EP4066338A1 - Installation comprising a stored energy source and an electric motor which can be fed by an inverter, and method for operating an installation - Google Patents

Installation comprising a stored energy source and an electric motor which can be fed by an inverter, and method for operating an installation

Info

Publication number
EP4066338A1
EP4066338A1 EP20803746.5A EP20803746A EP4066338A1 EP 4066338 A1 EP4066338 A1 EP 4066338A1 EP 20803746 A EP20803746 A EP 20803746A EP 4066338 A1 EP4066338 A1 EP 4066338A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
contact
fuse
inverter
controllable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20803746.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dominik HECHT
Hubert HEINE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEW Eurodrive GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
SEW Eurodrive GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SEW Eurodrive GmbH and Co KG filed Critical SEW Eurodrive GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP4066338A1 publication Critical patent/EP4066338A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H02H7/1225—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to internal faults, e.g. shoot-through
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/05—Details with means for increasing reliability, e.g. redundancy arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H02H7/1222—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to abnormalities in the input circuit, e.g. transients in the DC input
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system with an energy store and an electric motor that can be fed by an inverter, and to a method for operating a system.
  • an inverter can be fed from an energy store that is connected to the DC voltage-side connection of an inverter.
  • Capacitors or accumulators are generally known as energy stores.
  • a device for protecting an electrical line is known from DE 102013012 578 A1.
  • a power distribution unit and an energy management for an electric car are known from US 2019/0 140245 A1.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of developing the safety in systems with an inverter.
  • the object is achieved in the system according to the features specified in claim 1 or 2 and in the method according to the features specified in claim 10.
  • the energy store forms an electrical series circuit with a first fuse and one or more further fuses, wherein a controllable contact, in particular switch, in particular contactor, is connected in parallel to the further fuse or a respective controllable contact, in particular switch, in particular contactor, is connected in parallel to each of the further fuses, a means for detecting the voltage applied to the series circuit with a Control electronics is connected, which generates a control signal for the contact or which control signals for the controllable contacts, in particular wherein the respective contact is opened when the voltage falls below a respective voltage threshold value.
  • the advantage here is that, depending on the voltage, a different fuse ensures protection. It is thus advantageously taken into account that the internal resistance of the energy store limits the maximum possible short-circuit current at lower voltages to a lower value than at higher voltages. The safety and protection are thus improved because the first fuse is unable to detect a short-circuit current in a voltage range below the first threshold value, that is to say the voltage threshold value, and therefore cannot trigger it either.
  • the fuses are preferably of the same design, so that the characteristics of different fuses do not intersect, the characteristics each representing the tripping current as a function of the duration of the application of the current.
  • the system is provided with an energy store and an electric motor that can be fed by an inverter, the energy store forming an electrical series circuit with a first fuse and one or more further fuses, the further fuse being a controllable contact, in particular a switch, in particular a contactor, is connected in parallel or a respective controllable contact, in particular a switch, in particular a contactor, is connected in parallel to the other fuses, wherein the series circuit feeds the DC voltage-side connection of the inverter, with a means for detecting the voltage applied to the series circuit being connected to control electronics which generate a control signal for the contact or which control signals for the controllable contacts, in particular whereby the respective contact is opened, when the voltage falls below a respective voltage threshold value.
  • the advantage here is that, depending on the voltage, a different fuse ensures protection, for example by a short circuit in the power electronics of the inverter or at one of the connections of the inverter. It is thus advantageously taken into account that the internal resistance of the energy store limits the maximum possible short-circuit current at lower voltages to a lower value than at higher voltages. The safety and the protection are thus improved, since the first fuse is not able to detect a short-circuit current in a voltage range below the first threshold value, that is to say the voltage threshold value, and is therefore also not triggered.
  • the fuses are preferably of the same design, so that the characteristics of different fuses do not intersect, the characteristics each representing the tripping current as a function of the duration of the application of the current.
  • control electronics have a comparison means which compares the voltage with one or more threshold values and generates a respective control signal dependent on the result of the comparison for controlling the controllable contact or the respective controllable contacts.
  • a comparison means which compares the voltage with one or more threshold values and generates a respective control signal dependent on the result of the comparison for controlling the controllable contact or the respective controllable contacts.
  • the minimum trip current of the first fuse is greater, in particular at least five times or at least twice greater than the minimum trip current of the fuse connected in parallel to the further contact, in particular its minimum trip current is greater, in particular at least five times or at least twice greater, than the minimum trip current of the fuses connected in parallel to other contacts.
  • control electronics are fed from a supply voltage, in particular if the contact or all contacts are opened if the voltage fails.
  • a supply voltage can be used in a simple manner in order to achieve safety independently of the voltage applied to the energy store.
  • a 24 volt voltage can preferably be used as the supply voltage.
  • the energy store has a double-layer capacitor or is designed as a double-layer capacitor, in particular with the double-layer capacitor being designed as an ultracap.
  • the advantage here is that an inexpensive production of the energy store and a large capacity can be produced in a simple manner.
  • the respective fuse is designed as a semiconductor fuse.
  • the advantage here is that the fuse can be used several times and thus costs are reduced.
  • control electronics also function as signal electronics of the inverter, the control electronics being pulse-width-modulated control signals generated, which controllable semiconductor switches are supplied, which are arranged in half-bridges connected in parallel and thus the AC voltage feeding the motor can be made available at the AC voltage-side connection of the inverter.
  • control electronics being pulse-width-modulated control signals generated, which controllable semiconductor switches are supplied, which are arranged in half-bridges connected in parallel and thus the AC voltage feeding the motor can be made available at the AC voltage-side connection of the inverter.
  • the electric motor is operated as a motor or generator, with the contact or contacts being opened in motor operation depending on the voltage detected at the DC connection of the inverter, and in generator operation the motor current at the AC-side connection of the inverter and the value of the voltage present at the DC-side connection of the inverter at a time t + ⁇ t in the future based on the current time t with a time interval ⁇ t is determined, in particular is calculated in advance and depending on this certain voltage of the contact or the contacts are controlled, in particular closed.
  • the time span equals or exceeds the response time of a respective controllable contact.
  • the voltage currently detected that is to say at time t
  • the capacity of the energy store are also taken into account.
  • the advantage here is that the current generated by the generator and the voltage at the DC voltage-side connection of the inverter are recorded and the generator power can be determined from this. Assuming that this power is also constant up to time t + ⁇ t, then, taking into account the capacity of the energy store and the current, i.e. at time t, am
  • the voltage present in the energy store can then be calculated in advance and the contacts can be controlled accordingly to ensure optimal safety.
  • FIG. 1 A system according to the invention with an energy store 1 and an electric motor M which can be fed by an inverter 2 is schematically sketched in FIG.
  • FIG. 2 shows the characteristics of the tripping current as a function of the duration of the occurrence of this tripping current.
  • the energy store 1 has a voltage between 0 volts and a maximum value, for example 800 volts, depending on its state of charge.
  • the energy store is preferably formed from double-layer capacitors, in particular ultracap.
  • the energy store has electrochemically operating energy storage cells, so in particular it has accumulator cells or battery cells.
  • An inverter 2 which feeds an electric motor M, is supplied from the energy store 1.
  • the voltage V occurring at the DC connection of the inverter 2 is detected and a controllable contact K1, in particular a contactor, in particular a relay, is controlled as a function of the detected value of the voltage V.
  • a second fuse F2 connected in series with a first fuse F1 can be bridged by means of the contact K1.
  • the energy store 1 and the two fuses (F1, F2) are connected to one another in series, with the connection on the DC voltage side of the inverter 2 being fed from the series connection formed in this way.
  • the energy store 1 For service purposes or for repairs, the energy store 1 must be discharged so that the energy store 1 is not at risk.
  • the first fuse F1 is designed in such a way that it has a higher, in particular at least five times or at least twice higher, minimum tripping current than the second fuse F2.
  • the minimum tripping current of the first fuse F1 is approximately 300 amperes and the minimum tripping current of the second fuse F2 is approximately 50 amperes.
  • the first threshold value is 260 volts.
  • the second threshold value is, for example, 24 volts.
  • the voltage at the connection on the DC voltage side of the inverter 2 is detected and compared at least with the first threshold value, in particular by a comparison means comprised by the inverter 2. If the voltage is lower than the first threshold value, the comparison means generates a control signal which causes the opening of the first contact K1.
  • the internal resistance of the energy store 1 causes smaller currents below the minimum tripping current of the first fuse F1 at these lower voltages; However, at these lower voltages, which are below the first threshold value, the contact K1 is opened, so that the second fuse F2 is effective and in the event of a fault, in particular a short circuit on the inverter side, the minimum tripping current of the second fuse F2 can be achieved.
  • the internal resistance of the energy store 1 is up to 120 milli-ohms, for example.
  • the respective fuse (F1, F2) triggers at the respective minimum tripping current if this occurs continuously, in particular for more than two or ten minutes. A faster triggering can only be brought about by a stronger current.
  • the fuse F1 is preferably designed as a semiconductor fuse and the fuse F2 as a full-range fuse.
  • the control electronics of the inverter 2 are designed in such a way that no current is supplied to the electric motor M below the first threshold value and / or no torque can be built up by the electric motor below the first threshold value.
  • below the threshold value from the voltage V applied to the voltage V on the equipotential side, only a supply of electrical devices arranged in a control cabinet comprising the inverter 2 is carried out and the electronics required for charging or discharging the energy store 2, in particular a charger, are supplied.
  • the control of the contactor can be carried out by means of control electronics, which are arranged in the switch cabinet separately from the inverter 2 or integrated in the inverter 2.
  • the control electronics are preferably also supplied from a 24 volt voltage. If, however, the supply of the control electronics fails, the contact K1 is de-energized and thus drops out, in particular it opens. In this way, the second fuse with the smallest minimum tripping current is then active and disconnects the energy store 2 when the minimum tripping current of this fuse F2 is exceeded.
  • a safety-related status detection is provided for contact K1, in that an auxiliary contact is provided. This prevents the fuse F1 from being overloaded in the event of a fault. In this case, the electric motor is switched off by the control electronics.
  • fuse F2 can then also be implemented as a semiconductor fuse.
  • both fuses F1 and F2 can then be implemented as semiconductor fuses.
  • the auxiliary contact at contact K1 is also advantageous because sticking of contact K1, in particular the contactor contact, can thus be seen.
  • the series circuit has not only the first fuse F1 and the second fuse F2, to which the first contact K1 is connected in parallel, but also a third or further fuses, each of which has a respective further contact connected in parallel.
  • a respective contact can thus be opened for a respective voltage range.
  • a fuse against a respective minimum tripping current can therefore be provided in the respective voltage range.
  • the contacts are controlled either by control electronics of the inverter 2 or by separate control electronics arranged in the switchgear cabinet that encompasses the inverter.
  • control electronics mentioned here are only designed as signal electronics and thus only carry harmless voltages, in particular voltages that are smaller than the second threshold value.

Abstract

The invention relates to an installation comprising a stored energy source and an electric motor which can be fed by an inverter, and to a method for operating an installation, wherein the stored energy source forms an electrical series circuit with a first fuse and one or more further fuses, wherein a controllable contact, in particular a switch, in particular a contactor, is connected in parallel with the further fuse, or an associated controllable contact, in particular a switch, in particular a contactor, is connected in parallel with the further fuses, wherein the series circuit feeds the DC voltage-side connection of the inverter, wherein a means for detecting the voltage applied to the series circuit is connected to control electronics which generate a drive signal for the contact or which generate drive signals for the controllable contacts, in particular wherein said contact is opened when the voltage falls below an associated voltage threshold value.

Description

Anlage mit Energiespeicher und von einem Wechselrichter speisbarem Elektromotor und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Anlage System with energy storage and an electric motor that can be fed by an inverter, and a method for operating a system
Beschreibung: Description:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage mit Energiespeicher und von einem Wechselrichter speisbarem Elektromotor und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Anlage. The invention relates to a system with an energy store and an electric motor that can be fed by an inverter, and to a method for operating a system.
Es ist allgemein bekannt, dass ein Wechselrichter aus einem Energiespeicher, der am gleichspannungsseitigen Anschluss eines Wechselrichters angeschlossen ist, speisbar ist. Als Energiespeicher sind allgemein Kondensatoren oder Akkumulatoren bekannt. It is generally known that an inverter can be fed from an energy store that is connected to the DC voltage-side connection of an inverter. Capacitors or accumulators are generally known as energy stores.
Außerdem ist bekannt, dass Sicherungen bei Überschreiten eines Auslösestroms ausgelöst werden. It is also known that fuses are triggered when a tripping current is exceeded.
Aus der DE 102013012 578 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Absichern einer elektrischen Leitung bekannt. A device for protecting an electrical line is known from DE 102013012 578 A1.
Aus der US 2019 / 0 140245 A1 ist eine Leistungsverteilungseinheit und ein Energiemanagment für ein Elektroauto bekannt. A power distribution unit and an energy management for an electric car are known from US 2019/0 140245 A1.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Sicherheit bei Anlagen mit Wechselrichter weiterzubilden. The invention is therefore based on the object of developing the safety in systems with an inverter.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe bei der Anlage nach den in Anspruch 1 oder 2 und bei dem Verfahren nach den in Anspruch 10 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst. According to the invention, the object is achieved in the system according to the features specified in claim 1 or 2 and in the method according to the features specified in claim 10.
Wichtige Merkmale der Erfindung bei der Anlage mit Energiespeicher sind, dass der Energiespeicher mit einer ersten Sicherung und einer oder mehreren weiteren Sicherungen eine elektrische Reihenschaltung bildet, wobei der weiteren Sicherung ein steuerbarer Kontakt, insbesondere Schalter, insbesondere Schütz, parallel zugeschaltet ist oder den weiteren Sicherungen jeweils ein jeweiliger steuerbarer Kontakt, insbesondere Schalter, insbesondere Schütz, parallel zugeschaltet ist, wobei ein Mittel zur Erfassung der an der Reihenschaltung anliegenden Spannung mit einer Steuerelektronik verbunden ist, welche ein Ansteuersignal für den Kontakt oder welche Ansteuersignale für die steuerbaren Kontakte erzeugt, insbesondere wobei der jeweilige Kontakt geöffnet wird, wenn die Spannung einen jeweiligen Spannungsschwellwert unterschreitet. Important features of the invention in the case of the system with an energy store are that the energy store forms an electrical series circuit with a first fuse and one or more further fuses, wherein a controllable contact, in particular switch, in particular contactor, is connected in parallel to the further fuse or a respective controllable contact, in particular switch, in particular contactor, is connected in parallel to each of the further fuses, a means for detecting the voltage applied to the series circuit with a Control electronics is connected, which generates a control signal for the contact or which control signals for the controllable contacts, in particular wherein the respective contact is opened when the voltage falls below a respective voltage threshold value.
Von Vorteil ist dabei, dass spannungsabhängig eine jeweils andere Sicherung den Schutz gewährleistet. Somit ist vorteilig berücksichtigt, dass der Innenwiderstand des Energiespeichers den maximal möglichen Kurzschlussstrom bei kleineren Spannungen auf einen niedrigeren Wert begrenzt als bei höheren Spannungen. Die Sicherheit und der Schutz ist somit verbessert, da die erste Sicherung in einem Spannungsbereich unterhalb des ersten Schwellwertes, also Spannungsschwellwerts, keinen Kurzschlussstrom zu erkennen vermag und daher auch nicht auslöst. The advantage here is that, depending on the voltage, a different fuse ensures protection. It is thus advantageously taken into account that the internal resistance of the energy store limits the maximum possible short-circuit current at lower voltages to a lower value than at higher voltages. The safety and protection are thus improved because the first fuse is unable to detect a short-circuit current in a voltage range below the first threshold value, that is to say the voltage threshold value, and therefore cannot trigger it either.
Vorzugsweise sind die Sicherungen von gleicher Bauart, so dass die Kennlinien unterschiedlicher Sicherungen sich nicht schneiden, wobei die Kennlinien jeweils den Auslösestrom in Abhängigkeit von der Zeitdauer des Anliegens des Stroms darstellen. The fuses are preferably of the same design, so that the characteristics of different fuses do not intersect, the characteristics each representing the tripping current as a function of the duration of the application of the current.
Wichtige Merkmale bei der Anlage nach Anspruch 2 sind, dass die Anlage mit Energiespeicher und von einem Wechselrichter speisbarem Elektromotor vorgesehen ist, wobei der Energiespeicher mit einer ersten Sicherung und einerweiteren oder mehreren weiteren Sicherungen eine elektrische Reihenschaltung bildet, wobei der weiteren Sicherung ein steuerbarer Kontakt, insbesondere Schalter, insbesondere Schütz, parallel zugeschaltet ist oder den weiteren Sicherungen jeweils ein jeweiliger steuerbarer Kontakt, insbesondere Schalter, insbesondere Schütz, parallel zugeschaltet ist, wobei die Reihenschaltung den gleichspannungsseitigen Anschluss des Wechselrichters speist, wobei ein Mittel zur Erfassung der an der Reihenschaltung anliegenden Spannung mit einer Steuerelektronik verbunden ist, welche ein Ansteuersignal für den Kontakt oder welche Ansteuersignale für die steuerbaren Kontakte erzeugt, insbesondere wobei der jeweilige Kontakt geöffnet wird, wenn die Spannung einen jeweiligen Spannungsschwellwert unterschreitet. Important features of the system according to claim 2 are that the system is provided with an energy store and an electric motor that can be fed by an inverter, the energy store forming an electrical series circuit with a first fuse and one or more further fuses, the further fuse being a controllable contact, in particular a switch, in particular a contactor, is connected in parallel or a respective controllable contact, in particular a switch, in particular a contactor, is connected in parallel to the other fuses, wherein the series circuit feeds the DC voltage-side connection of the inverter, with a means for detecting the voltage applied to the series circuit being connected to control electronics which generate a control signal for the contact or which control signals for the controllable contacts, in particular whereby the respective contact is opened, when the voltage falls below a respective voltage threshold value.
Von Vorteil ist dabei, dass spannungsabhängig eine jeweils andere Sicherung den Schutz gewährleistet, beispielsweise durch Kurzschluss in der Leistungselektronik des Wechselrichters oder an einem der Anschlüsse des Wechselrichters. Somit ist vorteilig berücksichtigt, dass der Innenwiderstand des Energiespeichers den maximal möglichen Kurzschlussstrom bei kleineren Spannungen auf einen niedrigeren Wert begrenzt als bei höheren Spannungen. Die Sicherheit und der Schutz ist somit verbessert, da die erste Sicherung in einem Spannungsbereich unterhalb des ersten Schwel Iwertes, also Spannungsschwellwerts, keinen Kurzschlussstrom zu erkennen vermag und daher auch nicht auslöst. The advantage here is that, depending on the voltage, a different fuse ensures protection, for example by a short circuit in the power electronics of the inverter or at one of the connections of the inverter. It is thus advantageously taken into account that the internal resistance of the energy store limits the maximum possible short-circuit current at lower voltages to a lower value than at higher voltages. The safety and the protection are thus improved, since the first fuse is not able to detect a short-circuit current in a voltage range below the first threshold value, that is to say the voltage threshold value, and is therefore also not triggered.
Vorzugsweise sind die Sicherungen von gleicher Bauart, so dass die Kennlinien unterschiedlicher Sicherungen sich nicht schneiden, wobei die Kennlinien jeweils den Auslösestrom in Abhängigkeit von der Zeitdauer des Anliegens des Stroms darstellen. The fuses are preferably of the same design, so that the characteristics of different fuses do not intersect, the characteristics each representing the tripping current as a function of the duration of the application of the current.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist die Steuerelektronik ein Vergleichsmittel auf, welches die Spannung mit einem oder mehreren Schwellwerten vergleicht und ein vom Ergebnis des Vergleichs abhängiges jeweiliges Ansteuersignal zum Ansteuern des steuerbaren Kontakts oder der jeweiligen steuerbaren Kontakte erzeugt. Von Vorteil ist dabei, dass als Vergleichsmittel auch eine analoge Schaltung einsetzbar ist und somit eine sehr schnelle Reaktion bei Unterschreiten des Schwellwerts erreichbar ist. Vorzugsweise wird beim Absinken der Spannung deren Wert oder Verlauf für eine Zeitspanne vorausberechnet, welche der Reaktionszeit des Ansteuerns des Kontakts gleicht oder diese übertrifft. Somit ist im motorischen Betrieb ein Vorausberechnen der Spannung vorteilhaft. Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist der Mindestauslösestrom der ersten Sicherung größer, insbesondere mindestens fünfmal oder mindestens zweimal größer, als der Mindestauslösestrom der dem weiteren Kontakt parallel zugeschalteten Sicherung, insbesondere deren Mindestauslösestrom größer, insbesondere mindestens fünfmal oder mindestens zweimal größer, ist als der Mindestauslösestrom der den weiteren Kontakten parallel zugeschalteten Sicherungen. Von Vorteil ist dabei, dass für hohe Spannungen ein Schutz erreicht ist und auch für kleinere Spannungen ein ausreichender Schutz erreicht ist, der von der ersten Sicherung nicht gewährleistbar ist. Somit ist in verschiedenen In an advantageous embodiment, the control electronics have a comparison means which compares the voltage with one or more threshold values and generates a respective control signal dependent on the result of the comparison for controlling the controllable contact or the respective controllable contacts. The advantage here is that an analog circuit can also be used as the comparison means and thus a very fast reaction can be achieved if the value falls below the threshold value. When the voltage drops, its value or course is preferably calculated in advance for a period of time which equals or exceeds the response time for activating the contact. It is therefore advantageous to calculate the voltage in advance in motor operation. In an advantageous embodiment, the minimum trip current of the first fuse is greater, in particular at least five times or at least twice greater than the minimum trip current of the fuse connected in parallel to the further contact, in particular its minimum trip current is greater, in particular at least five times or at least twice greater, than the minimum trip current of the fuses connected in parallel to other contacts. The advantage here is that protection is achieved for high voltages and adequate protection is also achieved for lower voltages, which cannot be guaranteed by the first fuse. Thus it is in different
Spannungsbereichen jeweils eine unterschiedliche Spannung aktiv, um den Schutz zu erzeugen. Voltage areas each have a different voltage active in order to generate the protection.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird die Steuerelektronik aus einer Versorgungsspannung gespeist, insbesondere bei deren Ausfall der Kontakt oder alle Kontakte geöffnet werden. Von Vorteil ist dabei, dass eine Versorgungsspannung in einfacher Weise verwendbar ist, um die Sicherheit unabhängig von der am Energiespeicher anliegenden Spannung zu erreichen. Als Versorgungsspannung ist vorzugsweise eine 24 Volt Spannung verwendbar. In an advantageous embodiment, the control electronics are fed from a supply voltage, in particular if the contact or all contacts are opened if the voltage fails. The advantage here is that a supply voltage can be used in a simple manner in order to achieve safety independently of the voltage applied to the energy store. A 24 volt voltage can preferably be used as the supply voltage.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist der Energiespeicher einen Doppelschichtkondensator aufweist oder als Doppelschichtkondensator ausgeführt, insbesondere wobei der Doppelschichtkondensator als Ultracap ausgeführt ist. Von Vorteil ist dabei, dass eine kostengünstige Herstellung des Energiespeichers und eine große Kapazität in einfacher Weise herstellbar sind. In an advantageous embodiment, the energy store has a double-layer capacitor or is designed as a double-layer capacitor, in particular with the double-layer capacitor being designed as an ultracap. The advantage here is that an inexpensive production of the energy store and a large capacity can be produced in a simple manner.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist die jeweilige Sicherung jeweils als Halbleitersicherung ausgeführt. Von Vorteil ist dabei, dass die Sicherung mehrfach verwendbar ist und somit Kosten verringert sind. In an advantageous embodiment, the respective fuse is designed as a semiconductor fuse. The advantage here is that the fuse can be used several times and thus costs are reduced.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung fungiert die Steuerelektronik auch als Signalelektronik des Wechselrichters, wobei die Steuerelektronik pulsweitenmodulierte Ansteuersignale erzeugt, welche steuerbaren Halbleiterschaltern zugeführt werden, die in einander parallel geschalteten Halbbrücken angeordnet sind und somit am wechselspannungsseitigen Anschluss des Wechselrichters die den Motor speisende Wechselspannung bereitstellbar ist. Von Vorteil ist dabei, dass die sowieso vorhandene Signalelektronik des Wechselrichters für die Verbesserung der Sicherheit mittels der Verwendung unterschiedlicher Sicherungen verwendbar ist. In an advantageous embodiment, the control electronics also function as signal electronics of the inverter, the control electronics being pulse-width-modulated control signals generated, which controllable semiconductor switches are supplied, which are arranged in half-bridges connected in parallel and thus the AC voltage feeding the motor can be made available at the AC voltage-side connection of the inverter. The advantage here is that the signal electronics of the inverter that are already present can be used to improve safety by using different fuses.
Wichtige Merkmale der Erfindung bei dem Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Anlage sind, dass der Elektromotor motorisch oder generatorisch betrieben wird, wobei bei motorischem Betrieb abhängig von der am gleichspannungsseitigen Anschluss des Wechselrichters erfassten Spannung der Kontakt oder die Kontakte geöffnet werden, und bei generatorischem Betrieb der Motorstrom am wechselspannungsseitigen Anschluss des Wechselrichters erfasst wird und der Wert der am gleichspannungsseitigen Anschluss des Wechselrichters anliegenden Spannung zu einem bezogen auf den jeweils aktuellen Zeitpunkt t mit einem Zeitabstand Ät in der Zukunft liegenden Zeitpunkt t + Ät bestimmt wird, insbesondere vorausberechnet wird und abhängig von dieser so bestimmten Spannung der Kontakt oder die Kontakte angesteuert, insbesondere geschlossen, werden. Important features of the invention in the method for operating a system are that the electric motor is operated as a motor or generator, with the contact or contacts being opened in motor operation depending on the voltage detected at the DC connection of the inverter, and in generator operation the motor current at the AC-side connection of the inverter and the value of the voltage present at the DC-side connection of the inverter at a time t + Ät in the future based on the current time t with a time interval Ät is determined, in particular is calculated in advance and depending on this certain voltage of the contact or the contacts are controlled, in particular closed.
Von Vorteil ist dabei, dass die Sicherheit und der durch die unterschiedlichen Sicherungen bewirkte Schutz zeitnah bereitstellbar ist. The advantage here is that the security and the protection brought about by the various safeguards can be provided promptly.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung gleicht die Zeitspanne der Reaktionszeit eines jeweiligen steuerbaren Kontakts oder übertrifft diese. Von Vorteil ist dabei, dass somit vorausschauend die Sicherheit gewährleistbar ist und angepasst an die zu erwartende Spannung verbessert bereitstellbar ist. In an advantageous embodiment, the time span equals or exceeds the response time of a respective controllable contact. The advantage here is that the security can thus be ensured in a forward-looking manner and can be provided in an improved manner adapted to the voltage to be expected.
Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird bei der Bestimmung der zum Zeitpunkt t + Ät erwarteten Spannung auch die aktuell, also zum Zeitpunkt t, erfasste Spannung und die Kapazität des Energiespeichers berücksichtigt. Von Vorteil ist dabei, dass der generatorisch erzeugte Strom und die Spannung am gleichspannungsseitigen Anschluss des Wechselrichters erfasst werden und daraus die generatorische Leistung bestimmbar ist. Unter der Annahme, dass diese Leistung auch bis zum Zeitpunkt t + Ät konstant ist, wird dann unter Berücksichtigung der Kapazität des Energiespeichers und der aktuell, also zum Zeitpunkt t, am Energiespeicher anliegenden Spannung ist dann die zukünftig anliegende Spannung vorausberechenbar und das Steuern der Kontakte entsprechend ausführbar zur Gewährleistung einer optimalen Sicherheit. Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die Merkmalskombination der Ansprüche beschränkt. Für den Fachmann ergeben sich weitere sinnvolle Kombinationsmöglichkeiten von Ansprüchen und/oder einzelnen Anspruchsmerkmalen und/oder Merkmalen der Beschreibung und/oder der Figuren, insbesondere aus der Aufgabenstellung und/oder der sich durch Vergleich mit dem Stand der Technik stellenden Aufgabe. In an advantageous embodiment, when determining the voltage expected at time t + Ät, the voltage currently detected, that is to say at time t, and the capacity of the energy store are also taken into account. The advantage here is that the current generated by the generator and the voltage at the DC voltage-side connection of the inverter are recorded and the generator power can be determined from this. Assuming that this power is also constant up to time t + Ät, then, taking into account the capacity of the energy store and the current, i.e. at time t, am The voltage present in the energy store can then be calculated in advance and the contacts can be controlled accordingly to ensure optimal safety. Further advantages result from the subclaims. The invention is not restricted to the combination of features of the claims. For the person skilled in the art, there are further sensible possible combinations of claims and / or individual claim features and / or features of the description and / or the figures, in particular from the task and / or the task posed by comparison with the prior art.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand von schematischen Abbildungen näher erläutert: The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to schematic figures:
In der Figur 1 ist eine erfindungsgemäße Anlage mit Energiespeicher 1 und von einem Wechselrichter 2 speisbarem Elektromotor M schematisch skizziert. A system according to the invention with an energy store 1 and an electric motor M which can be fed by an inverter 2 is schematically sketched in FIG.
In der Figur 2 sind die Kennlinien des Auslösestroms in Abhängigkeit von der Dauer des Auftretens dieses Auslösestroms dargestellt. FIG. 2 shows the characteristics of the tripping current as a function of the duration of the occurrence of this tripping current.
Wie in der Figur 1 gezeigt, weist der Energiespeicher 1 abhängig von seinem Ladezustand eine Spannung zwischen 0 Volt und einem Maximalwert, beispielsweise 800 Volt, auf. As shown in FIG. 1, the energy store 1 has a voltage between 0 volts and a maximum value, for example 800 volts, depending on its state of charge.
Vorzugsweise ist der Energiespeicher aus Doppelschichtkondensatoren, insbesondere Ultracap, gebildet. Alternativ oder zusätzlich weist der Energiespeicher elektrochemisch arbeitende Energiespeicherzellen auf, insbesondere weist er also als Akkumulator-Zellen oder Batterie-Zellen auf. The energy store is preferably formed from double-layer capacitors, in particular ultracap. As an alternative or in addition, the energy store has electrochemically operating energy storage cells, so in particular it has accumulator cells or battery cells.
Aus dem Energiespeicher 1 wird ein Wechselrichter 2 versorgt, der einen Elektromotor M speist. An inverter 2, which feeds an electric motor M, is supplied from the energy store 1.
Die am geichspannungsseitigen Anschluss des Wechselrichters 2 auftretende Spannung V wird erfasst und von dem erfassten Wert der Spannung V abhängig ein steuerbarer Kontakt K1, insbesondere Schütz, insbesondere Relais, angesteuert. The voltage V occurring at the DC connection of the inverter 2 is detected and a controllable contact K1, in particular a contactor, in particular a relay, is controlled as a function of the detected value of the voltage V.
Mittels des Kontakts K1 ist eine einer ersten Sicherung F1 in Reihe zugeschaltete, zweite Sicherung F2 überbrückbar. A second fuse F2 connected in series with a first fuse F1 can be bridged by means of the contact K1.
Der Energiespeicher 1 und die beiden Sicherungen (F1, F2) sind miteinander in Reihe geschaltet, wobei aus der so gebildeten Reihenschaltung der gleichspannungsseitige Anschluss des Wechselrichters 2 gespeist wird. The energy store 1 and the two fuses (F1, F2) are connected to one another in series, with the connection on the DC voltage side of the inverter 2 being fed from the series connection formed in this way.
Für Servicezwecke oder bei Reparaturen muss der Energiespeicher 1 entladen werden, damit keine Gefahr von dem Energiespeicher 1 ausgeht. Hierzu ist die erste Sicherung F1 derart ausgeführt, dass sie einen höheren, insbesondere mindestens fünfmal oder mindestens zweimal höheren, Mindestauslösestrom aufweist als die zweite Sicherung F2. For service purposes or for repairs, the energy store 1 must be discharged so that the energy store 1 is not at risk. For this purpose, the first fuse F1 is designed in such a way that it has a higher, in particular at least five times or at least twice higher, minimum tripping current than the second fuse F2.
Beispielsweise beträgt der Mindestauslösestrom der ersten Sicherung F1 ca. 300 Ampere und der Mindestauslösestrom der zweiten Sicherung F2 etwa 50 Ampere. For example, the minimum tripping current of the first fuse F1 is approximately 300 amperes and the minimum tripping current of the second fuse F2 is approximately 50 amperes.
In einem ersten Spannungsbereich, der oberhalb eines ersten Schwellwerts der Spannung V liegt, ist der Kontakt K1 geschlossen, so dass die Absicherung nur durch die erste Sicherung F1 erfolgt. In a first voltage range, which is above a first threshold value of the voltage V, the contact K1 is closed, so that protection is only provided by the first fuse F1.
Beispielhaft beträgt der erste Schwellwert 260 Volt. By way of example, the first threshold value is 260 volts.
In einem zweiten Spannungsbereich, der oberhalb eines zweiten Schwellwerts der Spannung V und unterhalb des ersten Schwellwerts der Spannung V liegt, wird der Kontakt K1 geöffnet und somit ist die zweite Sicherung F2 aktiv. In a second voltage range, which is above a second threshold value of the voltage V and below the first threshold value of the voltage V, the contact K1 is opened and the second fuse F2 is thus active.
Beispielhaft beträgt der zweite Schwellwert 24 Volt. The second threshold value is, for example, 24 volts.
Unterhalb des zweiten Schwellwerts liegt keine gefährliche Spannung vor. There is no dangerous voltage below the second threshold value.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Spannung am gleichspannungsseitigen Anschluss des Wechselrichters 2 erfasst und zumindest mit dem ersten Schwellwert verglichen, insbesondere von einem vom Wechselrichter 2 umfassten Vergleichsmittel. Liegt eine Spannung vor, die kleiner ist als der erste Schwellwert, erzeugt das Vergleichsmittel ein Steuersignal, welches das Öffnen des ersten Kontakts K1 bewirkt. According to the invention, the voltage at the connection on the DC voltage side of the inverter 2 is detected and compared at least with the first threshold value, in particular by a comparison means comprised by the inverter 2. If the voltage is lower than the first threshold value, the comparison means generates a control signal which causes the opening of the first contact K1.
Somit bewirkt der Innenwiderstand des Energiespeichers 1 bei diesen kleineren Spannungen zwar kleinere Ströme unterhalb des Mindestauslösestroms der ersten Sicherung F1; jedoch wird bei diesen kleineren Spannungen, die unterhalb des ersten Schwellwerts liegen, der Kontakt K1 geöffnet, so dass die zweite Sicherung F2 wirksam ist und bei einem Fehler, insbesondere wechselrichterseitigem Kurzschluss, der Mindestauslösestrom der zweiten Sicherung F2 sehr wohl erreichbar ist. Thus, the internal resistance of the energy store 1 causes smaller currents below the minimum tripping current of the first fuse F1 at these lower voltages; However, at these lower voltages, which are below the first threshold value, the contact K1 is opened, so that the second fuse F2 is effective and in the event of a fault, in particular a short circuit on the inverter side, the minimum tripping current of the second fuse F2 can be achieved.
Der Innenwiderstand des Energiespeichers 1 beträgt beispielsweise bis zu 120 Milli-Ohm. Wie in Figur 2 gezeigt, löst die jeweilige Sicherung (F1, F2) beim jeweiligen Mindestauslösestrom dann aus, wenn dieser dauerhaft, insbesondere also mehr als zwei oder zehn Minuten, auftritt. Ein schnelleres Auslösen ist jeweils nur durch einen stärkeren Strom bewirkbar. The internal resistance of the energy store 1 is up to 120 milli-ohms, for example. As shown in FIG. 2, the respective fuse (F1, F2) triggers at the respective minimum tripping current if this occurs continuously, in particular for more than two or ten minutes. A faster triggering can only be brought about by a stronger current.
Die Sicherung F1 ist vorzugsweise als Halbleitersicherung und die Sicherung F2 als Ganzbereichssicherung ausgeführt. The fuse F1 is preferably designed as a semiconductor fuse and the fuse F2 as a full-range fuse.
Die Steuerelektronik des Wechselrichters 2 ist derart ausgeführt, dass unterhalb des ersten Schwellwerts dem Elektromotor M kein Strom zugeführt wird und/oder unterhalb des ersten Schwellwerts vom Elektromotor kein Drehmoment aufbaubar ist. Außerdem wird unterhalb des Schwellwerts aus der am geichspannungsseitigen Spannung V anliegenden Spannung V nur eine Versorgung von in einem den Wechselrichter 2 umfassenden Schaltschrank angeordneten Elektrogeräten ausgeführt und die zum Laden oder Entladen des Energiespeichers 2 notwendige Elektronik, insbesondere Ladegerät, versorgt. The control electronics of the inverter 2 are designed in such a way that no current is supplied to the electric motor M below the first threshold value and / or no torque can be built up by the electric motor below the first threshold value. In addition, below the threshold value, from the voltage V applied to the voltage V on the equipotential side, only a supply of electrical devices arranged in a control cabinet comprising the inverter 2 is carried out and the electronics required for charging or discharging the energy store 2, in particular a charger, are supplied.
Die Ansteuerung des Schütz ist mittels einer Steuerelektronik ausführbar, welche im Schaltschrank separat zum Wechselrichter 2 oder im Wechselrichter 2 integriert angeordnet ist. Vorzugsweise liegt auch eine Versorgung der Steuerelektronik aus einer 24 Volt Spannung vor. Wenn nun aber die Versorgung der Steuerelektronik ausfällt, ist der Kontakt K1 stromlos und fällt somit ab, insbesondere öffnet er also. Auf diese Weise ist dann die zweite Sicherung mit dem kleinsten Mindestauslösestrom aktiv und trennt den Energiespeicher 2 ab, wenn der Mindestauslösestrom dieser Sicherung F2 überschritten wird. The control of the contactor can be carried out by means of control electronics, which are arranged in the switch cabinet separately from the inverter 2 or integrated in the inverter 2. The control electronics are preferably also supplied from a 24 volt voltage. If, however, the supply of the control electronics fails, the contact K1 is de-energized and thus drops out, in particular it opens. In this way, the second fuse with the smallest minimum tripping current is then active and disconnects the energy store 2 when the minimum tripping current of this fuse F2 is exceeded.
Bei weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispielen ist eine sicherheitsgerichtete Zustandserkennung beim Kontakt K1 vorgesehen, indem ein Hilfskontakt vorgesehen ist. Dadurch ist im Fehlerfall eine Überlastung der Sicherung F1 verhinderbar. Der Elektromotor wird in diesem Fehlerfall von der Steuerelektronik abgeschaltet. In further exemplary embodiments according to the invention, a safety-related status detection is provided for contact K1, in that an auxiliary contact is provided. This prevents the fuse F1 from being overloaded in the event of a fault. In this case, the electric motor is switched off by the control electronics.
Da der Schaltzustand des Kontakts K1 somit sicherheitsgerichtet und zuverlässig erkennbar ist, ist die Sicherung F2 dann auch als Halbleitersicherung ausführbar. Somit sind dann also beide Sicherungen F1 und F2 als Halbleitersicherung ausführbar. Der Hilfskontakt am Kontakt K1 ist auch deshalb vorteilhaft, weil damit ein Verkleben des Kontaktes K1, insbesondere des Schützkontaktes, erkennbar ist. Since the switching state of contact K1 can thus be recognized in a safety-related and reliable manner, fuse F2 can then also be implemented as a semiconductor fuse. Thus, both fuses F1 and F2 can then be implemented as semiconductor fuses. The auxiliary contact at contact K1 is also advantageous because sticking of contact K1, in particular the contactor contact, can thus be seen.
Bei weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispielen weist die Reihenschaltung nicht nur die erste Sicherung F1 und die zweite Sicherung F2, welcher der erste Kontakt K1 parallel zugeschaltet ist, auf, sondern auch eine dritte oder weitere Sicherungen, denen jeweils ein jeweiliger weiterer Kontakt parallel zugeschaltet ist. Somit ist für einen jeweiligen Spannungsbereich ein jeweiliger Kontakt öffenbar. Also ist im jeweiligen Spannungsbereich eine Sicherung gegen einen jeweiligen Mindestauslösestrom bereit stellbar. Die Ansteuerung der Kontakte wird dabei entweder von einer Steuerelektronik des Wechselrichters 2 ausgeführt oder von einer im den Wechselrichter umfassenden Schaltschrank angeordneten separaten Steuerelektronik. In further exemplary embodiments according to the invention, the series circuit has not only the first fuse F1 and the second fuse F2, to which the first contact K1 is connected in parallel, but also a third or further fuses, each of which has a respective further contact connected in parallel. A respective contact can thus be opened for a respective voltage range. A fuse against a respective minimum tripping current can therefore be provided in the respective voltage range. The contacts are controlled either by control electronics of the inverter 2 or by separate control electronics arranged in the switchgear cabinet that encompasses the inverter.
Die hier genannten Steuerelektroniken sind im Unterschied zur Leistungselektronik des Wechselrichters 2 nur jeweils als Signalelektronik ausgeführt und führen somit nur ungefährliche Spannungen, insbesondere Spannungen, die kleiner als der zweite Schwellwert sind. In contrast to the power electronics of the inverter 2, the control electronics mentioned here are only designed as signal electronics and thus only carry harmless voltages, in particular voltages that are smaller than the second threshold value.
Bezugszeichenliste List of reference symbols
1 Energiespeicher 2 Wechselrichter 1 energy storage 2 inverters
K1 steuerbarer Kontakt, insbesondere Schütz F1 erste Sicherung F2 zweite Sicherung K1 controllable contact, in particular contactor F1 first fuse F2 second fuse
V Spannung am geichspannungsseitigen Eingang des Wechselrichters 2 M Elektromotor V Voltage at the DC input of the inverter 2 M electric motor

Claims

Patentansprüche: Patent claims:
1. Anlage mit Energiespeicher, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Energiespeicher mit einer ersten Sicherung und einerweiteren oder mehreren weiteren Sicherungen eine elektrische Reihenschaltung bildet, wobei der weiteren Sicherung ein steuerbarer Kontakt, insbesondere Schalter, insbesondere Schütz, parallel zugeschaltet ist oder den weiteren Sicherungen jeweils ein jeweiliger steuerbarer Kontakt, insbesondere Schalter, insbesondere Schütz, parallel zugeschaltet ist, wobei ein Mittel zur Erfassung der an der Reihenschaltung anliegenden Spannung mit einer Steuerelektronik verbunden ist, welche ein Ansteuersignal für den Kontakt oder welche Ansteuersignale für die steuerbaren Kontakte erzeugt, insbesondere wobei der jeweilige Kontakt geöffnet wird, wenn die Spannung einen jeweiligen Spannungsschwellwert unterschreitet. 1. System with energy storage, characterized in that the energy storage forms an electrical series circuit with a first fuse and one or more further fuses, with the further fuse being connected in parallel with a controllable contact, in particular a switch, in particular a contactor, or one in each of the further fuses respective controllable contact, in particular switch, in particular contactor, is connected in parallel, a means for detecting the voltage applied to the series circuit being connected to control electronics which generate a control signal for the contact or which control signals for the controllable contacts, in particular where the respective Contact is opened when the voltage falls below a respective voltage threshold value.
2. Anlage mit Energiespeicher und von einem Wechselrichter speisbarem Elektromotor, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Energiespeicher mit einer ersten Sicherung und einerweiteren oder mehreren weiteren Sicherungen eine elektrische Reihenschaltung bildet, wobei der weiteren Sicherung ein steuerbarer Kontakt, insbesondere Schalter, insbesondere Schütz, parallel zugeschaltet ist oder den weiteren Sicherungen jeweils ein jeweiliger steuerbarer Kontakt, insbesondere Schalter, insbesondere Schütz, parallel zugeschaltet ist, wobei die Reihenschaltung den gleichspannungsseitigen Anschluss des Wechselrichters speist, wobei ein Mittel zur Erfassung der an der Reihenschaltung anliegenden Spannung mit einer Steuerelektronik verbunden ist, welche ein Ansteuersignal für den Kontakt oder welche Ansteuersignale für die steuerbaren Kontakte erzeugt, insbesondere wobei der jeweilige Kontakt geöffnet wird, wenn die Spannung einen jeweiligen Spannungsschwellwert unterschreitet. 2. System with an energy store and an electric motor that can be fed by an inverter, characterized in that the energy store forms an electrical series circuit with a first fuse and one or more further fuses, a controllable contact, in particular a switch, in particular a contactor, being connected in parallel to the further fuse or the further fuses each have a respective controllable contact, in particular a switch, in particular a contactor, connected in parallel, the series circuit feeding the DC voltage-side connection of the inverter, a means for detecting the voltage applied to the series circuit being connected to control electronics, which provide a control signal for the contact or which control signals are generated for the controllable contacts, in particular the respective contact being opened when the voltage falls below a respective voltage threshold value.
3. Anlage nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerelektronik ein Vergleichsmittel aufweist, welches die Spannung mit einem oder mehreren Schwellwerten vergleicht und ein vom Ergebnis des Vergleichs abhängiges jeweiliges Ansteuersignal zum Ansteuern des steuerbaren Kontakts oder der jeweiligen steuerbaren Kontakte erzeugt. 3. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control electronics have a comparison means which compares the voltage with one or more threshold values and generates a respective control signal dependent on the result of the comparison for controlling the controllable contact or the respective controllable contacts.
4. Anlage nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mindestauslösestrom der ersten Sicherung größer, insbesondere mindestens fünfmal oder mindestens zweimal größer, ist als der Mindestauslösestrom der dem weiteren Kontakt parallel zugeschalteten Sicherung, insbesondere deren Mindestauslösestrom größer, insbesondere mindestens fünfmal oder mindestens zweimal größer, ist als der Mindestauslösestrom der den weiteren Kontakten parallel zugeschalteten Sicherungen. 4. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the minimum tripping current of the first fuse is greater, in particular at least five times or at least twice greater, than the minimum tripping current of the fuse connected in parallel to the further contact, in particular its minimum tripping current is greater, in particular at least five times or at least twice greater than the minimum tripping current of the fuses connected in parallel to the other contacts.
5. Anlage nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerelektronik aus einer Versorgungsspannung gespeist wird, insbesondere bei deren Ausfall der Kontakt oder alle Kontakte geöffnet werden. 5. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control electronics are fed from a supply voltage, in particular in the event of failure of the contact or all contacts are opened.
6. Anlage nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Energiespeicher einen Doppelschichtkondensator aufweist oder als Doppelschichtkondensator ausgeführt ist, insbesondere wobei der Doppelschichtkondensator als Ultracap ausgeführt ist. 6. Installation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy store has a double-layer capacitor or is designed as a double-layer capacitor, in particular wherein the double-layer capacitor is designed as an ultracap.
7. Anlage nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die jeweilige Sicherung jeweils als Halbleitersicherung ausgeführt ist. 7. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective fuse is designed as a semiconductor fuse.
8. Anlage nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerelektronik auch als Signalelektronik des Wechselrichters fungiert, wobei die Steuerelektronik pulsweitenmodulierte Ansteuersignale erzeugt, welche steuerbaren Halbleiterschaltern zugeführt werden, die in einander parallel geschalteten Halbbrücken angeordnet sind und somit am wechselspannungsseitigen Anschluss des Wechselrichters die den Motor speisende Wechselspannung bereitstellbar ist. 8. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control electronics also act as signal electronics of the inverter, the control electronics generating pulse-width-modulated control signals which are fed to controllable semiconductor switches which are arranged in half-bridges connected in parallel and thus at the AC connection of the inverter the alternating voltage feeding the motor can be provided.
9. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Anlage nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Elektromotor motorisch oder generatorisch betrieben wird, wobei bei motorischem Betrieb abhängig von der am gleichspannungsseitigen Anschluss des Wechselrichters erfassten Spannung der Kontakt oder die Kontakte geöffnet werden, und bei generatorischem Betrieb der Motorstrom am wechselspannungsseitigen Anschluss des Wechselrichters erfasst wird und der Wert der am gleichspannungsseitigen Anschluss des Wechselrichters anliegenden Spannung zu einem bezogen auf den jeweils aktuellen Zeitpunkt t mit einem Zeitabstand Ät in der Zukunft liegenden Zeitpunkt t + Ät bestimmt wird, insbesondere vorausberechnet wird und abhängig von dieser so bestimmten Spannung der Kontakt oder die Kontakte angesteuert, insbesondere geschlossen, werden. 9. The method for operating a system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric motor is operated as a motor or a generator, with the contact or contacts being opened in motor operation depending on the voltage detected at the DC connection of the inverter, and in generator operation Operation, the motor current is detected at the AC connection of the inverter and the value of the voltage present at the DC connection of the inverter is determined at a time t + Ät in the future based on the current time t with a time interval Ät, in particular is calculated in advance and is dependent the contact or the contacts are controlled, in particular closed, by this voltage determined in this way.
10. Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zeitspanne der Reaktionszeit eines jeweiligen steuerbaren Kontakts gleicht oder diese übertrifft. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the period of time equals or exceeds the response time of a respective controllable contact.
11. Verfahren nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei der Bestimmung der zum Zeitpunkt t + Ät erwarteten Spannung auch die aktuell, also zum Zeitpunkt t, erfasste Spannung und die Kapazität des Energiespeichers berücksichtigt wird. 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when determining the voltage expected at time t + Ät, the current, ie at time t, detected voltage and the capacity of the energy store are also taken into account.
EP20803746.5A 2019-11-29 2020-11-03 Installation comprising a stored energy source and an electric motor which can be fed by an inverter, and method for operating an installation Pending EP4066338A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019008309 2019-11-29
PCT/EP2020/025485 WO2021104664A1 (en) 2019-11-29 2020-11-03 Installation comprising a stored energy source and an electric motor which can be fed by an inverter, and method for operating an installation

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EP4066338A1 true EP4066338A1 (en) 2022-10-05

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US (1) US20230031711A1 (en)
EP (1) EP4066338A1 (en)
CN (1) CN114731039A (en)
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WO (1) WO2021104664A1 (en)

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DE1033765B (en) * 1955-11-04 1958-07-10 Licentia Gmbh Arrangement for short-circuit protection with mechanical inverters
DE102013012578B4 (en) 2013-07-30 2023-10-05 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Device for securing an electrical line and method for operating a device arranged on an electrical line
JP2017061186A (en) * 2015-09-24 2017-03-30 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Hybrid vehicle
CN116742575A (en) 2017-11-08 2023-09-12 伊顿智能动力有限公司 Power distribution unit and fuse management for electric mobile applications

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CN114731039A (en) 2022-07-08
WO2021104664A1 (en) 2021-06-03
US20230031711A1 (en) 2023-02-02

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