EP4066227A1 - Kalibrierung eines trainingssystems - Google Patents
Kalibrierung eines trainingssystemsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4066227A1 EP4066227A1 EP20824448.3A EP20824448A EP4066227A1 EP 4066227 A1 EP4066227 A1 EP 4066227A1 EP 20824448 A EP20824448 A EP 20824448A EP 4066227 A1 EP4066227 A1 EP 4066227A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- controller
- coordinate
- training
- display
- calibration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
- G09B9/006—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for locating or ranging of objects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
- G09B9/02—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft
- G09B9/08—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer
- G09B9/30—Simulation of view from aircraft
- G09B9/307—Simulation of view from aircraft by helmet-mounted projector or display
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B5/00—Electrically-operated educational appliances
- G09B5/02—Electrically-operated educational appliances with visual presentation of the material to be studied, e.g. using film strip
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
- G09B9/02—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for calibrating a training system for training a crew member of a vehicle in a real training room by a fitter, wherein the fitter carries a head-mounted display device of a VR display system arranged in the field of vision of the fitter, with a signal transmitter of the VR display system is used to determine the position of the display device and the setter is shown a purely virtual environment on the display device.
- the invention also relates to a device for calibrating a training system for training a crew member of a vehicle in a real training room by a fitter. The invention is used in setting up a training system for training crew members of a particularly military vehicle.
- Such training systems are used for initial training or to refresh and further memorize processes that have already been developed when operating the vehicle.
- training concepts using virtual realities (VR) have increasingly been introduced.
- the crew member is trained with the training system in a real training room that is simply structured compared to the interior of a simulator cabin or a real vehicle.
- These training concepts can also be implemented in simple offices or barracks, for example.
- the crew member wears a display device of a VR display system that is fixed to the head and is arranged in the field of vision of the crew member, such as, for example, commercially available VR glasses.
- a purely virtual environment, which simulates the vehicle and the vehicle environment, is shown on this display device.
- AR augmented reality
- the crew member can continue to see the real training room around him through an AR display system and only parts of the real training room with artificial objects, such as. B. display displays or route information are superimposed, the wearer of the VR display system cannot see the real training room through the VR display system. Visually, the crew member therefore only perceives the purely virtual environment through the VR display system.
- the crew member can interact and move around with this purely virtual environment using an interaction device such as a mouse, keyboard, gamepad or VR controller.
- an interaction device such as a mouse, keyboard, gamepad or VR controller.
- the crew member can operate a virtual operating device located in the virtual environment.
- the virtual operating device here is a virtual replica of a vehicle operating device as it is present in the real vehicle on which the crew member is being trained.
- the position of the display device in the training room must be determined so that a perspective of the virtual environment corresponding to the position of the display device can be displayed on it.
- a signal transmitter belonging to the VR display system is used to determine the position of the display device.
- the signal transmitter can actively emit position signals or passively provide position signals.
- this training system Before the crew member can train, this training system must first be set up. In addition to the installation of components of the VR display system, such as a signal transmitter, in the training room, this also includes the calibration of the training system. With the calibration, the training system is adapted to the conditions in the training room, so that it is possible to determine the position of the display device in the training room. During this calibration, a fitter, who can be the crew member or a third party, carries the display device so that the purely virtual environment is shown to him on the display device. Perceiving the virtual environment via the display device, the setter performs the calibration.
- toggle switches of the virtual operating device are operated by aiming at the VR controller and pressing a corresponding button on the VR controller, while the vehicle operating devices of the real vehicle require the corresponding toggle switch to be lifted or pressed down with a finger . This leads to a break in the transferability of the training to real use.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a calibration method which is suitable for a training system in which no interaction device is required for the crew member to interact with the virtual environment.
- this task is achieved in that a coordinate system of a 3D sensor system for recognizing the crew member's hands during training and a coordinate system of the VR display system are calibrated to a common coordinate reference system.
- the VR display system is used to show the fitter and later the crew member the virtual environment. For this purpose, the position and location of the head-mounted display device belonging to the VR display system is determined.
- the 3D sensor system is used for position and orientation gen capture of the crew member's hands during training. This correct position and position detection of the hands enables the crew member's hands to be recognized for interaction with the virtual environment during training without using a VR controller for this purpose. In addition, by capturing the hands, the 3D sensor system can enable the hands to be displayed in the correct position and position in the virtual environment.
- a point in the training room is recognized by the 3D sensor system and the VR display system as being in the same position during training
- the coordinate system of the VR display system and the coordinate system of the 3D -Sensor system calibrated to a coordinate reference system.
- an offset between the coordinate origins of the coordinate systems and / or a different orientation of the coordinate systems in space relative to the coordinate reference system are determined and compensated for.
- the same coordinates in the coordinate reference system are assigned to each point in space recorded by the 3D sensor system, as would be assigned to it by the VR display system.
- each point in space recorded by the VR display system is assigned the same coordinates in the coordinate reference system after calibration as would be assigned to it by the 3D sensor system.
- the position of several spatial points with respect to one another is also recognized as the same by the training system after the calibration, regardless of whether the spatial points are recorded by the 3D sensor system or the VR display system.
- the above-mentioned detection or representation of the hands is correct in position and position if it correctly recognizes or reproduces the position and position of the real hands of the crew member in the training room and also relative to the crew member.
- the position of the hand is the place where the hand is relative to the crew member.
- the position can, for example, be in the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system can be specified.
- the position of the hand on the other hand, corresponds to its orientation in space, ie the spatial orientation it assumes at its position.
- the correct positional and positionally correct detection or representation also includes the hand position, for example a clenched fist, a curved hand or a flat outstretched hand with fingers spread or together.
- the positional and correct recognition or representation of the hand can also extend to the position and bearing of individual fingers of the hand, so that a curvature of individual fingers of the hand is also recognized or represented in the correct position and position.
- Such a very precise calibration of the training system is particularly important if, in addition to the virtual operating device, a real operating device is also used, which gives the crew member haptic feedback during training.
- the haptic feedback from the real operating device can be active feedback, such as vibration or pressure exerted by the operating device, as well as passive feedback, such as a tactile surface or structure that can be perceived by the crew member using his sense of touch, or a combination of active and passive feedback.
- active feedback such as vibration or pressure exerted by the operating device
- passive feedback such as a tactile surface or structure that can be perceived by the crew member using his sense of touch, or a combination of active and passive feedback.
- the VR display system and the 3D sensor system are preferably two, in particular structurally, separate systems.
- the VR display system and the 3D sensor system can be connected to a common training computer or server for data processing and / or control.
- the 3-D sensor system can be fixed in its position and / or location in the training room, that is to say fixed in its position and / or location in the training room, but still detachable in the training room.
- an active signal generator can emit position signals which can be picked up by the display device to determine the position.
- the active signal transmitter is preferably arranged in a fixed position in the training room.
- a passive signal transmitter can provide position signals in the manner of a passive position detection system for determining the position of the display device.
- the passive signal transmitter can, for example, comprise one or more position cameras, the position recordings of which are forwarded as position signals for position determination by means of image recognition or are processed by the signal transmitter.
- the position signals can be used to infer the position and location of the display device in the training room by means of image recognition, for example via an optical marking of the display device.
- the passive signal transmitter can be arranged in a fixed position in the training room and / or on the display device or can be integrated into the display device.
- the passive signal transmitter can detect the display device in the training room, in particular in a position recording.
- the passive signal transmitter can also detect a VR controller of the VR display system. Alternatively, the passive signal transmitter can detect the training room from the position of the display device.
- the coordinate system of the VR display system can be defined as a coordinate system that is fixed in particular to the training room and has an unambiguous coordinate origin.
- the display device can include sensors for determining the position in the training room, in particular a gyroscope and / or acceleration sensors.
- a transformation function can be created for the coordinate system of the VR display system and / or the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system.
- the transformation function can in particular be a transformation matrix for converting the coordinate system of the VR display system and / or the 3D sensor system into the coordinate reference system.
- a separate transformation function can be created for the coordinate system of the VR display system and the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system.
- the coordinate reference system is advantageously the coordinate system of the VR display system or the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system.
- the coordinate systems of the VR display system and the 3D sensor system are initially roughly coincident with a rough calibration.
- the position of the VR display system in particular the signal transmitter, can be specified in the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system.
- the position of the 3D sensor system can also be specified in the coordinate system of the VR display system.
- the position of the coordinate reference system can also be specified in the coordinate system of the VR display system and / or in the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system.
- the rough calibration allows a Offset between the coordinate origins of the coordinate systems of the VR display system and the 3D sensor system are roughly compensated in a first step.
- the offset between the coordinate origin of the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system and / or the coordinate origin of the coordinate system of the VR display system can be compensated relative to the coordinate reference system.
- the offset between the coordinate origins of the coordinate systems of the VR display system and the 3D sensor system can be determined with an accuracy of several centimeters.
- the coarse calibration enables the offset to be compensated for up to a deviation, ie a remaining offset between the coordinate origins of the coordinate systems of the VR display system and the 3D sensor system of a few centimeters.
- the rough calibration is carried out by stopping a VR controller of the VR display system on the 3D sensor system.
- the VR controller whose position in the training room is recorded by the VR display system in the coordinate system of the VR display system, the position of the 3D sensor system and thus also the coordinate origin of the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system in the coordinate system of the VR -Determine the display system in a simple manner.
- the position of the 3D sensor system determined in the coordinate system of the VR display system, compensation for the offset between the coordinate origins of the coordinate systems of the VR display system and the 3D sensor system can be made in a simple manner.
- the 3D sensor system can be designed in a simple manner as a 3D camera system, in particular with a depth camera and / or a color camera.
- a depth camera With a depth camera, the position and location of the crew member's hand during training can also be easily read in the depth can be recorded.
- the resolution of the depth camera is preferably below 1 mm.
- the depth camera can be a stereo-optical camera with two partial cameras offset from one another. In the case of a stereo optical camera, the depth information about the position and the location of the hand results from the difference between the images recorded by the two sub-cameras, analogous to the human visual apparatus.
- the depth camera can be a time-of-flight camera.
- the depth information about the position and location of the hand results from the transit time method, in which the time between the emission of a light pulse and the impact of the pulse reflected by the hand on a light sensor in the camera is measured.
- the time-of-flight camera can have a transmission module for emitting a light pulse and a receiving module for receiving the reflected light pulse.
- the depth camera can be a sample camera which works according to the projection method.
- the sample camera can have a transmission module, which projects different geometric patterns into the training room offset in time in the manner of a sample projector, and a reception module, in particular a partial camera.
- the receiving module can record the geometric patterns projected into the training room, which, however, are distorted by the objects in the training room, such as the hand of the crew member and the training room itself. Depth information can be obtained from these recorded distortions, which are different for each pattern.
- a colored picture of the hands can be taken with the color camera. In particular, the hands can be recognized and recorded on the basis of their color and / or the contrast to the background in the colored image.
- a combination of the depth camera and color camera allows a color assignment to each pixel of the image of the depth camera provided with depth information.
- a fine calibration is preferably carried out, in particular following the rough calibration.
- the fine calibration a smaller deviation between the coordinate origins of the coordinate systems of the VR display system and the 3D sensor system can be achieved after the offset has been compensated.
- the deviation after the fine calibration can be below 5 mm, preferably below 3 mm and particularly preferably below 1 mm.
- a transformation function already created by the rough calibration can be adapted to compensate for the offset and / or the different alignment of the coordinate systems of the VR display system and / or the 3D sensor system relative to the coordinate reference system.
- a further transformation matrix for converting the coordinate system of the VR display system and / or the 3D sensor system into the coordinate reference system can be created during the fine calibration. This further transformation matrix can be offset in a simple manner with a transformation matrix which was already created in the context of the rough calibration.
- the position of the VR controller can be recorded in the not yet conclusively, in particular only roughly, calibrated coordinate system of the 3D sensor system and / or in the not yet conclusively, in particular only roughly, calibrated coordinate system of the VR display system.
- a virtual representation of the VR controller can not be finalized in the fine calibration, in particular only roughly, in the coordinate system of the VR display system calibrated to the coordinate reference system at the coordinates of the position measured in the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system and / or the VR controller of the VR controller.
- the offset between the coordinate origins of the coordinate reference system, the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system and the coordinate system of the VR controller can be compensated so that essentially the same coordinates in the coordinate systems are assigned to each point in space.
- the fine calibration takes place iteratively, in particular using an iterative closest point algorithm.
- An iterative fine calibration made it possible to easily compensate for the offset and / or the different alignment of the coordinate systems relative to the coordinate reference system.
- the offset that still exists after the compensation in the previous iteration step ie the deviation between the coordinate origins of the coordinate systems and / or the different alignment of the coordinate systems in space relative to the coordinate reference system, can be determined and compensated. In this way, the deviation can be increasingly reduced in the iteration step.
- An iterative fine calibration can take place until a specified termination condition is reached.
- This termination condition can in particular be a lower limit value for the deviation between the coordinate origins and / or the alignments of the coordinate systems relative to the coordinate reference system, below which the calibration can be considered completed.
- An iterative closest point algorithm enables particularly simple iterative fine calibration. With an iterative closest point algorithm, the point clouds are brought into congruence as well as possible by means of rotation and translation. The point clouds are the positions of a host of spatial points in the training room, each determined in the coordinate system of the VR display system, the 3D sensor system and / or in the coordinate reference system. For the set of spatial points results its own point cloud in the coordinate system of the VR display system and / or the 3D sensor system and the coordinate reference system.
- the closest point is determined from another point cloud and the sum of the square distances over all these pairs of points is calculated. With the iterative closest point algorithm, this sum of the squared distances is then minimized in iterative steps by means of transformations.
- the position of a point in space is determined in the training room in the coordinate system of the VR display system and the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system.
- the fine calibration can be carried out in a simple manner using the position of one and the same spatial point determined in both coordinate systems.
- the positions of several points of a set of spatial points can be determined in the coordinate systems of the VR display system and the 3D sensor system.
- the determination of the positions of the points of the set of spatial points can in particular take place in a common step, so that the corresponding positions in the individual coordinate systems in an iterative process to compensate for the offset between the coordinate systems and / or a different orientation of the coordinate systems relative to the coordinate reference system can be done.
- the positions of the spatial points of the spatial point set determined in the coordinate system of the VR display system and the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system can be used as point clouds when performing the iterative closest point algorithm.
- the point in space is sampled manually to determine the position in the training room.
- the setter carries out a measurement by hand, with which rather, the position of the point in space in one or more of the coordinate systems and / or the coordinate reference system can be determined.
- the setter can use a sampling device designed in the manner of a position-determinable measuring probe. The setter can bring this sample device into contact with or overlaying the space point in order to sample the space point. If this contact or the superimposition with the point in space is established, the setter can trigger the sample device to sample the point in space, for example by pressing a button on the sample device.
- the fitter can freely choose the point in space.
- the setter can in particular be free of specifications from the training system or a calibration algorithm of the training system. It can be at the discretion of the setter for which point in the training room the position is determined.
- the fitter can, for example, easily select space points in the training room that are easily accessible to him. This can enable a simpler and faster calibration, since the setter does not have to stretch or dislocate excessively in order to reach a spatial point to be sampled, for example.
- the spatial point can be given to the fitter.
- the spatial point can be specified to the setter, for example by the training system, in particular by a calibration algorithm of the training system.
- Predefined spatial points of this type can be positioned in such a way that they enable calibration that is as effective as possible, that is to say as fast and precise as possible.
- the fitter can be given a point in the training room that is far away from the signal generator and / or the 3D sensor system.
- the fitter can, for example, be given several spatial points in the corners of the training room.
- a first controller that can be detected by the 3D sensor system, in particular with a detectable probe tip, is used.
- a first controller which can be detected by the 3D sensor system, enables the setter in a simple manner to specify positions that can be determined for the 3D sensor system in its coordinate system.
- the probe tip that can be detected by the 3D sensor system can enable a high level of precision in determining the position.
- the probe tip can be the thin end of a tapering and / or, compared to the rest of the controller, thinner extension of the controller.
- the first controller and in particular its probe tip can be used to determine the position of a point in space in the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system.
- the first controller can in particular serve as a sampling device with which spatial points in the training room can be sampled manually.
- the first controller is preferably designed as a portable device, in particular a handheld device. To enable the fitter to move freely, the first controller can have an internal power supply and / or a system for wireless communication.
- the first controller is detected by the VR display system.
- the first controller can also be used to determine a position within the training room in the coordinate system of the VR display system.
- the first controller is designed as a VR controller of the VR display system.
- the first controller can comprise sensors which, interacting with the signal transmitter, enable the position of the first controller to be determined in the coordinate system of the VR display system.
- the first controller can also or alternatively comprise sensors for determining the position in space, in particular a gyroscope and / or acceleration sensors.
- a virtual representation of the first controller is preferably shown in the display device.
- the virtual representation of the first controller can be designed in the manner of a closed polygon or in the manner of a point cloud with several points representing the position and the outline of the first controller.
- the virtual representation of the first controller takes place on the basis of the position of the first controller recorded in the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system.
- the virtual representation of the first controller takes place in the coordinate system of the VR display system to which the display device belongs, with the coordinates of the position of the first controller measured in the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system.
- the first controller in the display device can also be displayed in the virtual environment when its position is not detected by the VR display system.
- This deviation corresponds to the sum of the offset of the coordinate origin of the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system to the coordinate reference system and the offset of the coordinate origin of the coordinate system of the VR display system to the coordinate reference system and the respective different orientations of the coordinate systems of the 3D sensor system and the VR display system relative to the coordinate reference system.
- This sum of the offsets and the different alignments corresponds to the offset and the different alignment of the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system and the coordinate system of the VR display system to one another.
- the deviation between the virtual representation of the first controller in the display device and the position of the first controller in the training room relative to the display device thus corresponds to the deviation between the coordinate origins and the different alignment of the coordinate systems of the 3D sensor system and the VR display system to one another.
- a point in space is sampled with the virtual representation of the first controller, in particular the virtual representation of the probe tip.
- the virtual representation of the first controller can be brought into contact or superimposed with the point in space to be sampled, as perceived by the fitter in the virtual environment via the display device.
- the spatial point can be shown to the setter in the coordinate system of the VR display system via the display device and, in particular, can be specified. Since the position of the first controller in the training room is also recorded by the 3D sensor system, the sampling of the spatial point with the virtual representation of the controller simultaneously enables the position of the spatial point to be determined in the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system and the VR display system.
- a virtual representation of a second controller is shown in the display device.
- This virtual representation of the second controller can be used to specify a point in space or a set of points in space in the virtual environment.
- the virtually represented second controller can specify a target position in which the virtual representation of the first controller is to be brought by the setter.
- the second controller can be a purely virtual controller, of which only the virtual representation exists in the virtual environment.
- the second controller can also be a real existing controller, which can be moved and / or operated by the setter. Like that too
- the first controller can also have a probe tip for the second controller.
- the second controller is advantageously detected by the VR display system.
- the second controller can be a VR controller of the VR display system in a simple manner. By detecting the second controller from the VR display system, the second controller can be used to determine a position within the training room in the coordinate system of the VR display system. It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the second controller is designed as a VR controller of the VR display system.
- the second controller can comprise sensors which, interacting with the signal transmitter, enable the position of the second controller to be determined in the coordinate system of the VR display system.
- the second controller can also or alternatively comprise sensors for determining the position in space, in particular a gyroscope and / or acceleration sensors.
- the virtual display of the second controller is based on the position of the second controller recorded in the coordinate system of the VR display system.
- the virtual representation of the second controller based on its position recorded in the coordinate system of the VR display system enables a simple virtual representation of both a controller with a position determined in the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system and a controller with a position determined in the coordinate system of the VR display system.
- the fitter can receive both a reference from the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system and a reference from the coordinate system of the VR display system in the virtual environment presented to him via the display device. It is made possible in a simple way to sample a point in space in the virtual environment in both coordinate systems.
- a deviation in the origin of coordinates and in the alignment of the coordinate systems of the 3D sensor system and the VR display system can be determined.
- the virtual representations of the first controller and the second controller are brought into contact and / or congruent.
- bringing the virtual representations of the two controllers into contact and / or congruence a point in space can be easily pelted in the coordinate system of the VR display system and the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system.
- Bringing the two controllers into congruence is preferably limited to the case that the second controller is a purely virtual controller. Bringing into contact can take place both with a real second controller and with a purely virtual second controller.
- the first controller is detected by the 3D sensor system via a position marker.
- the position marking allows the first controller to be detected in a simple manner by the 3D sensor system.
- the position marking can advantageously be a flat and / or monochrome position marking, in particular covering the entire surface of the controller. Particularly in the case of a single-color position marking, simple and quick detection can take place by filtering the measurement data recorded by the 3D sensor system on the basis of the color information assigned to the individual measurement points.
- the position marking can also be one or more markers arranged on the first controller, such as 2D markers, in particular in the manner of a QR code, or a retroreflective sphere.
- the position marker can be attached to the controller, applied or an integral part of the controller, i. H. Part of a constructive element of the controller.
- the position marking can be part of the surface material of the controller, such as, for example, a structure, texture or color of the surface material or a region of the surface material.
- markers can be arranged in a pattern, which can facilitate recognition by the 3D sensor system. It has proven to be particularly advantageous if several markers are arranged distributed over the surface of the first controller. The outlines of the first controller can be recorded in a simple manner by the 3-D sensor system via an arrangement of the markers distributed in this way over the first controller become. In addition to determining the position of the first controller in the training room, several markers also enable its position in the training room to be determined.
- a first controller that can be detected by the 3-D sensor system via the position marker and in particular has multiple markers can supply a point set of points, the position of which in the coordinate system of the 3-D sensor system can be used for calibration in a simple manner.
- a first controller provided with a position marker and also detectable by the VR display system in particular a first controller designed in the manner of a VR controller of the VR display system, can be used both in the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system and in the coordinate system of the VR display system in terms of its position and location.
- the calibration can only be carried out on the basis of the recorded positions of the group of spatial points of this first controller, but it is also possible to use the positions of further points and / or groups of points.
- the positioning of the markers on the first controller takes place with a high degree of accuracy, so that there is a maximum difference between the position of the marker on the first controller and a position of this marker on the first controller stored in the training system, which is below that with the calibration to achieve the maximum deviation is, in particular below 5 mm, preferably below 3 mm and particularly preferably below 1 mm.
- a device for calibrating a training system of the type mentioned at the outset it is proposed to solve the above problem that it has a first controller detectable by the 3D sensor system, in particular with a detectable probe tip, for sampling a point in space in the training room.
- the first controller With the first controller, a point in the training room can be easily sampled and then used for calibration.
- the first controller is recorded in a simple manner by the 3D sensor system in the training room, which is used to detect the hands of a crew member during training.
- the device for calibration has a second controller, detectable by the VR display system, for sampling a point in space in the training room by bringing it into contact with the first controller.
- the position of a point in space in the training room which is in particular a point in space at which the first controller and the second controller are in contact with one another, i.e. H. touch each other, be determinable both by means of the first controller in the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system and with the second controller in the coordinate system of the VR display system.
- a calibration based on the position of the point in space in the two coordinate systems can be made possible in a simple manner.
- 1a to 1c show a training room in the coordinate systems of a VR display system, a 3D sensor system and a coordinate reference system,
- Fig. 2 the calibration of the coordinate system of the VR display system and the coordinate system of the 3D sensor system on a common coordinate reference system
- 4a to 4c show two methods for sampling a point in space with a first controller
- Fig. 6 shows a further method for sampling a spatial point with the first and a second controller
- FIG. 7 shows a first embodiment of a first controller provided with a position marking
- FIG. 8 shows a second embodiment of a first controller provided with a position marking
- 9a and 9b show two embodiments of a 3D sensor system.
- the calibration K by a setter 100 depends on the fact that both the coordinate system B2 of a 3D sensor system 7 and the coordinate system B1 of a VR display system are based on a common coordinate reference system B0 must be calibrated.
- the training room 200 is shown in FIGS. 1a to 1c in the still uncalibrated coordinate systems B1, B2 or the coordinate reference system B0, the coordinate axes shown in the individual figures being aligned parallel to the edges of the drawing page.
- the training of a crew member is to be carried out here by means of a virtual environment 2.
- the training system 1 includes, inter alia. a VR display system.
- This VR display system includes, among others. an active signal transmitter 3 shown in Fig. 1 and a display device 4. Via the display device 4, the crew member is shown the virtual environment 2 correctly positioned and positionally dependent on the position of the display device 4 in the training room during the training.
- the position and location of the display device 4 corresponds to the posi tion and location of the head of the crew member, since the display device 4 is worn head-fixed and in the field of view during training.
- the training system 1 also includes a 3-D sensor system 7, which can recognize the crew member's hands within the limits of the sensor area 7.1 during training. This enables the crew member to interact with the virtual environment 2 directly via his hands during the training, without the need for an interaction device for this purpose.
- operating devices 6 belonging to the training system 1 are also shown. In the simplest case, these operating devices 6 can be purely virtual operating devices 6, so that the positions of these virtual operating devices 6 shown in FIG. 1 would only correspond to those positions which the crew member uses the display device 4 during training would be perceived.
- it can be real operating devices 6 which are physically present in the training room 200, are fixed in it and which can give the crew member haptic feedback during the interaction with the virtual environment 2 during the training. Since the crew member cannot see these real operating devices 6 via the display device 4, which does not allow a view of the surroundings within the training room 200, virtual ones that match these real operating devices 6 in position and location relative to the display device 4 are displayed to him via the display device 4 Representations of these operating devices 6 are shown.
- the coordinate system B1 of the VR display system and the coordinate system B2 of the 3D sensor system 7 are calibrated to a common coordinate reference system B0.
- FIG. 1 a shows the training room 200 in the coordinate system B1 of the VR display system, which originates in the signal transmitter 3.
- This signal transmitter 3 sends position signals into the training room 200, with which the position of the display device 4 within the training room 200 is determined.
- the coordinate system B1 of the VR display system is indicated here by coordinate axes of a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.
- the display device 4 is recognized, for example, as lying along a coordinate axis from the origin of the coordinate system B1.
- the display device 4 is recognized, starting from the origin of the coordinate system B1, as being in the upper left quadrant.
- the hand of the crew member would therefore be in a completely different position from the 3D sensor system 7 during the training be recognized in a different position than corresponds to the position and the location of the hand in the coordinate reference system BO.
- a calibration K is carried out by a setter 100 of the training system 1 before the start of the training. It is sufficient here if the calibration K is carried out by the setter 100 when the training system 1 is set up in the training room 200 for the first time. You can dispense with repeating the calibration before each training session, but repeating the calibration, especially at regular intervals, is possible and recommended.
- the setter 100 can also be the crew member who is to be trained with the training system 1 after setting up.
- the setter 100 carries the display device 4 of the VR display system, so that he can perceive the virtual environment 2, which is reproduced in the coordinate system B2 of the VR display system, during the calibration K.
- the calibration sequence is shown schematically in FIG.
- the co-ordinate systems B1 that do not match and B2 of the VR display system or the 3D sensor system 7 and the coordinate reference system BO are shown.
- a spatial point P within the training room 200 is assigned different coordinates in the individual coordinate systems because of the different alignment of the coordinate systems B1 and B2 and the offsets between the coordinate systems of the coordinate systems B1, B2 and the coordinate reference system BO.
- the spatial point P in the coordinate system B1 bears the Cartesian coordinates xi, yi, zi, in the coordinate system B2 the Cartesian coordinates i, yi, zi and in the coordinate reference system BO the Cartesian coordinates xo, yo, zo.
- this spatial point P is assigned the same coordinates by the 3D sensor system 7 and also by the VR display system during training.
- this calibration K the positions and locations of the 3D sensor system 7 and the VR display system are determined relative to the coordinate reference system BO.
- a transformation function in particular a transformation matrix, is then determined from these relative positions and positions and applied to the coordinate systems B1 and B2.
- the spatial point P of the 3D coordinate system 7 as well as the VR display system are assigned the corresponding Cartesian coordinates xo, yo, zo, which correspond to the position of the spatial point P im Coordinates correspond to the reference system BO.
- This calibration can take place iteratively, one point in space in each case being determined in the coordinate system B1 and B2 and a calibration step then being carried out in order to then again determine the position of a new point in space in both coordinate systems B1 and B2.
- a family of spatial points can first be determined, each of which has one position in the two coordinate systems B1 and B2 Represent point cloud. These two point clouds can then be converted into a transformation matrix using iterative algorithms, in particular using an iterative closest point algorithm. With the transformation matrix, the coordinate systems B1 and B2 can be transformed during the calibration in such a way that they are made to coincide with the coordinate reference system BO.
- This calibration K is particularly suitable as a fine calibration which is carried out after a rough calibration that has taken place beforehand. At the same time, the calibration K described can also be applied directly to a training system that has not yet been calibrated.
- the coordinate reference system is shown in FIG. 2 as a coordinate system that is independent of the coordinate systems B1 and B2 and that is fixed in space in the training room 200
- the coordinate reference system BO can also be one of the two coordinate systems B1 or B2.
- the choice of one of the two coordinate systems B1 or B2 as the coordinate reference system BO allows the calibration K to be carried out more simply and quickly.
- a rough calibration is shown, which enables a first alignment of the coordinate systems B1 and B2 with one another.
- the aim here is to initially bring the coordinate system B1 of the VR display system and the coordinate system B2 of the 3D sensor system 7 into rough congruence so that the offset between their coordinate origins can be roughly compensated for.
- the workload for a subsequent fine calibration can be reduced by the coarse calibration.
- 3 shows two possible embodiments of the rough calibration, which can also be combined with one another.
- a VR controller 5, which belongs to the VR display system and its position in the training room 200 by means of the Signal transmitter 3 can be recognized, stopped at the 3D sensor system 7.
- the coordinate origin of the coordinate system B2 of the 3D sensor system 7, which is indicated by the circle within the 3D sensor system 7, is not at the position at which the VR controller 5 is stopped on the 3D sensor system 7, however, the position of the VR controller 5 indicates a first approximation for the origin of the coordinate system B2 in the coordinate system B1 of the VR display system. With this approximate value for the coordinate origin of the coordinate system B2 in the coordinate system B1, a first rough transformation for calibration between the coordinate system B2 and the coordinate system B1 can take place.
- a first controller 12 of the training system 1 which can be detected by the 3D sensor system and whose position in the training room 200 can thus be determined in the coordinate system B2, can be stopped at the signal transmitter 3 of the VR display system, in which the origin of the coordinate system B1 of the VR display system.
- a first rough calibration can be carried out, with which the two coordinate systems B1 and B2 can be at least roughly approximated to one another. After this rough calibration, the deviations between the coordinate origins of the two coordinate systems B1 and B2 are, however, still with deviations of typically 5 mm and more beyond the maximum deviations acceptable for carrying out the training.
- FIG. 4 two possible methods for manually sampling a point P in the training room 200 with the first controller 12 are shown.
- This first controller 12 can be detected by the 3D sensor system with regard to its position and / or location in the training room 200.
- the first controller 12 also has a probe tip 12. 1 that can also be detected by the 3D sensor system 7.
- This first controller 12, designed in the manner of a handheld controller, can be held by the device 100 and used in the training room 200 for sampling individual points P in space.
- the first controller 12 can also be recorded by the VR display system, so that its position in the training room 200 is also recorded and determined in the coordinate system B1 of the VR display system.
- a virtual representation 14 of the first controller 12 is shown in the virtual environment 2.
- This virtual representation 14 of the first controller 12 takes place at the coordinates as determined in the coordinate system B2 of the 3D sensor system 7 for the first controller 12.
- these coordinates are not displayed in the coordinate system B2 of the 3D sensor system 7, but in the coordinate system B1 of the VR display system, since the virtual environment 2 is displayed to the fitter 100 via the display device 4 of the VR display system and consequently the coordinate system of the VR display system. Display system used.
- a point cloud consisting of individual measuring points of the 3D sensor system 7 assigned to the first controller 12 is used for the virtual display 14 of the first controller and its probe tip via the display device 4, which is shown in FIG. 4 by the dashed lines virtual representation 14 is indicated.
- the setter 100 can manually position the first controller 12 in the training room 200, what is shown to him via the 3D sensor system 7 and the display device 4 accordingly as a change in the virtual representation 14 in the virtual environment 2.
- the setter 100 brings the first controller 12 into a position in which he perceives the virtual representation 14 of the first controller 12 in the virtual environment 2 as being in contact with the spatial point P.
- the probe tip 14.1 of the virtual representation of the first controller 14 is used and this ge in the virtual environment 2 with the spatial point P is brought into a matching position. If the setter 100 determines that the virtual representation of the probe tip 14.1 of the virtual representation 14 of the first controller 12 corresponds to the spatial point P, then he can trigger a measurement by pressing a button on the first controller 12, not shown here. In this way, a point P in space is pelt with the virtual representation of the probe tip 14.1 of the virtual representation of the first controller 14.
- the position of the first controller 12 in the training room does not correspond to the position in the virtual environment 2 at which the virtual representation 14 of the first controller 12 is transferred to the setter 100 the display device 4 is shown. So be there is a deviation V between the first controller 12 and the spatial point P, the coordinates of which are given in the coordinate system B1 of the VR display system, as shown in Fig. 4a. Since in the virtual environment 2 the virtual representation 14 of the first controller 12, with its coordinates determined in the coordinate system B2, corresponds to the spatial point P, the coordinates of which are specified in the coordinate system B1 of the VR display system, corresponds this deviation V is the offset between the coordinate systems B1 and B2.
- the deviation V in the coordinate system B1 can be determined by a comparison between the position of the first controller 12, in particular its probe tip 12.1, as indicated by the VR display system in FIG whose coordinate system B1 is determined, determine with the position of the spatial point P in the coordinate system B1.
- a transformation function can then be determined from this deviation V and used to compensate for the offset between the coordinate origins and / or the alignment of the coordinate systems B1 and B2.
- the spatial point P can be specified by the training system 1 to the fitter. To this end, the spatial point P, similar to that shown in FIG.
- the room point P can also be freely selected by the setter 100.
- the setter 100 is not given the spatial point P in the virtual environment 2 as a point, but the setter 100 can freely select the position of the virtual representation 14 of the first controller 12 by positioning the first controller 12.
- the sampled spatial point is set at the position of the probe tip 14.1 of the virtual representation 14 of the first controller 12 and its coordinates are determined in the coordinate system B1 of the VR display system.
- the Offset between the two coordinate systems B1 and B2 determined for subsequent compensation based on the deviation V in the training room 200 between this spatial point P in the coordinate system B1 and the position of the first controller 12 determined via the VR display system.
- Fig. 4c shows an alternative way of how a point in space P can be given to a judge 100.
- a virtual representation 15 of a second controller 13 is Darge, whose probe tip 15.1 specifies the position of the point P in space.
- the second controller 13 it is not necessary for the second controller 13 to be physically present in the training room 200. Rather, it can be a purely virtual controller that only exists as a virtual representation 15 in the virtual environment 2.
- the setter 100 can change the position and location of the virtual representation 14 of the first controller 12 in the virtual environment 2 by changing the position and location of the first controller 12. The aim is for the setter 100 to position the first controller 12 in such a way that its virtual representation 14 is made to coincide with the virtual representation 15 of the second controller 13, as shown in FIG. 4c.
- the virtual representations 14 and 15 appear to be of different sizes in FIG. 4c, this primarily serves the clarity of FIG. 4c, wherein the virtual representations 14 and 15 in the virtual environment 2 can also have the same dimensions. Nevertheless, the virtual representation 15 of the second controller 13, as shown, can also have a larger dimension than the virtual representation 14 of the first controller 12.
- the training system can also automatically trigger a measurement as soon as the virtual representations 14 and 15 in the virtual environment 2 are congruent.
- a certain amount of play can also be provided for the measurement triggering, so that the automatic measurement triggering takes place when the virtual representations 14 and 15 overlap, but below complete coverage.
- This game can be shown to the setter 100 by the slightly larger virtual representation 15 compared to the virtual representation of the first controller 14. The naturally existing variation in the position of the first controller 12, which can be freely positioned by the device 100 in the training room 200, can be taken into account via the game. Excessive demands on the setter and the rest of his hand when positioning the first controller 12 in the training room 200 can be avoided.
- the method shown in Fig. 4c for sampling the point in space by bringing the two virtual representations 14, 15 into congruence can, in addition to point P at the probe tip 15.1 of the virtual representation of the second controller 15, also further space points not shown in the figure be sampled on the surface of the virtual representation 15 of the second Con troller 13. In this way, a family of spatial points can be sampled by a single measurement with the first controller 12.
- FIG. 1 Another possibility of sampling a point P in space is shown in FIG.
- a second controller 13 actually present in the training room 200 is also used.
- This second controller 13 is detected in its position in the training room 200 by the VR display system.
- the second controller 13 also has a probe tip 13.1, which is particularly suitable for precise sampling of a point P in space.
- the second controller 13 can also be freely positioned by a fitter 10 during the calibration K in the training room 200 in the manner of a handheld controller.
- This second controller 13 can also be, for example, the VR controller 5 of the VR display system, the use of which has already been described, for example in connection with the rough calibration shown in FIG. 4.
- both a virtual representation 15 of the second controller 13 and a virtual representation 14 of the first controller 12 in the virtual environment 2 are displayed to the setter 100 via the display device 4.
- the virtual representation 14 of the first controller 12 takes place on the basis of the position of the first controller 12 recorded in the coordinate system B2 of the 3D sensor system 7.
- the virtual representation 15 of the second controller 13 takes place on the basis of the position in the coordinate system B1 of the VR display system detected the position of the second controller 13.
- the setter 100 positions the first controller 12 and the second controller 13 in the training room 200 in such a way that the virtual representations 14 and 15, in particular the probe tips 14.1 and 15.1 these virtual representations 14 and 15 are brought into contact with one another in the virtual environment 2.
- the setter 100 can now trigger a measurement.
- the spatial point P the position of which corresponds to that of the probe tips 14.1, 15.1 of the virtual representations 14, 15 in the coordinate system B1 of the VR display system, is sampled, ie its position is recorded. Since the two coordinate systems B1 and B2 are not yet finally calibrated to one another, there is, similarly to what was already described in connection with FIG.
- This deviation V can be determined from the coordinates of the position of the first controller 12 and the coordinates of the position of the second controller 13 in the training room 200, each measured in the coordinate system B1 of the VR display system.
- the contact between the two probe tips 14.1, 15.1 in the virtual environment 2 means that the first controller 12 and the second controller 13 are each located at the same coordinates in terms of value. This is because the virtual representations 14, 15 take place in the virtual environment 2 only in the coordinate system B1.
- a further virtual representation 15 of the first controller can also be used in the virtual environment 2 12, the position coordinates of the first controller 12 being used here as they were recorded in the coordinate system B1 of the VR display system.
- This second virtual representation 16 of the first controller 12 together Men with the probe tip 16.1 also shown enables the device 100 to simultaneously perceive the position of the first controller 12 as determined in the two coordinate systems B1 and B2 that are not yet conclusively calibrated. This also enables the setter 100 to estimate the quality of the previous calibration.
- the difference V2 between the representations of the position of the first controller 12 through the virtual representation 14 and the virtual representation 16 becomes smaller, the better the calibration K of the two coordinate systems B1 and B2.
- the calibration K is visibly completed for the setter 100 when the virtual representations 14 and 16 of the first controller 12 in the virtual environment are essentially congruent, in particular there is only a deviation V2 in the sub-millimeter range.
- the calibration can alternatively also take place in such a way that the probe tips 12.1, 13.1 of the first controller 12 and the second controller 13 are physically brought into contact with one another in the training room 200 and by triggering a measurement of the between them at the Probe tips 12.1, 13.1 lying spatial point P is sampled.
- the offset between the two coordinate systems B1, B2 can also be differentiated be determined. In the virtual environment 2, this offset corresponds to the deviation V2 between the virtual representations 14, 15 of the two controllers 12, 13.
- the first controller 12 has a two-dimensional position marking in the manner of a marker 17, which is attached to the first controller 12 or can be designed as an integral part of this first controller 12.
- the marker 17 is designed as a two-dimensional QR marker. This marker 17 can be recognized by the 3D sensor system 7 in the training room 200.
- Dimensions of the first controller 12 associated with this marker 17 are stored in the training system 1, in particular a training computer or a server. These stored dimensions include, in particular, the relative distance vector E of the probe tip 12.1 of the first controller 12 from the marker 17. This makes it possible to determine the position of the probe tip 12.1 by detecting the marker 17 by means of the 3D sensor system 7. For this purpose, the recognized position of the marker 17 is superimposed with the stored relative distance vector E to the probe tip, so that the position of the probe tip 12.1 over the marker
- FIG. 8 shows a further marking option for the first controller 12 for detection by the 3D sensor system 7.
- retroreflective spheres 18 are arranged on the first controller 12 or are designed as components of the first controller 12. These retroreflective spheres 18 are arranged in a pattern which enables the 3D sensor system 7 to detect the position and location of the first controller 12 and its contour. Depending on the position of the first controller 12 in the training room 200, the arrangement of the retroreflective spheres 18 is recorded differently by the 3D sensor system 7. From the difference between this detection of the retroreflective balls 18 and the pattern stored in the training system 1, the position of the retroreflective balls can be
- the retroreflective spheres 18 can be used to sample a separate point in space P, so that a set of points in space can be sampled with the first controller shown in FIG. 8 during a measurement action.
- Fig. 9a and Fig. 9b two possible embodiments of the 3D sensor system 7 and the determination of the position of the first controller 12 with these are shown.
- the 3D sensor systems 7 shown not only the position and location of the first controller 12 can be detected, but they are also more suitable for detecting other objects in the training room 200, such as its arms 102 or the entire body or the real one Control device 5 to detect what is advantageous when carrying out realistic training.
- the 3-D sensor system 7 shown in FIG. 9 a comprises a color camera 9, which is arranged between two partial cameras 8.1 of a stereo-optical depth camera 8.
- the color camera 9 can capture a two-dimensional color image within the limits of the sensor area 7.1.
- recorded points can be assigned a respective color value which corresponds to that color value of the corresponding points in the training room 200.
- the distance A of the first controller 12 to the 3D sensor system 7 can be measured with the two partial cameras 8.1 of the stereo-optical depth camera 8.
- each of the partial cameras 8.1 simultaneously records an independent image of the first controller 12. Since the first controller 12 in the training room 200 is seen by the two sub-cameras 8.1 each at a different solid angle ⁇ , ⁇ relative to their respective straight-ahead direction R and the distance between the two sub-cameras 8.1 is structurally known, the distance A of individual points on the first control Lers 12 and thus also the entire first controller 12 can be determined by triangulation.
- FIG. 9b A further 3D sensor system 7 is shown in FIG. 9b, which likewise has a color camera 9 which fulfills the same function as the color camera 9 shown in FIG. 9a.
- the 3D sensor system 7 shown in FIG. 9b has a depth camera 8 in the manner of a time-of-flight camera with a transmission module 8.2 and a reception module 8.3.
- the distance A between the first controller 12 and the 3D sensor system 7 is not determined via triangulation with multiple recordings, but rather via the transit time of a light pulse 10.
- the transmission module 8.2 emits this light pulse 10 , which is thrown back by the first controller 12 as a reflected pulse 11 and hits a light sensor 8.4 of the receiving module 8.3.
- the light pulse 10 emitted by the transmission module 8.2 can be emitted as a wide-ranging pulse which, in particular, can cover the area lying between the boundaries of the sensor area 7.1.
- the light pulse 10 can be a focused pulse, which the transmitter module 8.2 emits for scanning the area extending between the boundaries of the sensor area 7.1, each time offset along a different spatial direction.
- the transmission module 8.2 and the reception module 8.3 are synchronized with one another in such a way that the time between the Emitting the light pulse 10 by the transmitter module 8.2 and the detection of the reflected pulse 11 by the light sensor 8.4 of the receiving module 8.3 can be precisely determined.
- the distance A can be determined from this time difference and the known speed of propagation of the light pulse 10 and the reflected pulse 11.
- short Light pulses 10 in the range of a few nanoseconds and below are used, which are preferably in the infrared range.
- a calibration method for a training system 1 is specified in which no interaction devices are required for the crew member to interact with the virtual environment 2.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019132289.8A DE102019132289A1 (de) | 2019-11-28 | 2019-11-28 | Kalibrierung eines Trainingssystems |
| PCT/DE2020/101006 WO2021104582A1 (de) | 2019-11-28 | 2020-11-27 | Kalibrierung eines trainingssystems |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4066227A1 true EP4066227A1 (de) | 2022-10-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP20824448.3A Pending EP4066227A1 (de) | 2019-11-28 | 2020-11-27 | Kalibrierung eines trainingssystems |
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| EP (1) | EP4066227A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019132289A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021104582A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE102013100569A1 (de) * | 2013-01-21 | 2014-07-24 | Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Anzeige einer Fahrzeugumgebung |
| DE102013210746A1 (de) * | 2013-06-10 | 2014-12-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | System und Verfahren zum Überwachen und/oder Bedienen einer technischen Anlage, insbesondere eines Fahrzeugs |
| DE102015103735A1 (de) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-09-15 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Testen eines in einem Luftfahrzeug zu bedienenden Geräts |
| DE102017213362A1 (de) * | 2017-08-02 | 2019-02-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Bewerten einer Kalibrierung eines Sensorsystems |
| KR102487842B1 (ko) * | 2018-03-29 | 2023-01-13 | 유브이아이 엘티디. | 차량 검사 시스템 및 그 방법 |
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- 2019-11-28 DE DE102019132289.8A patent/DE102019132289A1/de active Pending
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- 2020-11-27 EP EP20824448.3A patent/EP4066227A1/de active Pending
- 2020-11-27 WO PCT/DE2020/101006 patent/WO2021104582A1/de not_active Ceased
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| DE102019132289A1 (de) | 2021-06-02 |
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