EP4062773B1 - Eingebeuteltes produkt zur oralen verwendung - Google Patents

Eingebeuteltes produkt zur oralen verwendung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4062773B1
EP4062773B1 EP21164834.0A EP21164834A EP4062773B1 EP 4062773 B1 EP4062773 B1 EP 4062773B1 EP 21164834 A EP21164834 A EP 21164834A EP 4062773 B1 EP4062773 B1 EP 4062773B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
packaging material
web
oral use
pouch
pouched
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21164834.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4062773A1 (de
Inventor
Per-Anders WIBERG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swedish Match North Europe AB
Original Assignee
Swedish Match North Europe AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swedish Match North Europe AB filed Critical Swedish Match North Europe AB
Priority to EP21164834.0A priority Critical patent/EP4062773B1/de
Priority to PCT/EP2022/056563 priority patent/WO2022200107A1/en
Publication of EP4062773A1 publication Critical patent/EP4062773A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4062773B1 publication Critical patent/EP4062773B1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B13/00—Tobacco for pipes, for cigars, e.g. cigar inserts, or for cigarettes; Chewing tobacco; Snuff
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/16—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F23/00—Cases for tobacco, snuff, or chewing tobacco
    • A24F23/02—Tobacco pouches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B29/00—Packaging of materials presenting special problems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
    • B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
    • B65B9/20—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
    • B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
    • B65B9/20—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles
    • B65B9/2056—Machines for packages of special type or form
    • B65B9/2063—The webs being spirally wound around the filling nozzle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pouched product for oral use.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a pouched product for oral use.
  • a pouched product for oral use may be produced by measuring a portion of a filling material, e.g. a smokeless tobacco composition, and enclosing the portion into a packaging material forming a saliva-permeable pouch enclosing the filling material.
  • a filling material e.g. a smokeless tobacco composition
  • US 4,703,765 discloses a device and a method for packaging precise amounts of finely divided tobacco products, such as snuff tobacco or the like, in a packaging material into which snuff portions are injected via a fill tube.
  • a flat web of packaging material is formed into a tubular web around the fill tube by means of longitudinal heat-sealing. Downstream from the fill tube, heat-sealing means are positioned for transverse sealing of the packaging material, and also cutting means for severing the packaging material in the area of the transverse seal to thus form discrete or individual portion packages.
  • a pouched product made in the device disclosed in US 4,703,765 thus has a longitudinal seal, used to seal the flat web of packaging material in a tubular shape and to hold it there, as well as two transverse seals at a respective transverse edge of the pouched product.
  • Pouched products for oral use may alternatively be produced by placing portions of a filling material, such as moist snuff, on a nonwoven web using a pouch packer machine in accordance with the device disclosed in US 6,135,120 .
  • This device comprises feeding means for feeding the tobacco material into pockets formed in a rotary portioning wheel for portioning the material into portions, at least one compression means for compressing the tobacco material portions, a unit for advancing a packaging material, such as a nonwoven web, in synchrony with the portions, at least one discharge means for discharging the portions from the pockets to the packaging material, and a forming unit for forming individual portion-packages, i.e. pouched products for oral use, from the discharged portions and the packaging material.
  • the packaging material has the form of a tape.
  • the compression means are arranged to compress the portions in a direction which differs from the discharging and the feeding directions.
  • the compression is preferably effected in a direction perpendicular to the discharging and the feeding directions.
  • the compression may be effected in the axial direction of the portioning wheel whereas the feeding and discharging may be effected in the radial direction of the wheel.
  • the pouched product made in the device disclosed in US 6,135,120 has a longitudinal seal used to form the planar tape of packaging material into a tubular web, as well as a two transverse seals at a respective transverse edge of the pouched product.
  • US2011203601 A1 discloses a pouched product and a method for its manufacture.
  • the pouch is made by folding a sheet enclosing a flavour, closing it at two ends and sealing a longitudinal overlapping region through heat and slight pressure.
  • US2018140007 A1 teaches a pouch having a longitudinal seal connected by an adhesive.
  • the seal may be made by welding.
  • US2012067362 A1 and US2010218779 A1 show the manufacture of a pouch by forming a tube from a sheet material, sealing one side of it, applying a longitudinal seal by heat-welding, filling it with filling material, and closing the other side, thereby completing the pouch.
  • US4277302 A and DE29503132 U1 disclose the making of bags, whereby the bags are made from a sheet that is wound spirally in tube-form. The bags are closed by press-sealing the ends.
  • the object of the present disclosure is to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art, or to provide a useful alternative.
  • the present invention relates to a pouched product for oral use according to claim 1.
  • the pouched product comprises a portion of a filling material and a pouch enclosing the filling material.
  • the pouch has a generally rectangular shape with a first pair of opposing side edges and a second pair of opposing side edges.
  • the pouch is formed from a piece of packaging material, which is saliva-permeable and has a pair of opposing side edges.
  • the pouch comprises two seals only, each seal being located at or adjacent to a corresponding one of the second pair of opposing side edges of the pouch.
  • a first edge portion of the piece of packaging material is arranged in an overlap with another portion of the piece of packaging material, a major part of the overlapping portions of the piece of packaging material being connected only by surface friction.
  • the pouched product may be a pouched nicotine containing product for oral use, a pouched tobacco product for oral use and/or a pouched nicotine free product for oral use.
  • the pouched product for oral use is normally sized and configured to fit comfortably and discreetly in a user's mouth between the upper or lower gum and the lip.
  • the pouched product is placed as a whole in the mouth, i.e. not only the filling material but also the enclosing pouch.
  • the pouched product is not intended to be swallowed or eaten. Instead, the pouch is removed from the mouth after the use and disposed of.
  • the pouch of the pouched product comprises only two seals, each seal being located at or adjacent to a corresponding one of the second pair of opposing side edges of the pouch.
  • the seals are typically denoted transverse edge seals, since they are made in a cross-machine direction of the apparatus for manufacturing the pouched product, i.e. in the transverse direction of the pouched product.
  • the seals may be made by any method known to the skilled person, e.g. by means of heat-sealing and/or ultrasonic welding.
  • the seals preferably extend all the way out to the respective side edge, but there may also be an interspace between the seals and the respective side edge where the packaging material is un-sealed.
  • seal is implied a permanent connection between elements such as layers of a pouched product as disclosed herein.
  • the seal is produced by actively connecting the elements in a sealing operation, such as by heat-sealing, also called thermal welding, ultrasonic welding, and/or by means of adhesive.
  • edge portion of a piece of packaging material denotes a portion of the piece of packaging material located at or adjacent to one edge of the pair of opposing side edges of the piece of packaging material.
  • the surface of the edge portion may form up to 50% of the whole surface of the piece of packaging material. It may for example form in the range of 2-50% or 5-45% or 10-40% or 20-30% of the whole surface of the piece of packaging material.
  • the overlapping portions are connected to each other only by surface friction, i.e. the overlapping portions are not connected by a seal.
  • a minor part, i.e. less than 50%, preferably less than 30%, more preferably less than 10%, most preferably less than 5%, of the overlapping portions of the piece of packaging material may extend into and be included in the transverse edge seals of the pouch.
  • the edge of the first edge portion may then be perpendicular to the transverse edge seals of the pouch or at an angle thereto deviating from 90°, as is further described herein.
  • the longitudinal seal or seals used in prior art products can be dispensed with. This saves an operation step in manufacturing of the pouched products, which makes manufacturing less complex.
  • a seal made by welding or by application of adhesive between layers of material may be perceived by a user as being stiff and chafing against the mucous membranes in the oral cavity.
  • the other portion of the piece of packaging material being overlapped by the first edge portion may be a second edge portion and/or or any other portion of the piece of packaging material.
  • the pouched product for oral use described herein may be dry, semi-dry or moist.
  • dry pouched products have a moisture content of less than 10 wt% and moist pouched products have a moisture content of above 40 wt%.
  • Semi-dry pouched products have a moisture content between 10 wt% and 40 wt%.
  • the pouched product may be flavoured by mixing the flavour in the filling material during manufacturing. Additionally or alternatively, the flavour may be added to the pouched product after it has been manufactured.
  • tobacco any part, e.g., leaves, stems, and stalks, of any member of the genus Nicotiana.
  • the tobacco may be whole, shredded, threshed, cut, ground, cured, aged, fermented, or treated otherwise, e.g. granulated or encapsulated.
  • tobacco material is used herein for tobacco leaves or parts of leaves, such as lamina and stem.
  • the leaves and parts of leaves may be finely divided (disintegrated), such as ground, cut, shredded or threshed, and the parts of leaves may be blended in defined proportions in the tobacco material.
  • the filling material may comprise a finely divided tobacco material such as a ground tobacco material or cut tobacco.
  • the filling material may further comprise at least one of the following: water, salt (e.g. sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, and any combinations thereof), pH adjuster, flavouring agent, cooling agent, heating agent, sweetening agent, colorant, humectant (e.g. propylene glycol or glycerol), antioxidant, preservative (e.g. potassium sorbate), binder, disintegration aid.
  • the filling material comprises or consists of finely divided tobacco material, salt such as sodium chloride, and a pH adjuster.
  • the nicotine of the filling material may be synthetic nicotine and/or nicotine extract from tobacco plants. Further, the nicotine may be present in the form of nicotine base and/or a nicotine salt.
  • the nicotine salt may be free, i.e. it is mixed with the other components of the pouched product without combining chemically with the components. Additionally or alternatively, the nicotine salt may combine chemically with one or more components of the filling material. For instance, the nicotine salt may combine with alginate particles or cellulose.
  • moisture content refers to the total amount of oven volatile ingredients, such as water and other oven volatiles (e.g. propylene glycol) in the preparation, composition or product referred to.
  • the moisture content may be given herein as percent by weight (wt%) of the total weight of the preparation, composition or product referred to. If not stated otherwise, moisture content is herein given in relation to the weight of the filling material.
  • the moisture content as referred to herein may be determined by using a method based on literature references Federal Register/ vol.74, no. 4/712-719/Wednesday, January 7, 2009/Notices "Total moisture determination " and AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemics), Official Methods of Analysis 966.02: " Moisture in Tobacco” (1990), Fifth Edition, K. Helrich (ed ).
  • the moisture content is determined gravimetrically by taking 2.5 ⁇ 0.25 g sample and weighing the sample at ambient conditions, herein defined as being at a temperature of 22°C and a relative humidity of 60%, before evaporation of moisture and after completion of dehydration.
  • Mettler Toledo's Moisture Analyzer HB43 a balance with halogen heating technology, is used (instead of an oven and a balance as in the mentioned literature references) in the values described herein.
  • the sample is heated to 105°C (instead of 99.5 ⁇ 0.5°C as in the mentioned literature references).
  • the measurement is stopped when the weight change is less than 1 mg during a 90 seconds time frame.
  • the moisture content as weight percent of the sample is then calculated automatically by the Moisture Analyzer HB43.
  • Pouched products for oral use may or may not be post-moisturized after pouch formation.
  • Pouched products which are not post-moisturized are herein referred to as non-post-moisturized.
  • Post-moisturized pouched products may be produced by spraying water on the pouched product before packaging the pouched products in user containers.
  • Post-moisturized pouches are sometimes referred to as "original" products.
  • Non-post-moisturized pouched products are sometimes referred to as "white” products and are by some consumers considered to have a more appealing visual appearance.
  • the moisture content of the final pouched product comprising a moist or semi-dry snuff or snus product is normally within the range of from 25 to 55 wt% based on the weight of the pouched product.
  • the saliva-permeable packaging material which is used for the pouch, is typically a nonwoven material, such as viscose. It may include a chemical binder. Nonwoven materials are fabrics that are neither woven nor knitted. Methods for the manufacturing nonwoven materials are commonly known in the art.
  • the packaging material is typically provided in a web-shaped or sheet-shaped format.
  • Pouched products for oral use are normally sized and configured to fit comfortably and discreetly in a user's mouth between the upper or lower gum and the lip.
  • pouched products for oral use have a generally rectangular shape as seen in a top view, while being pillow-like when seen in a three-dimensional view.
  • Some typical shapes (length x width) of commercially available pouched products for oral use are, for instance, 35 mm x 20 mm, 34/35 mm x 14 mm, 33/34 mm x 18 mm, 27/28 mm x 14 mm, 34 mm x 10 mm and 38 x 14 mm.
  • Typical pouched products for oral use may have a maximum length within the range of from 25 to 40 mm along the longitudinal direction of the pouched product and a maximum width within the range of from 5 to 20 mm along the transverse direction of the pouched product.
  • the thickness ("height") of the pouched product is normally within the range of from 2 to 8 mm.
  • the total weight of commercially available pouched products for oral use are typically within the range from about 0.3 to about 3.5 g, such as from about 0.5 to 1.7 g, per pouched product.
  • a user container typically contains in the range of 10-30 pouched products, such as in the range of 20-25 pouched products.
  • the pouched products may be placed randomly in the user container or in a pattern, for instance as described in WO 2012/069505 A1 .
  • the user container as disclosed herein is consumer package having a shape and a size adapted for conveniently carrying the consumer package in a pocket or in a handbag and may be used for packaging any known type of pouched product for oral use.
  • tubular refers to any cross-sectional shape; specifically, it is not restricted to a circular tubular web.
  • the piece of tubular web may e.g. have a square, polygonal, elliptical or oval cross-sectional shape.
  • the piece of tubular web has a closed circumference, such that the piece of tubular web is able to retain the filling material inside the piece of tubular web.
  • the overlap between the portions may have a width in the range of 3-40 mm, preferably 4-30 mm, more preferably 5-25 mm, most preferably 10-20 mm.
  • the width of the overlap is determined as the narrowest width of the overlap.
  • the width of the overlap is typically selected to be sufficiently wide to reduce, or preferably avoid, the risk of filling material leaking out from the pouch.
  • the overlap may constitute in the range of 5%-100% of an exterior surface of the pouch, preferably 10%-95%, more preferably 20%-90%, most preferably 25%-80%. There may hence be surface portions of the pouch with no overlap.
  • the exterior surface is the total outer surface of the pouch. Hence, both outer sides of the rectangular pouched product are included.
  • the part of the overlapping portions of the piece of packaging material connected only by surface friction may constitute at least 50% of a surface area of the overlap, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90%, most preferably at least 95%.
  • a minor part of the overlapping portions of the piece of packaging material i.e. less than 50%, preferably less than 30%, more preferably less than 10%, most preferably less than 5%, may extend into and be included in the transverse edge seals of the pouch.
  • the piece of packaging material forming the pouch may comprise or be constituted by at least one web-shaped piece of packaging material being helically wound thereby forming adjacent revolutions, wherein the first edge portion of packaging material in the overlap is an edge portion of one revolution and the other portion in the overlap is an edge portion of an adjacent revolution. It is also feasible to use more than one web-shaped piece of packaging material, e.g. two, with one of the web-shaped pieces of packaging material being located inside the other. In that case, the two web-shaped pieces of packaging material may be wound in the same helical manner or may be wound in different ways.
  • an edge of the first edge portion may have an angle in the range of 5°-85° in relation to an extension direction of the seals, i.e. the transverse edge seals of the pouch, preferably in the range of 10°- 75°, more preferably in the range of 15°- 65°, most preferably in the range of 20°- 50°.
  • the pouch may comprise an edge of the first edge portion being arranged perpendicularly, or substantially perpendicularly, to the two seals of the pouch.
  • the edge extends in a direction often referred to as a longitudinal direction of the pouched product, since it coincides with a machine direction of the apparatus for manufacturing the pouched product.
  • the piece of packaging material may comprise or be constituted by a single sheet of packaging material formed such that opposite edge portions of the sheet are arranged in the overlap.
  • the sheet may be a cut piece of a web-shaped packaging material.
  • the side edges of the web-shaped piece of packaging material may be arranged such that they coincide with the two long side edges of the pouched product.
  • the width of the respective edge portions each forms about 1/3 of the width of the web-shaped piece of packaging material, such that the overlap forms about half the exterior surface of the pouch.
  • the piece of packaging material may comprise or be constituted by two sheets of the packaging material arranged such that they at least partly overlap, one of the sheets being arranged inside the other sheet, i.e. with an outer surface of the inner sheet facing an inner surface of the outer sheet.
  • the outer surface of a pouch material is the surface facing away from the filling material in the pouch and the inner surface of the pouch material is the surface facing towards the filling material in the pouch.
  • the overlap may then constitute in the range of 90%-100% of an exterior surface of the pouch, preferably 95%-100%.
  • a degree of filling of the pouch by the portion of the filling material may be in the range of 40%-100%, preferably in the range of 50%-90%, more preferably in the range of 60%-80%.
  • the filling material presses the packaging material of the pouch outwards, which helps the pouch to keep its intended shape. Furthermore, the filling material may thereby help to hold the overlapping portions in contact with each other in the overlap.
  • the degree of filling is measured by comparing the actual amount of filling material enclosed in the pouch with the case when that pouch is maximally filled with that filling material. Hence, the comparison is made for the actual pouch with the actual filling material. 100% denotes that the pouch is maximally filled.
  • the measurement is made at set ambient conditions, with a temperature of 22°C and a relative humidity of 60%. However, the overlap could be held by surface friction also for a theoretical case with 0% filling material.
  • the packaging material may have a kinetic coefficient of friction of at least 0.03, preferably at least 0.05, more preferably at least 0.07 as measured with ASTM D1894. This level of the coefficient of friction has proven to give adequate surface friction in the overlap.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a pouched product for oral use as defined in claim 12.
  • the method comprises:
  • the pouched product which is produced by the method is typically the pouched product for oral use as described herein.
  • the pouched product for oral use as described herein may be manufactured by the method as described herein.
  • the details described for herein for the pouched product for oral use are valid for the method as well. Further, the effects and advantages described for the pouched product for oral use are valid for the method as well and will not be described again.
  • the longitudinal direction of the pouched product typically corresponds to the machine direction of an apparatus for manufacturing the pouched product for oral use.
  • the transverse direction typically corresponds to the cross-machine direction of the apparatus for manufacturing the pouched product.
  • the transverse seals formed in steps c) and e) are perpendicular to, or at least substantially perpendicular to, the machine direction of the apparatus for manufacturing the pouched product.
  • the transverse seal may be made by any method known to the skilled person, e.g. by means of heat-sealing and/or ultrasonic welding.
  • the method may further comprise: f) separating the pouched product from a subsequent pouched product in or at the second transverse seal.
  • step e) will correspond to step c) when the subsequent pouched product for oral use is manufactured.
  • Step b) may comprise winding the web-shaped packaging material in a helical manner to form the tubular web, the edge portions of adjacent revolutions being arranged in the overlap.
  • step b) may comprise arranging an edge of the first edge portion in the longitudinal direction of the tubular web. This corresponds to the pouch comprising an edge of the first edge portion arranged perpendicularly, or substantially perpendicularly, to the two seals of the pouch.
  • the piece of packaging material comprises or is constituted by two sheets of the packaging material arranged such that they at least partly overlap, one of the sheets being arranged inside the other sheet.
  • the overlap may the constitute in the range of 90%-100% of an exterior surface of the pouch, preferably 95%-100%.
  • Fig. 1a and 1b schematically illustrate a pouched product 101 for oral use according to prior art, with Fig. 1a showing a top view and Fig. 1b showing a transverse cross-section taken along the dashed line in Fig. 1a .
  • the prior art product 101 has a rectangular shape with a maximum length Lo extending in a length direction, also referred to herein as a longitudinal direction, and a maximum width Wo extending in a width direction, also referred to herein as a transverse direction, whereby the maximum length L 0 is greater than the maximum width Wo.
  • the prior art pouched product 101 comprises a filling material 102 and a saliva-permeable pouch 104 enclosing the filling material 102.
  • the prior art product 101 comprises two long side edges 103a, 103b and two short side edges 105a, 105b.
  • the prior art product 101 also has a maximum height H 0 extending in a height direction, being perpendicular to the length direction and to the width direction, not seen in the top view of Fig. 1a , but indicated in Fig. 1b .
  • the prior art pouched product 101 comprises at least one seal 107 extending in the length direction.
  • This seal is often called a longitudinal seal, since, when manufacturing the prior art product 101, this seal is made along the direction of travel of the web forming the pouch 104.
  • the longitudinal seal is often positioned spaced apart from the long side edges 103a, 103b. Thereby it is often preferred to position it at or close to the longitudinal centre-line, as is illustrated in Fig. 1a .
  • the longitudinal seal 107 may be made by any method known to the skilled person, e.g. by means of heat-sealing and/or ultrasonic welding.
  • the longitudinal seal 107 is formed as a fin seal, which is folded down upon the packaging material, such that the pouch 104 locally comprises three plies of packaging material on top of the filling material. See the cross-sectional view in Fig. 1b , where the three plies on top of each other are illustrated in an exaggerated way to make the three plies visible.
  • the prior art pouched product 101 further comprises two seals 109a, 109b extending in the width direction.
  • the two seals 109a, 109b seal the two short side edges 105a, 105b and thus form edge seals.
  • These seals 109a, 109b are often called transverse edge seals, since, when manufacturing the prior art product 101, these edge seals are made transverse to the direction of travel of the web forming the pouch.
  • the packaging material forming the saliva-permeable pouch is double.
  • the transverse edge seals 109a, 109b may be made by any method known to the skilled person, e.g. by means of heat-sealing and/or ultrasonic welding.
  • the longitudinal seal 107 is included in the transverse edge seals 109a, 109b, i.e. the longitudinal seal 107 forms part of the transverse edge seals 109a, 109b.
  • the longitudinal seal 107 may e.g. be welded into the transverse edge seals 109a, 109b. There will then locally be four plies of packaging material on top of each other.
  • Fig. 2a-c schematically illustrate a pouched product 201 for oral use according to the invention, with Fig. 2a showing a top view, Fig. 2b showing a transverse cross-section and Fig. 2c showing a longitudinal cross-section, with the cross-sections taken along the dashed lines of Fig. 2a .
  • the pouched product 201 comprises a filling material 202 and a saliva-permeable pouch 204 enclosing the filling material 202.
  • the pouch 204 is formed by a web-shaped piece of packaging material being helically wound.
  • the pouched product 201 according to the invention has a rectangular shape and comprises two long side edges 203a, 203b and two short side edges 205a, 205b. Similar to the prior art pouched product 101, the pouched product 201 according to the invention comprises two transverse seals but, contrary to prior art, it has no longitudinal seal. The transverse seals form a first 209a and a second transverse edge seal 209b sealing along the two short side edges 205a, 205b of the pouched product 201.
  • the transverse edge seals 209a, 209b preferably extend all the way out to the respective short side edge 205a, 205b, but there may also be an interspace between the transverse edge seal 209a, 209b and the short side edge 205a, 205b where the packaging material is left un-sealed.
  • the transverse seals 209a, 209b may be made by any method known to the skilled person, e.g. by means of heat-sealing, and/or ultrasonic welding, with ultrasonic welded seals shown in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the pouch 204 has a maximum length L extending in a length direction and a maximum width W extending in a width direction, whereby the maximum length L is greater than the maximum width W.
  • the pouched product 201 also has a maximum height H extending in a height direction, being perpendicular to the length direction and to the width direction, not seen in the top view of Fig. 2a , but seen in the views of Fig. 2b and 2c .
  • the maximum width W is measured at the short side edge 205a, 205b where the pouched product 201 only has the height of twice the thickness of the packaging material.
  • a web-shaped piece 301 of packaging material has a narrowest width a and a pair of opposing side edges, with a first side edge 311a and a second side edge 311b, see Fig. 3a .
  • a first edge portion 313a and a second edge portion 313b of the web-shaped piece 301 of packaging material are located at the edge of the respective side edges.
  • each edge portion 313a, 313b extends about 20% of the whole surface of the web-shaped piece 301 of packaging material.
  • the web-shaped piece 301 of packaging material is helically wound, e.g. around a tube 305 having a diameter d, see Fig. 3b , such that a tubular web 307 is formed.
  • the tube 305 may e.g. be a fill tube of an apparatus for manufacturing oral pouched products.
  • a centre axis A of the tube 305 extends in a longitudinal direction of the tubular web 307.
  • the tubular web 307 has a circumference being given by the outer circumference of the tube 305, i.e. ⁇ d.
  • the web-shaped piece 301 of packaging material forms adjacent revolutions, which overlap with each other.
  • the first edge portion of packaging material in the overlap is a first edge portion 313a of one revolution and the other portion in the overlap is a second edge portion 313b of an adjacent revolution.
  • the width b of the overlap between adjacent revolutions is about to 20% of the width a of the web-shaped piece 301 of packaging material in the illustrated embodiment. Since there is an overlap of about 20% for both the preceding and the subsequent revolutions, the total overlap in relation to the width a of the web-shaped piece of packaging material is b+b, i.e. about 40%.
  • An edge of the first edge portion 313a i.e.
  • the first side edge 311a of the web-shaped piece 301 of packaging material has an angle ⁇ in the range of 5°- 85° in relation to an extension direction of the transverse edge seals to be made when forming the pouch, preferably in the range of 10°- 75°, more preferably in the range of 15°- 65°, most preferably in the range of 20°- 50°, in Fig. 3b illustrated as 40°.
  • the overlap between adjacent revolutions is close to 50% of the width of the web-shaped piece of packaging material. Since there is an overlap of close to 50% for both the preceding and the subsequent revolutions, the total overlap in relation to the web-shaped piece of packaging material is close to 100%.
  • One of the side edges 211a of the web-shaped piece of packaging material can be seen on the outside of the pouch 204, while the other side edge 211b is located inside the pouch 204, see Fig. 2c .
  • the first edge portion 213a adjacent to the first side edge 211a overlaps with the second edge portion 213b of the adjacent revolution.
  • the first side edge 211a has an angle ⁇ in the range of 5°- 85° in relation to an extension direction of the transverse edge seals of the pouch, preferably in the range of 10°- 75°, more preferably in the range of 15°- 65°, most preferably in the range of 20°- 50°, see Fig. 2a wherein it is illustrated as 45°.
  • the maximum width W of the pouched product 201 is half the circumference of the tubular web, e.g. ⁇ d/2 if the tubular web of Fig. 3b is used.
  • the filling material 202 presses the packaging material of the pouch outwards, which helps the pouch 204 to keep its intended shape.
  • the filling material 202 may further help to hold the overlapping portions 231a, 213b in contact with each other in the overlap by expanding the pouch 204 from the inside.
  • a degree of filling of the pouch by the portion of the filling material may in the range of 40%-100%, preferably in the range of 50%-90%, more preferably in the range of 60%-80%. However, the overlap could be held by surface friction also for a theoretical case with 0% filling material.
  • the packaging material may be selected to have a kinetic coefficient of friction of at least 0.03, preferably at least 0.05, more preferably at least 0.07 as measured with ASTM D1894. This level of the coefficient of friction has proven to give adequate surface friction to hold the overlapping portions in the overlap. Further, the width of the overlap will influence the ability to hold the overlapping portions in the overlap. Hence, it may be appropriate to use a material with a higher coefficient of friction if the overlap is narrow as compared to a pouched product with a wider overlap.
  • Fig. 1a and Fig. 2a show a typical width for transverse edge seals made with ultrasonic welding, which may have a width of less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1 mm, more preferably less than 0.5 mm. If instead using the commonly known technology of heat-sealing, the seal would typically be wider, e.g. in the range of 2-5 mm, which can be seen for the longitudinal seal 107 of the prior art product 101.
  • a reference product made according to prior art looking like the prior art embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1a and 1b , was compared to a sample product made according to the first embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 2a-2c .
  • the reference product was ZYN Spearmint Mini Dry, which is a commercially available product, having article no 7909.
  • the reference product comprised a longitudinal seal made by heat-sealing.
  • Both the reference product and the sample product comprised transverse edge seals made by ultrasonic welding.
  • the pouch of the sample product consisted of the same type of packaging material as the pouch of the reference product.
  • the packaging material of the sample product was helically wound with an overlap of close to 50% for both the preceding and subsequent revolution, see Fig. 2a-c .
  • the filling material i.e. the content enclosed by the pouch, being a granulate in this example, was of the same type for the sample product as for the reference product.
  • the degree of filling of the pouch by the portion of the filling material was about 70% for both the reference product and the sample product.
  • the moisture content of the filling material was 1,57% for both the reference product and the sample product.
  • the weight of both the reference product and the sample product was 0.40 g. It then turned out that the reference product comprised in average 0.37 g filling material per pouch and the sample product 0.33 g filling material per pouch.
  • Test procedure The filling material leakage test was performed on a Retsch/ AS 200 control vibrating sieve with a mesh size of 1.7 mm. First 20 pouches of the reference product were placed on the sieve and vibrated for 1 minute with an amplitude of 1 mm, then 20 pouches of the sample product were placed on the sieve and vibrated for 1 minute with an amplitude of 1 mm.
  • Fig. 4a-b schematically illustrate a pouched product 401 for oral use according to another embodiment of the invention, with Fig. 4a showing a top view and Fig. 4b a transverse cross-section taken along the dashed line.
  • the pouch 404 is formed by a single sheet, the sheet being a cut-off portion of the web-shaped piece of packaging material. Opposite edge portions 413a, 413b of the sheet are arranged in the overlap, as can be seen in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 4b , with the first edge portion being outside the second edge portion 413b.
  • the pouch 404 comprises two transverse edge seals 409a, 409b, but no longitudinal seal.
  • the side edges 411a, 411b of the web-shaped piece of packaging material are arranged such that they coincide with the two long side edges 403a, 403b of the pouched product.
  • the side edges 411a, 411b are perpendicular to the transverse edge seals 409a, 409b.
  • the widths of the respective edge portions 413a, 413b each forms about 1/3 of the width of the sheet, such that the overlap forms about half the exterior surface of the pouch 404.
  • Fig. 5a-b schematically illustrate a pouched product 501 for oral use according to another embodiment of the invention, with Fig. 5a showing a top view and Fig. 5b a transverse cross-section taken along the dashed line.
  • the pouch 504 is formed by a first sheet 515 of packaging material and a second sheet 517 of packaging material arranged such that they at least partly overlap, the second sheet 517 being arranged inside the first sheet 515.
  • the first sheet 515 comprises two edge portions 513a, 513b located at a respective side edge 511a, 511b of the sheet.
  • the second sheet 517 comprises two edge portions 521a, 521b located at a respective side edge 519a, 519b of the sheet.
  • the pouch 504 further comprises two transverse edge seals 509a, 509b, but no longitudinal seal.
  • the width of each sheet 515, 517 is about as large as the circumference of the pouch 504.
  • the side edges 511a, 511b of the first sheet 515 are arranged such that they almost meet each other.
  • the side edges 519a, 519b of the second sheet 517 are arranged such that they almost meet each other.
  • the side edges 511a, 511b, 519a, 519b are perpendicular to the transverse edge seals 509a, 509b.
  • the widths of the respective edge portions 513a, 513b; 521a, 521b each forms about 50% of the width of the sheets 515, 517, such that the overlap forms about 100% of the exterior surface of the pouch 504.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a method 601 for manufacturing a pouched product for oral use.
  • the pouched product of the method typically is the pouched product 201, 401, 501 for oral use as described herein.
  • the pouched product 201, 401, 501 for oral use as described herein may be manufactured by the method 601 as described herein.
  • the details for the pouched product 201, 401, 501 for oral use, e.g. described in conjunction with Fig. 2-5 are valid for the method as well.
  • the method 601 comprises:
  • the longitudinal direction of the pouched product 201, 401, 501 typically corresponds to the machine direction of an apparatus for manufacturing the pouched product for oral use, in Figure 3b illustrated by the longitudinal direction along the central axis A of the tube 305.
  • the transverse direction typically corresponds to the cross-machine direction of the apparatus for manufacturing the pouched product.
  • the transverse seals formed in steps c) and e) are perpendicular to, or at least substantially perpendicular to, the machine direction of the apparatus for manufacturing the pouched product.
  • the transverse seal may be made by any method known to the skilled person, e.g. by means of heat-sealing and/or ultrasonic welding.
  • the method may further comprise: f) separating the pouched product from a subsequent pouched product in or at the second transverse seal.
  • step e) will correspond to step c) when the subsequent pouched product for oral use is manufactured.
  • Step b) may comprise winding the web-shaped packaging material 301 in a helical manner to form the tubular web 307, the edge portions 313a, 313b of adjacent revolutions being arranged in the overlap. Reference is thereby made to the helical winding shown in Fig. 3a-3b and the text describing those figures.
  • the resulting pouched product may look like the pouched product 201 illustrated in Fig. 2a-c .
  • step b) may comprise arranging an edge 411a; 511a of the first edge portion 413a; 513a in the longitudinal direction of the tubular web.
  • the resulting pouched product may look like the pouched products 401, 501 illustrated in Fig. 4a-5b .
  • the method step b) then corresponds to the pouch 404, 504 comprising an edge 411a, 511a of the first edge portion 413a, 513 being arranged perpendicularly to, or substantially perpendicularly to, the two seals 409a, 409b; 509a, 509b of the pouch 404, 504.
  • the piece of packaging material comprises or is constituted by two sheets of the packaging material arranged such that they at least partly overlap, one of the sheets being arranged inside the other sheet.
  • the overlap may the constitute in the range of 90%-100% of an exterior surface of the pouch, preferably 95%-100%.
  • Fig. 5a-b An example of such a product is illustrated in Fig. 5a-b , wherein the saliva-permeable web-shaped packaging material corresponds to the first sheet 515 and the additional saliva-permeable web-shaped packaging material corresponds to the second sheet 517.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Eingebeuteltes Produkt (201) zur oralen Verwendung,
    wobei das eingebeutelte Produkt (201) eine Portion eines Füllmaterials (202) und einen Beutel (204) umfasst, der das Füllmaterial (202) umschließt,
    wobei der Beutel (204) eine im Allgemeinen rechteckige Form mit einem ersten Paar gegenüberliegender Seitenkanten (203a, 203b) und einem zweiten Paar gegenüberliegender Seitenkanten (205a, 205b) aufweist, wobei der Beutel (204) aus einem Stück Verpackungsmaterial (301) gebildet ist, wobei das Verpackungsmaterial (301) speicheldurchlässig ist und ein Paar gegenüberliegender Seitenkanten (311a, 311b) aufweist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    der Beutel (204) nur zwei Versiegelungen (209a, 209b) umfasst, wobei jede Versiegelung (209a, 209b) an oder benachbart zu einem entsprechenden des zweiten Paars gegenüberliegender Seitenkanten (205a, 205b) des Beutels (204) angeordnet ist, und
    ein erster Kantenabschnitt (213a) des Stücks Verpackungsmaterial in einer Überlappung mit einem anderen Abschnitt (213b) des Stücks Verpackungsmaterial angeordnet ist, wobei ein größerer Teil, nämlich 50 % oder mehr, der überlappenden Abschnitte (213a, 213b) des Stücks Verpackungsmaterial nur durch Oberflächenreibung und nicht durch eine Versiegelung, z. B. eine Versiegelung durch Heißsiegeln, Ultraschallschweißen und/oder mittels Klebstoff, verbunden ist.
  2. Eingebeuteltes Produkt (201) zur oralen Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Überlappung eine Breite (b) im Bereich von 3 bis 40 mm, vorzugsweise 4 bis 30 mm, bevorzugter 5 bis 25 mm, besonders bevorzugt 10 bis 20 mm aufweist, und/oder wobei die Überlappung im Bereich von 5 % bis 100 % einer Außenfläche des Beutels (204), vorzugsweise 10 % bis 95 %, bevorzugter 20 % bis 90 %, besonders bevorzugt 25 % bis 80 % ausmacht.
  3. Eingebeuteltes Produkt (201) zur oralen Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, wobei der Teil der überlappenden Abschnitte des Stücks Verpackungsmaterial, der nur durch Oberflächenreibung verbunden ist, mindestens 50 % eines Oberflächenbereichs der Überlappung ausmacht, vorzugsweise mindestens 70 %, bevorzugter mindestens 90 %, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 95 %.
  4. Eingebeuteltes Produkt (201) zur oralen Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
    wobei das Stück Verpackungsmaterial, das den Beutel (204) bildet, mindestens ein bahnförmiges Stück Verpackungsmaterial (301) umfasst oder aus diesem besteht, das schraubenförmig gewickelt ist, wodurch benachbarte Umdrehungen gebildet werden, wobei der erste Kantenabschnitt (213a) des Verpackungsmaterials in der Überlappung ein Kantenabschnitt einer Umdrehung ist und der andere Abschnitt in der Überlappung ein Kantenabschnitt (213b) einer benachbarten Umdrehung ist.
  5. Eingebeuteltes Produkt (201) zur oralen Verwendung nach Anspruch 4, wobei eine Kante (211a) des ersten Kantenabschnitts (213a) einen Winkel (a) im Bereich von 5° bis 85° in Bezug auf eine Erstreckungsrichtung der Versiegelungen (209a, 209b) aufweist, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 10° bis 75°, bevorzugter im Bereich von 15° bis 65°, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 20° bis 50°.
  6. Eingebeuteltes Produkt (201) zur oralen Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei eine Kante (221a) des ersten Kantenabschnitts (213a) senkrecht oder im Wesentlichen senkrecht zu den beiden Versiegelungen (209a, 209b) des Beutels (201) angeordnet ist.
  7. Eingebeuteltes Produkt (401) zur oralen Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 oder 6, wobei das Stück Verpackungsmaterial ein einzelnes Blatt umfasst oder daraus besteht, das so geformt ist, dass gegenüberliegende Kantenabschnitte (413a, 413b) des Blattes in der Überlappung angeordnet sind.
  8. Eingebeuteltes Produkt (501) zur oralen Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 oder 6, wobei das Stück Verpackungsmaterial zwei Blätter (515, 517) des Verpackungsmaterials umfasst oder aus diesen besteht, die so angeordnet sind, dass sie sich zumindest teilweise überlappen, wobei eines der Blätter innerhalb des anderen Blattes angeordnet ist.
  9. Eingebeuteltes Produkt (201) zur oralen Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei ein Füllungsgrad des Beutels (204) durch die Portion des Füllmaterials (202) im Bereich von 40 % bis 100 %, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 50 % bis 90 %, bevorzugter im Bereich von 60 % bis 80 % liegt.
  10. Eingebeuteltes Produkt (201) zur oralen Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Verpackungsmaterial einen kinetischen Reibungskoeffizienten von mindestens 0,03, vorzugsweise mindestens 0,05, bevorzugter mindestens 0,07, gemessen nach ASTM D1894, aufweist.
  11. Eingebeuteltes Produkt (201) zur oralen Verwendung nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das eingebeutelte Produkt (201) ein eingebeuteltes nikotinhaltiges Produkt zur oralen Verwendung, ein eingebeuteltes Tabakprodukt zur oralen Verwendung und/oder ein eingebeuteltes nikotinfreies Produkt zur oralen Verwendung ist.
  12. Verfahren (601) zur Herstellung eines eingebeutelten Produkts (201) zur oralen Verwendung, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:
    a) Bereitstellen eines speicheldurchlässigen bahnförmigen Verpackungsmaterials (301), wobei das bahnförmige Material (301) einen ersten Kantenabschnitt (313a) und einen zweiten Kantenabschnitt (313b) umfasst, die sich an gegenüberliegenden Seitenkanten des bahnförmigen Verpackungsmaterials (301) befinden,
    b) Bilden einer schlauchförmigen Bahn (307) des bahnförmigen Verpackungsmaterials durch Anordnen des ersten Kantenabschnitts (313a) des bahnförmigen Verpackungsmaterials in einer Überlappung mit einem anderen Abschnitt (313b) des bahnförmigen Verpackungsmaterials, wobei die Überlappung nur durch Oberflächenreibung und nicht durch eine Versiegelung verbunden ist, wobei sich die schlauchförmige Bahn (307) in einer Längsrichtung (A) erstreckt,
    c) Bereitstellen der schlauchförmigen Bahn (307) mit einer ersten Querversiegelung,
    d) Zuführen einer Portion eines Füllmaterials (202) in die schlauchförmige Bahn (307),
    e) Bereitstellen der schlauchförmigen Bahn (307) mit einer zweiten Querversiegelung, wodurch das eingebeutelte Produkt (201) gebildet wird.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei Schritt b) kein Versiegeln, wie etwa Heißsiegeln, Ultraschallschweißen oder Aufbringen von Klebstoff, umfasst.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, wobei Schritt b) das schraubenförmige Aufwickeln des bahnförmigen Verpackungsmaterials (301) zur Bildung der schlauchförmigen Bahn (307) umfasst, wobei die Kantenabschnitte (313a, 313b) benachbarter Umdrehungen in der Überlappung angeordnet sind oder wobei Schritt b) das Anordnen einer Kante (411a, 511a) des ersten Kantenabschnitts (413a, 513a) in der Längsrichtung der schlauchförmigen Bahn umfasst.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, wobei
    Schritt a) das Bereitstellen eines zusätzlichen speicheldurchlässigen bahnförmigen Verpackungsmaterials umfasst, das zwei Kantenabschnitte (521a, 521b) umfasst, die sich an gegenüberliegenden Kanten (519a, 519b) des zusätzlichen bahnförmigen Verpackungsmaterials befinden, und
    Schritt b) das Bilden einer schlauchförmigen Bahn aus dem bahnförmigen Verpackungsmaterial durch Anordnen des bahnförmigen Verpackungsmaterials und des zusätzlichen bahnförmigen Verpackungsmaterials, sodass sie sich zumindest teilweise überlappen, umfasst, wobei das zusätzliche bahnförmige Verpackungsmaterial dadurch innerhalb des bahnförmigen Verpackungsmaterials angeordnet wird.
EP21164834.0A 2021-03-25 2021-03-25 Eingebeuteltes produkt zur oralen verwendung Active EP4062773B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21164834.0A EP4062773B1 (de) 2021-03-25 2021-03-25 Eingebeuteltes produkt zur oralen verwendung
PCT/EP2022/056563 WO2022200107A1 (en) 2021-03-25 2022-03-14 Pouched product for oral use

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21164834.0A EP4062773B1 (de) 2021-03-25 2021-03-25 Eingebeuteltes produkt zur oralen verwendung

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EP4062773A1 EP4062773A1 (de) 2022-09-28
EP4062773B1 true EP4062773B1 (de) 2024-04-24

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EP (1) EP4062773B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2022200107A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4703A (en) 1846-08-20 John needham
US765A (en) 1838-06-04 Mode of making and stretching the sacking op bedsteads
US4277302A (en) * 1979-09-07 1981-07-07 Philip Reid Apparatus for advancing sheet material
US4703765A (en) 1983-09-09 1987-11-03 United States Tobacco Company Precise portion packaging machine
DE29503132U1 (de) * 1995-02-24 1996-07-04 Sperner Franz Verpackung, vorzugsweise Umverpackung und Einrichtung zum Herstellen derartiger Verpackungen
SE9603073L (sv) 1996-08-26 1997-11-17 Swedish Match Sverige Ab Anordning för förpackning av finfördelat, befuktat tobaksmaterial
US7950399B2 (en) * 2005-04-29 2011-05-31 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Non-tobacco pouch product
US8863755B2 (en) * 2009-02-27 2014-10-21 Philip Morris Usa Inc. Controlled flavor release tobacco pouch products and methods of making
GB201015216D0 (en) * 2010-09-13 2010-10-27 British American Tobacco Co Smokeless oral product
DK2457833T3 (da) 2010-11-26 2013-05-27 Swedish Match North Europe Ab Indretning til positionering af portionspakker
US20180271146A9 (en) * 2015-04-17 2018-09-27 Swedish Match North Europe Ab Oral pouched product having a rectangular shape
RS59517B1 (sr) 2015-12-02 2019-12-31 Swedish Match North Europe Ab Zaptivni uređaj

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EP4062773A1 (de) 2022-09-28

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