EP4045633A1 - Cellule souche humaine génétiquement modifiée exprimant une protéine cytochrome p450 2b6 humaine mutante et son utilisation dans le traitement du cancer - Google Patents
Cellule souche humaine génétiquement modifiée exprimant une protéine cytochrome p450 2b6 humaine mutante et son utilisation dans le traitement du cancerInfo
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- EP4045633A1 EP4045633A1 EP20789158.1A EP20789158A EP4045633A1 EP 4045633 A1 EP4045633 A1 EP 4045633A1 EP 20789158 A EP20789158 A EP 20789158A EP 4045633 A1 EP4045633 A1 EP 4045633A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cancer
- human stem
- genetically modified
- stem cell
- stem cells
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0652—Cells of skeletal and connective tissues; Mesenchyme
- C12N5/0662—Stem cells
- C12N5/0668—Mesenchymal stem cells from other natural sources
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0652—Cells of skeletal and connective tissues; Mesenchyme
- C12N5/0662—Stem cells
- C12N5/0663—Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/28—Bone marrow; Haematopoietic stem cells; Mesenchymal stem cells of any origin, e.g. adipose-derived stem cells
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/48—Reproductive organs
- A61K35/54—Ovaries; Ova; Ovules; Embryos; Foetal cells; Germ cells
- A61K35/545—Embryonic stem cells; Pluripotent stem cells; Induced pluripotent stem cells; Uncharacterised stem cells
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/44—Oxidoreductases (1)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0696—Artificially induced pluripotent stem cells, e.g. iPS
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0012—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7)
- C12N9/0036—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7) acting on NADH or NADPH (1.6)
- C12N9/0038—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7) acting on NADH or NADPH (1.6) with a heme protein as acceptor (1.6.2)
- C12N9/0042—NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (1.6.2.4)
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0071—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on paired donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (1.14)
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- C12N2510/00—Genetically modified cells
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- C12Y106/00—Oxidoreductases acting on NADH or NADPH (1.6)
- C12Y106/02—Oxidoreductases acting on NADH or NADPH (1.6) with a heme protein as acceptor (1.6.2)
- C12Y106/02004—NADPH-hemoprotein reductase (1.6.2.4), i.e. NADP-cytochrome P450-reductase
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- C12Y114/00—Oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (1.14)
- C12Y114/14—Oxidoreductases acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen (1.14) with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen (1.14.14)
- C12Y114/14001—Unspecific monooxygenase (1.14.14.1)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a genetically modified human stem cell, wherein said human stem cell comprises an exogenous nucleic acid comprising a region encoding a fusion protein comprising a mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein (CYP2B6 * ) of SEQ ID No.1 or a variant or a fragment thereof and a NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein of SEQ ID No. 2 or a variant or a fragment thereof, operably linked to a promoter, said exogenous nucleic acid having been integrated into chromosome 17 of said human stem cell.
- the invention also relates to the use of said cell for the treatment of cancer, in particular solid tumors, and in particular hepatocellular carcinomas.
- liver cancer accounts for more than 841,080 new cases per year, 90% of which are hepatocellular carcinomas.
- Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide.
- Chronic infection with hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) viruses or alcoholic cirrhosis are the main causes of hepatocellular carcinoma.
- HCV hepatitis C
- HBV hepatitis B
- NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is essential, otherwise it will lead to death.
- Stages 0 and A (15% of patients) define patients with a disease diagnosed early, in good general condition and carrying a hepatocellular carcinoma of less than 3 cm. These patients are eligible only for curative treatments, namely tumor resection surgery and liver transplantation. The 5-year survival is 60%.
- Stage B (intermediate) concerns patients whose general condition is preserved but presenting one or more hepatocellular carcinoma (s) whose size exceeds 3 cm, without invasion of the portal trunk or metastases. These patients may benefit from hepatic doxorubicin chemoembolization. The median survival of these patients is 20 months.
- Stage C defines a patient with hepatocarcinoma with portal invasion, lymph node and pulmonary metastases associated with a moderate deterioration in his general condition.
- Sorafenib an antiangiogenic multikinase inhibitor administered orally, marketed under the name Nexavar® by Onyx / Bayer. In these patients, the median survival is 11 months.
- Other second-line treatments have recently been approved. These are Regorafenib (kinase inhibitor) marketed under the name Stivarga® by Bayer and Nivolumab (anti-PD1 antibody) marketed under the name Opdivo®, by BMS. All of these treatments have limited efficacy and are responsible for major side effects (diarrhea, weight loss, hand-foot syndrome and hypophosphatemia, high blood pressure) often causing poor compliance with treatment leading to suboptimal results.
- Stage D concerns patients who have reached the palliative stage for which only supportive care can be offered.
- the inventors have developed a new genetically modified human stem cell capable of metabolize cyclophosphamide and induce immunological death of tumor cells by eliciting a strong anti-tumor immune response.
- the present invention relates to a genetically modified human stem cell, wherein said human stem cell comprises an exogenous nucleic acid comprising a region encoding a fusion protein comprising a mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein (CYP2B6 * ) of SEQ ID No .1 or a variant or a fragment thereof, and a NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein of SEQ ID No.
- said human stem cell comprises an exogenous nucleic acid comprising a region encoding a fusion protein comprising a mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein (CYP2B6 * ) of SEQ ID No .1 or a variant or a fragment thereof, and a NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein of SEQ ID No.
- said exogenous nucleic acid which has been inserted into the intron located between exon 3 and exon 4 of the ZZEF1 gene at site 4115336 on chromosome 17 of said human stem cell, and characterized in that said genetically modified human stem cell does not being not an embryonic human stem cell.
- the human stem cell is chosen from mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and induced mesenchymal stem cells (iMSC).
- hMSC mesenchymal stem cells
- iPSC induced pluripotent stem cells
- iMSC induced mesenchymal stem cells
- the exogenous nucleic acid is inserted into the ZZEF1 gene.
- the exogenous nucleic acid is inserted into the intron located between exon 3 and exon 4 of the ZZEF1 gene.
- the promoter used is a constitutive promoter, preferably the EF1- ⁇ promoter.
- the exogenous nucleic acid further comprises a selection marker gene.
- the present invention also relates to a method of obtaining the genetically modified human stem cell, said human stem cell was obtained by retroviral transduction with a viral vector comprising exogenous nucleic acid.
- the present invention also relates to the human stem cell genetically modified for its use as a medicament and its formulation in a form suitable for its administration by the transarterial route.
- the present invention also relates to a method for selecting genetically modified stem cells comprising the steps of a) transducing human stem cells with a viral vector comprising exogenous nucleic acid, b) culturing human stem cells in a culture medium predefined, c) selection of genetically modified human stem cells expressing the selection marker gene at their membrane surface.
- the present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising the genetically modified human stem cell as active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and optionally at least one second active principle, in particular an anti-cancer agent, said pharmaceutical composition being in a form. suitable for its administration by the transarterial route.
- the invention also relates to a genetically modified human stem cell or pharmaceutical composition for its use in the prevention and / or treatment of. cancer and / or associated metastases, preferably solid tumors, preferably hepatocellular carcinomas and / or associated metastases.
- the subject of the present invention is therefore a genetically modified human stem cell, in which said human stem cell comprises an exogenous nucleic acid comprising a region encoding a fusion protein comprising a mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein (CYP2B6 * ) of SEQ ID No .1 or a variant or a fragment thereof, a NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein of SEQ ID No. 2 or a variant or a fragment thereof, operably linked to a promoter, said exogenous nucleic acid having been integrated into chromosome 17 of said human stem cell, said genetically modified human stem cell not being an embryonic human stem cell.
- CYP2B6 * mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein
- the inventors have surprisingly shown that the integration of exogenous nucleic acid into chromosome 17 is essential for the genetically modified human stem cell to be able to metabolize cyclophosphamide (CPA) and thus induce the immunological death of tumor cells.
- CPA cyclophosphamide
- this integration of exogenous nucleic acid into chromosome 17 allows the genetically modified human stem cell to maintain its morphology and doubling time.
- the inventors have shown that a single copy of the exogenous nucleic acid is integrated into chromosome 17.
- the inventors have also shown that the use of a genetically modified human stem cell according to the invention allows the complete eradication of the human stem cells. solid tumors as well as protection by a vaccine effect against recurrence and metastasis.
- the human stem cell is chosen from mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and induced mesenchymal stem cells (iMSC).
- hMSC mesenchymal stem cells
- iPSC induced pluripotent stem cells
- iMSC induced mesenchymal stem cells
- mesenchymal stem cells or “hMSC” or “human mesenchymal stem cells” denotes multipotent stem cells capable of differentiating in particular into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes and adipocytes.
- Mesenchymal stem cells are found in the mesenchyme, the part of the embryonic mesoderm made up of spindle-shaped or stellate cells, not loosely packed.
- mesenchymal stem cells include, without limitation, CD34-negative stem cells.
- the stem cells Human mesenchymal cells are isolated from adipose tissue and / or bone marrow.
- induced pluripotent stem cells or “iPSC” or “human induced pluripotent stem cells” denotes a type of pluripotent stem cell similar to an embryonic stem cell but which is created when somatic cells (e.g. example adults) are reprogrammed to enter a state similar to that of an embryonic stem cell by maintaining the expression of factors important for maintaining the "pluripotency" of embryonic stem cells (also called CSE or PSC), that is that is to say their capacity to be able to engage in different ways of differentiation.
- CSE embryonic stem cells
- Such factors can include certain embryonic genes (such as the OCT4, SOX2 and LF4 transgenes).
- pluripotent refers to a cell or cell line capable of differentiating into any differentiated cell type, for example, an ability to grow in all three germ layers of the organism's development. , especially endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.
- induced mesenchymal stem cells or “iMSC” or “human induced mesenchymal stem cells” denotes mesenchymal stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC).
- the human stem cell is a mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC). In another particular embodiment of the invention, the human stem cell is an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC). In another particular embodiment of the invention, the human stem cell is an induced mesenchymal stem cell (iMSC).
- hMSC mesenchymal stem cell
- iPSC induced pluripotent stem cell
- iMSC induced mesenchymal stem cell
- exogenous nucleic acid denotes a nucleic acid not naturally present in the human stem cell according to the invention.
- the exogenous nucleic acid can be genomic DNA, cDNA, DNAs which are natural or obtained totally or partially by chemical synthesis. According to one embodiment of the invention, the exogenous nucleic acid is of therapeutic interest.
- the exogenous nucleic acid comprises a region encoding a fusion protein comprising a mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein (CYP2B6 * ) of SEQ ID No.1 or a variant or a fragment thereof, and a NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein of SEQ ID No.2 or a variant or fragment thereof.
- the human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein is a mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein, also called CYP2B6 * , of SEQ ID No.
- said variant or said fragment comprises residues 114V, 199M and 477W as represented in the amino acid sequence SEQ ID No.1.
- said variant or fragment retains a biological activity of a protein having the amino acid sequence SEQ ID No.1.
- the amino acid sequence of the human wild-type cytochrome P450 2B6 protein (CYP2B6 WT) is represented by the sequence SEQ ID No.3.
- the mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein (CYP2B6 * ) has an affinity for CPA more than 8 times greater than that of the wild-type protein (CYP2B6 WT), while retaining the same Vmax, in particular due to the fact 1114V, L199M and V477W substitutions as shown in SEQ ID No. 1.
- the variants and fragments of the amino acid sequence SEQ ID No.1 are included within the scope of the invention.
- mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 proteins, variants and fragments of the invention as described herein retain Val at the position corresponding to residue 114 of the amino acid sequence SEQ ID No.1, Met at the position corresponding to residue 199 of the amino acid sequence SEQ ID No.1 and Trp at the position corresponding to residue 477 of the amino acid sequence SEQ ID No.1.
- amino acid sequence of the wild-type NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein (NADPH WT) is represented by the sequence SEQ ID No.2.
- the variants and fragments of the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No. 2, described below, also fall within the scope of the invention.
- Variants of the proteins can be natural variants, such as splice variants, alleles and isoforms, or they can be produced by recombinant means.
- Variations in the amino acid sequence can be introduced by substitution, deletion or insertion of one or more codons in the nucleic acid sequence encoding the protein, resulting in a modification of the amino acid sequence of the protein. protein.
- the variation can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 amino acids or more with any other amino acid.
- the variation can be introduced by addition or deletion of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 , 19, 20 or more amino acids within the protein.
- Amino acid substitutions can be conservative or non-conservative.
- the substitutions are conservative substitutions, in which one amino acid is substituted for another amino acid having similar structural and / or functional and / or chemical properties. Examples of conservative substitutions are listed below:
- Val (V) Ile; Leu; Met; Phe; To the; norleucine.
- Variants of the proteins can include proteins which have at least about 80% amino acid sequence identity with a polypeptide sequence described herein.
- a protein variant will have at least about 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93 %, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% amino acid sequence identity with a complete amino acid sequence or a fragment of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID No.1 and / or SEQ ID No.2.
- the identity of the amino acid sequence is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues of the variant sequence that are identical to the amino acid residues of the reference sequence, after sequence alignment and introduction, if applicable. , gaps in order to achieve the maximum percentage sequence identity, and not to consider conservative substitutions within the framework of the sequence identity.
- the identity of the sequence can be determined over the entire length of the variant sequence, over the entire length of the reference sequence, or both.
- the methods of sequence alignment and sequence identity determination are well known in the art, for example, using publicly available software such as BioPerl, BLAST, BLAST-2, CS-BLAST, FASTA, ALIGN, ALIGN-2, LALIGN, Jaligner, matcher or Megalign software (DNASTAR).
- fragments of the proteins and the variants of proteins described in the present application are also encompassed by the invention.
- Such fragments may be truncated at the N-terminus or the C-terminus, or may be devoid of internal amino acid residues outside the N-terminus and C-terminus, for example, relative to to a full length protein.
- Some fragments lack amino acid residues which are not essential for enzymatic activity.
- said fragments are at least approximately 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500 amino acids or more in length.
- Preferred fragments of the proteins described herein include all or part of the active site.
- Preferred fragments of the mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein (CYP2B6 * ) comprise or consist of amino acids 1 to 490 of the full length sequence SEQ ID No.1.
- Preferred fragments of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein comprise or consist of fragments comprising or consisting of amino acids 60 to 680 of the amino acid sequence SEQ ID No.2.
- the variants and fragments of the invention preferably retain a biological activity of the complete protein.
- the variants and fragments of the human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein advantageously have an oxidative activity of a substrate such as cyclophosphamide (CPA), or of another substrate, in particular by catalyzing the hydroxylation to 4-OH- CPA.
- a substrate such as cyclophosphamide (CPA)
- CPA cyclophosphamide
- said variants and fragments have an affinity for cyclophosphamide (CPA) greater than that of the human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein of sequence SEQ ID No.3, preferably at least 2, 3, 4, 5 , 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 times that of the wild type sequence.
- CPA cyclophosphamide
- said variants and fragments have an affinity for CPA which is identical, substantially identical or greater than that of the mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein (CYP2B6 * ) of SEQ ID No.1.
- Methods making it possible to assay said activity and this affinity are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in particular in Nguyen et al, Mol Pharmacol, 2008, 73: 1122-1133.
- the variants and fragments of the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein preferably have cytochrome c-reducing activity, preferably in a NADPH-dependent manner.
- said variants and fragments have an activity identical to, substantially greater than or equal to that of the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein. full length (SEQ ID No.No. 2). Methods of assaying this activity are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in particular in Yasukochi et al; Arch Biochem Biophys, 1980, 202: 491-498.
- fusion protein denotes a chimeric protein created by joining two or more genes encoding distinct proteins or fragments of proteins, such as different protein domains, in a single reading frame encoding. a single translated protein.
- the fusion protein of the present invention preferably comprises:
- CYP2B6 * a mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein of SEQ ID No.1 or a variant or a fragment thereof
- NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein of SEQ ID No. 2 or a variant or a fragment thereof as described above.
- said fusion protein of sequence SEQ ID No.4 comprises:
- SEQ ID No.4 (fusion protein):
- the mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein (CYP2B6 * ) of SEQ ID No.1 or a variant or a fragment thereof may be upstream or downstream of the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein of SEQ ID No.2 or a variant or a fragment thereof.
- the mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein (CYP2B6 * ) of SEQ ID No.1 or a variant or a fragment thereof is upstream of the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein of SEQ ID No.2 or a variant or a fragment thereof.
- proteins of the invention should be understood as encompassing said fusion proteins.
- the proteins or fragments of proteins constituting the fusion protein can be separated by a peptide linker sequence or a spacer.
- the peptide binding sequence also called a "linker” or the spacer, also called a “spacer”
- the peptide linker sequence or the spacer may include an enzymatic cleavage site to allow the polypeptide components to be separated by enzymatic digestion.
- the peptide linker sequence or the spacer can be, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or more amino acids.
- the peptide linker sequence or the spacer has a length of less than 10, less than 9, less than 8, less than 7, less than 6 or less than 5 amino acids.
- Examples of the peptide binding sequence or the spacer for use in the fusion proteins of the present invention include (Ser) n Thr, where "n" is an integer, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , 7, 8 or 9. In a preferred embodiment, "n” is 5. In another preferred embodiment, "n" is 3.
- the exogenous nucleic acid is not randomly integrated into the genome of the human stem cell.
- the exogenous nucleic acid is integrated into the ZZEF1 gene (Zinc finger ZZ-type and EF-hand domain containing).
- a single copy of the exogenous nucleic acid is integrated into the ZZEF1 gene.
- the exogenous nucleic acid is integrated into the intron located between exon 3 and exon 4 of the ZZEF1 gene.
- the exogenous nucleic acid is integrated between exon 3 and exon 4 of the ZZEF1 gene at site 4115336 on chromosome 17.
- the promoter to which is operably linked the region encoding a fusion protein comprising a mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein (CYP2B6 * ) of SEQ ID No.1 or a variant or a fragment thereof, and a NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein of SEQ ID No.2 or a variant or fragment thereof is a constitutive promoter.
- the constitutive promoter can be chosen from the CMV promoter, the CBA promoter and the EF1 -a promoter.
- the constitutive promoter is the EF1-a promoter.
- the exogenous nucleic acid further comprises a selectable marker gene.
- selection marker gene means a coding sequence for a selectable marker protein, which allows the selective retention of human stem cells which have integrated the exogenous nucleic acid during the culture and propagation of the cells.
- the selection marker gene is the CD34 gene, advantageously the CD34 gene which has undergone splicing, also called the spliced CD34 gene.
- the selection marker gene is the spliced CD34 gene of sequence SEQ ID No. 5:
- SEQ ID No. 5 (Spliced CD34 selection marker gene):
- the use of the spliced CD34 gene allows selection of human stem cells that have integrated exogenous nucleic acid without having signal transduction activity.
- the spliced CD34 selection marker gene is operably linked to a nucleic acid of sequence SEQ ID No. 6 encoding peptide 2A.
- the spliced CD34 selectable marker gene is operably linked to a nucleic acid encoding peptide 2A and is represented by the nucleic acid sequence SEQ ID No.7.
- SEQ ID No. 7 (Spliced CD34 selection marker gene - peptide 2A):
- Another object of the invention relates to an expression vector, for example a viral vector, comprising the exogenous nucleic acid as defined above.
- the term “vector” denotes a polynucleotide sequence containing exogenous nucleic acid as defined above and control sequences in functional bond, so that the human stem cells transformed with these sequences are capable of producing the encoded proteins, in particular the fusion protein comprising a mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein (CYP2B6 * ) of SEQ ID No.1 or a variant or a fragment thereof and a NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase protein of SEQ ID No .2 or a variant or a fragment thereof.
- CYP2B6 * mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein
- the human stem cell has been obtained by retroviral transduction with a viral vector comprising exogenous nucleic acid.
- the vector generally comprises a promoter, signals for initiation and termination of translation, as well as appropriate regions for the regulation of transcription.
- the vector comprises a nucleic acid of SEQ ID No. 8 comprising:
- - exogenous nucleic acid comprising a region encoding a fusion protein comprising a mutant human cytochrome P450 2B6 protein (CYP2B6 * ) of SEQ ID No.1 or a variant or a fragment thereof and a NADPH-cytochrome P450 protein reductase of SEQ ID No.2 or a variant or a fragment thereof as defined above, and
- the selection marker gene operably linked to a nucleic acid encoding the 2A peptide as defined above.
- SEQ ID No 8 vectorized nucleic acid: AT GG AACT CAGCGT CCT CCT CTT CCTT GCACT CCT CACAGG ACT CTT GCT ACT CCT GGT T CAGCGCCACCCT AACACCCAT GACCGCCT CCCACCAGGGCCCCGCCCT CT GCCCCTT TT GGGAAACCTT CT GCAG AT GG AT CCT GGT T CAGCGCCACCCT AACACCCAT GACCGCCT CCCACCAGGGCCCCGCCCT CT GCCCCTT TT GGGAAACCTT CT GCAG AT GG AT ACT AGT AGCT AGCT AGGATG AT GGT ACT GGT AGACGACGATG AT GCCT ACT GGT AGACGCATG AT GCCT AGCT AGACGACGAT GGG ACCG AGGCCCGT GGT CAT GCTG T GT GG AGT AGGCCAT ACGGG AGGCCCTT GT GG ACAAGGCT G AGGAATT CT CTGGCC GG AAAAAT CGCCAT GGT
- the vector used is a lentiviral vector, advantageously the lentiviral vector pLenti-l I l-EF 1 a, sold by the company Applied Biological Materials Inc.
- the vector is stably maintained in the human stem cell and may optionally possess particular signals which specify the secretion of the translated protein. These different elements are chosen and optimized by those skilled in the art depending on the host cell used. Such vectors are prepared by methods commonly used by those skilled in the art, and the resulting clones can be introduced into the appropriate human stem cell by standard methods, such as lipofection, electroporation, the use of agents. polycationic, thermal shock, or chemical methods.
- the exogenous nucleic acid can be introduced by various methods into chromosome 17, using in particular effector nucleation techniques of the transcription activator type (TALEN), grouped together in repetition techniques. short evenly spaced palindromics (CRISPR / Cas9) or zinc finger nucleases (ZFN).
- CRISPR / Cas9 short evenly spaced palindromics
- ZFN zinc finger nucleases
- the integration of the exogenous nucleic acid into chromosome 17 is obtained by using regularly grouped short palindromic repeats (CRISPR / Cas9).
- CRISPR is a microbial nuclease system involved in the defense against invading phages and plasmids.
- CRISPR loci in microbial hosts contain a combination of CRISPR associated genes (Cas) as well as non-coding RNA elements capable of programming the specificity of CRISPR-induced nucleic acid cleavage (sgRNA).
- Cas CRISPR associated genes
- sgRNA CRISPR-induced nucleic acid cleavage
- Three types (l-lll) of CRISPR systems have been identified on a wide range of bacterial hosts.
- a key feature of each CRISPR locus is the presence of an array of repetitive sequences (direct repeats) interspersed with short sequences of non-repeating sequences (spacers).
- the non-coding CRISPR template is transcribed and cleaved within direct short rRNA repeats containing individual spacer sequences, which direct Cas nucleases to the target site (protospacer).
- Type II CRISPR is one of the best characterized systems and performs targeted double stranded DNA breakage in four sequential steps.
- Third, the mature tRNA: tracrRNA complex directs Cas9 on the target DNA via Watson-Crick base pairing between the spacer on the rRNA and the protospacer on the target DNA, next to the adjacent protopracer motif. (PAM), an additional requirement for target recognition.
- PAM protopracer motif
- Cas9 is involved in the cleavage of the target DNA in order to create a double-stranded break in the protospacer.
- Cas9 is therefore the characteristic protein of the CRISPR-Cas type II system and a large monomeric DNA nuclease guided to a DNA target sequence adjacent to the PAM sequence motif (protospacer adjacent motif) by a complex of two non-coding RNAs: CRIPSR RNA (RRNA) and transactivating rRNA (tracrRNA).
- RRNA CRIPSR RNA
- tracrRNA transactivating rRNA
- the HNH nuclease domain cuts the complementary DNA strand while the RuvC-like domain cuts the non-complementary strand and therefore a blunt cut is introduced into the target DNA.
- Heterologous expression of Cas9 with sgRNA can introduce site-specific double-stranded breaks (DSBs) into the genomic DNA of living cells of various organisms. For applications in eukaryotic organisms, codon optimized versions of Cas9, which is native to the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, have been used.
- Single-guide RNA sgRNA is the second component of the CRISPR / Cas system that forms a complex with Cas9 nuclease.
- SgRNA is a synthetic RNA chimera created by the fusion of cRNA and tracrRNA.
- the gRNA guide sequence located at the 5 'end confers specificity to the DNA target. Therefore, by modifying the guide sequence, it is possible to create sgRNAs with different target specificities.
- the canonical length of the guide sequence is 20 bp.
- Cas9 expression vectors for use in the methods of the invention can be constructed as described in the art.
- Another object of the invention relates to the genetically modified human stem cell as defined above for its use as a medicament.
- the present invention relates to the genetically modified human stem cell as defined above for its use in the prevention and / or treatment of cancer and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases.
- the cancer is a cancer chosen from: cancers affecting the central nervous system, such as astrocytomas and gliomas; cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (ENT), such as cancer of the lips, cancer of the oral cavity, cancer of the oropharynx and cancer of the nasopharynx; cancers of the endocrine glands, such as thyroid cancer, adrenal gland cancer, and extra-digestive and pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors; cancers of the exocrine glands, such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer; cancers affecting the thorax, such as cancer of the pleura and lung cancer; digestive cancers, such as cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the stomach, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the colon and cancer of the rectum and / or anal canal; genital cancers, such as prostate cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, cancer of the vagina, and cancer of the vulva; urinary cancers, such as kidney cancer and bladder cancer;
- the invention relates to the genetically modified human stem cell as defined above for its use in the prevention and / or treatment of solid tumors, and in particular hepatocellular carcinomas, and / or cancer recurrences and / or metastases. associated.
- the genetically modified human stem cell according to the invention is particularly useful for preventing and / or treating cancer and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases.
- the genetically modified human stem cell according to the invention is particularly useful for preventing and / or treating solid tumors and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases.
- the genetically modified human stem cell according to the invention is particularly useful for preventing and / or treating cancer and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases chosen from: cancers affecting the central nervous system, such as astrocytomas and gliomas; cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (ENT), such as cancer of the lips, cancer of the oral cavity, cancer of the oropharynx and cancer of the nasopharynx; cancers of the endocrine glands, such as thyroid cancer, adrenal gland cancer, and extra-digestive and pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors; cancers of the exocrine glands, such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer; cancers affecting the chest, such as cancer of the pleura and lung cancer; digestive cancers, such as cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the stomach, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the colon and cancer of the rectum and / or anal canal; genital cancers,
- the genetically modified human stem cell according to the invention is particularly useful for preventing and / or treating hepatocellular carcinomas and / or associated metastases.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for selecting genetically modified stem cells as defined above, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: a) transducing human stem cells with a viral vector comprising exogenous nucleic acid , b) culturing the genetically modified human stem cells obtained from step a) in a predefined culture medium, and c) selecting the genetically modified human stem cells expressing the selection marker gene on their membrane surface.
- the culture medium used is a medium specific for human stem cells, such as Mesenchymal Stem Cell Growth Medium 2, sold by Promocell (Product reference: C28009).
- the culture medium used comprises 50% of medium having been in contact with the non-transduced human stem cells for 24 h and 50% of the same fresh medium.
- the selection marker gene is the spliced CD34 gene.
- the selection of genetically modified human stem cells expressing the selection marker gene at their membrane surface is carried out by flow cytometry, in particular by means of the BD-FACS ARIAIII TM device using anti-CD34 antibodies coupled to fluorochrome. "Brilliant Violet 421” (Brillant Violet 421 TM anti-human CD34 (Product reference: 343609 from Biolegend)).
- Another subject of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising the genetically modified human stem cell according to the invention as active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells as active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- the pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells as active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient as defined above is particularly useful for preventing and / or treat cancer and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases.
- the pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells as active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient as defined above is administered to a patient suffering from or suspected of suffering from cancer and / or from recurrence of cancer and / or associated metastases.
- the cancer is a cancer with solid tumors.
- solid tumor within the meaning of the present invention, is meant a carcinoma or a sarcoma.
- the cancer is a cancer chosen from: cancers affecting the central nervous system, such as astrocytomas and gliomas; cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (ENT), such as cancer of the lips, cancer of the oral cavity, cancer of the oropharynx and cancer of the nasopharynx; cancers of the endocrine glands, such as thyroid cancer, adrenal gland cancer, and extra-digestive and pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors; cancers of the exocrine glands, such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer; cancers affecting the chest, such as cancer of the pleura and lung cancer; digestive cancers, such as cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the stomach, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the colon, and cancer of the rectum and / or anal canal; gen
- the pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells as active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient as defined above is particularly useful for preventing and / or to treat solid tumors, and in particular hepatocellular carcinomas, and / or recurrences of cancer and / or associated metastases.
- the pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells as active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient as defined above is administered to a patient suffering from or suspected of suffering from solid tumors, and in particular from hepatocellular carcinomas, and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases.
- the patient can be a human, male or female, regardless of age.
- the patient can be a non-human animal, preferably a non-human mammal, for example a dog, a cat, a mouse, a rat, a hamster, a rabbit, a chinchilla, a horse, a cow. , a pig, a sheep, a goat or a primate.
- the terms “therapeutically effective” or “effective amount to be treated” or “pharmaceutically effective” denote the amount of genetically modified human stem cells necessary to inhibit or reverse a disease, advantageously cancer, and in particular for to treat solid tumors and in particular hepatocellular carcinomas, and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases.
- the determination of a therapeutically effective amount depends specifically on factors such as the toxicity and effectiveness of the drug. These factors will differ depending on other factors such as activity, relative bioavailability, patient body weight, severity of unwanted side effects, and preferred mode of administration. Toxicity can be determined using methods well known in the art. The same is true for efficiency.
- a pharmaceutically effective amount is, therefore, an amount which is considered by the clinician to be toxicologically tolerable, but effective.
- the dosage can be appropriately adjusted to achieve desired levels of drug (eg, genetically modified human stem cells), local or systemic, particularly transarterial, depending on the mode of administration. In the event that the response in a patient is insufficient at such doses, even higher doses (or doses more effective by a different, more localized route of administration) may be used as long as the patient tolerates it. allows.
- Several injections about a week apart can also be used to reach appropriate levels of toxic metabolites formed to cause tumor cell death and trigger an anti-tumor immune response. "Dose” and “dosage” are used interchangeably herein. The frequency of injection is related to the half-life of genetically modified human stem cells.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is administered to the patient at the rate of one administration per week for at least four weeks.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is administered to the patient at the rate of two administrations, advantageously three administrations, advantageously four administrations, advantageously five administrations, advantageously six administrations, advantageously seven administrations per week.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is administered to the patient for at least four weeks, advantageously at least five weeks, advantageously at least six weeks, advantageously at least seven weeks, advantageously at least eight weeks, advantageously at least nine weeks, advantageously at least ten weeks.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention further comprises at least one second active principle.
- at least one second active principle can interact synergistically with the genetically modified human stem cells according to the invention.
- the second active principle is an anti-cancer agent.
- cytostatic agents cytotoxic agents, cytoprotective agents, growth inhibiting agents, toxins and combinations thereof.
- anti-cancer agents that can be used in tumor therapy with the genetically modified human stem cells of the invention include cyclophosphamide (CAS number 50-18-0, also known as cyclophosphane, and the trademarks Endoxan ® , Neosar ® , Procytox ® and Revimmune ® ), AQ4N (1, 4).
- the second active principle can comprise a combination of anticancer agents, such as those listed above.
- the second active principle is a combination of an anticancer agent and a cytoprotective agent.
- the second active principle is a combination of cyclophosphamide and mesna.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises genetically modified human stem cells as defined above as active principle and cyclophosphamide as second active principle.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises genetically modified human stem cells as defined above as active principle and mesna as second active principle.
- the second active principle can be in the form of granules, powders, tablets, coated tablets, (micro) capsules, syrups, emulsions, suspensions or prolonged-release preparations.
- the second active principle can be in a form which can be administered parenterally.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises genetically modified human stem cells as defined above as active principle and cyclophosphamide as second active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises genetically modified human stem cells as defined above as active principle and cyclophosphamide and mesna as second active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- the pharmaceutical composition when the pharmaceutical composition comprises a second active principle, the pharmaceutical composition is in a form suitable for simultaneous administration or sequential administration of the genetically modified human stem cells and of the second active principle.
- the term “simultaneous administration” is understood to mean administration of the genetically modified human stem cells and of the second active principle at the same time, at the same time, to a patient in quantities which are therapeutically effective to allow the synergistic effect. of the pharmaceutical composition.
- the genetically modified human stem cells and the second active principle are necessarily administered in the form of a mixture; they can in fact be administered simultaneously but separately, in the form of separate compositions.
- present in two distinct compositions is meant that the genetically modified human stem cells and the second active principle are physically separated. They are then used, administered separately in therapeutically effective amounts to allow the synergistic effect of the pharmaceutical composition, without prior mixing, in several (at least two) dosage forms (for example two distinct compositions).
- the genetically modified human stem cells and the second active ingredient can be present in the same composition in therapeutically effective amounts to allow the synergistic effect of the pharmaceutical composition.
- the term “present in the same composition” is understood to mean the physical combination of genetically modified human stem cells and the second active principle.
- the genetically modified human stem cells and the second active principle are then necessarily administered simultaneously since they are administered together, in the form of a mixture, in the same dosage form (for example in a single composition containing the genetically modified human stem cells and the anti-cancer agent) and in therapeutically effective amounts to provide the synergistic effect of the pharmaceutical composition.
- the expression “sequential administration” means that the genetically modified human stem cells and the second active principle are administered in therapeutically effective amounts to allow the synergistic effect of the pharmaceutical composition, not simultaneously but separately in time, one after the other.
- the terms “precede” or “preceding” and “follow” or “following” then apply.
- the term “precede” or “preceding” is used when a compound of the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is administered a few minutes or several hours, or even several days before the administration of the other compound (s) of the composition. pharmaceutical.
- the term “follow” or “next” is used when a compound of the pharmaceutical composition is administered a few minutes or several hours, or even several days after the administration of the other compound (s) of the. pharmaceutical composition.
- the genetically modified human stem cells are administered a few days before the second active ingredient.
- the pharmaceutical composition when the pharmaceutical composition comprises a second active principle, the pharmaceutical composition is suitable for sequential administration of genetically human stem cells. modified and the second active ingredient.
- the second active principle is cyclophosphamide used alone or in combination with mesna.
- the genetically modified human stem cells are administered to the patient, then two to three days after the administration of the genetically modified human stem cells, cyclophosphamide, alone or in combination with mesna, is administered to the same patient, and this at the rate of two administrations of genetically modified human stem cells and cyclophosphamide, alone or in combination with mesna, per week for at least four weeks, advantageously at least five weeks, advantageously at least six weeks , advantageously at least seven weeks, advantageously at least eight weeks, advantageously at least nine weeks, advantageously at least ten weeks.
- the pharmaceutical composition used may be in solid, semi-solid or liquid dosage form such as, for example, tablets, pills, powders, capsules, gels, ointments, etc. liquids, suspensions or the like.
- the pharmaceutical compositions are administered in unit dosage forms suitable for single administration of precise dosage amounts.
- the pharmaceutical compositions can also comprise, depending on the desired formulation, at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, which are defined as aqueous-based vehicles commonly used for formulations intended for human administration. The diluent is chosen so as not to affect the biological activity of the active compounds present in the pharmaceutical composition of the invention.
- diluents examples include distilled water, physiological saline, Ringer's solution, dextrose solution and Hank's solution. Effective amounts of such diluent or carrier are amounts effective to obtain a pharmaceutically acceptable formulation in terms of solubility of the components, biological activity, etc.
- the pharmaceutical compositions provided herein are sterile.
- Suitable liquid pharmaceutical preparation forms may in particular comprise aqueous or saline solutions, said aqueous or saline solutions possibly being micro-encapsulated, notched, applied to microscopic gold particles, contained in liposomes.
- the administration of the pharmaceutical composition or the genetically modified human stem cell according to the present invention can be by any route of administration, including oral, topical, parenteral route (also called the oral route). systemic or systemic), intramuscular, intranasal, sublingual, intratracheal, inhalation, ocular, vaginal and rectal. Intracapsular, intravenous, transarterial, intraarterial and intraperitoneal routes of administration can also be used. Those skilled in the art will know how to choose the appropriate route of administration depending on the disorder to be treated.
- the pharmaceutical composition or the genetically modified human stem cell according to the present invention can be administered to a subject by the parenteral route, advantageously by the transarterial route.
- compositions when it is desirable to be administered systemically, can be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, for example, by bolus injection or continuous infusion.
- Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, for example in ampoules or in multiple dose containers, with an added preservative.
- the compositions can take forms such as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and can contain formulating agents such as suspending agents, stabilizers and / or dispersants.
- compositions for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of the active compositions in water soluble form.
- suspensions of the active compositions can be prepared as suitable oily injection suspensions.
- suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fatty oils such as sesame oil, or synthetic fatty acid esters, such as ethyl oleate or triglycerides, or liposomes.
- Aqueous injection suspensions may contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sorbitol or dextran.
- the suspension may also contain suitable stabilizers or agents which increase the solubility of the compositions to allow the preparation of highly concentrated solutions.
- the active compositions may be in the form of powders to constitute a suitable vehicle, for example sterile pyrogen-free water, before use.
- the pharmaceutical composition or the genetically modified human stem cell according to the present invention can be administered to a patient by the transarterial route.
- the pharmaceutical composition or the genetically modified human stem cell according to the present invention is in a form suitable for its administration by the trans-arterial route.
- the genetically modified human stem cells according to the present invention represent in an amount of 0.5 to 98% by weight, or even more, of the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition considered.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprises only the genetically modified human stem cells as defined above, as a single active principle.
- Another object of the invention relates to a method of preventive treatment of cancer and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases, comprising the administration to the patient of genetically modified human stem cells or of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an amount therapeutically effective genetically modified human stem cells as active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient as defined above.
- prevention or “prophylaxis” or “preventive treatment” or “prophylactic treatment” comprises a treatment leading to the prevention of a disease as well as a treatment reducing and / or delaying the incidence. disease or the risk of disease occurrence.
- the genetically modified human stem cell is particularly effective in preventing recurrence and the appearance of new metastases, by eliciting a strong anti-tumor immune response, thereby inducing a protective effect against recurrence and metastasis.
- the present invention relates to a method of preventive treatment of cancer and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases, comprising the administration to the patient of genetically modified human stem cells or of a composition.
- pharmaceutical comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells as active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient as defined above and a second active principle as defined above.
- the cancer is a cancer with solid tumors.
- solid tumor within the meaning of the present invention, is meant a carcinoma or a sarcoma.
- the cancer is a cancer chosen from: cancers affecting the central nervous system, such as astrocytomas and gliomas; cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (ENT), such as cancer of the lips, cancer of the oral cavity, cancer of the oropharynx and cancer of the nasopharynx; cancers of endocrine glands, such as thyroid cancer, adrenal gland cancer, and extra-digestive and pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors; cancers of the exocrine glands, such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer; cancers affecting the chest, such as cancer of the pleura and lung cancer; digestive cancers, such as cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the stomach, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the colon and cancer of the rectum and / or anal canal; genital cancer
- the present invention relates to a method of preventive treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, comprising the administration to the patient of genetically modified human stem cells or of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells. as active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient as defined above.
- the present invention relates to a method of preventive treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, comprising the administration to the patient of genetically modified human stem cells or of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells. as active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient as defined above and a second active principle as defined above.
- the present invention relates to the use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells as an active ingredient in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention of cancer and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases.
- the cancer is a cancer with solid tumors.
- solid tumor within the meaning of the present invention, is meant a carcinoma or a sarcoma.
- the cancer is a cancer chosen from: cancers affecting the central nervous system, such as astrocytomas and gliomas; cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (ENT), such as cancer of the lips, cancer of the oral cavity, cancer of the oropharynx and cancer of the nasopharynx; cancers of the endocrine glands, such as thyroid cancer, adrenal gland cancer, and extra-digestive and pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors; cancers of the exocrine glands, such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer; cancers affecting the chest, such as cancer of the pleura and lung cancer; digestive cancers, such as cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the stomach, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the colon and cancer of the rectum and / or anal canal; genital
- the present invention relates to the use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells as an active ingredient in the manufacture of a medicament for the prevention of solid tumors. , and in particular hepatocellular carcinomas, and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases.
- Another object of the invention relates to a method of curative treatment of cancer and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases in patients requiring administration, comprising the administration to said patients of genetically modified human stem cells or of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells as active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient as defined above.
- treatment or “curative treatment” is defined as a treatment leading to a cure or a treatment which alleviates, improves and / or eliminates, reduces and / or stabilizes the symptoms of a disease or the suffering it causes.
- Another object of the invention relates to a method of curative treatment of cancer and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases in patients requiring treatment.
- administration comprising the administration to said patients of genetically modified human stem cells or of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells as active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient as defined above and a second active principle as defined above.
- the cancer is a cancer with solid tumors.
- solid tumor within the meaning of the present invention, is meant a carcinoma or a sarcoma.
- the cancer is a cancer chosen from: cancers affecting the central nervous system, such as astrocytomas and gliomas; cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (ENT), such as cancer of the lips, cancer of the oral cavity, cancer of the oropharynx and cancer of the nasopharynx; cancers of the endocrine glands, such as thyroid cancer, adrenal gland cancer, and extra-digestive and pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors; cancers of the exocrine glands, such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer; cancers affecting the chest, such as cancer of the pleura and lung cancer; digestive cancers, such as cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the stomach, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the colon, and cancer of the rectum and / or anal canal; gen
- Another object of the invention relates to a method of curative treatment of a solid tumor, advantageously hepatocellular carcinomas, and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases, in patients requiring administration, comprising administration to said patients of genetically modified human stem cells or of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells as active principle and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient as defined above.
- Another subject of the invention relates to a method of curative treatment of a solid tumor, advantageously hepatocellular carcinomas, and / or cancer recurrences. and / or associated metastases, in patients requiring administration, comprising the administration to said patients of genetically modified human stem cells or of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells as an active ingredient and at the same time.
- least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient as defined above and a second active principle as defined above.
- the present invention relates to the use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells as an active principle in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases.
- the cancer is a cancer with solid tumors.
- solid tumor within the meaning of the present invention, is meant a carcinoma or a sarcoma.
- the cancer is a cancer chosen from: cancers affecting the central nervous system, such as astrocytomas and gliomas; cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (ENT), such as cancer of the lips, cancer of the oral cavity, cancer of the oropharynx and cancer of the nasopharynx; cancers of the endocrine glands, such as thyroid cancer, adrenal gland cancer, and extra-digestive and pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors; cancers of the exocrine glands, such as breast cancer and pancreatic cancer; cancers affecting the chest, such as cancer of the pleura and lung cancer; digestive cancers, such as cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the stomach, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the colon, and cancer of the rectum and / or anal canal; gen
- the present invention relates to the use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells as an active principle in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of solid tumors, and in particular hepatocellular carcinomas, and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases.
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of genetically modified human stem cells as an active principle in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of solid tumors, and in particular hepatocellular carcinomas, and / or cancer recurrences and / or associated metastases.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of nucleic acid comprising vectorized nucleic acid (SEQ ID NO.8).
- FIG. 2 represents the determination of the IC50 of the TC1 cells, after transfer of the supernatants of the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), of the human mesenchymal stem cells having integrated the gene encoding the fusion protein (hMSC * ), of the clones 3, 4 and 10, said cells having been previously treated for 24 hours with increasing concentrations of cyclophosphamide (CPA).
- hMSC human mesenchymal stem cells
- hMSC * human mesenchymal stem cells having integrated the gene encoding the fusion protein
- CPA cyclophosphamide
- FIG. 3 represents the exposure of calreticulin (CRT) on the surface of TC1 cells treated for 24 hours with the supernatants of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), of TC1 cells having integrated the gene encoding the fusion protein ( TC1 CYP2B6 * ), genetically modified human stem cells according to the invention (hMSC-CYP2B6 * ) and murine mesenchymal stem cells (mMSC) having integrated the gene encoding the fusion protein (mMSC-CYP2B6 * ), said cells having been previously treated for 24 hours with a dose of 250 mM of cyclophosphamide (CPA).
- CTR calreticulin
- FIG. 4 represents the quantification by FACS of the dying TC1 population treated for 48 hours with the supernatants of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), of the TC1 cells having integrated the gene encoding the fusion protein (TC1 CYP2B6 * ), genetically modified human stem cells according to the invention (hMSC-CYP2B6 * ) and murine mesenchymal stem cells having integrated the gene encoding the fusion protein (mMSC-CYP2B6 * ), said cells having been previously treated for 24 hours with a dose of 250 mM cyclophosphamide (CPA).
- hMSC human mesenchymal stem cells
- TC1 CYP2B6 * genetically modified human stem cells according to the invention
- mMSC-CYP2B6 * murine mesenchymal stem cells having integrated the gene encoding the fusion protein
- FIG. 5 represents the quantification by ELISA of the concentration of HMGB1 released by the dying TC1 cells treated for 48 hours with the supernatants of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), of the TC1 cells having integrated the gene encoding the fusion protein ( TC1 CYP2B6 * ), genetically modified human stem cells according to the invention (hMSC-CYP2B6 * ) and murine mesenchymal stem cells having integrated the gene encoding the fusion protein (mMSC-CYP2B6 * ), said cells having been previously treated for 24 h with a dose of 250 mM of cyclophosphamide (CPA).
- hMSC human mesenchymal stem cells
- FIG. 6 represents the increase in the ratio of genetically modified human stem cells according to the invention (hMSC-CYP2B6 * ) treated with a dose of 250 mM of cyclophosphamide (CPA) on six different cell lines Huh7, SNU398, SNU 387, SNU 878, MHCC97H and PLC / PRF / 5.
- CPA cyclophosphamide
- Example 1 Process for obtaining human stem cells according to the invention
- the cells used are human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) sold by PromoCell, obtained from adipose tissue and cultured in a special medium sold by the manufacturer, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Growth Medium 2, containing only 2% Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) ).
- hMSC human mesenchymal stem cells
- FCS Fetal Calf Serum
- the hMSCs are detached with accutase (StemPro® Accutase®, GIBCO), a product less stringent than trypsin and inoculated at 7.5.10 4 cells in different wells of a 6-well plate (9.6 cm 2 ).
- the cells are transduced with 50 lentiviral particles expressing the exogenous nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein per cell (50 MOI).
- the dilution of the lentiviral particles is carried out in a volume of culture medium, PromoCell Growth Medium 2, of 800 ⁇ L per well.
- the cells are then incubated at 37 ° C. After 4 hours, 1.2 mL of medium (PromoCell Growth Medium 2) is added to each well.
- the transduction is stopped on D + 1, by removing the medium containing the lentiviruses and rinsing with PBS. Then, 2 mL of medium is added to each well.
- the transduced cells are recovered and transferred to T75 (75 cm 2 flask) either on D + 2 or D + 3.
- T75 75 cm 2 flask
- the cells are then labeled with the anti-CD34 antibody and sorted with FACS.
- Example 2 Determination of the number of copies of the exogenous nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein integrated into human stem cells according to the invention
- the transduced cells have a greater or lesser CD34 labeling on the surface allowing the discrimination of cells containing exogenous nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein or not. Dead cells are visualized with propidium iodide (PI) and excluded.
- PI propidium iodide
- a pool of transduced cells was created from a minimum fluorescence of 2 x 103 "Arbitrary Unit" (AU) of CD34 corresponding to approximately 5% of the total cells while a more stringent selection from 104 AU of CD34 , corresponding to approximately 3% of the cells, was carried out to obtain a clone by inoculating these cells at the rate of one cell per well (96-well plate).
- a cytotoxic test using 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) - 5- (3-carboxymethoxyphenyl) -2- (4-sulfophenyl) -2H-tetrazolium (MTS) was carried out.
- This test consists of measuring cell viability in the presence of APC. MTS is reduced by the mitochondria of viable cells to a soluble and colored product, formazan. Measuring the absorbance at 490 nm allows an estimate, relative to a control well, of the cytotoxic effect of APC.
- clone 4 had selected (IC50> 3 mM) to understand why cells expressed CD34 on their surface but were not sensitive to APC.
- PCR digital "Polymerase Chain Reaction”
- hMSC hMSC * (hMSC having integrated the gene encoding the fusion protein)
- C3 clone 3
- C4 clone 4
- C10 clone 10
- the results of the experiment can be categorized according to 3 possibilities:
- a drop without DNA, or with DNA which does not have a target sequence, will be a drop considered empty;
- a drop containing a target sequence will then be detected as FAM positive or VIC positive; or
- a drop containing the 2 target sequences will then be detected as FAM and VIC positive with a color mixture of the 2
- the positive VIC drops will determine the number of copies of the internal reference of the sample making it possible to transform a theoretical quantity of DNA into the number of real DNA molecules.
- the ratio of the positive FAM drops to the positive VIC drops will then make it possible to determine the copy number by multiplying it by 2. In fact, the internal reference containing 2 copies of the gene per genome.
- hMSC human mesenchymal stem cells
- clone 4 have an IC50> 3 mM of CPA, the maximum dose tested, while an IC50 of approximately 500, 150 and 200 mM corresponds to hMSC * , clone 3 and clone 10 respectively (see Figure 2).
- Example 3 Determination of the insertion site of the exogenous nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein
- Clones 3, 4 and 10 were sequenced in order to discover the exact insertion site of the exogenous nucleic acid encoding the fusion protein in these clones.
- clone 3 was selected in order to continue the in vitro tests.
- human mesenchymal stem cells hMSC
- genetically modified human stem cells according to the invention hMSC-CYP2B6 *
- murine mesenchymal stem cells mMSC having integrated the gene encoding the protein fusion
- TC1-CYP2B6 * murine mesenchymal stem cells having integrated the gene encoding the fusion protein
- DAMPs 3 major damage-associated molecular patterns
- the TC1 cells were then brought into contact for 48 hours with the supernatant of the cells previously treated for 24 hours with the dose of 250 mM of CPA.
- the TC1 cells are recovered and labeled with quinacrine in order to visualize intracellular GATR.
- "Dying cells” have very low intracellular ATP levels and this decrease corresponds to the release of GATR during immunogenic cell death (ICD or Immunogenic cell death).
- ICD or Immunogenic cell death immunogenic cell death
- TC1-CYP2B6 * showed a poorer cytotoxic effect on TC1 than hMSC-CYP2B6 * or mMSC-CYP2B6 * . But more importantly, the TC1-CYP2B6 * demonstrate a lower efficiency in triggering the immunogenic death of tumor cells, a key point of our strategy. If at the level of CRT translocation, the treatment with the supernatant (SN) of TC1-CYP2B6 * is only slightly but significantly (p ⁇ 0.05) lower than the supernatants of mMSC-CYP2B6 * and hMSC-CYP2B6 * , the number of dying cells with little ATP is significantly lower
- IC 50s of mMSC and hMSC without the gene encoding the fusion protein were found to be greater than 3 mM cyclophosphamide (CPA) for the 6 lines.
- CPA cyclophosphamide
- the different IC 50 of the murine mesenchymal stem cells having integrated the gene encoding the fusion protein (mMSC-CYP2B6 * ) and of the genetically modified human stem cells according to the invention (hMSC-CYP2B6 * ) towards the lines are listed in Figure 6.
- hMSC-CYP2B6 * genetically modified human stem cells according to the invention compared to tumor cells to artificially increase the number of copies even if this logic does not allow a perfect comparison.
- a greater number of CYP2B6 * inside a single cell does not correspond to the same number of CYP2B6 * dispersed in several cells.
- a larger number of treated cells can also influence the cytotoxic effect.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1911385A FR3101887B1 (fr) | 2019-10-14 | 2019-10-14 | Cellule souche humaine génétiquement modifiée exprimant une protéine cytochrome P450 2B6 humaine mutante et son utilisation dans le traitement du cancer |
| PCT/EP2020/078798 WO2021074162A1 (fr) | 2019-10-14 | 2020-10-13 | Cellule souche humaine génétiquement modifiée exprimant une protéine cytochrome p450 2b6 humaine mutante et son utilisation dans le traitement du cancer |
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| EP4045633A1 true EP4045633A1 (fr) | 2022-08-24 |
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| EP20789158.1A Pending EP4045633A1 (fr) | 2019-10-14 | 2020-10-13 | Cellule souche humaine génétiquement modifiée exprimant une protéine cytochrome p450 2b6 humaine mutante et son utilisation dans le traitement du cancer |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250320461A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4045633A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3154093A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3101887B1 (fr) |
| TW (1) | TW202128986A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021074162A1 (fr) |
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| EP2705052B1 (fr) * | 2011-05-05 | 2017-11-15 | Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) | Protéines 2b6 mutantes du cytochrome p450 et utilisations associées |
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| WO2021074162A1 (fr) | 2021-04-22 |
| FR3101887A1 (fr) | 2021-04-16 |
| CA3154093A1 (fr) | 2021-04-22 |
| US20250320461A1 (en) | 2025-10-16 |
| TW202128986A (zh) | 2021-08-01 |
| FR3101887B1 (fr) | 2024-05-31 |
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