EP4041999A1 - Exhaust gas aftertreatment device - Google Patents

Exhaust gas aftertreatment device

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Publication number
EP4041999A1
EP4041999A1 EP20788765.4A EP20788765A EP4041999A1 EP 4041999 A1 EP4041999 A1 EP 4041999A1 EP 20788765 A EP20788765 A EP 20788765A EP 4041999 A1 EP4041999 A1 EP 4041999A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nitrogen oxide
exhaust gas
oxide adsorber
hydrocarbon trap
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20788765.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rolf BRÜCK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vitesco Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Vitesco Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vitesco Technologies GmbH filed Critical Vitesco Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP4041999A1 publication Critical patent/EP4041999A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9481—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start
    • B01D53/9486—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start for storing hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0835—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/91—NOx-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/912—HC-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
    • B01D2255/915—Catalyst supported on particulate filters
    • B01D2255/9155—Wall flow filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for treating exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine (1), having at least one main catalytic converter (6) for chemically converting at least one exhaust gas component, a hydrocarbon trap (3) for temporarily storing hydrocarbons, a nitrogen oxide adsorber (4) for temporarily storing nitrogen oxides, and an electrically heatable catalyst (5), the aforementioned components (3, 4, 5, 6) being arranged within a spatially delimited flow path (2) and being passed through in succession by an exhaust gas flow.

Description

Beschreibung description
Vorrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung Device for exhaust aftertreatment
Technisches Gebiet Technical area
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Abgasen eines Ver brennungsmotors, mit zumindest einem Hauptkatalysator zur chemischen Um wandlung zumindest einer Abgaskomponente, mit einer Kohlenwasserstofffalle zur Zwischenspeicherung von Kohlenwasserstoffen, mit einem Stickoxidadsorber zur Zwischenspeicherung von Stickoxiden und mit einem elektrisch beheizbaren Heizkatalysator, wobei die vorgenannten Komponenten innerhalb einer räumlich begrenzten Strömungsstrecke angeordnet sind und aufeinanderfolgend durch strömt werden. The invention relates to a device for treating exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, with at least one main catalyst for chemical conversion of at least one exhaust gas component, with a hydrocarbon trap for intermediate storage of hydrocarbons, with a nitrogen oxide adsorber for intermediate storage of nitrogen oxides and with an electrically heatable heating catalyst, the aforementioned Components are arranged within a spatially limited flow path and are flowed through successively.
Stand der Technik State of the art
Zum Zwecke der Abgasnachbehandlung ist der Einsatz von sogenannten HC-Fallen oder Kohlenwasserstofffallen im Abgastrakt bekannt. Ziel des Einsatzes ist die Reduktion von im Abgas mitgeführten Kohlenwasserstoffen, wie insbeson dere unverbranntem Kraftstoff. Solche HC-Fallen sind beispielsweise durch einen zeolithbeschichteten monolithischen Katalysatorträger gebildet. The use of so-called HC traps or hydrocarbon traps in the exhaust tract is known for the purpose of exhaust gas aftertreatment. The aim of the application is to reduce the amount of hydrocarbons carried in the exhaust gas, in particular unburned fuel. Such HC traps are formed, for example, by a zeolite-coated monolithic catalyst carrier.
Die DE 691 27377 T2 offenbart die Verwendung einer HC-Falle im Abgastrakt und zeigt insbesondere mögliche Anordnungen der verschiedenen Komponenten zur Abgasnachbehandlung. DE 691 27377 T2 discloses the use of an HC trap in the exhaust gas tract and shows in particular possible arrangements of the various components for exhaust gas aftertreatment.
Nachteilig an den Vorrichtungen im Stand der Technik ist insbesondere, dass die Abgasnachbehandlung nicht optimal gelöst ist, da insbesondere Stickoxide in den unterschiedlichen Betriebsszenarien eines Kraftfahrzeuges nicht ausreichend aus dem Abgas entfernt werden können. Insbesondere bei niedrigen Temperaturen. A particular disadvantage of the devices in the prior art is that the exhaust gas aftertreatment is not optimally solved, since nitrogen oxides in particular cannot be sufficiently removed from the exhaust gas in the different operating scenarios of a motor vehicle. Especially at low temperatures.
Darstellung der Erfindung, Aufgabe, Lösung, Vorteile Daher ist es die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Abgas nachbehandlung zu schaffen, welche eine verbesserte Reinigung des Abgases in unterschiedlichen Betriebszuständen eines Kraftfahrzeuges ermöglicht. Presentation of the invention, task, solution, advantages It is therefore the object of the present invention to create a device for exhaust gas aftertreatment which enables an improved cleaning of the exhaust gas in different operating states of a motor vehicle.
Die Aufgabe hinsichtlich der Vorrichtung wird durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 gelöst. The object with regard to the device is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Abgasen eines Verbrennungsmotors, mit zumindest einem Hauptkatalysator zur chemischen Umwandlung zumindest einer Abgaskomponente, mit einer Kohlen wasserstofffalle zur Zwischenspeicherung von Kohlenwasserstoffen, mit einem Stickoxidadsorber zur Zwischenspeicherung von Stickoxiden und mit einem elektrisch beheizbaren Heizkatalysator, wobei die vorgenannten Komponenten innerhalb einer räumlich begrenzten Strömungsstrecke angeordnet sind und auf einanderfolgend durchströmt werden. An embodiment of the invention relates to a device for treating exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, with at least one main catalytic converter for the chemical conversion of at least one exhaust gas component, with a carbon trap for the intermediate storage of hydrocarbons, with a nitrogen oxide adsorber for the intermediate storage of nitrogen oxides and with an electrically heatable heating catalyst, the the aforementioned components are arranged within a spatially limited flow path and are flowed through in succession.
Insbesondere die Kombination einer Kohlenwasserstofffalle mit einem Stickoxi dadsorber vor einem Heizkatalysator ist besonders vorteilhaft, um eine optimale Abgasnachbehandlung sicherzustellen. Die Kohlenwasserstofffalle ist dazu einge richtet im Abgas enthaltene Kohlenwasserstoffe aufzunehmen und diese zumindest temporär zu binden. Dies insbesondere solange die Abgastemperatur unter einer gewissen Mindesttemperatur liegt. Dadurch können bevorzugt während des Kalt starts Kohlenwasserstoffe gebunden werden, während die Abgastemperaturen noch nicht hoch genug sind, um eine ausreichende Funktion der nachgelagerten Hauptkatalysatoren zu gewährleisten. Die Kohlenwasserstofffalle ist somit insbe sondere vor dem Erreichen der sogenannten Light-Off Temperatur, ab welcher der Hauptkatalysator seine Hauptwirksamkeit aufweist, wirksam. Bestimmt durch den Werkstoff beziehungsweise insbesondere die Beschichtung der Kohlenwasser stofffalle werden die Kohlenwasserstoffe ab dem Erreichen der Light-Off Tempe ratur wieder desorbiert und in den Abgasstrom abgegeben. In particular, the combination of a hydrocarbon trap with a nitrogen oxide adsorber upstream of a heated catalytic converter is particularly advantageous in order to ensure optimal exhaust gas aftertreatment. The hydrocarbon trap is set up to absorb hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas and to bind them at least temporarily. This is especially true as long as the exhaust gas temperature is below a certain minimum temperature. As a result, hydrocarbons can preferably be bound during the cold start, while the exhaust gas temperatures are not yet high enough to ensure that the downstream main catalytic converters function properly. The hydrocarbon trap is therefore particularly effective before the so-called light-off temperature is reached, from which the main catalyst is most effective. Determined by the material or, in particular, the coating of the hydrocarbon trap, the hydrocarbons are desorbed again when the light-off temperature is reached and released into the exhaust gas flow.
Aufgrund der Kombination mit einem elektrisch beheizten Heizkatalysator, welcher stromab der Kohlenwasserstofffalle angeordnet ist, könnte die Desorptionstempe ratur auch leicht unterhalb der Light-Off Temperatur des Hauptkatalysators liegen, da durch den Heizkatalysator zusätzlich Wärmeenergie zugeführt wird, die dieses Delta schließen kann. Der Stickoxidadsorber weist bevorzugt eine von der Kohlenwasserstofffalle ab weichende Beschichtung auf und zielt auf die Bindung von Stickoxiden aus dem Abgas bei einem niedrigen Temperaturniveau ab und die Desorption bei einem entsprechend höheren Temperaturniveau. Die Adsorption und Desorption ist wie bei der Kohlenwasserstofffalle idealerweise an die Light-Off Temperatur des jewei ligen Hauptkatalysators gebunden, der zu jeweiligen Umsetzung der Abgaskom ponente vorgesehen ist. Due to the combination with an electrically heated heating catalytic converter, which is arranged downstream of the hydrocarbon trap, the desorption temperature could also be slightly below the light-off temperature of the main catalytic converter, since the heating catalytic converter also supplies thermal energy that can close this delta. The nitrogen oxide adsorber preferably has a coating that differs from the hydrocarbon trap and aims at binding nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas at a low temperature level and desorption at a correspondingly higher temperature level. As with the hydrocarbon trap, adsorption and desorption are ideally linked to the light-off temperature of the respective main catalytic converter, which is provided for the respective conversion of the exhaust gas component.
Die Adsorptionstemperatur, bis zu welcher Kohlenwasserstoffe beziehungsweise Stickoxide aufgenommen werden, und die Desorptionstemperatur, ab welcher die gebundenen Kohlenwasserstoffe oder Stickoxide abgegeben werden, können für die Kohlenwasserstofffalle und den Stickoxidadsorber unterschiedlich sein. Diese Temperaturen werden im Wesentlichen durch das gewählte Grundmaterial und die darauf aufgebrachte Beschichtung bestimmt. The adsorption temperature, up to which hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides are absorbed, and the desorption temperature, from which the bound hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides are released, can be different for the hydrocarbon trap and the nitrogen oxide adsorber. These temperatures are essentially determined by the selected base material and the coating applied to it.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn in Strömungsrichtung des Abgases die Koh lenwasserstofffalle und der Stickoxidadsorber vor dem elektrisch beheizbaren Heizkatalysator angeordnet sind. It when the Koh lenwasserstofffalle and the nitrogen oxide adsorber are arranged in front of the electrically heatable heating catalytic converter is particularly advantageous.
Dies ist besonders vorteilhaft, da die Kohlenwasserstofffalle und der Stickoxidad sorber bevorzugt in einem Bereich niedriger Abgastemperatur eingesetzt werden, da sie besonders dort ihre Wirkung entfalten können und die Abgasreinigung so bei insgesamt niedrigen Temperaturniveaus, bevorzugt unterhalb von 200 Grad Cel sius, verbessert. Der elektrisch beheizbare Heizkatalysator ist darauffolgend für die zusätzliche Aufheizung des Abgasstroms und somit insbesondere der nachfol genden Hauptkatalysatoren vorgesehen. This is particularly advantageous since the hydrocarbon trap and the nitrogen oxide adsorber are preferably used in an area of low exhaust gas temperature, since they can develop their effect particularly there and thus improve exhaust gas cleaning at overall low temperature levels, preferably below 200 degrees Cel sius. The electrically heatable heating catalytic converter is then provided for additional heating of the exhaust gas flow and thus in particular of the following main catalytic converters.
Auch ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Kohlenwasserstofffalle und der Stickoxidadsorber jeweils als einzelnes Bauteil ausgeführt sind und in Strömungsrichtung nachei nander in der Strömungsstrecke angeordnet sind. Die Verwendung von einzelnen Bauteilen und Komponenten für die Kohlenwasserstofffalle und den Stickoxidad sorber sind vorteilhaft, um eine möglichst hohe Flexibilität hinsichtlich Platzierung, Aufbau, Materialwahl und Beschichtungswahl zu ermöglichen. Die einzelnen Komponenten können so besonders gut an den jeweiligen Einsatzzweck angepasst werden. Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Koh lenwasserstofffalle und der Stickoxidadsorber als kombiniertes Bauteil ausgeführt sind. Ein kombiniertes Bauteil bietet hingegen insbesondere Vorteile, wenn eine möglichst kompakte Bauform angestrebt wird. Ein kombiniertes Bauteil kann bei spielsweise einen gemeinsamen Wabenkörper aus einem einheitlichen Grundma terial aufweisen und entsprechend der gewünschten Aufteilung mit Beschichtungen versehen sein, die einen als Kohlenwasserstofffalle wirkenden und einen als Stickoxidadsorber wirkenden Teil ausbilden. It is also advantageous if the hydrocarbon trap and the nitrogen oxide adsorber are each designed as a single component and are arranged one after the other in the flow path in the flow direction. The use of individual parts and components for the hydrocarbon trap and the nitrogen oxide adsorber are advantageous in order to allow the greatest possible flexibility in terms of placement, structure, choice of material and choice of coating. The individual components can thus be adapted particularly well to the respective application. A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the hydrocarbon trap and the nitrogen oxide adsorber are designed as a combined component. A combined component, on the other hand, offers advantages in particular when a construction that is as compact as possible is sought. A combined component can, for example, have a common honeycomb body made of a uniform basic material and, according to the desired division, be provided with coatings that form a part acting as a hydrocarbon trap and a part acting as a nitrogen oxide adsorber.
Auch ist es zu bevorzugen, wenn der Stickoxidadsorber ein passiver Stickoxidad sorber ist, der Stickoxide aus dem Abgas bei einem niedrigen Temperaturniveau, vorzugsweise unterhalb von 200 Grad Celsius, zwischenspeichert und diese bei einem höheren Temperaturniveau wieder in den Abgasstrom abgibt. Ein passiver Stickoxidadsorber zeichnet sich insbesondere dadurch aus, dass er Stickoxide aus dem Abgas aufnimmt, diese zwischenspeichert und bei einem höheren Tempera turniveau wieder abgibt. Eine aktive Umsetzung der Stickoxide, wie beispielsweise an einem SCR-Katalysator, an welchem unter Nutzung von Ammoniak eine che mische Umwandlung der Stickoxide stattfindet, findet hier nicht statt. Ein passiver Stickoxidadsorber ergänzt somit die aktive Abgasnachbehandlung und verbessert so insgesamt die Abgasnachbehandlung. It is also preferable if the nitrogen oxide adsorber is a passive nitrogen oxide adsorber that temporarily stores nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas at a low temperature level, preferably below 200 degrees Celsius, and releases them back into the exhaust gas flow at a higher temperature level. A passive nitrogen oxide adsorber is characterized in particular by the fact that it absorbs nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas, stores them temporarily and releases them again at a higher temperature level. An active conversion of the nitrogen oxides, for example on an SCR catalytic converter, on which a chemical conversion of the nitrogen oxides takes place using ammonia, does not take place here. A passive nitrogen oxide adsorber thus supplements the active exhaust gas aftertreatment and thus improves the exhaust gas aftertreatment overall.
Darüber hinaus ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Kohlenwasserstofffalle, der Stickoxi dadsorber und der elektrisch beheizbare Heizkatalysator jeweils durch einen ent lang einer Hauptströmungsrichtung durchström baren Wabenkörper gebildet sind. Hierfür können vorzugsweise Wabenkörper aus Metall genutzt werden, die durch die Verwendung von zumindest teilweise strukturierten und glatten Metallfolien, welche aufeinandergestapelt und aufgewickelt werden, gebildet sind. Alternativ können auch entsprechend beschichtete Keramikträger verwendet werden. In addition, it is advantageous if the hydrocarbon trap, the nitrogen oxide adsorber and the electrically heatable heating catalytic converter are each formed by a honeycomb body through which a main flow direction can flow. For this purpose, honeycomb bodies made of metal can preferably be used, which are formed by the use of at least partially structured and smooth metal foils, which are stacked on top of one another and wound up. Alternatively, appropriately coated ceramic supports can also be used.
Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Desorptionstemperatur der Kohlenwasser stofffalle und/oder des Stickoxidadsorbers und die Light-Off Temperatur des in Strömungsrichtung nachgelagerten Hauptkatalysators identisch ist oder die Light-Off Temperatur etwas unterhalb der Desorptionstemperatur liegt. It is also advantageous if the desorption temperature of the hydrocarbon trap and / or the nitrogen oxide adsorber and the light-off temperature of the main catalyst downstream in the flow direction are identical or the light-off temperature is slightly below the desorption temperature.
Dies ist vorteilhaft, um sicherzustellen, dass die adsorbierten Abgasbestandteile erst wieder desorbiert werden, wenn die Hauptkatalysatoren ausreichend aufge heizt sind, um eine wirksame Abgasnachbehandlung zu gewährleisten. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der vorliegenden Erfindung sind in den Unteransprü chen und in der nachfolgenden Figurenbeschreibung beschrieben. This is advantageous in order to ensure that the adsorbed exhaust gas components are only desorbed again when the main catalytic converters are sufficiently heated to ensure effective exhaust gas aftertreatment. Advantageous developments of the present invention are described in the subclaims and in the following description of the figures.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Brief description of the drawings
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Be zugnahme auf die Zeichnungen detailliert erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigen: In the following, the invention is explained in detail using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings. In the drawings show:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Ansicht eines einem Verbrennungsmotor nach geschalteten Abgastrakts mit einer Kohlenwasserstofffalle und einem Stickoxidadsorber, und 1 shows a schematic view of an exhaust gas tract connected to an internal combustion engine with a hydrocarbon trap and a nitrogen oxide adsorber, and FIG
Fig. 2 eine weitere schematische Ansicht eines einem Verbrennungsmotor nachgeschalteten Abgastrakts mit einer Kohlenwasserstofffalle und einem Stickoxidadsorber. 2 shows a further schematic view of an exhaust gas tract connected downstream of an internal combustion engine with a hydrocarbon trap and a nitrogen oxide adsorber.
Bevorzugte Ausführung der Erfindung Preferred embodiment of the invention
Die Figur 1 zeigt einen Verbrennungsmotor 1. Die Abgase des Verbrennungsmotors 1 werden in den Abgastrakt 2 geleitet, welcher eine Strömungsstrecke für das Abgas darstellt. Innerhalb der Strömungsstrecke 2 ist eine Kohlenwasserstofffalle 3 und ein Stickoxidadsorber 4 angeordnet. Diese können auch in umgekehrter Rei henfolge angeordnet sein. Darauffolgend in Strömungsrichtung ist ein elektrisch beheizbarer Fleizkatalysator 5 angeordnet und darauffolgend mit dem Bezugszei chen 6 zumindest ein Flauptkatalysator, welcher beispielsweise ein Oxidationska talysator oder ein SCR-Katalysator sein kann. FIG. 1 shows an internal combustion engine 1. The exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine 1 are directed into the exhaust gas tract 2, which represents a flow path for the exhaust gas. A hydrocarbon trap 3 and a nitrogen oxide adsorber 4 are arranged within the flow path 2. These can also be arranged in reverse order. Subsequently, in the direction of flow, an electrically heatable Fleizkatalysator 5 is arranged and then with the reference character 6 at least one main catalyst, which can be, for example, an Oxidationska catalyst or an SCR catalyst.
Die Figur 2 zeigt einen ähnlichen Aufbau, weswegen die verwendeten Bezugszei chen identisch sind. Der Unterschied zur Figur 1 ist, dass die Kohlenwasserstofffalle 3 und der Stickoxidadsorber 4 in einer Kombination als gemeinsames Bauteil ausgeführt sind. Auch hier kann die Reihenfolge der Kohlenwasserstofffalle und des Stickoxidadsorbers gedreht werden. Die Ausführungsbeispiele der Figuren 1 und 2 weisen insbesondere keinen be schränkenden Charakter auf und dienen der Verdeutlichung des Erfindungsge dankens. FIG. 2 shows a similar structure, which is why the reference characters used are identical. The difference to Figure 1 is that the hydrocarbon trap 3 and the nitrogen oxide adsorber 4 are designed in a combination as a common component. Here, too, the sequence of the hydrocarbon trap and the nitrogen oxide adsorber can be reversed. The exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 in particular do not have a restrictive character and serve to illustrate the inventive concept.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Abgasen eines Verbrennungsmotors (1), mit zumindest einem Hauptkatalysator (6) zur chemischen Umwandlung zumindest einer Abgaskomponente, mit einer Kohlenwasserstofffalle (3) zur Zwischenspeicherung von Kohlenwasserstoffen, mit einem Stickoxidadsor ber (4) zur Zwischenspeicherung von Stickoxiden und mit einem elektrisch beheizbaren Heizkatalysator (5), wobei die vorgenannten Komponenten (3, 4, 5, 6) innerhalb einer räumlich begrenzten Strömungsstrecke (2) ange ordnet sind und aufeinanderfolgend durchströmt werden. 1. Device for the treatment of exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine (1), with at least one main catalyst (6) for the chemical conversion of at least one exhaust gas component, with a hydrocarbon trap (3) for the intermediate storage of hydrocarbons, with a nitrogen oxide adsor (4) for the intermediate storage of nitrogen oxides and with an electrically heatable heating catalytic converter (5), the aforementioned components (3, 4, 5, 6) being arranged within a spatially limited flow path (2) and flowed through successively.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass in Strömungsrichtung des Abgases die Kohlen wasserstofffalle (3) und der Stickoxidadsorber (4) vor dem elektrisch be heizbaren Heizkatalysator (5) angeordnet sind. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the carbon hydrogen trap (3) and the nitrogen oxide adsorber (4) are arranged in front of the electrically heatable heating catalytic converter (5) in the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
3. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Kohlenwasserstofffalle (3) und der Stickoxidadsorber (4) jeweils als einzelnes Bauteil ausgeführt sind und in Strömungsrichtung nacheinander in der Strömungsstrecke (2) angeordnet sind. 3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the hydrocarbon trap (3) and the nitrogen oxide adsorber (4) are each designed as a single component and are arranged one after the other in the flow path (2) in the flow direction.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Kohlenwasserstofffalle (3) und der Stickoxi dadsorber (4) als kombiniertes Bauteil ausgeführt sind. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the hydrocarbon trap (3) and the nitrogen oxide adsorber (4) are designed as a combined component.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der Stickoxidadsorber (4) ein passi ver Stickoxidadsorber (4) ist, der Stickoxide aus dem Abgas bei einem nied rigen Temperaturniveau, vorzugsweise unterhalb von 200 Grad Celsius, zwischenspeichert und diese bei einem höheren Temperaturniveau wieder in den Abgasstrom abgibt. 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nitrogen oxide adsorber (4) is a passi ver nitrogen oxide adsorber (4) which temporarily stores nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas at a low temperature level, preferably below 200 degrees Celsius, and this at a higher one Releases the temperature level into the exhaust gas flow.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Kohlenwasserstofffalle (3), der Stickoxidadsorber (4) und der elektrisch beheizbare Heizkatalysator (5) je- weils durch einen entlang einer Hauptströmungsrichtung durchström baren Wabenkörper gebildet sind. 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrocarbon trap (3), the nitrogen oxide adsorber (4) and the electrically heatable heating catalyst (5) each Weil are formed by a honeycomb body through which flow can flow along a main flow direction.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Desorptionstemperatur der Koh lenwasserstofffalle (3) und/oder des Stickoxidadsorbers (4) und die Light-Off Temperatur des in Strömungsrichtung nachgelagerten Hauptkatalysators (6) identisch ist oder die Light-Off Temperatur etwas unterhalb der Desorpti onstemperatur liegt. 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the desorption temperature of the Koh lenwasserstofffalle (3) and / or the nitrogen oxide adsorber (4) and the light-off temperature of the downstream main catalyst (6) is identical or the light-off temperature is slightly below the desorption temperature.
EP20788765.4A 2019-10-11 2020-10-07 Exhaust gas aftertreatment device Withdrawn EP4041999A1 (en)

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KR20220071271A (en) 2022-05-31
WO2021069494A1 (en) 2021-04-15

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