EP4082053A1 - Electrochemical battery device with improved lifetime, comprising improved sealing and electrical conduction means, and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Electrochemical battery device with improved lifetime, comprising improved sealing and electrical conduction means, and manufacturing method thereofInfo
- Publication number
- EP4082053A1 EP4082053A1 EP20829677.2A EP20829677A EP4082053A1 EP 4082053 A1 EP4082053 A1 EP 4082053A1 EP 20829677 A EP20829677 A EP 20829677A EP 4082053 A1 EP4082053 A1 EP 4082053A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stack
- layer
- encapsulation
- encapsulation system
- anode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 37
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 171
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229920000052 poly(p-xylylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910020776 SixNy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzohydrazide Chemical compound COCCOC1=CC=CC(C(=O)NN)=C1 GNFTZDOKVXKIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 7
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001709 polysilazane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010063493 Premature ageing Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000032038 Premature aging Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012536 packaging technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 poly (p-xylylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
- H01M50/141—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors for protecting against humidity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0436—Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/117—Inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/121—Organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/122—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/126—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electrochemical devices, of the battery type. It can very particularly be applied to lithium ion batteries.
- the invention relates to a novel battery architecture, which gives them improved sealing properties, electrical conduction and service life.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing these batteries.
- lithium ion batteries are very sensitive to humidity.
- the market requires a lifespan of more than 10 years; it is necessary to be able to have an encapsulation which makes it possible to guarantee this lifespan.
- Thin-film lithium ion batteries are multilayer stacks that include electrode and electrolyte layers typically between about one ⁇ m and ten ⁇ m thick. They can comprise a stack of several elementary cells. It is observed that these batteries are sensitive to self-discharge. Depending on the positioning of the electrodes, in particular the proximity of the edges of the electrodes for multilayer batteries and the cleanliness of the cutouts, a leakage current may appear on the ends, a creeping short circuit which decreases the performance of the battery. This phenomenon is exacerbated if the electrolyte film is very thin.
- the cyclical variation in the volume of the anode materials also induces a cyclical variation in the volume of the battery cells. It thus generates cyclical stresses on the encapsulation system, liable to initiate cracks which are at the origin of the loss of tightness (or even of integrity) of the encapsulation system. This phenomenon is another cause of the decrease in the performance of the battery during its life.
- the active materials of lithium ion batteries are very sensitive to air and in particular to humidity.
- Mobile lithium ions react spontaneously with traces of water to form LiOH, leading to calendar aging of the batteries.
- the amount of lithium which has reacted with water is no longer available for energy storage, which decreases the capacity of the battery through premature aging. Therefore, the greatest care must be taken during the manufacture of the batteries in order to remain in perfectly anhydrous conditions.
- the batteries are protected from the external environment by a hermetic encapsulation which prevents the permeation of water which could induce a further loss of battery capacity.
- the permeation of water through this encapsulating structure is a well-known phenomenon.
- the tightness of an encapsulation is usually expressed as a water vapor transmission rate (called Water Vapor Transmission Rate and abbreviated as WVTR). This rate depends on the materials used, their manufacturing method and their thicknesses.
- the quality of the encapsulation is of utmost importance for lithium ion batteries.
- Document US 2002/0071989 describes an encapsulation system for an entirely solid thin-film battery comprising a stack of a first layer of a dielectric material chosen from alumina (AI2O 3 ), silica (S1O2), silicon nitride (S1 3 N4), silicon carbide (SiC), tantalum oxide (Ta 2 0s) and amorphous carbon, a second layer of a dielectric material and a layer of sealing placed on the second layer and covering the entire battery.
- a dielectric material chosen from alumina (AI2O 3 ), silica (S1O2), silicon nitride (S1 3 N4), silicon carbide (SiC), tantalum oxide (Ta 2 0s) and amorphous carbon
- a first proposed system comprises a layer of parylene covered with an aluminum film deposited on the active components of the battery.
- this protection system against the diffusion of air and water vapor is only effective for about a month.
- a second proposed system consists of alternating layers of parylene (500 nm thick) and metal (approximately 50 nm thick).
- the document specifies that it is preferable to coat these batteries again with a layer of epoxy cured with ultraviolet (UV) in order to reduce the rate of degradation of the battery by atmospheric elements.
- UV ultraviolet
- the surface area of these welds exposed to the atmosphere remains very small, and the rest of the packaging consists of aluminum sheets sandwiched between these polymer sheets.
- two aluminum sheets are combined in order to minimize the effects associated with the presence of holes, defects in each of these aluminum sheets. The probability that two defects on each of the strips are aligned is greatly reduced.
- An objective of the present invention is to remedy at least in part the drawbacks of the prior art mentioned above.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide lithium ion batteries with a very long life and having low self-discharge. It aims in particular to propose a method which makes it possible to manufacture in a simple, easy to use, reliable and rapid manner electronic or electrochemical devices, such as batteries, having a very long lifespan. It aims in particular to propose a method which reduces the risk of short-circuit, and which makes it possible in particular, to manufacture an electrochemical device, such as a battery having a low self-discharge and a very long lifespan.
- the present invention proposes as a first object a battery (1000), said battery comprising a stack (I) alternating between at least one anode (20) and at least one cathode (50), each consisting of a stack of thin layers and in wherein the anode (20) comprises o at least one anode current collector substrate (21), o at least one thin layer of an active anode material (22), and o optionally a thin layer of a material of 'electrolyte (23) or a separator impregnated with an electrolyte (23'), and in which the cathode stack (50) comprises o at least one cathodic current collector substrate (51), o at least one thin layer of 'an active cathode material (52), and optionally a thin layer of an electrolyte material (53) or of a separator impregnated with an electrolyte (53'), so that
- said primary encapsulation system comprises two front encapsulation regions (1021 1022) covering all or part of said front faces (F1, F2), as well as two lateral encapsulation regions (1023, 1025) covering all or part of two of said lateral faces (F3, F5).
- said primary encapsulation system comprises only two front encapsulation regions (1021 1022) covering all or part of said front faces (F1, F2).
- said primary encapsulation system comprises only two lateral encapsulation regions (1023, 1025) covering all or part of two of said lateral faces (F3, F5), each of the two front regions of the additional encapsulation system delimits two protruding edges ( 1031 A, 1031 B, 1032A, 1032B) each of which protrudes relative to the respective front region of the primary encapsulation system, along a lateral axis (X) of the stack, each protruding edge covering a respective end of the anodic contact member or cathodic contact member.
- said primary encapsulation system extends to the inner face of the contact members, while said additional encapsulation system extends beyond said inner face , in particular up to the outer face of these contact members, each of the two front regions of the additional encapsulation system delimits two projecting edges (1031C, 1031D, 1032C, 1032D) each of which protrudes along another lateral axis (Y ) of the stack, both with respect to the respective frontal region of the primary encapsulation system and with respect to the anodic and cathodic contact members, said protruding edges ensuring said continuity of surfaces between the frontal regions the lateral regions of the additional encapsulation system.
- the primary encapsulation system (1020) comprises at least a first covering layer, preferably chosen from parylene, type F parylene, polyimide, epoxy resins, silicone, polyamide, sol-gel silica , organic silica and / or a mixture of these, placed on the stack (I).
- each of the anode contact member (1040) and the cathode contact member (1050) comprises a first electrical connection layer of material charged with electrically conductive particles and a second electrical connection layer comprising a metal foil or a metal layer , arranged on the first electrical connection layer
- the additional encapsulation system (1030) comprises an encapsulation layer chosen from glasses, ceramics and glass-ceramics, said encapsulation layer preferably having a vapor permeance of water (WVTR) less than 10 5 g / m 2 .d.
- the glasses, ceramics and glass-ceramics of the encapsulation layer are chosen from: low-melting point glasses, preferably chosen from S1O2-B2O3; B12O3-B2O3, ZhO-B ⁇ 2q3-B2q3, Te02-V20s and PbO-Si02, oxides and / or nitrides and / or Ta 2 0s and / or alumina (AI2O3) and / or oxynitrides and / or SixNy and / or Si02 and / or SiON and / or amorphous silicon and / or SiC.
- low-melting point glasses preferably chosen from S1O2-B2O3; B12O3-B2O3, ZhO-B ⁇ 2q3-B2q3, Te02-V20s and PbO-Si02, oxides and / or nitrides and / or Ta 2 0s and / or alumina (AI2O3) and / or
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a above battery, said manufacturing method comprising: supplying at least one sheet of anode current collector substrate coated with an anode layer, and optionally coated with a layer of an electrolyte material or a separator impregnated with an electrolyte, hereinafter called anode sheet, the supply of at least one sheet of cathode current collector substrate coated with a cathode layer, and optionally coated with a layer of an electrolyte material or a separator impregnated with an electrolyte, hereinafter called cathode sheet, the production of said alternating stack (I) of at least one sheet anode and at least one cathode sheet, so as to obtain successively at least one anode current collector substrate, at least one anode layer, at least one layer of an electrolyte material or a separator impregnated with an electrolyte, at least one cathode layer, and at least one cathodic current collector substrate, carrying out a thermal
- this method further comprises the production of a so-called primary encapsulation assembly (1020 '), on the consolidated stack ( I), said primary encapsulation system being produced from said primary encapsulation set, the primary encapsulation system is produced from the primary encapsulation set by implementing two so-called primary cuts, according to first sectional plans (II II). the additional encapsulation system is produced from the additional encapsulation assembly by implementing two so-called cutouts additional, according to second section planes (VV) extending outside the first section planes.
- VV second section planes
- the exposure of at least part of the anodic and cathodic contact members according to step i) of the process is carried out by polishing or by cutting the production of the so-called primary encapsulation system (1020), comprises the deposition of at least one first covering layer, preferably chosen from parylene, type F parylene, polyimide, epoxy resins, silicone, polyamide, sol-gel silica, organic silica and / or a mixture of those here, on the stack (I).
- the production of the additional encapsulation system intended to encapsulate the consolidated stack comprising contact members comprises the deposition of an encapsulation layer chosen from glasses, ceramics and glass-ceramics.
- glasses, ceramics and glass-ceramics are chosen from: glasses with a low melting point, preferably chosen from S1O2-B2O3; B12O3-B2O3, ZhO-B ⁇ 2q3-B2q3, Te02-V20s and PbO-Si02, oxides and / or nitrides and / or Ta 2 0s and / or alumina (AI2O3) and / or oxynitrides and / or SixNy and / or Si02 and / or SiON and / or amorphous silicon and / or SiC.
- glasses with a low melting point preferably chosen from S1O2-B2O3; B12O3-B2O3, ZhO-B ⁇ 2q3-B2q3, Te02-V20s and PbO-Si02, oxides and / or nitrides and / or Ta 2 0s and / or alumina (AI2O3) and / or oxynitrides and
- anodic and cathodic contact members comprises: depositing on at least the anode connection zone and at least the cathodic connection zone, a first electrical connection layer of material charged with electrically conductive particles, preferably said first layer being formed of polymeric resin and / or of a material obtained by a sol-gel process loaded with electrically conductive particles, optionally, when said first layer is formed of polymeric resin and / or of a material obtained by a sol process -gel charged with electrically conductive particles, a drying step followed by a step of polymerization of said polymeric resin and / or of said material obtained by a sol-gel process, and the deposition, on the first layer, of a second layer electrical connection layer disposed on the first electrical connection layer, said second electrical connection layer preferably comprising a metallized foil that or a metallic ink, knowing that in the latter case, said drying step can be carried out alternately after the deposition of said second electrical connection layer.
- the method further comprises the production of an alternating succession of respectively cathodic and anodic strata, each stratum comprising a plurality of so-called empty zones, as well as the production of cutouts making it possible to separate a given stack from a battery vis-à-vis at least one other stack of another battery.
- the empty zones have bars connected 2 to 2 by channels, at least part of the bars is filled with encapsulation material, then said cutouts are made so as to obtain stacks of which 2 opposite side faces are coated by means of of said encapsulation material if the empty areas have an overall shape of I, at least one line formed by a plurality of stacks is produced, the front faces of this line are at least partially covered with encapsulation material, and said cutouts are made so as to obtain stacks, the front faces of which are coated by means of said encapsulation material.
- the encapsulation is provided by two separate encapsulation systems. These systems are different, in particular as regards their size.
- the additional encapsulation system has larger dimensions than the primary encapsulation systems, which allows it to protrude from this primary system, in at least one direction of space.
- these 2 systems are different as regards their constituent material as well as their size.
- the combination of these separate encapsulation systems makes it possible, among other things, to guarantee a particularly satisfactory seal.
- the additional system may be produced after the contact members have been put in place.
- Figure 1 schematically shows a front view with cutaway of a stack (I) defining 6 faces, precursor of a battery according to the invention, successively comprising at least one anode current collector substrate (21), at at least one thin layer of an active anode material (22), at least one thin layer of an electrolyte material (23, 53) or an electrolyte impregnated separator (23 ', 53') , at least one thin layer of an active cathode material (52), and at least one cathode current collector substrate (51).
- Figure 2 shows schematically a front view with cutaway of a stack encapsulated in a primary encapsulation system.
- FIG. 3 schematically represents a front view with cutaway of a stack encapsulated in a primary encapsulation system and of which the anodic and cathodic connection zones have been exposed according to the section planes II-II which are visible in figure 2.
- FIG. 4 schematically represents a front view with cutaway of a stack, precursor of a battery, showing the internal structure of the stack covered by a primary encapsulation system and that of the contact members according to l 'invention.
- FIG. 5 schematically represents a front view with cutaway of a stack encapsulated in a primary encapsulation system and in a so-called additional encapsulation system showing the internal structure of the battery.
- FIG. 6 schematically represents a front view with cutaway of a stack encapsulated in a primary encapsulation system and in a so-called additional encapsulation system showing the internal structure of the battery and of which the anode connection zones and cathode were exposed according to the section planes VV which are visible in Figure 5.
- FIG. 7 schematically represents a side view of a battery according to the invention showing the external face of an anode contact member surrounded on their periphery by the additional encapsulation system.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are sectional views illustrating variant embodiments of the invention in which the primary encapsulation system covers only 2 faces of the elementary stack.
- Figures 10 and 11 are perspective views, showing anode and cathode sheets which are arranged superimposed, involved in two variants of a method of manufacturing a battery according to the invention.
- FIG. 12 is a front view, illustrating a step involved in the production of the battery according to the variant of FIG. 8.
- Figures 13 and 14 are front views, illustrating the steps involved in the production of the battery according to the variant of Figure 9.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an electrochemical device according to a first variant embodiment, which is a battery designated as a whole by the reference 1.
- This battery comprises, in a manner known per se, a stack (I) alternating between at least one anode ( 20) and at least one cathode (50).
- This anode (20) comprises at least one anode current collector substrate (21), at least one thin layer of an active anode material (22).
- this anode also comprises a thin layer of an electrolyte material (23) or a separator impregnated with an electrolyte (23 ’), which is however optional.
- the cathode (50) comprises at least one cathodic current collector substrate (51), at least one thin layer of an active cathode material (52).
- This cathode also comprises, in the example illustrated, a thin layer of an electrolyte material (53) or of a separator impregnated with an electrolyte (53 '), which is however optional.
- the aforementioned stack successively comprises at least one anode current collector substrate (21), at least one thin layer of an active anode material (22), at least one thin layer of an electrolyte material. (23, 53) or a separator impregnated with an electrolyte (23 ', 53'), at least one thin layer of an active cathode material (52), and at least one cathode current collector substrate (51 ).
- the assembly of the battery can be carried out by heat treatment and / or mechanical compression.
- the heat treatment of the stack allowing the battery to be assembled is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 50 ° C and 500 ° C, preferably at a temperature of between 50 ° C and 500 ° C. temperature below 350 ° C.
- the mechanical compression of the stack is advantageously carried out at a pressure of between 10 MPa and 100 MPa, preferably between 20 MPa and 50 MPa.
- This stack I of the generally parallelepipedal type, has six faces.
- F1 and F2 the opposite end faces which, by convention, are substantially parallel to the different layers above.
- Stack 2 also defines 4 side faces F3 to F6, which are 2 to 2 mutually parallel and opposite.
- F3 to F6 which are 2 to 2 mutually parallel and opposite.
- the battery architecture comprising a primary encapsulation system, an additional encapsulation system and contact members according to the invention is particularly suitable for stacks where the anode and cathode connection zones are laterally opposed.
- the constituent layers of the stack have recesses (1070) so that each elementary cell defines a zone of continuity of the current collector cathode allowing electrical contact to be made at the level of the cathodic connection zone and a zone of continuity of the anode current collector allowing electrical contact to be made at the level of the anode connection zone.
- This arrangement makes it possible to have the anode and cathode connection zones laterally opposed.
- FIG. 1 illustrates this stack I taken in isolation, in the absence of the other final components of the battery.
- a primary encapsulation assembly denoted 1020 ′.
- 1021 ′ to 1026 ′ the 6 constituent regions of this assembly 1020 ′, which respectively cover the 6 faces of the stack.
- This assembly 1020 ′ is intended to form, as will be seen in what follows, a primary encapsulation system 1020 making it possible to ensure the protection of the battery vis-à-vis the atmosphere.
- This primary encapsulation system must be chemically stable, withstand high temperature.
- this primary encapsulation system 1020 comprises at least a first covering layer, preferably chosen from parylene, type F parylene, polyimide, epoxy resins, silicone, polyamide, sol-gel silica , organic silica and / or a mixture of these, placed on the stack (I).
- this first covering layer is selected from the group formed by: silicones (deposited for example by impregnation or by plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition from hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO)), epoxy resins, polyimide, polyamide, poly-para-xylylene (also called poly (p-xylylene), better known by the term parylene), and / or a mixture of these.
- This first covering layer makes it possible to protect the sensitive elements of the battery from its environment.
- the thickness of said first cover layer is preferably between 0.5 ⁇ m and 3 ⁇ m.
- this first covering layer may be of type C parylene, of type D parylene, of type N parylene (CAS 1633-22-3), of type F parylene or a mixture of type C, D parylene. , N and / or F.
- Parylene is a dielectric, transparent, semi-crystalline material which exhibits high thermodynamic stability, excellent resistance to solvents and very low permeability. Parylene also has barrier properties to protect the battery from its external environment. The protection of the battery is increased when this first cover layer is made from type F parylene.
- This first cover layer is advantageously obtained from the condensation of gaseous monomers deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on the surfaces, which makes it possible to have a conformal, thin and uniform covering of all the accessible surfaces of the stack.
- This first covering layer is advantageously rigid; it cannot be considered as a soft surface.
- the anodic and cathodic connection areas are exposed, by any appropriate means, according to the plans ll-ll. of FIG. 2, which are typically parallel to the end faces F4 and F6.
- This assembly 1020 ′ can be produced, advantageously, by successive deposition of parylene - ALD - parylene layers.
- the exposure of the anode and cathode connection zones is preferably carried out by so-called primary cutouts. These cuts make it possible to remove, preferably, the side regions 1024 '1026' of the encapsulation assembly, leading to the exposure of the anodic and cathodic connection zones, as shown in FIG. 3.
- Such an exposure can be obtained by a step other than cutting. It can in particular be carried out by any suitable means, in particular by chemical etching, by laser cutting (or laser ablation), by femtosecond laser cutting, by microperforation or by stamping. Such exposure is preferably carried out by saw cutting, by polishing, in particular via the use of a felt and a polishing paste, by abrasion and / or by plasma etching.
- a stack is obtained covered by a primary encapsulation system, designated by the reference 1020.
- a primary encapsulation system designated by the reference 1020.
- 1021, 1022, 1023 and 1025 the constituent regions of this encapsulation system, which cover the end faces.
- F1 F2 F3 and F5 of the stack are the constituent regions of this encapsulation system, which cover the end faces.
- the impregnation of the battery with a liquid electrolyte is advantageously carried out, after obtaining the stacks covered by a primary encapsulation system and whose anode and cathode connections are present on the opposite side faces. respectively F4 and F6 are exposed, by a carrier phase of lithium ions such as liquid electrolytes or an ionic liquid containing lithium salts; this lithium ion carrier phase penetrates the porosities of the battery, in particular the separators of the battery by capillary action.
- a carrier phase of lithium ions such as liquid electrolytes or an ionic liquid containing lithium salts
- contact members are then respectively anodic 1040 and cathodic 1050, as shown in FIG. 4.
- contact members 1041 and 1042 there are denoted 1041 and 1042, as well as 1051 and 1052, the so-called front ends of these contact members 1040 and 1050, which are adjacent to the front faces of the stack.
- the steps illustrated in these Figures 2 to 4 are of the conventional type, so that they are not described in more detail in what follows.
- the contact members are deposited on and near the cathodic and anodic connection zones, preferably on the side faces defining these anodic and cathodic connection zones.
- These contact members preferably consist of a stack of layers comprising successively: a first electrical connection layer comprising a material loaded with electrically conductive particles, preferably a polymeric resin and / or a material obtained by a sol-gel process, charged with electrically conductive particles and even more preferably a polymeric resin charged with graphite, and a second electrical connection layer consisting of a metal foil or a metal layer, arranged on the first layer.
- the first electrical connection layer makes it possible to fix the second subsequent electrical connection layer while providing “flexibility” to the connection without breaking the electrical contact when the electrical circuit is subjected to thermal and / or vibratory stresses.
- the second electrical connection layer is a metal foil or a metal layer.
- This metallic foil or layer may be flat or textured in shape.
- This second electrical connection layer is used to durably protect the batteries from humidity while connecting, on the one hand, at the level of the side face of the battery F4, the anode connection zones and, on the other hand, at the level of the opposite side face of the battery F6, the cathodic connection areas.
- metals make it possible to produce very waterproof films, more waterproof than those based on ceramics and even more waterproof than those based on polymers which are generally not very hermetic to the passage of molecules. of water. It increases the calendar life of the battery by reducing the WVTR at the contact members.
- a third electrical connection layer comprising a conductive ink can be deposited on the second electrical connection layer; it is used to reduce WVTR, which increases battery life.
- the measurement of the water vapor permeance (WVTR) can be done using a method which is the subject of US Pat. No. 7,624,621 and which is also described in the publication "Structural properties of ultraviolet cured polysilazane gas barrier layers on polymer substrates ”by A. Mortier et al., published in the journal Thin Solid Films 6 + 550 (2014) 85-89.
- the contact members make it possible to take up the alternately positive and negative electrical connections on each of the ends. These contact members make it possible to make the electrical connections in parallel between the different battery elements. For this, only the cathode connections come out on one end, and the anode connections are available on another end. Then, as shown in Figure 5, the 6 faces of the intermediate structure of Figure 4 are covered by means of an additional encapsulation assembly 1030 'intended to form, as will be seen in what follows, an additional system encapsulation 1030. This additional encapsulation system makes it possible to protect the entire cell from the diffusion of molecules originating from the atmosphere and ultimately to make it airtight.
- This additional encapsulation (or additional encaspsulation layer) is preferably deposited by atomic layer deposition (in English "Atomic Layer Deposition", ALD), by PECVD, by HDPCVD (in English “High Density Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition” ) or by ICPCVD (Inductively Coupled Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition), so as to obtain a conformal covering of all the accessible surfaces of the intermediate structure.
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- PECVD in English "Atomic Layer Deposition”
- HDPCVD in English "High Density Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition”
- ICPCVD Inductively Coupled Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition
- this additional encapsulation layer is advantageously chosen as a function of the desired level of gas tightness, ie of the desired WVTR coefficient and depends on the deposition technique used, in particular from among ALD, PECVD, HDPCVD and HDCVDICPCVD.
- the thickness of this additional encapsulation layer is preferably between 10 nm and 15 ⁇ m.
- This system or this additional encapsulation layer is waterproof and preferably has a water vapor permeance (WVTR) of less than 10 -5 g / m 2 .d. The measurement of the water vapor permeance can be done using a method which is the subject of US Pat. No.
- the material intended to form this additional encapsulation can be chosen from glasses, ceramics and glass-ceramics, preferably from: low-melting point glasses, preferably chosen from S1O 2 -B 2 O 3 ; B12O3-B2O3, ZhO-B ⁇ 2q3-B2q3, Te02-V20s and PbO-Si02, oxides and / or nitrides and / or Ta 2 0s and / or alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and / or oxynitrides and / or SixNy and / or S1O 2 and / or SiON and / or amorphous silicon and / or SiC.
- low-melting point glasses preferably chosen from S1O 2 -B 2 O 3 ; B12O3-B2O3, ZhO-B ⁇ 2q3-B2q3, Te02-V20s and PbO-Si02, oxides and / or nitrides and / or Ta 2
- the intermediate structure of FIG. 5 is then subjected to so-called additional cutting operations, by any suitable means, according to the planes VV of FIG. 5.
- These cutting planes are typically parallel to those ll-ll described above, in however extending outside the latter in the X direction.
- These cutouts which make it possible to remove, totally or partially, the lateral regions 1034 '1036' of the additional encapsulation assembly, lead to the updating of bare, total or partial, of the contact members 1040 and 1050, as shown in FIG. 6.
- a sufficient part of the second electrical connection layer consisting of a metal foil will remain.
- the exposure of the first electrical connection layer will also be avoided.
- the metal foil or metal layer can be of textured form to facilitate the resumption of the electrical connection after the production of the additional cutouts.
- Such an exposure can be obtained by a different step of cutting. It can in particular be carried out by polishing, plasma etching, chemical etching, by laser cutting (or laser ablation), by femtosecond laser cutting, by microperforation or by stamping. It is particularly advantageous to use textured metal sheets when the exposure of the contact members is carried out by saw cutting or by polishing, in particular via the use of a felt and a polishing paste; this makes it possible to facilitate the resumption of electrical connection, in particular at the level of local growths. As a variant, it is also possible to save on the metal part of the current collector, before carrying out the additional encapsulation. When this savings is removed, the electrical contact is then exposed again.
- a stack is obtained which is firstly covered by the primary encapsulation system 1020, then by the additional encapsulation system 1030.
- the regions constituting this system are denoted by 1031, 1032, 1033 and 1035.
- additional 1030 which cover the respective regions 1021, 1022, 1023 and 1025 of the primary system 1020.
- each so-called primary front region 1021 and 1022 extends to the inner face of the opposing contact members 1040 and 1050. Furthermore, in this direction, each so-called additional front region 1031 and 1032 is flush with the outer face of these contact bodies.
- each of these regions 1031 and 1032 defines in this direction X so-called projecting edges 1031 A 1031 B, as well as 1032A 1032B.
- Each of these edges 1031 A 1031 B 1032A 1032B covers a respective end 1041 1051 1042 1052 of the contact members 1040 1050.
- the encapsulation material 1020 1030 formed by both the primary and additional systems, delimits shoulders denoted 1060 and 1061, against which extend the ends, respectively upper and lower, of the contact members.
- each contact member respectively anodic 1040 and cathodic 1050
- said opposite ends are flush with the front regions 1021 and 1022 of the encapsulation system 1020.
- said opposite ends extend substantially, in the X direction, at the level of the free faces, respectively upper of region 1021 and lower of region 1022.
- the arrangement of the additional encapsulation system on the primary encapsulation system and on the periphery of the contact members gives the final battery an excellent seal, in particular a very low water vapor transmission rate. This will increase the battery life. More particularly, this architecture makes it possible to block the diffusion of water or oxygen molecules at the ends 1042, 1041 of the contact members. In fact, the conductive adhesives used to make the contact are not impervious to the diffusion of water molecules like the metal foil can be.
- the dimension along the Y direction of the front regions 1031 and 1032 is greater than the dimension of both the front regions 1021 and 1022, as well as the contact members 1040 1050. Therefore each of these regions 1031 and 1032 delimits in this direction Y so-called projecting banks 1031C 1031D, as well as 1032C 1032D. These different edges ensure a continuity of surfaces of the additional encapsulation, between each front region 1031 or else 1032 as well as the two lateral regions 1033 and 1035.
- the above battery in accordance with the embodiments of Figures 1 to 7, comprises a primary encapsulation system having four regions, each of which covers a respective face of the primary stack. As a variant, however, provision can be made for this primary encapsulation system to have a lower number of regions. In particular, such a system can include only two regions, which are present on opposite faces of the stack.
- the regions of the primary encapsulation system can be provided to cover only the side faces of the stack, which are not occupied by the contact members.
- these regions of the primary encapsulation system cover only the front faces of the stack, which are therefore parallel to the constituent layers of the latter. Manufacturing processes, relating to these batteries of Figures 8 and 9, will be described with reference to Figures 12 and following.
- each anode or cathode sheet which is of a type known for example from patent FR 3,091,036 in the name of the applicant, is not part of the invention and will only be described briefly.
- Each anode sheet, respectively cathode sheet comprises an active anode layer, respectively an active cathode layer.
- Each of these active layers can be solid, ie dense or porous in nature.
- an electrolyte layer or a separator impregnated with a liquid electrolyte is placed on at least one of these two sheets, in contact with the facing sheet.
- the electrolyte layer or the separator impregnated with a liquid electrolyte is interposed between two sheets of opposite polarity, ie between the anode sheet and the cathode sheet. These strata are notched, so as to define so-called empty zones which will allow separation between the different final batteries. In the context of the present invention, provision can be made to assign different shapes to these empty zones. As the Applicant has already proposed in patent FR 3,091,036, these empty zones may have the shape of H.
- FIG. 10 illustrates the stack 1100 between sheets, or anode strata 1101, as well as sheets. or cathode strata 1102. As shown in this figure, cutouts are made in these different sheets, so as to produce said H-shaped empty zones, respectively anode 1103 and cathode 1104.
- these free zones can also have an I-shape.
- FIG. 11 illustrates the stack 1200 between anode sheets or strata 1201, as well as cathode sheets or strata 1202. As shown in this figure. 11, cutouts are made in these different sheets, so as to produce said I-shaped empty zones, respectively anodic 1203 and cathodic 1204.
- each anode and each cathode of a given battery comprises a respective main body, separated from a respective secondary body by a space free of any electrode material, of electrolyte and / or current conducting substrate.
- the empty areas can be made to have shapes that are still different from an H or an I, in particular a U shape.
- the H or I shapes are preferred.
- the battery of FIG. 8 can be produced using the succession of sheets shown in FIG. 10.
- FIG. 12 there is illustrated, on a larger scale, an empty zone which is generally in the form of a H. More precisely, as is known from patent FR 3,091,036 mentioned above, these empty zones comprise vertical bars 1103, which are connected in pairs by horizontal channels 1110. According to this variant, the bars 1103 receive a material 221, intended to form all or part of the primary encapsulation system.
- the battery of Figure 9 can be produced using the superposition of sheets shown in Figure 11.
- this superposition of sheets is covered in its entirety by means of an encapsulation material, intended to form the primary encapsulation system.
- an encapsulation material intended to form the primary encapsulation system.
- each strip comprises a markedly greater number of such stacks. Only the two elementary stacks, located at opposite ends of each row, are covered by the encapsulating material both on their front faces and on some of their side faces. On the other hand, the other so-called middle elementary stacks are covered only on their front faces.
- the contact members preferably the faces of the battery according to the invention comprising the contact members, can be covered with a multilayer system consisting of a first layer of conductive polymer, such as a conductive ink, preferably a silver-charged epoxy resin, with a second layer of nickel, in particular deposited by electrolytic deposition on this first layer and a third layer of tin deposited by electrolytic deposition on this second layer.
- a multilayer system consisting of a first layer of conductive polymer, such as a conductive ink, preferably a silver-charged epoxy resin, with a second layer of nickel, in particular deposited by electrolytic deposition on this first layer and a third layer of tin deposited by electrolytic deposition on this second layer.
- the first layer of conductive polymer preferably of epoxy resin charged with silver, makes it possible to provide “flexibility” to the connections without breaking the electrical contact when the electrical circuit is subjected to thermal and / or vibratory stresses.
- the nickel layer protects the polymer layer during the solder assembly steps, and the tin layer provides solderability of the battery interface.
- the battery according to the invention can advantageously be integrated and / or overmolded in a flat integrated circuit package which physically and electrically connects the integrated circuits to a printed circuit, such as a QFN type package (Quad Fiat No-leads package en English).
- the battery according to the invention can be a lithium ion microbattery, a lithium ion mini battery, or even a high power lithium ion battery.
- it can be designed and dimensioned so as to have a capacity less than or equal to approximately 1 mA h (commonly called a “microbattery”), so as to have a power greater than approximately 1 mA h up to approximately 1 A h ( commonly referred to as a “mini-battery”), or even so as to have a capacity greater than approximately 1 A h (commonly referred to as a “power battery”).
- microbatteries are designed to be compatible with microelectronics manufacturing processes.
- the batteries of each of these three power ranges can be produced: either with layers of the “all solid” type, ie devoid of impregnated liquid or pasty phases (said liquid or pasty phases which may be a conductive medium of lithium ions, capable of acting as an electrolyte), or with mesoporous “all solid” type layers, impregnated with a liquid or pasty phase, typically a medium conductive of lithium ions, which enters spontaneously inside the layer and which no longer emerges from this layer, so that this layer can be considered as quasi-solid, either with impregnated porous layers (ie layers having a network of open pores which can be impregnated with a liquid or pasty phase, and which gives these layers wet properties).
- layers of the “all solid” type ie devoid of impregnated liquid or pasty phases (said liquid or pasty phases which may be a conductive medium of lithium ions, capable of acting as an electrolyte), or with mesoporous “all solid” type
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FR1915548A FR3105603B1 (en) | 2019-12-24 | 2019-12-24 | Battery-type electrochemical device with improved service life, comprising improved sealing and electrical conduction means, and its manufacturing process |
PCT/IB2020/062374 WO2021130687A1 (en) | 2019-12-24 | 2020-12-23 | Electrochemical battery device with improved lifetime, comprising improved sealing and electrical conduction means, and manufacturing method thereof |
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US5561004A (en) | 1994-02-25 | 1996-10-01 | Bates; John B. | Packaging material for thin film lithium batteries |
US20020071989A1 (en) | 2000-12-08 | 2002-06-13 | Verma Surrenda K. | Packaging systems and methods for thin film solid state batteries |
US8679674B2 (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2014-03-25 | Front Edge Technology, Inc. | Battery with protective packaging |
FR2897434B1 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2014-07-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PERMEATION MEASUREMENT |
EP3646398B1 (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2021-08-18 | I-Ten | Encapsulation system for electronic components and batteries |
FR3068826A1 (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2019-01-11 | Stmicroelectronics (Tours) Sas | THIN FILM BATTERY |
US11788241B2 (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2023-10-17 | Hunt Energy Enterprises, L.L.C. | Road based electrical storage batteries |
FR3091036B1 (en) | 2018-12-24 | 2024-04-19 | I Ten | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING BATTERIES, AND BATTERY OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS |
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2019
- 2019-12-24 FR FR1915548A patent/FR3105603B1/en active Active
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2020
- 2020-12-23 CN CN202080097512.8A patent/CN115152046A/en active Pending
- 2020-12-23 CA CA3162508A patent/CA3162508A1/en active Pending
- 2020-12-23 US US17/788,461 patent/US20230027695A1/en active Pending
- 2020-12-23 IL IL293763A patent/IL293763A/en unknown
- 2020-12-23 WO PCT/IB2020/062374 patent/WO2021130687A1/en unknown
- 2020-12-23 KR KR1020227025667A patent/KR20220121255A/en unknown
- 2020-12-23 EP EP20829677.2A patent/EP4082053A1/en active Pending
- 2020-12-23 JP JP2022538935A patent/JP2023508068A/en active Pending
- 2020-12-24 TW TW109145871A patent/TW202135368A/en unknown
Also Published As
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JP2023508068A (en) | 2023-02-28 |
CN115152046A (en) | 2022-10-04 |
KR20220121255A (en) | 2022-08-31 |
CA3162508A1 (en) | 2021-07-01 |
WO2021130687A1 (en) | 2021-07-01 |
US20230027695A1 (en) | 2023-01-26 |
TW202135368A (en) | 2021-09-16 |
FR3105603B1 (en) | 2021-11-26 |
FR3105603A1 (en) | 2021-06-25 |
IL293763A (en) | 2022-08-01 |
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