EP4069756A1 - Composé polymérique, cartouche, dispositif et procédé pour la captation des ions ni(ii) - Google Patents
Composé polymérique, cartouche, dispositif et procédé pour la captation des ions ni(ii)Info
- Publication number
- EP4069756A1 EP4069756A1 EP20816200.8A EP20816200A EP4069756A1 EP 4069756 A1 EP4069756 A1 EP 4069756A1 EP 20816200 A EP20816200 A EP 20816200A EP 4069756 A1 EP4069756 A1 EP 4069756A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ions
- polymeric compound
- solution
- cartridge
- ligand
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/10—Acylation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/04—Processes using organic exchangers
- B01J39/07—Processes using organic exchangers in the weakly acidic form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
- B01D15/36—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving ionic interaction, e.g. ion-exchange, ion-pair, ion-suppression or ion-exclusion
- B01D15/361—Ion-exchange
- B01D15/362—Cation-exchange
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
- B01D15/38—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving specific interaction not covered by one or more of groups B01D15/265 and B01D15/30 - B01D15/36, e.g. affinity, ligand exchange or chiral chromatography
- B01D15/3804—Affinity chromatography
- B01D15/3828—Ligand exchange chromatography, e.g. complexation, chelation or metal interaction chromatography
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/08—Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/16—Organic material
- B01J39/18—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J39/19—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/02—Column or bed processes
- B01J47/022—Column or bed processes characterised by the construction of the column or container
- B01J47/024—Column or bed processes characterised by the construction of the column or container where the ion-exchangers are in a removable cartridge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/02—Column or bed processes
- B01J47/06—Column or bed processes during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation or vibration
- B01J47/08—Column or bed processes during which the ion-exchange material is subjected to a physical treatment, e.g. heat, electric current, irradiation or vibration subjected to a direct electric current
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/285—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using synthetic organic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F12/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F12/08—Styrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F12/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F12/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F12/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F12/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring substituted by hetero atoms or groups containing heteroatoms
- C08F12/26—Nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D21/00—Processes for servicing or operating cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D21/16—Regeneration of process solutions
- C25D21/18—Regeneration of process solutions of electrolytes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2810/00—Chemical modification of a polymer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of the capture of metal ions, more particularly of the selective capture of nickel Ni (II) ions.
- Ni nickel ions
- electrochemical processes it is common to employ materials including nickel, for example, in stainless steel vessels, as these materials have a longer life.
- the nickel can however be transformed into nickel ions Ni (II), which can disrupt the operation of the processes and have a harmful impact on the environment.
- II nickel ions
- the zinc deposit gives the material an essential corrosion resistance in many applications, for example for sheet metal intended for the automobile or household appliances, screws, or for everyday goods such as carts. supermarket.
- lead electrodes In order to limit the frequency of renewal of electrolysis baths, lead electrodes have traditionally been used. During electrogalvanization, these lead electrodes gradually disintegrate in the electrolysis bath and absorb traces of contaminating ions, and in particular traces of Ni (II) ions. This method makes it possible to lengthen the induction period and reduce the frequency of bath renewal.
- the electrolysis bath which must always be renewed and treated, contains lead and zinc, which are chemically difficult to separate and harmful to the environment.
- these lead electrodes today tend to be replaced by high performance catalytic electrodes comprising noble metals, for example titanium electrodes coated with mixed metal oxide compositions comprising different elements. such as iridium, ruthenium, platinum, rhodium and tantalum.
- noble metals for example titanium electrodes coated with mixed metal oxide compositions comprising different elements.
- iridium, ruthenium, platinum, rhodium and tantalum the components of these electrodes do not ensure the capture of Ni (II) ions.
- Another strategy is therefore used to delay the induction period. It consists of using surfactants or inhibitors of the hydrogen production reaction such as potassium sulphate. When the Ni (II) concentration becomes too high, in particular when it exceeds one to two tens of mg / L, however, it is still necessary to renew the electrolysis bath.
- the element nickel exhibits high toxicity.
- the average occupational exposure limit value over 8 hours for nickel, and its inorganic derivatives is 1 mg / m 3 , with the exception of that for nickel sulphate which is 0.1 mg / m 3 .
- Ni (II) ions exhibit chemical properties very similar to other metal ions, and in particular cobalt Co (II) ions. Thus, it is very difficult to selectively capture them from one another in the electrolysis baths and in the effluents from electrochemical processes, in particular in order to be able to recover them.
- An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a material aimed at selectively capturing traces of Ni (II) ions in solution. More particularly, an object of the invention aims, by the selective capture of traces of Ni (II) ions, to guarantee the proper functioning of electrochemical processes such as electrogalvanization. Further, it is an object of the invention to be able to pick up these traces of Ni (II) ions selectively with respect to other metal ions. Furthermore, an object of the present invention aims to limit the environmental impact of Ni (II) ions in solution.
- the present invention provides a polymeric compound based on a polymer chosen from styrenic polymers and chloropolymers, characterized in that in that the polymer comprises monomer units suitable for being functionalized by a ligand. , at least part of said monomer units of the polymer being functionalized by the ligand.
- the glyoxime groups exhibit a strong affinity for metal ions, and in particular Ni (II) ions. These groups can also exhibit good selectivity with respect to metal ions with chemical properties very similar to Ni (II) ions, and in particular with respect to cobalt Co (II) ions.
- This ligand thus allows complexation of metal ions, and in particular Ni (II) ions by the polymeric compound, including in solutions of low concentrations of Ni (II) ions.
- the polymeric compound can allow selective capture of Ni (II) ions, in trace amounts as well as at higher concentrations. Since Ni (II) ions are captured by the polymeric compound, their impact on the operation of electrochemical processes, as well as their environmental impact, are limited, or even eliminated.
- the glyoxime group Since the glyoxime group has the structural formula above, the glyoxime group is attached to the monomer unit by at least one of R and R '. This attachment of the glyoxime group makes it possible to optimize the complexation of metal ions by the glyoxime group. In particular, this makes it possible to form between the glyoxime group and the metal ion a complex which is less sterically constrained with respect to an attachment by another group or atom, for example the oxygen atom. In addition, since the oxygen and nitrogen atoms are not directly attached to the metal ion, their participation in the complexation of metal ions is not reduced. The structure and functionality of the glyoxime group, for the complexation of metal ions, are thus preserved. The complexation of the metal ions, and in particular of the Ni (II) ions, is therefore facilitated compared to existing solutions, which improves their selective capture.
- the invention may further exhibit at least any one of the following characteristics, used in combination or alternatively.
- the ligand can comprise at least one methylglyoxime group, or even a plurality of methylglyoxime groups, in which the methyl exhibits in particular an inductive donor effect which benefits the capture of metal ions.
- Methylglyoxime groups exhibit a particularly strong affinity for Ni (II) ions, as well as excellent selectivity with respect to metal ions with chemical properties very similar to Ni (II) ions, and in particular with respect to cobalt Co (II) ions.
- the average molar mass of the polymer free of the ligand can be between 2000 and 10000 g / mol.
- the use of a low molecular weight polymer, relative to the molecular weights of generally available commercial polymers, has several advantages. First, it is easier to obtain a high degree of functionalization of the monomer units of the polymer. Second, the ligands are thus more accessible for the capture of Ni (II) ions, or even ions of other metals, improving the efficiency of capture by the polymeric compound.
- the average molar mass of the polymer free of the ligand is between 2000 and 5000 g / mol.
- the degree of ligand functionalization of at least a portion of the monomer units of the polymer may be greater than 80%.
- the high degree of functionalization of the monomer units of the polymer makes it possible to increase the quantity of the ligand capable of capturing Ni (II) ions, or even ions of other metals.
- a high degree of functionalization can increase the probability of having ligands close enough to form a complex with an Ni ion. (II), and thus increase the selectivity of the polymer.
- a high degree of functionalization can therefore make it possible to facilitate the capture of Ni (II) ions and to increase the capacity of capture of Ni (II) ions by the polymeric compound.
- the monomer units suitable for being functionalized by the ligand may be units chosen from units of styrene and its derivatives, units of vinyl chloride and units of 4-chloromethyl-styrene.
- the polymeric compound according to this characteristic has several advantages. First, the polymeric compound may be neutral, or even insoluble in a solution such as an electrolysis bath or an effluent resulting from an electrochemical process, and in particular in an aqueous medium. The polymeric compound can then form a solid phase which can easily be isolated from the solution. For example, the polymeric compound is recoverable by filtration. Second, the polymeric compound can be resistant to the operating conditions of electrochemical treatments, thus improving its duration of use during these treatments.
- At least some of the monomer units of the polymer functionalized by the ligand can correspond to one of the following formulas (I), (II) and (III):
- a second aspect of the present invention relates to a cartridge configured so as to contain the polymeric compound, in which at least one wall comprises openings configured so as to allow a fluid to circulate on either side of said at least one wall, while keeping the polymeric compound inside the cartridge.
- the cartridge can thus be placed in a solution, such as an electrolysis bath or an effluent from an electrochemical process, so as to capture the Ni (II) ions in solution.
- a solution such as an electrolysis bath or an effluent from an electrochemical process
- a third aspect of the present invention relates to a device for capturing Ni (II) ions in solution comprising the polymeric compound and a clean tank intended to contain a solution, said solution being capable of comprising Ni (II) ions.
- the materials used during electrochemical treatments, such as by electrogalvanization can include a higher nickel content, consequently increasing the life of these materials. materials.
- the device can in particular understand stainless steel materials, including nickel. The service life of the device is thus increased, and its cost reduced.
- the polymeric compound may also be contained in a cartridge, at least one wall of said cartridge comprising openings configured so as to allow the solution to circulate on either side of said at least one wall, while maintaining the polymeric compound at the same time. inside the cartridge.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention relates to a method for capturing Ni (II) ions in solution comprising the following steps:
- the solution can be an effluent comprising Ni (II) ions, for example resulting from an electrochemical treatment process, or a solution suitable for implementing an electrochemical treatment during which Ni (II) ions can be released, originating from example of the tank. Since Ni (II) ions are captured by the polymeric compound, even at low concentrations of Ni (II) ions, the environmental impact of the solution can be limited or even eliminated.
- the polymeric compound may be contained in at least one cartridge, at least one wall of said cartridge comprising openings configured so as to allow the solution to circulate on either side of said at least a wall, while maintaining the polymeric compound inside the cartridge.
- the method may further comprise a step of at least partial immersion of a material in the solution, and a step of treatment by electrogalvanization of the submerged part of the material, said solution comprising chemical species suitable for carrying out the treatment by electrogalvanization.
- the Ni (II) ions which can be released in solution can thus be captured by the polymeric compound.
- the capture of Ni (II) ions can ensure the proper functioning of the electrogalvanizing treatment. More particularly, this capture makes it possible to limit, or even eliminate, the phenomenon of induction.
- the method may comprise a step of at least partial immersion of a material in the solution, the material possibly comprising metallic components based on nickel, or even based on a mixture of metals comprising nickel, and a step of placing in solution of at least some of the metal components of the material.
- Ni (II) ions or even a plurality of metal ions including Ni (II) ions, can be released in solution.
- the Ni (II) ions can thus be selectively captured by the polymeric compound, for example for their upgrading and / or for the upgrading of the metal ions not captured by the polymeric compound. More particularly, metal ions with chemical properties very similar to Ni (II) ions, such as Co (II) ions, can thus be separated from Ni (II) ions.
- Figure 1A shows a perspective view of a cartridge comprising the polymeric compound, according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1B shows a perspective view of a cartridge, according to another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a device for collecting Ni (II) ions according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a device according to another embodiment of the invention than that illustrated in Figure 2.
- Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a device according to another embodiment of the invention than those illustrated in Figures 2 and 3.
- FIG. 5 diagrammatically represents the steps of the process for capturing Ni (II) ions according to one embodiment of the invention.
- styrenic polymer denotes a family of polymers derived from styrene monomer or one of its derivatives. This polymer family includes polystyrene homopolymer, sodium poly (styrene sulfonate), polymers derived from halogenated derivatives of styrene, such as poly (chloromethylstyrene) for example, and copolymers styrene, where the styrene monomer, or a derivative thereof, is copolymerized with other monomers.
- chloropolymer denotes a family of polymers derived from alken monomers in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by chlorine. This family includes copolymers where these alken monomers are copolymerized with other monomers, or even other alken monomers in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced by chlorine.
- polymer unit is meant a repeating molecular structure in a polymer formed from a monomer. Polymers formed from a single monomer unit are called homopolymers. We speak of a copolymer when at least two monomer units, with different molecular structures, constitute the polymer.
- ligand corresponds to a molecular structure carrying chemical functions allowing it to bind to one or more atoms or ions.
- compound or material “based” on a material A is meant a compound or material comprising, or being formed from, this material A, and optionally comprising other materials.
- solution “capable of comprising” a species A is meant that the solution initially comprises species A or that species A can be released in solution, for example during the implementation of a process. Equivalently, the solution may be "intended to include” species A.
- the average molar masses of polymer are given by mass.
- the polymeric compound according to a first aspect of the invention comprises a polymer, at least part of the monomer units of the polymer being suitable for being functionalized by a ligand which is selective for Ni (II) ions.
- the selective ligand for Ni (II) ions comprises at least one chemical group chosen from glyoxime groups.
- R and R ' are independently selected from a covalent bond between two carbon atoms, H, CH 3 , an alkyl group, and an alkylene group.
- An alkylene group is a carbon chain comprising at least one unsaturation.
- the alkyl and alkylene groups preferably comprise 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in order to limit the molar mass of the ligand. These alkyl and alkylene groups may further comprise a ring and / or may or may not be branched.
- the glyoxime groups exhibit a strong affinity for Ni (II) ions.
- Ni (II) ions This strong affinity makes it possible to capture in particular Ni (II) ions in solution, for a low concentration of Ni (II) ions.
- the glyoxime groups can furthermore exhibit excellent selectivity for Ni (II) ions over other metal ions.
- This selectivity for Ni (II) ions can also be obtained for metal ions with chemical properties close to Ni (II) ions, such as cobalt Co (II) ions.
- the nickel II bis (dimethylglyoximate) complex thus formed is insoluble in aqueous solution.
- its recovery in solution requires filtration to very small filtration dimensions, or evaporation of the aqueous solution.
- the recovery of this complex may therefore not appear to be the best suited to large-scale chemical processes, such as effluent treatment or industrial electrochemical processes.
- the operating conditions used during these processes may not be compatible with the formation of the bis (dimethylglyoximate) complex of nickel II in solution, as described by the above reaction.
- the selective ligand of the Ni (II) ions functionalizes at least part of the monomer units. of a polymer to form the polymeric compound according to the invention.
- the Ni (II) ions can thus be complexed in the polymeric compound by the ligand.
- the polymeric compound larger in size than an organometallic complex such as nickel II bis (dimethylglyoximate), is more easily recoverable, in particular by simple filtration. Following the uptake of the Ni (II) ions in solution by the polymeric compound, the Ni (II) ions can therefore be removed from a solution.
- the polymeric compound for the capture of Ni (II) ions is therefore suitable for large-scale chemical processes, such as effluent treatment or industrial electrochemical processes.
- the polymer is configured so that its monomer units are suitable for being functionalized by the ligand.
- the monomer units of the polymer can comprise an unsaturation, for example for functionalization by electrophilic substitution, or a halogenated heteroatom, preferably a chlorine atom.
- the monomer units of the polymer comprise an aromatic ring.
- the polymer is in particular chosen from styrenic polymers and chloropolymers.
- the monomer units suitable for being functionalized by the ligand can preferably be chosen from styrene, chloromethylstyrene and vinyl chloride.
- the polymeric compound may be neutral, or even insoluble in a solution such as an electrolysis bath or an effluent resulting from an electrochemical process.
- the polymeric compound can be insoluble in an aqueous solution.
- the polymeric compound can therefore form a solid phase which can easily be isolated from the solution. More particularly, the polymeric compound can be in the form of strands or of powder.
- the polymeric compound being insoluble the polymeric compound can be resistant to the operating conditions of chemical processes, and in particular of electrochemical processes. The risk of degradation of the polymeric compound, during the implementation of these processes, is consequently reduced, or even avoided.
- the polymer can be a copolymer, and for example a block copolymer.
- the use of a copolymer can make it possible to modify the mechanical properties of the polymeric compound. More particularly, the glass transition temperature of the polymeric compound can be modified.
- the monomer units suitable for being functionalized by the ligand may represent more than 50%, or even more than 70%, or even more than 80%, or even more than 90% by weight of the polymer free of the ligand.
- the polymer is a homopolymer.
- the polymeric compound may be based on a crosslinked polymer.
- the crosslinking of the polymer can in particular make it possible to reduce its solubility.
- the polymer can comprise a number of monomer units between 15 and 200, more particularly between 15 and 80.
- the molar mass of the polymer free of the ligand can be between 2000 and 20,000 g / mol, more particularly between 2000 and 10,000 g / mol, and more particularly still between 1,000 and 5,000 g / mol.
- the uptake of Ni (II) ions by the polymeric compound can be improved.
- the functionalization of the monomer units by the ligand can also be facilitated. A high degree of functionalization of the monomer units by the ligand can thus be obtained, an aspect described in more detail below.
- the polymeric compound may be based on a polystyrene homopolymer obtained by radical polymerization, rather than a commercial polystyrene.
- Radical polymerization makes it possible to adjust the length of the polymer chains, and to obtain a polystyrene with a molar mass less than commercial polystyrenes, whose molar mass is generally greater than 35,000 g / mol.
- the degree of functionalization by the ligand on at least part of the monomer units capable of being functionalized is preferably greater than 80%.
- a high degree of functionalization by the ligand makes it possible to increase the quantity of ligand capable of capturing Ni (II) ions, or even other metal ions.
- the Ni (II) ion capture capacity of the polymeric compound is increased.
- the limiting capacity for capturing Ni (II) ions is pushed back.
- a large volume of solution can be treated with the polymeric compound.
- the capture of Ni (II) ions from the polymeric compound can be all the more suitable for large-scale chemical processes, such as effluent treatment or industrial electrochemical processes.
- an Ni (II) ion can be complexed with two glyoxime groups.
- the ligand comprises a single glyoxime group, it is therefore preferable for the ligands to be sufficiently close in the polymeric compound.
- a high degree of functionalization increases the probability of having ligands close enough to complex Ni (II) ions.
- a possible reorganization of the polymeric compound during the complexation of Ni (II) ions can be limited by the proximity of the ligands, and thus increase the affinity of the polymeric compound for Ni (II) ions. This stronger affinity can thus make it possible to capture Ni (II) ions in solutions at even lower concentrations of Ni (II) ions.
- the ligand can comprise at least two glyoxime groups.
- the glyoxime groups can thus be sufficiently close to complex an Ni (II) ion within the same ligand. The possible reorganization of the polymeric compound is thus minimized, which further increases the affinity of the polymeric compound for the Ni (II) ions.
- the glyoxime groups linked together, preferably functionalize the monomer unit by a single covalent bond, for example as illustrated by formulas (II) and (III) below, or a single alkyl group or alkylene, the carbon number of which may be between 1 and 4. It is considered that the distance between the ligand and the polymer has little or no influence on the affinity of the ligand for the Ni (ll ). For the feasibility of the synthesis and the overall synthesis yield, a group having a reduced number of carbons, or even a single covalent bond, is nevertheless preferred for connecting the or even the glyoxime groups and the monomer unit.
- the polymeric compound is based on an uncrosslinked polystyrene homopolymer, of which at least part of the monomer units, and preferably more than 80% of the monomer units, corresponds to one from the following formulas (I), (II) and (III):
- a first strategy consists of starting from a commercial polystyrene, preferably uncrosslinked.
- a glyoxime unit is introduced on at least part of the monomer units of the polystyrene, as illustrated by the reaction below.
- the various synthesis steps could be optimized to achieve an overall yield of 85%, from commercial polystyrene.
- a second strategy consists in introducing two glyoxime units per monomer unit of the polystyrene, in order to improve the yield of capture of the Ni (II) ions.
- the compound polymer is based on a polystyrene obtained by radical polymerization, with a molar mass of between 2000 and 5000 g / mol.
- the styrenic monomer units are functionalized with a ligand comprising a methylglyoxime group, as illustrated by formula (I) above.
- This polymeric compound is designated by the name poly (styrene-4-methylglyoxime), abbreviated as PS4MG below.
- a first functionalization step is carried out, consisting in functionalizing at least part of the styrene monomer units with a group comprising a carbonyl function.
- the polymeric compound comprising at least part of the functionalized monomer units is designated by the abbreviation PS-CO below.
- the reaction can be illustrated by the reaction below. This reaction is carried out under an argon atmosphere and follows a protocol adapted from M. Allegretti et al., J. Med. Chem., 2005, 48, 4312-4331. 9.6 mmol (10 3 mol) of polystyrene is added to 20 mL of distilled dichloromethane. The reaction medium thus formed is brought to 0 ° C. using an ice bath.
- a second step of functionalization of the PS-CO is then carried out, which can be illustrated by the reaction illustrated below.
- the polymeric compound comprising the functionalized monomer units at the end of this second step is hereinafter designated by the abbreviation PS-CO-NOH.
- This reaction follows a protocol adapted from Org. Synth. 1936, 16, 44, DOI: 10.15227 / orgsyn.016.0044.
- 6 mmol of PS-CO is added to 50 mL of distilled dimethoxyethane (abbreviated DME d).
- a bubbling of hydrogen chloride, of formula HCl, in the reaction medium is carried out by carrying out a dropwise addition of sulfuric acid, of formula H 2 S0 4, over sodium chloride, of formula NaCl.
- the reaction medium is stirred. After five minutes of stirring, 6 mmol of isoamyl nitrite is added very slowly dropwise, [so as to prevent the reaction medium from heating up.
- the HCl bubbling is left for four hours during which the mixture is left under stirring.
- the reaction medium is then precipitated from a very large volume of water.
- the solid obtained is filtered and then washed with water until the water resulting from the washing has a neutral pH.
- the solid is then dried to remove water.
- the solid is then washed in methanol and rinsed with ether.
- a white powder is obtained with a yield of 74%.
- the functionalization of PS-CO to PS-CO-NOH was verified by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy.
- a third step of functionalization of the PS-CO-NOH is then carried out in order to end up with the PS4MG. This step can be illustrated by the following reaction.
- the reaction is carried out under an argon atmosphere following a protocol adapted from A.
- the polymeric compound 1 according to the first aspect of the invention can be contained in a cartridge 2, according to a second aspect of the invention. According to one example, this cartridge is described with reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B.
- the cartridge 2 is configured to contain the polymeric compound 1.
- the cartridge can thus be placed in a solution, such as an electrolysis bath or an effluent resulting from an electrochemical process, in order to achieve the capture of the Ni (II ) by the polymeric compound 1.
- the cartridge can be removed from the bath, and can be replaced with a new cartridge.
- the cartridge can be of a plurality of shapes, rigid or not.
- the cartridge can be a non-rigid bag containing the polymeric compound.
- the cartridge is rigid and cylindrical in shape.
- At least one wall 20 of the cartridge 2 comprises openings 21 configured so as to be able to allow a fluid to circulate on either side of the wall, while maintaining the compound. polymer 1 inside the cartridge 2.
- at least one wall 20 of the cartridge 2 can be made from a grid or from a porous material, the dimensions of which allow the fluid to circulate while not not allowing the polymeric compound to pass.
- the cartridge 2 can preferably be made from a material resistant to the operating conditions of chemical processes, and in particular of electrochemical processes.
- the cartridge 2 is made of polyethylene, or of polypropylene.
- the cartridge 2 can comprise several sub-elements connected by a junction 22.
- the cartridge 2 can thus be disassembled so as to replace the polymeric compound 1.
- the junction 22 can make it possible to unscrew or unclip two sub-elements of the cartridge 2.
- the dimensions of the cartridge 2, as well as the amount of polymeric compound 1 in the cartridge 2 can be adapted depending on the size of the device in which the cartridge is intended to be used. It is understood that these parameters can in particular be adapted according to the volumes of the solutions to be treated. Also, a plurality of cartridges can, in addition or as an alternative, be implemented in the same tank. 3) Description of a Ni (II) ion capture device according to one embodiment
- the polymeric compound 1 according to the first aspect of the invention can be included in a device 3 for capturing Ni (II) ions, according to a third aspect of the invention.
- the device 3 further comprises a clean tank 30 intended to contain a solution 31.
- the solution 31 is capable of comprising Ni (II) ions.
- Solution 31 may in fact comprise Ni (II) ions, for example solution 31 is an effluent resulting from a chemical or electrochemical process involving Ni (II) ions.
- the solution 31 can be free of Ni (II) ions at first, the Ni (II) ions being able to be released in solution during a chemical or electrochemical treatment, for example during the implementation of a electrozinc treatment. More particularly, the Ni (II) ions can be obtained from the materials used in the device 3.
- the materials used in the device 3 can comprise nickel, or even a higher nickel content.
- the environmental impact of Ni (ll) ions in solution 31 is therefore minimized, or even eliminated.
- the presence of nickel in the materials used by the device 3 makes it possible to increase the life of the device 3, and to reduce its cost.
- the device can in particular comprise materials of stainless steel, based on nickel.
- the device 3, according to particular embodiments, can be illustrated by FIGS. 2 to 4.
- the polymeric compound 1 can be free in the solution 31, contained in the tank 30.
- the device 3 can further comprise a stirrer 33, configured so as to homogenize the solution 31.
- the polymeric compound can be distributed throughout the solution 31.
- the polymeric compound 1 can be distributed. contained in at least one cartridge 2 according to the second aspect of the invention, placed in the solution 31.
- the use of a cartridge makes it possible to maintain the polymeric compound 1 at a defined location in the solution 31.
- the device 3 can in besides comprising a stirrer 33, configured so as to homogenize the solution 31.
- the solution 31 can be mixed so as to promote the circulation of the solution through the cartridge 2 so that the polymeric compound 1 captures the Ni (II) ions. po owed by the flows passing through the cartridge 2.
- the device 3 can also include other elements, for example in order to implement an electrochemical process.
- the device 3 can comprise electrodes 34 connected to a current source 35.
- the device 3 can comprise a material 32, possibly connected to the current source 35.
- the device 3 can be used during the implementation of an electrogalvanizing process.
- the electrodes 34 act as anodes. Electrodes 34 can include metallic zinc. Alternatively, the electrodes 34 can be zinc-free and Zn (II) ions are included in the solution 31.
- the material 32 can be connected to the current source 35 directly or through other materials or dies. other elements, and acts as a cathode.
- the polymeric compound 1 according to the first aspect of the invention can be used in a method 4 for capturing Ni (II) ions, according to a fourth aspect of the invention.
- the method 4 according to one embodiment is described in FIG. 5, where variants of the method are indicated by paths in parallel and optional steps are indicated by dotted lines.
- the method 4 comprises a step of supplying 40, in a tank 30, a solution 31 capable of comprising Ni (II) ions.
- the polymeric compound 1 is supplied in the tank 30. Provision can be made for the relative order of these two steps to be able to be reversed.
- the solution 31 can comprise Ni (II) ions, for example, the solution 31 results from an electrochemical treatment process, or a solution suitable for implementing a chemical or electrochemical treatment during which can be released Ni (II) ions.
- the Ni (II) ions can come from the tank 30.
- the Ni (II) ions being captured by the polymeric compound 1, the environmental impact of the solution is limited, or even eliminated, in particular as regards the toxicity. of the element nickel.
- the capture of Ni (II) ions can thus be carried out at low concentrations of Ni (II) ions, more particularly at concentrations of less than 20 mg / mL.
- the method 4 can also comprise a step of mixing the solution 31 in order to promote the capture of the Ni (II) ions.
- the polymeric compound 1 can be supplied 41 to the tank 30 so as to be free in the solution 31.
- the polymeric compound 1 can thus be removed 45 by filtration from the solution 31.
- the Ni (II) ions captured are removed from solution 31.
- Polymeric compound 1 can be supplied 41 to vessel 30 through at least one cartridge 2, according to the second aspect of the invention.
- the polymeric compound 1, as well as the Ni (II) ions captured, can thus be easily removed by removing the cartridge 2 from the solution 31.
- a new cartridge 2, or even the same cartridge 2 comprising a renewed polymeric compound 1 can then be removed. be supplied 41 to the tank 30.
- the method 4 can comprise a step 42 of immersing at least part of a material 32, in the solution 31, in order to treat this material by a chemical or electrochemical process.
- the material 32 may comprise metallic components based on nickel, or even the material 32 may comprise metallic components based on a mixture of metals comprising nickel.
- the method may include a step of dissolving at least part of this material, and more particularly at least part of its metallic components, for example for recycling purposes. During this dissolution, Ni (II) ions, or even a plurality of metal ions, including Ni (II) ions, are released in solution.
- the Ni (II) ions selectively captured by the polymeric compound can thus be removed from solution 31, and recovered, for example, for their upgrading.
- Ni (II) ions can separate Ni (II) ions from other metal ions of similar chemical properties. These metal ions, not captured by the polymeric compound 1, can then be recovered for their recovery.
- method 4 can make it possible to avoid the addition of a plurality of reagents, or even to avoid a succession of steps, aimed at separating these ions from the Ni (II) ions. As a result, the impact on the environment as well as the cost of recycling the material 32 can be minimized.
- method 4 can be implemented for recycling metal battery components. These metallic components include cobalt and nickel. Since these two metals have very similar chemical properties, it is difficult to separate them.
- cobalt and nickel can be dissolved in their respective form of Co (II) and Ni (II) ions.
- the selective capture of the Ni (II) ions by the polymeric compound 1 makes it possible to separate the Ni (II) ions from the Co (II) ions, for example for their respective upgrading.
- the method 4 can be implemented for the electrochemical treatment of the material 32 immersed at least in part in the solution 31. More particularly, the method 4 can comprise a step of treatment by electrogalvanization 43 of the material 32.
- solution 31 is aqueous and comprises metallic salts, for example zinc ions Zn 2+ or equivalent Zn (II), sodium ions Na + , and non-metallic salts. The nature of the salts may depend on the intended application and the desired properties of the coating.
- the method 4 can bring into play a device 3, which can include at least one electrode 34 connected to a current source 35, playing the role of anode.
- the material 32 can act as a cathode. Zn (II) ions are therefore reduced on material 32 so as to deposit metallic zinc.
- the electrogalvanizing treatment 43 can be carried out according to different variants, the choice of which depends on the type of product treated.
- Three main treatment families are in particular envisaged: bulk treatment (called “barrel” treatment) intended for small and medium-sized parts not afraid of shocks; unitary treatment (called “attached” or “dead bath”) dedicated to parts of larger dimensions, fragile or requiring a deposit appearance with the least possible defect; continuous treatment (known as "in process” or “at high speed”) reserved mainly for sheets, tubes or wires.
- an application of PS4MG in an electrogalvanizing process is detailed, and compared to alternative strategies used to delay the induction period.
- these strategies consist in using surfactants or inhibitors of the hydrogen production reaction such as potassium sulphate.
- electrogalvanization is carried out at 1000 A / m 2 for 4 hours in a solution 31 of 50 g / L of Zn (II) and 200 g / L of sulfuric acid. 5 mg / L of nickel sulphate are added to solution 31. Without the addition of a surfactant or potassium sulphate, the deposition of zinc is impossible beyond three hours. The induction period is therefore three hours under these conditions.
- potassium sulphate With an addition of potassium sulphate at 10 g / L or of surfactant at 40 mg / L, the faradic yield is estimated between 80 and 85% after three hours of deposition. The addition of these additives results in an induction period of four hours. For a nickel sulphate concentration of 20 mg / L, however, zinc deposition is impossible. The combination of potassium sulfate and the surfactant is also ineffective in countering the dissolution of the deposited zinc after the induction period. Potassium sulphate or a surfactant could therefore be qualified as induction-retardant additives because beyond a certain concentration of nickel sulphate or a certain duration of deposition, they are no longer effective. In a solution 31, comprising 50g / L of Zn (ll), 200g / L of sulfuric acid, and
- the PS4MG is introduced in large excess. Without the polymeric compound, in 4 hours of deposition at 1000 A / m 2 , induction should be reached and no deposition would be possible.
- the complexation of the Ni (II) ions by the polymeric compound was verified from a solution of Ni (II) ions, formed by dissolving nickel (II) sulfate and / or of nickel (II) nitrate at a concentration of 0.1 mol.L 1 .
- the PS4MG polymer described above is added to the solution in excess with respect to the concentration of Ni (II) ions.
- the monitoring of the complexation of the Ni (II) ions by the PS4MG is carried out by UV-visible spectrophotometry, at a wavelength of 390 nm.
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1913653A FR3103814B1 (fr) | 2019-12-03 | 2019-12-03 | Composé polymérique, cartouche, dispositif et procédé pour la captation des ions Ni(II) |
| PCT/EP2020/084439 WO2021110822A1 (fr) | 2019-12-03 | 2020-12-03 | Composé polymérique, cartouche, dispositif et procédé pour la captation des ions ni(ii) |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4069756A1 true EP4069756A1 (fr) | 2022-10-12 |
Family
ID=69700118
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20816200.8A Withdrawn EP4069756A1 (fr) | 2019-12-03 | 2020-12-03 | Composé polymérique, cartouche, dispositif et procédé pour la captation des ions ni(ii) |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230015254A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4069756A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3103814B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021110822A1 (fr) |
-
2019
- 2019-12-03 FR FR1913653A patent/FR3103814B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-12-03 EP EP20816200.8A patent/EP4069756A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-12-03 WO PCT/EP2020/084439 patent/WO2021110822A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2020-12-03 US US17/782,024 patent/US20230015254A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021110822A1 (fr) | 2021-06-10 |
| US20230015254A1 (en) | 2023-01-19 |
| FR3103814B1 (fr) | 2022-06-10 |
| FR3103814A1 (fr) | 2021-06-04 |
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