EP4065254A1 - Procédé et dispositif de purification de flux de gaz par condensation - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de purification de flux de gaz par condensation

Info

Publication number
EP4065254A1
EP4065254A1 EP20796799.3A EP20796799A EP4065254A1 EP 4065254 A1 EP4065254 A1 EP 4065254A1 EP 20796799 A EP20796799 A EP 20796799A EP 4065254 A1 EP4065254 A1 EP 4065254A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
condensate
heat exchanger
condenser
exchanger surface
carrier gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20796799.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Friedhelm Herzog
Juraj Petrovic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Messer Group GmbH
Messer Tatragas sro
Original Assignee
Messer Group GmbH
Messer Tatragas sro
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Messer Group GmbH, Messer Tatragas sro filed Critical Messer Group GmbH
Publication of EP4065254A1 publication Critical patent/EP4065254A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/65—Employing advanced heat integration, e.g. Pinch technology
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/265—Drying gases or vapours by refrigeration (condensation)

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning a gas flow by means of condensation, in which a carrier gas flow loaded with at least one condensable substance is brought into indirect heat exchange with a refrigerant in a condenser on a first heat exchanger surface and is cooled to a temperature below the dew point of the condensable substance, wherein the condensable substance is condensed and at least partially withdrawn from the condenser as a liquid condensate.
  • the invention also relates to a corresponding device.
  • a carrier gas stream loaded with a condensable substance is brought into direct or indirect thermal contact with a refrigerant, in particular a cryogenic refrigerant such as cold gaseous or liquid nitrogen.
  • the carrier gas stream is cooled to such an extent that the condensable substance contained in it or the condensable substances contained therein liquefy or freeze out and can thus be separated from the carrier gas flow to be cleaned.
  • Methods of this type are described, for example, in EP 0537473 A1, EP 0742040 A1, EP 1 366793 A1, or EP 1 602401 A1.
  • a “condensable substance” in the carrier gas flow is intended to mean a substance which is present in the carrier gas in gaseous or vapor form before the cooling of the carrier gas in the condenser and which can be brought to condensation by cooling the carrier gas, ie to a temperature below the dew point temperature, without the carrier gas itself condenses.
  • a disadvantage of processes for cleaning gas streams by means of condensation is that the low temperatures required for this process can often only be provided with a very high expenditure of energy.
  • Task of the present The invention is thus to increase the efficiency in the cleaning of gas flows by means of condensation and thereby to reduce the use of energy in the generation of cold.
  • a method of the type and intended purpose mentioned at the beginning is characterized in that the condensate accumulating in the condenser and withdrawn therefrom is fed to a second heat exchanger surface and is brought into indirect heat exchange there with the carrier gas flow.
  • the carrier gas stream loaded with the at least one condensable substance is thus brought to a temperature below the dew point temperature of the loading substance (or, at a plurality of loading substances in the carrier gas stream, below the dew point temperature of at least one of the loading materials), the loading material being at least partially condensed from the carrier gas stream and withdrawn from the condenser in liquid form.
  • the condensate is thus at this point in time at a temperature at or below the corresponding dew point temperature, in any case at a temperature which is lower than the temperature of the charged carrier gas stream at its entry into the condenser.
  • the invention aims to reduce the amount of cold required for the condensation process and predominantly provided by the primary refrigerant. This is achieved by using the coldness of the condensate produced in the condensation process to cool the carrier gas flow.
  • the condensate heats up or it evaporates and leaves the condensation process warmed up in a liquid or gaseous state.
  • the inventive thermal contact of the condensate with the carrier gas flow occurs parallel to or before the thermal contact of the charged carrier gas flow with the refrigerant.
  • the method according to the invention leads, in particular, in those cases in which the loading of the carrier gas stream is so high that a not insignificant part of the cold content of the loaded carrier gas stream remains in the condensate, to a noticeable reduction in energy consumption when providing the cooling required for condensation.
  • the condenser can be operated, for example, by means of a circulating gaseous or liquid refrigerant or a condensable refrigerant with recooling in a refrigeration system, or the cooling takes place through indirect contact with a refrigerant flowing through the condenser.
  • a combination of the types of cooling mentioned in the condenser or in several condensers is also possible within the scope of the invention.
  • a preferred refrigerant is a cryogenic refrigerant, such as, for example, a liquefied gas, such as, for example, liquid nitrogen, liquid hydrogen or a liquefied noble gas.
  • the condensate preferably evaporates on thermal contact with the carrier gas stream on the second heat exchanger surface. As a result, the heat of evaporation is used to cool the carrier gas flow.
  • a likewise preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the condensate is temporarily stored in a storage container and is supplied to the second heat exchanger surface in a predetermined or regulated flow rate.
  • This refinement makes it possible, in particular, even if condensate only occurs unevenly during the condensation process Collect condensate in the storage tank and then, regardless of the inflow into the storage tank, feed it to the second heat exchanger surface - for example, as a uniform mass flow or controlled depending on measured parameters, such as the temperature of the condensate or the carrier gas flow or the composition of the loading substances in the carrier gas flow.
  • the condensate can advantageously also be sucked out of the condenser or the storage container, e.g. by means of a vacuum pump. If the suction pressure is lower than the boiling point of the condensate, the condensate evaporates and cold is generated. Since the evaporation cold is many times greater than the sensitive cold of the condensate, the effectiveness of the invention is thereby significantly increased.
  • a likewise advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the condensate, before being fed to the second heat exchanger surface, passes through a relaxation stage in which it is brought to a lower pressure. When the pressure is released, the condensate cools down to an even lower temperature and the cooling effect is improved.
  • the increased pressure at the beginning of the expansion is realized, for example, in that the charged carrier gas flow in the condenser, and thus the condensate, is already at an increased pressure, as is the case with many processes.
  • the condensate is brought to an increased pressure by means of a pump before being fed to the expansion stage, the heat introduced into the condensate by the pump being preferably dissipated, for example by means of a heat exchanger.
  • the expansion takes place, for example, at a throttle or a controllable expansion valve, which is arranged in terms of flow before the condensate is fed to the second heat exchanger surface.
  • the condensate is cooled with a refrigerant in a heat exchanger before it is fed to the second heat exchanger surface.
  • the discharge for the condensate from the condenser is therefore flow-connected to a heat exchanger in which the condensate is further cooled in thermal contact with a refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant used for this purpose can be the same or a different refrigerant as the primary refrigerant in the condenser.
  • the condensate is preferably cooled upstream of the expansion cooling.
  • a device for cleaning a gas flow by means of condensation is equipped with a condenser which has a first heat exchanger surface with a feed and a discharge line for a refrigerant, a feed for a carrier gas flow loaded with at least one condensable substance and a discharge line for discharging the condensable substance has essentially freed carrier gas flow and has a discharge line for condensed substance (condensate), the discharge line for the condensate being flow-connected to at least one second heat exchanger surface at which the condensate can be brought into thermal contact with the carrier gas flow.
  • the condenser on the first heat exchanger surface, there is an indirect thermal contact of a carrier gas flow loaded with at least one condensable substance with a preferably cryogenic refrigerant, for example a liquefied gas.
  • a carrier gas flow loaded with at least one condensable substance with a preferably cryogenic refrigerant, for example a liquefied gas.
  • the first heat exchanger surface is, for example, a tube bundle or a cooling coil.
  • the loaded carrier gas stream is cooled to a temperature below the dew point of the condensable substance. This condenses and is discharged as liquid condensate via the drain.
  • the device according to the invention now enables additional cooling of the carrier gas flow with the condensate accumulating in the condenser by feeding it to the second heat exchanger surface, which is preferably arranged upstream (seen in the direction of flow of the carrier gas) or parallel to the first heat exchanger surface.
  • the second heat exchanger surface is preferably in a precondenser arranged upstream of the condenser, "upstream” also being understood here in the direction of flow of the carrier gas flow, ie the carrier gas flow first passes through the precondenser and only then passes through the condenser.
  • the second heat exchanger surface can, however, also be arranged within the condenser itself, specifically preferably in a region of the condenser in which the supplied process gas stream still has a temperature above the dew point temperature of the condensable substance to be removed.
  • a combination of these two configurations is also conceivable in the form of a division of the second heat exchanger surface into two partial surfaces, which are connected in series or through which the condensate passes in parallel, with a first partial surface being arranged within the condenser and a second partial surface being arranged within a precondenser, for example.
  • a storage tank is preferably integrated, in which the condensate is temporarily stored and, if required, can be removed, for example by means of a pump, and used to cool the carrier gas flow on the second heat exchanger surface .
  • a control device can be provided by means of which condensate can be fed from the storage container to the second heat exchanger surface according to a predetermined program or as a function of measured parameters.
  • a relaxation stage is provided, for example a throttle or an expansion valve.
  • the condensate is conveyed to the expansion stage, for example, by means of a pump, with which the pressure before the expansion stage can also be increased in order to be able to achieve an even stronger cooling effect on the second heat exchanger surface with the subsequent expansion of the condensate.
  • the heat introduced by the pump is dissipated by means of heat exchange with a refrigerant at a suitable heat exchanger before the expansion.
  • a heat exchanger arranged in the discharge line for the condensate can be used to further cool the condensate through thermal contact with a refrigerant, such as liquid nitrogen.
  • a particularly preferred development of the invention provides a double system, that is to say a device for cleaning a gas stream by means of condensation, which is characterized by an arrangement of two alternately operable devices according to the invention.
  • Both devices each have a first heat exchanger surface for thermal contact of the carrier gas flow with a primary refrigerant, have a discharge line for condensed substance (condensate) from the condenser of the respective device and are equipped with at least one second heat exchanger surface for thermal contact of the carrier gas flow with condensate from the condenser each device equipped.
  • the inlets and outlets for the carrier gas flow are flow-connected to one another and equipped with fittings that enable the two devices to be controlled alternately.
  • Such a double system is particularly advantageous if considerable ice formations can occur during operation, which make it necessary to defrost the device that is in operation.
  • the double system enables continuous system operation in which one device works in cleaning mode and the other device is defrosted.
  • the double system is expediently designed in such a way that the discharge line for condensed substance of the one device in each case can be flow-connected to the second heat exchanger surface of the other device in each case. If necessary, the condensate from one device can be used to cool the other device before it is restarted after a defrosting process.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 The circuit diagram of a device according to the invention in a second embodiment.
  • the device 1 shown in Fig. 1 comprises a condenser 2, which is known per se with an inlet line 3 for supplying a gas flow loaded with at least one condensable substance, hereinafter referred to as a carrier gas flow, and a discharge line 4 for discharging the condensable substance from at least one Substance freed carrier gas flow is equipped.
  • the condenser 2 comprises a supply line 5 and a discharge line 6 for a refrigerant and a first heat exchanger surface 7, which are arranged within the condenser housing 8.
  • the refrigerant can in particular be a gaseous or liquid refrigerant, or a liquid refrigerant which evaporates on the first heat exchanger surface 7 upon thermal contact with the gas flow.
  • it is water, a cold gaseous or liquefied gas, such as liquid or cold gaseous nitrogen, or a common cooling medium of a refrigeration machine.
  • the first heat exchanger surface 7 is, for example, a tube bundle arranged within the condenser housing 8 or a cooling coil through which, as shown here, the refrigerant flows and the carrier gas flows around it; however, it is also conceivable, for example, to guide the carrier gas through a tube bundle or a cooling coil around which the refrigerant flows.
  • the condenser 2 is arranged horizontally, that is to say the input line 3 and the discharge line 4 are essentially on the same level.
  • the inlet line 3 and outlet line 4 open into the condenser 2 at different levels.
  • the discharge line 4 - viewed geodetically - can open out above the input line 3 and the capacitor 2 can run vertically or obliquely upwards from the confluence of the input line 3 in the direction of the confluence of the output line 4.
  • the carrier gas flow and the refrigerant can be conducted on the first heat exchanger surface 7 in cocurrent or in countercurrent.
  • the capacitor 2 is assigned a precondenser 9, which is arranged upstream of the capacitor 2 on the input line 3.
  • the pre-condenser 9, like the condenser 2, comprises a housing 10 and an inlet line 11 for the carrier gas flow opening into this.
  • the inlet line 3 serves to discharge the carrier gas from the pre-condenser 9.
  • a second heat exchanger surface 12 is arranged, for example a pipe coil or a pipe bundle, which is equipped with a supply line 13 and a discharge line 14 for a cooling medium, as which As explained in more detail below, condensate from the condenser 2 functions.
  • the condenser 2 also has a condensate discharge 15, through which the liquid condensate accumulating in the condenser 2 is discharged from the condenser 2.
  • a storage container 16 is provided for temporarily storing a certain amount of condensate.
  • the condensate drain 15 leads to a second heat exchanger surface 17 within the condenser housing 8 and finally opens downstream into the feed line 13 to the second heat exchanger surface 12 in the pre-condenser 9.
  • a carrier gas stream loaded with at least one condensable substance flows through the input line 11, the precondenser 9 and the input line 3 into the condenser 2.
  • refrigerant hereinafter also referred to as “primary refrigerant”
  • the inflows of carrier gas and refrigerant into the condenser 2 are regulated in such a way that the temperature of the carrier gas flow in a region 18 drops to a temperature below the dew point temperature of the condensable substance.
  • the condensable substance condenses out, and the condensed substance (hereinafter referred to as “condensate”) is discharged from the condenser 2 via the condensate drain 15 and collected in the storage container 16.
  • the condensate still has a very low temperature close to the dew point temperature; At least this temperature is lower than the temperature of the carrier gas at the inlet of the inlet line 3 into the condenser 2.
  • the cooling process is supported by a thermal contact between the cold condensate from the storage tank 16 and the carrier gas flow occurring upstream of the area 18.
  • the condensate is removed from the storage tank 16, for example by means of a pump not shown here, and passed to the second heat exchanger surface 17 in the condenser 2 and then to the second heat exchanger surface 12 in the pre-condenser 9.
  • the intermediate storage of a predetermined amount of condensate in the storage tank 16 enables condensate to be withdrawn regardless of the time and amount of the condensate occurring in the condensation process, particularly in the case of fluctuating carrier gas flows or carrier gas loads.
  • the condensate In the event of indirect thermal contact with the carrier gas flow at the second heat exchanger surfaces 12, 17, the condensate is heated, while the carrier gas flow cools. The heated condensate is then discharged via the discharge line 14 and fed to a disposal device not shown here and of no further interest.
  • the second heat exchanger surfaces 12, 17 are designed so that the condensate evaporates in one of the second heat exchanger surfaces 12, 17 upon thermal contact with the carrier gas flow, i.e. the heat of evaporation of the condensate is used to cool the carrier gas.
  • the device 20 shown in FIG. 2 differs from the device 1 shown in FIG. 1 only in the area of the condensate drainage.
  • the other features correspond to those shown in FIG. 1 and are therefore identified by the same reference numerals.
  • an expansion element 21 is provided in the condensate discharge 15, downstream of the storage container 16.
  • a higher pressure in the condensate discharge line 15 to a lower pressure, for example one in a pressure which follows the discharge line 14 Disposal device prevailing operating pressure
  • the condensate is cooled, whereby additional cooling capacity for cooling the carrier gas on the heat exchanger surfaces 12, 17 is created.
  • the increased pressure upstream of the expansion element 21 arises, for example, from the fact that the charged carrier gas flow in the condenser 2 and thus the condensate in the storage container 16 is already at such an increased pressure.
  • the pressure in the storage tank 16 is 10 (ten) bar and the pressure downstream of the expansion device 21 is approximately 1 (one) bar.
  • the pressure of the condensate can, however, also be increased by means of a pump 22 which is optionally installed in the condensate drain 15.
  • the heat introduced into the condensate by the pump 22 can be dissipated, for example, at a heat exchanger 23 in thermal contact with a cooling medium.
  • the heat exchanger 23 can of course also be used to cool the condensate to an even lower temperature.
  • the same or a different cooling medium than in the heat exchanger surface 7 is used as the cooling medium in the heat exchanger 23.
  • the discharge line 14 of the devices 1, 20 can also be connected to a vacuum pump in order to further reduce the pressure of the evaporated condensate in the heat exchanger surfaces 12, 17 and thus its temperature.
  • the device 1; 20 be defrosted as soon as the ice formation leads to an excessive pressure loss in the condenser 2. During defrosting, the melted ice then flows into the storage container 16. Before (or while) the condenser 2 is being cooled again, the cold liquid can advantageously be transferred from the storage container 16 to the Heat exchanger surfaces 12, 17 are used to precool the condensers 2, 9 before carrier gas is supplied via the inlet lines 11, 3.
  • two devices 1; 20 are interconnected to form double systems, each of which has a device 1; 20 operates in the cleaning mode, while the other device 1; 20 is defrosted.
  • liquid can then also be used from the storage container 16 of the respective other device 1; 20 can be used.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are particularly suitable for the purification of process gas streams which are loaded to a considerable extent with condensable substances and in which the condensate accumulates to such an extent that a not inconsiderable part of the cooling capacity usually achieved by the refrigerant is reduced by the Pre-cooling or accompanying cooling can be taken over by the resulting condensate.
  • these are process gas flows in the petrochemical industry and the polluting substances are hydrocarbons.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de purification d'un flux de gaz par condensation, un flux de gaz porteur chargé d'au moins une substance condensable est amené en échange de chaleur indirect avec un liquide de refroidissement sur une première surface d'échange de chaleur dans un condenseur et refroidi à une température inférieure au point de rosée de l'au moins une substance condensable, et la substance condensée est retirée du condenseur sous la forme d'un condensat liquide, et ledit procédé est caractérisé selon l'invention en ce que le condensat est amené à une seconde surface d'échange de chaleur et amené en échange de chaleur indirect avec le flux de gaz porteur sur celui-ci.
EP20796799.3A 2019-11-29 2020-10-22 Procédé et dispositif de purification de flux de gaz par condensation Withdrawn EP4065254A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019008334.2A DE102019008334A1 (de) 2019-11-29 2019-11-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Gasströmen mittels Kondensation
PCT/EP2020/079812 WO2021104767A1 (fr) 2019-11-29 2020-10-22 Procédé et dispositif de purification de flux de gaz par condensation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4065254A1 true EP4065254A1 (fr) 2022-10-05

Family

ID=73013449

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20796799.3A Withdrawn EP4065254A1 (fr) 2019-11-29 2020-10-22 Procédé et dispositif de purification de flux de gaz par condensation

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4065254A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102019008334A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021104767A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1053010B (de) * 1954-08-06 1959-03-19 Chemical Construction Corp Verfahren zur Reinigung einer gasfoermigen Mischung, deren Komponenten verschiedene Siedepunkte haben
NL127840C (fr) * 1963-08-17
DE4134293C1 (fr) 1991-10-17 1993-02-11 Messer Griesheim Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt, De
DE19517273C1 (de) 1995-05-11 1997-02-13 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abgasreinigung mit Wärmetauschern
US5755855A (en) * 1997-01-24 1998-05-26 Membrane Technology And Research, Inc. Separation process combining condensation, membrane separation and flash evaporation
DE10223845C1 (de) 2002-05-28 2003-10-30 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gasreinigung
DE102004026909A1 (de) 2004-06-01 2005-12-29 Messer Group Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur aerosolarmen Partialkondensation
DE102006036610A1 (de) * 2006-08-04 2008-02-07 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kryokondensation
US8088196B2 (en) * 2007-01-23 2012-01-03 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Purification of carbon dioxide
EP2196251A1 (fr) * 2008-12-04 2010-06-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Installation de séparation de dioxyde de carbone et procédé de fonctionnement d'une telle installation
US20180328656A1 (en) * 2017-05-10 2018-11-15 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Methods for recovering alkenes from process gas streams

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102019008334A1 (de) 2021-06-02
WO2021104767A1 (fr) 2021-06-03

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