Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
  • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
  • H04W36/0064—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link of control information between different access points
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
  • H04W36/34—Reselection control
  • H04W36/36—Reselection control by user or terminal equipment
  • H04W36/362—Conditional handover

Definitions

• the conditional handover refers to a handover that includes one or more conditions that need to be met before the handover is executed by a user equipment.
• a user equipment may receive a conditional handover command to a candidate target base station.
• the conditional handover may include one or more conditions, which when satisfied, allow the execution of the conditional handover to the target base station. If the one or more conditions are not satisfied, the user equipment may not initiate the conditional handover to the target base station.
• an apparatus including at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: receive a conditional handover command including a condition for initiating the conditional handover to a target base station; decode a source configuration from a source base station; delay the detach from the source base station until at least after a target configuration is decoded for a target base station; detach, in accordance with the delay, from the source base station; initiate, in response to the condition being triggered and the detach, execution of the conditional handover to the target base station, when the apparatus complies with the target configuration; and initiate, in response to the condition being triggered and the detach, execution of re-establishment when the apparatus does not comply with the target configuration.
• the decode of the source configuration may include the decode of the condition and/or source cell configuration information for the source base station.
• the decode of the target configuration may be performed and include decoding a target cell configuration for the target cell.
• the apparatus may be further caused to at least receive a plurality of conditional handover commands, each of the plurality of conditional handover commands including a corresponding condition for initiating, when the corresponding condition is triggered, the conditional handover to a corresponding target base station.
• the source base station and the target base station may both be eNB type base stations.
• the source base station and the target base station may both be gNB type base stations.
• the source base station may be a gNB type base station and the target base station may be a eNB type base station.
• the source base station may be a eNB type base station and the target base station is a gNB type base station.
• the apparatus may determine whether the apparatus complies with the target configuration by at least decoding the abstract syntax notation one syntax of the target configuration.
• the apparatus may determine whether the apparatus complies with the target configuration by at least determining whether the apparatus is capable of utilizing the target configuration.
• the apparatus may determine whether the apparatus complies with the target configuration by at least determining whether apparatus is capable of utilizing the source configuration and the target configuration.
• the apparatus may be further caused to at least store information indicating the apparatus does not comply with the target configuration, and report the stored information as a radio link failure report to a network.
• an apparatus including at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: receive a conditional handover command including a condition for initiating the conditional handover to a target base station; decode a source configuration from a source base station; decode a target configuration for a target base station; delay a connection re-establishment, until after the condition for initiating the conditional handover to the target base station is triggered and when the apparatus does not comply with the target configuration; and initiate, in accordance with the delay, the connection re-establishment.
• the decode of the source configuration may include the decode of the condition and/or source cell configuration information for the source base station.
• the decode of the target configuration may include the decode of a target cell configuration for the target cell.
• the source base station and the target base station may both be eNB type base stations.
• the source base station and the target base station may both be gNB type base stations.
• the source base station may be a gNB type base station and the target base station may be a eNB type base station.
• the source base station may be a eNB type base station and the target base station is a gNB type base station.
• the apparatus may be further caused to at least send a message to the source base station when the decoded target configuration is not compliant.
• the connection re-establishment may include a connection re-establishment message including an indication of the re-establishment being in accordance with the delay.
• the apparatus may be further caused to at least store information indicating the re-establishment being in accordance with the delay, and report the stored information as a radio link failure report to a network.
• the apparatus may be further caused to at least receive a plurality of conditional handover commands, each of the plurality of conditional handover commands including a corresponding condition for initiating, when the corresponding condition is triggered, the conditional handover to a corresponding target base station.
• the apparatus may determine whether the apparatus complies with the target configuration by at least decoding the abstract syntax notation one syntax of the target configuration.
• the apparatus may determine whether the apparatus complies with the target configuration by at least determining whether the apparatus is capable of utilizing the target configuration.
• the apparatus may determine whether the apparatus complies with the target configuration by at least determining whether apparatus is capable of utilizing the source configuration and the target configuration
• FIG. 1 depicts an example of a signaling flow for a conditional handover, in accordance with some example embodiments
• FIG. 2A depicts an example of a conditional handover procedure for early decoding, in accordance with some example embodiments
• FIG. 2B depicts an example of a conditional handover procedure for late decoding, in accordance with some example embodiments;
• FIG. 2C depicts an example of a conditional handover in which the user equipment postpones a detach until the conditional handover’s target base station configuration information has been decoded, in accordance with some example embodiments;
• FIG. 3 depicts an example of a conditional handover in which the user equipment decodes the target base station’s configuration but postpones connection re-establishment until after the conditional handover’s condition is triggered, in accordance with some example embodiments;
• FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram of a portion of a 5G system, in accordance with some example embodiments.
• FIG. 5 depicts an example of a network node, in accordance with some example embodiments.
• FIG. 6 depicts an example of an apparatus, in accordance with some example embodiments.
• conditional handover CHO
• target base station configuration information during the conditional handover
• FIG. 1 depicts an example of a signaling flow 100 for a conditional handover, in accordance with some example embodiments.
• the user equipment 150 is connected to the source base station 115 according to a source cell configuration (also referred to herein as source base station configuration).
• the source cell configuration may include information for utilizing the radio interface between the user equipment 150 and the source base station 115.
• the source cell configuration information may include the physical layer configuration (e.g., control and data channel configuration), the user plane protocol configuration (e.g., MAC, RLC, PDCP, and SDAP configurations), control plane protocol configuration, and/or measurement configuration (e.g., system information and radio link monitoring configuration), and/or other information.
• the user equipment 150 may send to the source base station 115 a measurement report (which may be configured by the base station or other network node, for example).
• the base station may be an LTE eNB base station (as shown) or other type of base station such as a 5G gNB type base station.
• a configured measurement event such as an A3 event (which triggers when the UE detects that a target neighbor cell signal is an offset stronger than the serving cell signal) may trigger the user equipment to send a measurement report to the source base station 115.
• the network may configure the user equipment, so that this measurement reporting may be performed at an early stage to make sure that the radio conditions with the source base station are still sufficient to enable communication with the source base station.
• the source base station may prepare one or more candidate target base stations, such as the target base station 120 for a conditional handover. To that end, the source base station may send, at 104, to the target base station 120 a message indicative of a conditional handover request. The target base station 120 may respond, at 106, with a conditional handover acknowledged, which is received by the source base station 115.
• the source base station 115 may then send to the user equipment 150 a message indicating the configuration of a conditional handover command.
• the conditional handover command may include the target cell configuration (also referred to herein as the target base station configuration) to be used by user equipment 150, when communicating with target base station 120.
• This message may also include one or more conditions to be monitored for triggering the execution of the conditional handover by the user equipment.
• this message may include the target base station’s 120 cell configuration information for accessing the target base station.
• This target cell configuration may include some of the same or similar items noted above with respect to the source cell configuration.
• target cell configuration may include the physical layer configuration for the target base station, user plane protocol configuration for the target base station, control plane protocol configuration for the target base station, and/or measurement configuration for the target base station.
• the target base station (or cell) configuration may be carried by the RRC configuration message, and include radio parameters (e.g., mobility thresholds, periodicities, and granularities for measurement reporting, etc.)
• the user equipment 150 may wait, at 110, for the conditional handover’s condition (which was provided at 108) to be satisfied and thus trigger initiation of the execution of the conditional handover to the target base station 120.
• This execution may take the form of a random access channel (RACH) procedure, such as the user equipment sending a RACH request message to the target base station.
• RACH random access channel
• the user equipment may only access the target base station when the conditional handover’s monitored condition is triggered (e.g., satisfied, expired, and/or the like).
• the condition may delay the handover to the target base station, and this delay may improve the likelihood that the radio conditions in the target base station are sufficient for execution of the handover, even though the handover preparation was done earlier at 102-108.
• conditional handover allows the handover command to be sent earlier at 108, when the user equipment is still safely within the coverage area of the source base station 115, without risking the access in, and the stability of the target base station.
• the monitored condition may be based on cell measurements, such as signal strength or signal quality.
• the condition may be an offset such as 3dB over the existing serving cell for a given time period (e.g. time to trigger), although other types of conditions and values for those conditions may be used as well.
• the conditional handover command at 108 may include, as noted, the target cell configuration information (e.g., radio configuration information for accessing the target base station 120, etc.).
• This cell configuration information may be generated by the target base station 120, and may be included in, for example, the handover request acknowledgement 106 sent to the source base station 115.
• the source base station 115 may then include the conditional handover command in a radio resource control (RRC) reconfiguration message along with the one or more conditions for triggering the conditional handover command.
• RRC radio resource control
• the source base station may ultimately determine the one or more conditions, while the target base station may determine other aspects of the CHO.
• the source base station 115 may send to the user equipment 150 the RRC reconfiguration message that includes the condition for the conditional handover to a candidate target base station and/or includes the target base stations’ configuration information.
• the conditional handover command and corresponding condition (which are sent at 107) is for a single target base station 120
• the RRC re configuration message(s) sent at 107 may include the conditional handover command (as well as the corresponding condition(s) and/or cell configuration information) for each of a plurality of target base stations.
• the source base station 115 may provide at 108 the conditional handover command and the corresponding condition for a second target base station 122 (and/or the cell configuration information to access that second target base station).
• the user equipment 150 may evaluate one or more of the plurality of conditions at 110. The condition that is triggered may result in a conditional handover command to the corresponding target base station.
• the user equipment executes, at 112 A, the conditional handover to the target base station 120. But if the second condition is satisfied, the user equipment executes, at 112B, the conditional handover to a second target base station 122.
• the user equipment 150 may be connected to a source base station 115, and may have at least one conditional handover configuration for at least one target base station, such as target base station 120.
• the conditional handover configuration may include a conditional handover command and one or more conditions under which the conditional handover may be executed (and/or the configuration information to access that first target base station).
• conditional handover configuration may include one or more conditional handover conditions for a given target base station 120 and/or may include the configuration of the target base station 120 (or cell) needed for accessing that target base station.
• the user equipment 150 may not immediately decode the target base station (or cell) configuration but may always decode the configuration of the one or more conditions.
• the user equipment may choose to initiate a connection re-establishment procedure, which causes the user equipment to drop its current connection and attempt to re-establish a connection to a base station/cell the user equipment decides is better according to radio conditions and/or the UE’s configuration (which could for example cause the user equipment to re-establish its connection back to the source base station or another base station, such as the target base station).
• the user equipment may detach from the source base station.
• the conditional handover execution condition is triggered at 110 for example, the user equipment 150 may decode the target base station’s 120 configuration, and then the user equipment may detach (typically done immediately after the conditional handover execution condition is triggered) from the source base station only after this decoding is completed.
• connection re-establishment there may be a delay (e.g., a postponement) of the connection re-establishment until the conditional handover’s condition is triggered (e.g., satisfied, expired, and/or the like).
• the user equipment 150 may decode the target base station’s 120 configuration before the conditional handover’s execution condition is triggered. But if the user equipment decides the conditional handover command cannot be complied with (e.g., due to an erroneous configuration, exceeding the UE capabilities, or decoding errors), the connection re establishment (which would typically be triggered immediately) is only triggered when the conditional handover’s condition is triggered.
• This delay of connection re-establishment may enable the user equipment to find another target base station for the conditional handover instead of the connection re-establishment.
• FIGs. 2A-2B depicts conditional handover procedures for early decoding (FIG. 2A at 200) and late decoding (FIG. 2B at 299).
• the user equipment 150 may only decode, at 202, the cell configuration information for the source base station 115 along with the conditional handover’s condition for execution of that conditional handover.
• the conditional handover execution condition triggers at 110
• the user equipment may then immediately detach, at 205, from the source base station.
• the user equipment may then decode, at 207, the target base station’s (cell) configuration information, which enables the user equipment to initiate the execution of the handover at 112A.
• FIG. 2B For late decoding (FIG. 2B), when receiving the conditional handover command at 108, the user equipment 150 may only decode, at 202, the cell configuration information for the source base station 115 along with the conditional handover’s condition for execution of that conditional handover.
• the conditional handover execution condition triggers at 110 the user equipment may then immediately detach, at 205, from the source base station.
• the user equipment may then decode, at 207, the target base station’s (cell) configuration information,
• the user equipment may decode, at 202 and 207, the source base station’s (cell) configuration information and the target base station’s 120 (cell) configuration information.
• This early decoding may avoid some of the increased user data interruption noted above. If the user equipment immediately detaches at 205 from the source base station (in order to initiate re establishment), this may be in vain because it is not clear at 205 whether the conditional handover can be executed to the target base station 120 (e.g., if the user equipment deems the target base station’s configuration information is decoded as non-compliant in a manner explained above).
• conditional handover may be executed to a different target base station, such as target base station 122 to which the user equipment complies with, or the conditional handover may not be executed at all if the user equipment decides to return to the source base station. In these and other cases, the connection re-establishment (and the associated interruption and signaling overhead) may be unnecessary.
• FIG. 2C depicts an example of a signaling flow 200, in accordance with some example embodiments.
• the user equipment 150 delays (e.g., postpones) the detach, at 294, until the conditional handover’s target base station (cell) configuration information has been decoded at 292.
• the user equipment may receive at 108 the target base station configuration information, but the user equipment delays a detach from the source base station 115 until after the decoding at 292 of the target base station configuration information.
• the interruption time needed for the decoding may be reduced since the decoding has been done prior to the conditional handover execution and while the user equipment 150 is still communicating with the source base station 115. This reduction may be on the order of 10-20 milliseconds, when compared to conditional handovers where the user equipment 120 detaches from source eNB 115 when triggering the conditional handover and only then decoding the conditional handover command, similarly as with conventional handover where the decoding of the handover command can only be done when the handover execution already starts.
• FIG. 3 depicts an example of a signaling flow 300, in accordance with some example embodiments.
• the user equipment 150 may decode, at 310, the target cell configuration received at 108.
• the user equipment may postpone a connection re-establishment to a base station until after the conditional handover’s condition is triggered at 110.
• This postponement may avoid unnecessary re-establishment with the associated signaling overhead and data interruption, if the user equipment executes the handover to another target, or if the network de-configures the CHO for the target before the conditional handover’s condition triggers.
• the conditional handover is trigger at 110, but the user equipment cannot comply with a target base station’s configuration.
• the detach from the source base station and corresponding connection re establishment may be unnecessary, when, for example, the user equipment has executed a conditional handover to another target base station or the user equipment chooses not to perform the conditional handover at all (e.g., the user equipment may choose to remain at the source base station).
• connection re-establishment at 315 is initiated only when the conditional handover condition is satisfied (at 110) that the target base station has an invalid (e.g., non-compliant, such as due to an erroneous configuration and/or the like as noted) configuration for that target base station.
• the connection re-establishment is triggered at 315.
• the user equipment may have a reasonable chance to initiate the conditional handover to another target base station or even to remove the non-compliant conditional handover configuration (e.g., by a de-configuration from the network).
• the term “re-establishment” refers to a so-called “fail-safe” procedure which causes the UE to try to “restart” its connection gracefully. To that end, the user equipment may detach from a current serving cell (without informing the serving cell), then select the best possible cell it can find and then attempts to recover the connection.
• the process 300 may include the user equipment 150 sending a message to the source base station, when the decoding of the target base station configuration reveals non-compliance with the cell configuration. For example, after the UE decodes the target base station’s cell configuration, the UE may determine that the cell configuration is non-compliant.
• connection re-establishment request that is triggered by a failed decoding of a conditional handover command may also indicate (to the source base station) that the re-establishment was postponed.
• the user equipment may detach from a serving cell, search for another candidate cell to connect to, and then send a re-establishment request to the selected cell (which might be the source, the target, or any other cell).
• This re-establishment request may include some information about the previous, source cell.
• this re establishment request may also include an indication that the re-establishment was postponed.
• the radio link failure (RLF) report may include information indicative of the postponement of re-establishment due to conditional handover command decoding failure to log the radio conditions at the time when the conditional handover command decoding failed.
• the UE may store failure related information and send it to the network when the UE connects again. This failure related information may be included in a RLF report.
• the RLF report may include information indicating the postponing of the re-establishment.
• FIGs. 2C and 3 depict the source and target base stations as the same type, such as an eNB type base station, the source and target base station may also both be 5G gNB type base stations as well.
• the source base station may be an eNB, while the target base station may be a gNB.
• the source base station may be a gNB, while the target base station may be an eNB.
• FIG. 4 depicts an example of a system 400 block diagram of a reference architecture for 5G, in accordance with some example embodiments.
• the 5G system may include a user equipment 564 (e.g., user equipment 150), a radio access network (RAN) 570 (e.g., an eNB or a gNB providing a radio access network serving one or more UEs), an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 572, a User Data Management (UDM) function 574, a Session Management Function (SMF) 576, a Policy Control Function (PCF) 580, an authentication function (AUSF) 588, an Application Function (AF) 550, and a data network 555.
• RAN radio access network
• AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
• UDM User Data Management
• SMF Session Management Function
• PCF Policy Control Function
• AUSF authentication function
• AF Application Function
• FIG. 5 depicts a block diagram of a network node 800, in accordance with some example embodiments.
• the network node 800 may be configured to provide one or more network side functions, such as a base station, AMF, PCF, AF, and/or other network nodes.
• the network node 800 may include a network interface 802, a processor 820, and a memory 804, in accordance with some example embodiments.
• the network interface 802 may include wired and/or wireless transceivers to enable access other nodes including base stations, devices 152-180, the Internet, and/or other nodes.
• the memory 804 may comprise volatile and/or non-volatile memory including program code, which when executed by at least one processor 820 provides, among other things, the processes disclosed herein with respect to the network node.
• FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus 10, in accordance with some example embodiments.
• the apparatus 10 may include at least one antenna 12 in communication with a transmitter 14 and a receiver 16. Alternatively transmit and receive antennas may be separate.
• the apparatus 10 may also include a processor 20 configured to provide signals to and receive signals from the transmitter and receiver, respectively, and to control the functioning of the apparatus.
• Processor 20 may be configured to control the functioning of the transmitter and receiver by effecting control signaling via electrical leads to the transmitter and receiver.
• processor 20 may be configured to control other elements of apparatus 10 by effecting control signaling via electrical leads connecting processor 20 to the other elements, such as a display or a memory.
• the processor 20 may, for example, be embodied in a variety of ways including circuitry, at least one processing core, one or more microprocessors with accompanying digital signal processor(s), one or more processor(s) without an accompanying digital signal processor, one or more coprocessors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more controllers, processing circuitry, one or more computers, various other processing elements including integrated circuits (for example, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and/or the like), or some combination thereof. Accordingly, although illustrated in FIG. 6 as a single processor, in some example embodiments the processor 20 may comprise a plurality of processors or processing cores.
• ASIC application specific integrated circuit
• FPGA field programmable gate array
• the apparatus 10 may be capable of operating with one or more air interface standards, communication protocols, modulation types, access types, and/or the like.
• Signals sent and received by the processor 20 may include signaling information in accordance with an air interface standard of an applicable cellular system, and/or any number of different wireline or wireless networking techniques, comprising but not limited to Wi-Fi, wireless local access network (WLAN) techniques, such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, 802.16, 802.3, ADSL, DOCSIS, and/or the like.
• these signals may include speech data, user generated data, user requested data, and/or the like.
• the apparatus 10 and/or a cellular modem therein may be capable of operating in accordance with various first generation (1G) communication protocols, second generation (2G or 2.5G) communication protocols, third-generation (3G) communication protocols, fourth-generation (4G) communication protocols, fifth-generation (5G) communication protocols, Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) communication protocols (for example, session initiation protocol (SIP) and/or the like.
• the apparatus 10 may be capable of operating in accordance with 2G wireless communication protocols IS-136, Time Division Multiple Access TDMA, Global System for Mobile communications, GSM, IS-95, Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA, and/or the like.
• the apparatus 10 may be capable of operating in accordance with 2.5G wireless communication protocols General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), and/or the like. Further, for example, the apparatus 10 may be capable of operating in accordance with 3G wireless communication protocols, such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), and/or the like. The apparatus 10 may be additionally capable of operating in accordance with 3.9G wireless communication protocols, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), and/or the like. Additionally, for example, the apparatus 10 may be capable of operating in accordance with 4G wireless communication protocols, such as LTE Advanced, 5G, and/or the like as well as similar wireless communication protocols that may be subsequently developed.
• GPRS General Packet Radio Service
• EDGE Enhanced Data GSM Environment
• the processor 20 may include circuitry for implementing audio/video and logic functions of apparatus 10.
• the processor 20 may comprise a digital signal processor device, a microprocessor device, an analog-to-digital converter, a digital-to- analog converter, and/or the like. Control and signal processing functions of the apparatus 10 may be allocated between these devices according to their respective capabilities.
• the processor 20 may additionally comprise an internal voice coder (VC) 20a, an internal data modem (DM) 20b, and/or the like.
• the processor 20 may include functionality to operate one or more software programs, which may be stored in memory. In general, processor 20 and stored software instructions may be configured to cause apparatus 10 to perform actions.
• processor 20 may be capable of operating a connectivity program, such as a web browser.
• the connectivity program may allow the apparatus 10 to transmit and receive web content, such as location-based content, according to a protocol, such as wireless application protocol, WAP, hypertext transfer protocol, HTTP, and/or the like.
• Apparatus 10 may also comprise a user interface including, for example, an earphone or speaker 24, a ringer 22, a microphone 26, a display 28, a user input interface, and/or the like, which may be operationally coupled to the processor 20.
• the display 28 may, as noted above, include a touch sensitive display, where a user may touch and/or gesture to make selections, enter values, and/or the like.
• the processor 20 may also include user interface circuitry configured to control at least some functions of one or more elements of the user interface, such as the speaker 24, the ringer 22, the microphone 26, the display 28, and/or the like.
• the processor 20 and/or user interface circuitry comprising the processor 20 may be configured to control one or more functions of one or more elements of the user interface through computer program instructions, for example, software and/or firmware, stored on a memory accessible to the processor 20, for example, volatile memory 40, non-volatile memory 42, and/or the like.
• the apparatus 10 may include a battery for powering various circuits related to the mobile terminal, for example, a circuit to provide mechanical vibration as a detectable output.
• the user input interface may comprise devices allowing the apparatus 20 to receive data, such as a keypad 30 (which can be a virtual keyboard presented on display 28 or an externally coupled keyboard) and/or other input devices.
• apparatus 10 may also include one or more mechanisms for sharing and/or obtaining data.
• the apparatus 10 may include a short-range radio frequency (RF) transceiver and/or interrogator 64, so data may be shared with and/or obtained from electronic devices in accordance with RF techniques.
• RF radio frequency
• the apparatus 10 may include other short-range transceivers, such as an infrared (IR) transceiver 66, a BluetoothTM (BT) transceiver 68 operating using BluetoothTM wireless technology, a wireless universal serial bus (USB) transceiver 70, a BluetoothTM Low Energy transceiver, a ZigBee transceiver, an ANT transceiver, a cellular device-to-device transceiver, a wireless local area link transceiver, and/or any other short-range radio technology.
• Apparatus 10 and, in particular, the short-range transceiver may be capable of transmitting data to and/or receiving data from electronic devices within the proximity of the apparatus, such as within 10 meters, for example.
• the apparatus 10 including the Wi-Fi or wireless local area networking modem may also be capable of transmitting and/or receiving data from electronic devices according to various wireless networking techniques, including 6LoWpan, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi low power, WLAN techniques such as IEEE 802.11 techniques, IEEE 802.15 techniques, IEEE 802.16 techniques, and/or the like.
• the apparatus 10 may comprise memory, such as a subscriber identity module (SIM) 38, a removable user identity module (R-UIM), an eUICC, an UICC, and/or the like, which may store information elements related to a mobile subscriber.
• SIM subscriber identity module
• R-UIM removable user identity module
• eUICC embedded user identity module
• UICC universal integrated circuit card
• the apparatus 10 may include volatile memory 40 and/or non-volatile memory 42.
• volatile memory 40 may include Random Access Memory (RAM) including dynamic and/or static RAM, on-chip or off-chip cache memory, and/or the like.
• RAM Random Access Memory
• Non-volatile memory 42 which may be embedded and/or removable, may include, for example, read-only memory, flash memory, magnetic storage devices, for example, hard disks, floppy disk drives, magnetic tape, optical disc drives and/or media, non volatile random access memory (NVRAM), and/or the like.
• non-volatile memory 42 may include a cache area for temporary storage of data. At least part of the volatile and/or non-volatile memory may be embedded in processor 20.
• the memories may store one or more software programs, instructions, pieces of information, data, and/or the like which may be used by the apparatus for performing operations disclosed herein.
• the apparatus may be configured to cause the operations disclosed herein with respect to the base stations/WLAN access points and network nodes including the UEs.
• the memories may comprise an identifier, such as an international mobile equipment identification (IMEI) code, capable of uniquely identifying apparatus 10.
• the memories may comprise an identifier, such as an international mobile equipment identification (IMEI) code, capable of uniquely identifying apparatus 10.
• the processor 20 may be configured using computer code stored at memory 40 and/or 42 to the provide operations disclosed herein with respect to the UE.
• a “computer-readable medium” may be any non-transitory media that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transport the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer or data processor circuitry, with examples depicted at FIG. 6, computer-readable medium may comprise a non- transitory computer-readable storage medium that may be any media that can contain or store the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer.
• a technical effect of one or more of the example embodiments disclosed herein may include the detach from the source cell happens after decoding, so the interruption time is minimized as the transmit and/or receive with a source base station may continue while the UE decodes the target cell’s configuration.
• a technical effect of one or more of the example embodiments disclosed herein may include unnecessary early connection re-establishment may be avoided when the UE is still in the source cell, but has already determined the target cell’s configuration is invalid.
• the base stations and user equipment (or one or more components therein) and/or the processes described herein can be implemented using one or more of the following: a processor executing program code, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), an embedded processor, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and/or combinations thereof.
• ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
• DSP digital signal processor
• FPGA field programmable gate array
• These various implementations may include implementation in one or more computer programs that are executable and/or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be special or general purpose, coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.
• These computer programs also known as programs, software, software applications, applications, components, program code, or code
• computer-readable medium refers to any computer program product, machine-readable medium, computer-readable storage medium, apparatus and/or device (for example, magnetic discs, optical disks, memory, Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs)) used to provide machine instructions and/or data to a programmable processor, including a machine-readable medium that receives machine instructions.
• PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
• systems are also described herein that may include a processor and a memory coupled to the processor.
• the memory may include one or more programs that cause the processor to perform one or more of the operations described herein.

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• 2020
  • 2020-11-06 WO PCT/EP2020/081236 patent/WO2021089756A1/en unknown
  • 2020-11-06 EP EP20803783.8A patent/EP4055888A1/de active Pending

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