EP4048844A1 - Materiau en textile recyclé - Google Patents
Materiau en textile recycléInfo
- Publication number
- EP4048844A1 EP4048844A1 EP20797074.0A EP20797074A EP4048844A1 EP 4048844 A1 EP4048844 A1 EP 4048844A1 EP 20797074 A EP20797074 A EP 20797074A EP 4048844 A1 EP4048844 A1 EP 4048844A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- product
- textile
- matrix
- intended
- mass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004832 casein glue Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010784 textile waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011454 mudbrick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001592 potato starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011492 sheep wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
- E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
- E04B2002/0223—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions of cylindrical shape
Definitions
- the invention relates, in general, to the field of insulating, structural and aesthetic materials intended for architecture, design or even for construction and / or manufacture such as subassemblies of frames or furniture .
- the invention relates more specifically to a recycled textile material endowed with insulating and structural properties and also making it possible to obtain a satisfactory aesthetic effect.
- Various synthetic insulators are known in the prior art, such as vacuum insulators in the form of an ultra-thin insulating panel composed of a nanosilica powder for insulation from the inside, polystyrene insulators (polystyrene expanded PSE, extruded polystyrene XPS, Polyurethane PUR, Polyisocyanurate PIR, Phenolics), or so-called “thin” insulators (PMR, IMR, thin multilayer insulators, thin films, thermo-reflective insulators, thin insulators by thermo reflection, radiant barriers. ..).
- polystyrene insulators polystyrene expanded PSE, extruded polystyrene XPS, Polyurethane PUR, Polyisocyanurate PIR, Phenolics
- trimer insulators so-called “thin” insulators (PMR, IMR, thin multilayer insulators, thin films, thermo-reflective insulators,
- bio-sourced insulators have been developed, for example based on vegetable wool (straw, cork, wood, cellulose wadding, etc.), animal wool (sheep wool, duck feather ...), or even mineral wool (glass wool or recycled glass, rock wool or cellular glass). Although better for the environment, these insulators are produced naturally and their resources can be depleted. We must therefore continually find new ones.
- Materials are also known from the prior art which have, in addition to insulating properties, structural properties when it comes to use. intended for construction in particular. These materials are, for example, monomuric terracotta bricks, monomuric blocks in pumice stone or expanded clay balls, cellular concrete composed of natural materials (sand, lime, gypsum, cement, aluminum powder, etc.) , bi-material blocks, formed of cellular concrete and calcium silicate, or even insulating formwork (polystyrene lost formwork blocks in which concrete is poured).
- One aim, by creating a material based on recycled material (s), is to provide a new outlet for recycling this waste.
- Another aim of the present invention is also to provide a new bio-sourced and non-polluting manufacturing or construction material.
- Another objective is to offer a new resource in terms of sound and / or thermal insulation in particular.
- the invention aims to remedy all or part of the drawbacks of the state of the art by proposing in particular a material making it possible to provide a new outlet for recycling textile waste, but also to provide a new manufacturing material and / or bio-sourced construction, non-polluting and offering a new resource in terms of insulation.
- a product intended to be transformed with a view to the manufacture of a material intended in particular for construction comprising a reinforcing component, intended to form a reinforcement, textile-based and a matrix component, intended to form a matrix, comprising a glue of animal and / or vegetable origin, the matrix component representing a mass proportionally greater than that of the reinforcing component.
- the matrix component represents a mass, in proportion to the mass of the product, greater than that of the reinforcing component.
- a "glue” is understood to mean a product of liquid, gelatinous or pasty consistency used to bind parts together by contact.
- a glue of animal and / or vegetable origin offers a good alternative of bio-sourced binder compared to current solutions making it possible to impregnate both the textile with the reinforcing component and, once the product has been transformed, to ensure cohesion of the whole and the transfer of efforts.
- Such a binder is therefore particularly advantageous in combination with a textile-based reinforcing component.
- Textile waste is understood to mean any material capable of being woven or knitted, namely a material which can be divided into fibers or threads, whatever its shape. Textile waste appears to be insufficiently valued and is also affected by a great resource, since a French person, for example, throws away an average of 12kg of clothing per year. Such a matrix component therefore offers an advantageous solution to the recycling of this textile waste.
- the matrix component represents at least 55%, preferably at least 60%, and at most 80%, preferably at most 75% of the mass of the product. These are proportions where the matrix is said to be wet since these proportions relate to the product before its transformation into a material intended in particular to form a building element.
- the glue is of animal origin, preferably a casein-based glue. Casein forms a binder for the glue.
- the matrix component comprises a predetermined quantity of lime, preferably slaked lime, the predetermined quantity of lime preferably corresponding to about a quarter of the mass of casein.
- Lime makes it possible in particular to render the glue insoluble, in particular the casein-based glue.
- This predetermined amount is calculated from the amount of casein in its "natural" state. It is understood that if casein is used in another state, for example in a dehydrated state, the lime value should be calculated on the basis of the rehydrated casein, for example after having mixed with the dehydrated casein an amount of water equivalent to about three times the mass of casein dehydrated.
- the matrix component comprises a predetermined quantity of an antioxidant suitable for the glue of animal and / or plant origin, such as borax being for example a glue based on casein.
- the antioxidant represents at least 0.1%, preferably at least 0.5% and at most 5%, preferably at most 1.5% of the total mass of said matrix component.
- Borax plays the role of an antioxidant here and helps prevent the appearance of molds that may develop once the material is obtained from this product.
- the textile reinforcement component comprises pieces of textile and / or fibers and / or a textile-based powder, preferably arranged homogeneously in the composition intended to form the matrix.
- the pieces of textile, the fibers and / or the textile powder are obtained from woven and / or knitted textile.
- the homogeneity of the concentration of the reinforcing component in the product ensures a homogeneity of the composite structure of the material obtained.
- the pieces of textile and / or the fibers and / or the textile-based powder are arranged in all directions. A homogeneous concentration in the matrix component and an arrangement in all directions of the reinforcing component results in an isotropic material.
- the pieces of textile all have an area of between lmm2 and 225cm2, preferably between lmm2 and 100cm2. Indeed, the pieces are chosen so as to be large enough to confer increased strength but small enough to be able to be placed in a mold to allow the manufacture of the material and that the finish of the material obtained is better.
- the pieces of textile are obtained from the sole grinding of clothes, that is to say that the clothes or fabrics do not have other preparation steps other than its grinding.
- buttons or closures are kept with the textile.
- the powder is formed from grains having a characteristic dimension of less than 2 mm.
- characteristic dimension is meant the maximum distance separating two points of its surface delimiting its volume. In the case of a perfect grain having the shape of a sphere, this characteristic dimension corresponds to its diameter.
- the textile is composed of natural fibers, preferably cotton, linen, wool, and / or hemp.
- Cotton is particularly advantageous for obtaining a material having good insulating characteristics.
- the textile is recycled textile, that is to say from a first life cycle of a product and the use of which of the textile in the reinforcing component gives it a second life cycle, at least.
- the textile is composed of frayed fibers, that is to say undone thread by thread. It remains a material returned in substance to its natural state in the same way as cotton.
- the manufacturing method comprising at least the following steps: - preparation of a product such as described above, this preparation preferably comprising a step of preparing the matrix component comprising a glue of animal and / or plant origin, then a step of coating the textile-based reinforcing component with the matrix component ; - filling at least one mold with the prepared product; compression of the prepared product placed in the mold; and drying, until a material is obtained so that the matrix has a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the dry product.
- the compression undergone by the product is greater than or equal to 15 tonnes, preferably greater than or equal to approximately 20 tonnes. A greater compression makes it possible to limit the compression time.
- the prepared product is placed on a preferably flat support configured so that said prepared product does not adhere to the support.
- the prepared product obtained is allowed to dry on a perforated support such as a rack, to allow better cold and homogeneous drying, by natural ventilation.
- a perforated support such as a rack
- other drying methods can be implemented to improve production. For example, heating ovens or molds can be used, but these technical solutions consume energy, the electricity consumption being indeed high for implementing such processes.
- the step of preparing the matrix component comprises one or more of the steps of: mixing casein with lime in a predetermined amount; add borax to the mixture of casein and lime, preferably dissolved beforehand in water; then make up with a liquid such as water to dilute the mixture.
- a material intended in particular to form a construction element the material being obtained by the aforementioned manufacturing process, the material comprising a composite structure comprising a reinforcement to textile base and a matrix based on glue of animal and / or plant origin, the matrix having a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the dry product.
- the dry product is understood to be the product which has undergone the drying step to form the material.
- Such proportions are particularly advantageous given that they make it possible to obtain a material in which the reinforcement based on textile mainly composes the material, said textile-based reinforcement can also subsequently be recycled. Such a material is therefore an alternative to textile recycling and its recycling is also facilitated.
- the material is obtained from the product as described above.
- the material has the same elements that constitute it, even if the proportions vary after processing, such as, for example, glue which is of animal origin such as glue based on casein, lime or borax.
- the invention also relates to a construction element such as a brick, intended to be used in a built or furniture subassembly such as a wall or a partition, characterized in that it is in one piece or block and comprises a material as described above.
- the construction element is made of said material.
- the invention also relates to a built or furniture sub-assembly such as a wall or a partition, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of construction elements as described above, monobloc and fixed to each other.
- these building elements are attached to each other by means of an adhesive.
- This glue is preferably also a glue of animal and / or plant origin, for example the same glue as that used as a binder to form the matrix of the construction elements, optionally with a lower proportion of water so as to make the glue. glue more viscous or less diluted.
- other fixing means can be used as removable fixing means such as screws, or even by form cooperation, depending on the geometry of the construction elements.
- the invention also relates to a device for implementing the manufacturing method as described above, the device being remarkable in that it comprises a frame comprising a platform for depositing at least a mold, a compression mechanism disposed on one side of the platform, and a stripper mechanism disposed on another side of the platform, opposite the compression mechanism, the device being configured to be compressed between the compression mechanisms and the stripper mechanism, the stripper mechanism being further configured to eject the product after compression.
- the compression mechanism is disposed vertically above the platform and the stripper mechanism is disposed vertically below.
- FIG. 1 a diagram of a construction element made of a material according to one embodiment
- FIG. 2A a perspective diagram from above of a building element according to another embodiment
- FIG. 2B a perspective diagram from below of a building element according to the embodiment of FIG. 2A;
- FIG. 3 a perspective view of a device for manufacturing a construction element according to one embodiment
- FIG. 4 a front view of the manufacturing device of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 a side view of the manufacturing device of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 6 a sectional view A-A of the manufacturing device of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 7 a partially exploded perspective view of a built sub-assembly according to one embodiment
- FIG. 8 a partially exploded perspective view of a built sub-assembly according to another embodiment
- FIG. 9 a partially exploded perspective view of a built sub-assembly according to another embodiment
- FIG. 10 a partially exploded perspective view of a built sub-assembly according to another embodiment
- FIG. 11 a partially exploded perspective view of a built sub-assembly according to another embodiment
- FIG. 12 a partially exploded perspective view of a furniture subassembly according to one embodiment, the furniture subassembly being an armchair;
- FIG. 13 a partially exploded perspective view of a furniture subassembly according to another embodiment, the furniture subassembly being a coffee table;
- FIG. 14 a partially exploded perspective view of a furniture subassembly according to another embodiment, the furniture subassembly being a stool;
- FIG. 15 a partially exploded perspective view of a furniture subassembly according to another embodiment, the furniture subassembly being a bench.
- a construction element 10 having the shape of a parallelepiped brick.
- This construction element 10 is made of a material 1 comprising a composite structure comprising on the one hand, a reinforcement 2 based on textile and, on the other hand, a matrix 3 based on glue of animal origin and / or vegetable.
- the matrix 3 has a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the dry product.
- the material 1 is made from the product described below which gives it its essential characteristics after transformation by a suitable manufacturing process.
- the construction element 10 forming the brick here consists of said material 1 and is obtained by successively implementing several steps, one of the first steps of which is to prepare a product, that is to say the starting product, which is intended to be transformed for the manufacture of the material 1, which comprises, on the one hand, a reinforcing component, intended to form a reinforcement 2, based on textile and, on the other hand, a matrix component , intended to form a matrix 3, comprising a glue of animal and / or plant origin.
- the construction element shown in Figure 1 is in particular a brick 10, intended for use in a subassembly 100 frame or furniture such as a wall or a partition in combination with other bricks 10 of the same nature. These bricks are made of said material and are in one piece so that the manufacture of the material and of the construction element is concomitant here.
- the textile reinforcement component intended to form the reinforcement 2 can take the form of pieces of textile, fibers and / or a textile-based powder.
- the use of pieces is preferred to obtain a material with better structural resistance.
- the pieces of textile all have an area of between 1mm2 and 225cm2, preferably between 1mm2 and 100cm2.
- the pieces are chosen so as to be large enough to confer increased resistance to the material but small enough to be able to be placed in a mold 210 to allow the manufacture of the material 1 and that the finish of said material 1 obtained is better.
- the use of powder is preferred for applications that promote aesthetics and where the structural problem is not important.
- the powder is formed of grains having a characteristic dimension, ie a diameter in the case of grains of perfectly spherical shape, less than 2 mm.
- Such pieces of textiles forming reinforcement 2 are obtained by grinding used clothes so as to recycle them, and preferably only by this grinding. In the case of pieces of fabric, just grinding the material, and not just fraying it, saves time and technique. Unraveling requires indeed a large factory with a machine with a large surface area, using a plurality of different grinding systems one after the other, in order to go from the garment to the increasingly fine grind up to the unraveling. A simple grinding reduces the size of the production line and allows the textile to be grinded in one step.
- the textile is composed of natural fibers such as cotton, linen, wool, and / or hemp.
- a majority cotton content can be chosen for these insulating characteristics.
- the matrix component can comprise textiles of several types, for example mixing cotton, linen and wool.
- the matrix component can also include unnatural fibers such as polyester or viscose fibers. The invention offers a recycling alternative to such materials.
- the matrix component intended to form the matrix 3 is a matrix component made from glue of animal origin, in particular a glue based on casein.
- glue of animal origin in particular a glue based on casein.
- the active ingredients of the glue of animal and / or vegetable origin, other than casein can make up the matrix component and can be used in an alternative or complementary manner.
- these glues do not provide the same characteristics.
- the use of wood glue results in a building component that crumbles and decomposes after drying, which is not desired.
- a first example of a matrix component intended for use in a product for the manufacture of a brick 10 as a building element is as follows:
- Borax sodium borate
- the method of manufacturing the material 1 constituting the construction element 10 comprises the following steps: preparation of the product; filling at least one mold 210 with the prepared product; compressing the prepared product placed in said mold 210; and drying.
- the textile-based reinforcing component is coated and embedded in said matrix component so that the pieces of textile forming reinforcement 2 are arranged homogeneously in the composition intended to form the matrix 3.
- the homogeneity of the concentration of the reinforcing component in the matrix component, and more generally in the product, ensures homogeneity of the composite structure of the material obtained.
- the pieces of textile are also arranged in all directions to obtain an isotropic material.
- the reinforcing component formed by the pieces of textile is mixed with the previously produced dose of glue forming the matrix component 3, then the mixture is kneaded so that all the fabrics of the component of reinforcement are impregnated.
- glue forming the matrix component must be sufficiently liquid to properly impregnate the fabric, hence the importance of diluting the glue with water, or even in a complementary or alternative manner with the glue recovered from the compression step. which will be described below.
- additives may be added to the product in addition to the other components, in particular in the matrix component.
- additives can be color pigments, or any other additive which can give the material made from the product a characteristic for a particular use, for example.
- the proportions of the components remain generally the same.
- any variation in the proportions due to an addition of additive is less than 1%, and preferably 0.5%.
- additives in suitable proportions can be used in addition in the matrix component. These additives must be in a sufficiently low quantity so as not to substantially modify the composition of the product.
- the brick 10 as illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a reinforcing component having a mass of 400 g of textiles and that the matrix component according to the example detailed above represents a mass of 807.5 g which represents a proportion of matrix component proportionally greater than that of the reinforcing component since it represents approximately two thirds of the total mass of the product intended for the manufacture of a brick, ie approximately 67%.
- the matrix component represents at least 55%, preferably at least 60% and at most 80%, preferably at most 75% of the mass of the product. After compression and drying, this ratio will change.
- the mold 210 may not be filled with the product already formed, but in this case it can be filled with the reinforcing component then with the matrix component, or else with the matrix component then with the reinforcing component. However, in these two cases there is a risk that the reinforcing component is not sufficiently well impregnated. In the case where several molds are used at the same time, care must be taken to uniformly fill said molds 210 with the product composed of textiles coated with glue. The uniformity of the distribution between the different molds 210 is important so that the resulting construction elements 10 are as identical as possible with regard to their dimension in the direction of compression. When the mold (s) 210 are filled with the product, said product which is placed in the mold 210 is then compressed.
- the device 200 comprises a frame 201 on which is mounted a platform 202 for depositing several molds 210 there.
- Four molds 210 are here positioned on the platform 202 and secured together in order to facilitate handling.
- the 210 molds are made of aluminum and polyoxymethylene (POM).
- the molds 210 are oriented vertically, that is to say they each have side walls 211 having a closed contour in a horizontal plane and opening out on an upper end 212 and on a lower end 213.
- Each mold 210 comprises a bottom 214 movable in translation in the mold 210 and guided in an adjusted manner with the side walls 211.
- the device 200 further comprises, an upper compression mechanism 230 disposed vertically above the platform 202, and a stripper mechanism 240 disposed vertically below the platform 202.
- the stripper mechanism 240 is in particular configured to eject the product after its compression by the upper compression mechanism 230.
- the device 200 is configured so that the product inside the mold 210 is compressed between the upper compression mechanisms 230 and the stripper mechanism 240.
- the compression mechanisms 230 and stripper 240 each include a cylinder 221, 231 so that the device 200 forms a double-acting press.
- the two cylinders 221, 231 are aligned along the vertical axis in this example and each directed towards the platform 202, namely a compressor cylinder 221 above, and a stripper cylinder 231 below.
- the mold 210 remains fixed to the frame 201 of the press via the platform 202, and it is the cylinders 221, 231 which together compress the material forming the product.
- Each bottom 214 of the molds 210 is pierced, to allow the casein glue forming the excess matrix component to pass through, which then flows into a collecting tank placed under the press (not shown here).
- an upper punch 222 descends while being driven at a distal end of said cylinder, enters the mold 210 and comes crush material at the bottom of mold 210.
- punch 222 has completed its compression stroke, the bricks will remain crushed for a predetermined period of about 30 minutes. This will give them a firmer, denser look and more defined edges / angles than if they were squeezed and ejected directly.
- This predetermined period of time may obviously vary so as to be adapted to a possible different composition of the desired material or to obtain different properties.
- the excess matrix component namely casein glue
- the recovery tank placed under the press to be reused to dilute the glue when preparing the product.
- each of the compression mechanisms 230 and stripper 240 can be actuated by a mechanism actuation 240 controlled by a gripping arm 241 forming a lever arm.
- the compression mechanisms 230 and stripper 240 can be connected to an air compressor or to a hydraulic unit (not shown), in order to automate the compression and / or the ejection.
- the device 200 is particularly suited to the implementation of the manufacturing method described above, and differs from known mechanisms such as presses for mud bricks or terracotta bricks.
- textile materials are very absorbent and the casein glue forming the matrix component must be able to escape, here through the holes provided in the bottoms of the molds 210.
- the stripper mechanism 240 also makes it possible to ensure the ejection of the mold. the construction element in a secure manner, the brick being fragile at this stage of manufacture, before drying and allows the construction element to be properly held in place during the extraction after the compression step.
- the material must be ejected from the molds 210.
- the lower hydraulic cylinder 231 also of 20 tons, the upper punch 232 rises, and the bricks 10 come out of their mold 210 from the top, passing through the upper end emerging from the mold 210. It is then sufficient to the operator to slide the bricks one by one towards him in order to recover them.
- each brick 10 is placed on a preferably flat support configured so that said material does not adhere to the support. This first sentence lasts for example 24 hours.
- each brick obtained is left to dry on a perforated support such as a rack, to allow better cold and homogeneous drying, by natural ventilation.
- a brick 10 is completely dry after about two weeks. These times may vary depending on the desired building element and its dimensions. Of course, other drying methods can be implemented to improve production.
- a material is obtained so that the matrix has a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the dry product . In the present case, the matrix represents 20% of the load, 80% of the mass of the product corresponding to the mass of the textile reinforcement component.
- the shape of the bricks 10 forming building elements may vary, for example to take the form of plates or blocks. Of course, the shape of the mold and its orientation can then change to suit the shape of the desired brick.
- the compressed block can be available in different formats. It can be structural, and assembled in staggered rows, like a traditional brick, to make a wall. The assembly is done dry, without joints.
- the bricks 10 can be screwed to each other in order to put them in compression.
- a system with tie rods such as metal tie rods, for example steel, which would pass vertically through several bricks, for example connecting a floor to a ceiling in the case of a partition, and spaced a predetermined distance so as to be distributed evenly over the length of the partition, for example every 1 or 2m in the length of the wall 100 to be produced.
- tie rods such as metal tie rods, for example steel, which would pass vertically through several bricks, for example connecting a floor to a ceiling in the case of a partition, and spaced a predetermined distance so as to be distributed evenly over the length of the partition, for example every 1 or 2m in the length of the wall 100 to be produced.
- Such a system of tie rods (not illustrated) makes it possible to produce
- the brick 10 or paving stone can also be declined in decorative facings (that is to say much thinner - non-structural plates) and be glued directly to the surface (concrete, wood, cardboard).
- the brick In both cases, whether the built sub-assembly is structural or decorative, the brick also forms a thermal and acoustic insulator.
- composition of a brick can be made to vary significantly.
- a second example of a matrix component for use in a product for the manufacture of a brick 10 as a building element is as follows: 60 g of dehydrated casein immersed in 240 g of water to make it swell, ie a mass of casein of 140 g;
- the brick 10 comprises a reinforcing component having a mass of 400g of textiles and that the matrix component according to the example detailed above represents a mass of 980g which represents a proportion of matrix component proportionately greater than that of the reinforcing component since it represents approximately 71% of the total mass of the product intended for the manufacture of a brick 10.
- the mass intervals for the manufacture of a building element 10, such as a brick can vary as follows:
- milk casein being a casein-based glue: between 40 and 80g if it is dehydrated, or by mixing it with a quantity of water equivalent to about three times the mass of dehydrated casein, between 180g and 320g of casein;
- the matrix component comprises a predetermined quantity of lime corresponding preferably to about a quarter of the mass of casein (hydrated).
- the lime makes it possible in particular to make the glue, in particular the casein-based glue, insoluble;
- Antioxidant for example borax: between 5g and 20g;
- the matrix component including:
- the natural active principle of the plant and / or animal glue namely casein in the case of a casein glue, represents at least 10%, preferably at least 20% and at most 75%, preferably at most 40 % of the mass of the matrix component; and / or the lime represents at least 1%, preferably at least 5% and at most 20%, preferably at most 10% of the mass of the matrix component; and / or the antioxidant, here borax, represents at least 0.1%, preferably at least 0.5% and at most 5%, preferably at most 1.5% of the mass of the matrix component
- the building element has a shape configured to be able to be attached to another building element 10 of the same shape, this by simple cooperation of shape.
- the brick 10 of parallelepiped shape has tenons 11 on its upper face 10A, here two in number, and on its lower face 10B mortises 12, of complementary geometry to the tenons 11, in identical number, ie two.
- the number of tenons 11 and mortises 12 may vary, as can be seen in Figures 7 to 11. It is also possible to design construction elements with only tenons 11 or with only mortises 12.
- Figures 7 to 11 illustrate partially exploded perspective views of subassemblies built according to different embodiments of partitions.
- the bricks 10 are superimposed so that at least one of the tenons 11 of a lower brick 10 cooperates with a mortise 12 of an upper brick.
- the bricks are superimposed in a manner offset vertically with respect to one another.
- Such cooperation of form offers a simple and removable fixing means to form the partition, but also economical because the assembly of the bricks 10 to form the sub-assembly 100 frame does not require the use of an additional material.
- different and complementary fixing means can be used.
- the bricks are assembled in a significantly different way, but can of course be complementary: the partitions can be formed of two adjoining partitions, the thickness of which therefore corresponds to the width of two bricks 10 ( figure 7), the partition may be substantially arched (figure 8), or have superimpositions forming different patterns (figures 9, 10, 11)
- the building elements 10 such as bricks having these characteristics can be used for many uses.
- the textile bricks 10 can be assembled by forming frame sub-assemblies in order to partition sub-spaces by making partitions for example. Depending on the characteristics of the material used, this partitioning is not only physical but also acoustic and thermal.
- the bricks 10 make it possible to partition the spaces physically and acoustically.
- the bricks 10 provided with a textile reinforcement are acoustically insulating, thanks to the cotton.
- the natural binder used forming the matrix makes them waterproof.
- the arrangement of the construction elements makes it possible to create at least locally sub-assemblies 100 forming perforated partitions to allow light to pass (FIG. 9).
- the bricks 10, made of recycled clothing, are acoustically insulating, thanks to the cotton.
- the natural binder used makes them waterproof. They can then be used to mount partitions within our homes.
- the color of partitions is infinitely variable, depending on the color of the clothes collected. In addition, they can be plain or patterned.
- an additive can be added to the matrix component such as a pigment.
- Such a selection and sorting step is particularly advantageous in that it does not require any additional additives, nor the use of an additional product such as a paint which could also be used to paint the material produced.
- these recycled clothing bricks 10 can be assembled to make picture rails, benches or armchairs within an exhibition space.
- the picture rails are made with neutral colors, to highlight the works contained in this space. From time to time bricks 10 withdraw to create exhibition niches, rather for small sculptures.
- Such construction elements can also be used outdoors, for example furniture such as seats on a beach or on the terrace.
- the recycled textile bricks forming the building elements 10 can also be used to create sense-sets 100 of custom furniture, as illustrated in Figures 12 to 15.
- the bricks 10 can be adapted to all types of spaces, to create all the necessary furniture.
- These pieces of furniture can be a type of armchair (figure 12), a type of coffee table (figure 13), a stool (figure 14), or even a bench (figure 15).
- the material according to the invention allows the manufacture of more insulating partitions than a standard BAI 3 type plaster wall, used in most constructions today. It is a material with a very low carbon impact, which makes it one of the very advantageous building materials for the future.
- the material according to the invention is therefore a 3-in-1 material (structural, insulating and aesthetic) which makes it possible to produce partitions but also furniture, or any other object, the difference residing mainly in the modification of the mold of device 200.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1911776A FR3102194B1 (fr) | 2019-10-21 | 2019-10-21 | Matériau en textile recyclé |
PCT/EP2020/079660 WO2021078815A1 (fr) | 2019-10-21 | 2020-10-21 | Materiau en textile recyclé |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4048844A1 true EP4048844A1 (fr) | 2022-08-31 |
Family
ID=71784084
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20797074.0A Pending EP4048844A1 (fr) | 2019-10-21 | 2020-10-21 | Materiau en textile recyclé |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4048844A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3102194B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2021078815A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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IT202100003971A1 (it) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-08-22 | Bbb S R L | Miscela per realizzare elementi per edilizia isolanti ed elemento per edilzia isolante realizzato con tale miscela |
GB2607352B (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2024-04-03 | Avena Environmental Ltd | Process for manufacturing a solid product |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1011675A (fr) * | 1949-03-01 | 1952-06-25 | Perfectionnements apportés à la fabrication et à l'application de matériaux en bois agglomérés | |
DE3641466C2 (de) * | 1986-12-04 | 1994-06-01 | Uwe Welteke | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Faserplatten |
EP0556577A1 (fr) * | 1992-01-20 | 1993-08-25 | Ludwig Krickl | Article moulé à base de cellulose et procédé de production |
US5241795A (en) * | 1992-03-12 | 1993-09-07 | Giroux Francis A | Building materials made from waste and unusual properties thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-10-21 FR FR1911776A patent/FR3102194B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-10-21 EP EP20797074.0A patent/EP4048844A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-10-21 WO PCT/EP2020/079660 patent/WO2021078815A1/fr unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3102194A1 (fr) | 2021-04-23 |
FR3102194B1 (fr) | 2021-11-26 |
WO2021078815A1 (fr) | 2021-04-29 |
WO2021078815A9 (fr) | 2021-11-04 |
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