EP4041437A1 - Photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis system for producing drinking water - Google Patents

Photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis system for producing drinking water

Info

Publication number
EP4041437A1
EP4041437A1 EP20800010.9A EP20800010A EP4041437A1 EP 4041437 A1 EP4041437 A1 EP 4041437A1 EP 20800010 A EP20800010 A EP 20800010A EP 4041437 A1 EP4041437 A1 EP 4041437A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reverse osmosis
osmosis system
operated
photovoltaically
pressure pump
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20800010.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ali Al-Hakim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boreal Light GmbH
Original Assignee
Boreal Light GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boreal Light GmbH filed Critical Boreal Light GmbH
Publication of EP4041437A1 publication Critical patent/EP4041437A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/12—Controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/20—Power consumption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/36—Energy sources
    • B01D2313/365—Electrical sources
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/36—Energy sources
    • B01D2313/367—Renewable energy sources, e.g. wind or solar sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system for the production of drinking water.
  • One possible remedy is, among other things. in desalinating sea or brackish water and making it available as treated drinking water as food and / or for irrigation of agricultural land.
  • One possible technique for desalination and treatment of such water is the use of reverse osmosis.
  • reverse osmosis the water to be treated is pressed through a semipermeable membrane under high pressure (reverse osmosis pressure), which is higher than the osmotic pressure of the water to be treated.
  • reverse osmosis pressure high pressure
  • the direct current voltage of the solar power therefore requires the use of components that can be operated with direct current, such as pumps with direct current motors, which are more costly and also more prone to failure.
  • DC motors are not available, it is alternatively possible to store the solar energy in at least three battery strings and to convert the uniform battery current stored in the battery strings into a three-phase AC voltage via three inverters. This allows the cheaper asynchronous motors can be used, but the purchase price and the maintenance intensity of battery-based storage systems counteract this advantage.
  • the object on which the invention is based was to remedy the named disadvantages of known reverse osmosis systems.
  • the invention relates to a photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system for producing drinking water.
  • the reverse osmosis system has a photovoltaic system for generating direct current solar power, a reverse osmosis unit and an alternating current-operated pressure pump with an asynchronous motor for generating the pressure required for reverse osmosis.
  • the reverse osmosis system is characterized in that a modified frequency converter is set up between the pressure pump and the photovoltaic system, which combines the properties of an inverter and a converter and converts the solar power in such a way that the pressure pump, in particular its asynchronous motor, can be operated dynamically can be operated depending on the available solar voltage energy.
  • “Dynamically operable” means that the asynchronous motor is operated depending on the intensity of the solar radiation and thus depending on the temporarily available solar energy or solar voltage energy. The power generated by the asynchronous motor decreases or increases with the current energy generation of the photovoltaic system.
  • the pressure pump is in particular a high pressure pump with which a reverse osmosis pressure of 3 bar to 90 bar, in particular 15 bar to 60 bar, can be generated.
  • the frequency of the asynchronous motor of the system-internal pressure pump is dependent on the solar energy provided by the photovoltaic system, its available Amount is directly dependent on the intensity of the solar radiation, adapted by the modified frequency converter so that the reverse osmosis system according to the invention works without batteries and the use of DC motors.
  • the modified frequency converter has the technical property of simultaneously
  • the modified frequency converter differs from commercially available frequency converters in particular in the technical features listed below.
  • the following modifications can be present individually or in combination:
  • the solar voltage generated by the photovoltaic system is clamped to the intermediate circuit of the modified frequency converter in such a way that the diode voltage of the modified frequency converter, which is generated from alternating current, is bridged, and / or
  • the voltage conversion that can be generated by the modified frequency converter is specified for a defined frequency range FlZmin ⁇ Hzx ⁇ FlZmax
  • the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system is designed in such a way that the pumps are switched off when Flz min is not reached and are only switched on again when sufficient voltage is available again.
  • a commercially available frequency converter can also be used to provide a modified frequency converter, which is modified according to the technical features described here.
  • the reverse osmosis system comprises, in particular, a water tank for storing the drinking water generated by the reverse osmosis system.
  • all hydraulic connections of the reverse osmosis system are designed to be screwable, so that only screwdrivers and / or open-ended wrenches are required for setting up and dismantling the reverse osmosis system.
  • the necessity of only simple tools offers advantages in that the reverse osmosis system can be repaired easily and inexpensively in the event of a defect, or it could also be relocated within a short time if this is necessary. In particular, welding can then be dispensed with.
  • the metallic components of the reverse osmosis system are preferably made of a suitable stainless steel.
  • the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system has at least two pumps, namely a high-pressure pump and a water-supplying pump.
  • the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system is designed in such a way that the intensity of the sun is distributed to the existing pumps in such a way that the high-pressure pump is the master and the water-supplying pump is the slave.
  • the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system is configured in such a way that the speed of the pumps is regulated by the maximum permissible membrane pressure and the conductivity of the inlet and outlet water. If the maximum permissible diaphragm pressure is exceeded, the pressure drops the speed of the pressure-generating pump, for example around 2.0 Hz to 5 Hz, in particular around 3.5 Hz.
  • the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system is designed in such a way that the frequency of the pumps describes a straight line, the slope of which is formed by the quotient of Hz max and Hz m in.
  • the speed of the pumps corresponds graphically to a straight line.
  • the slope m of the straight line is dependent
  • the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system is operated “hybrid”, that is to say with alternating current and direct current.
  • a load break switch is available for this purpose, which is fed in with both types of voltage, whereby the diode bridge is not bridged in alternating current mode.
  • various parameters of the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system can be read out by means of a smartphone, which parameters are recorded by the system's control software.
  • Such parameters can be: the water pressure in the membrane, the conductivity of the water in the inlet and outlet of the reverse osmosis unit, the speed of pumps, the amount of water generated, the amount of water inlet, the current intermediate circuit voltage and the temperature of the frequency converter.
  • the parameters mentioned can represent the current parameters and / or parameters stored during the operation of the system.
  • the invention relates to a method for providing drinking water, in particular the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system described here being used.
  • the invention relates to a kit for producing the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system described here.
  • the kit includes in particular a modified frequency converter of the type described here.

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic powered reverse osmosis system for producing drinking water, said system being designed to be autonomously operatable. The reverse osmosis system has a photovoltaic system for generating a substantially direct solar current, a reverse osmosis unit, and a pressure pump which can be operated with an alternating current for generating the pressure required for the reverse osmosis. According to the invention, a frequency converter which combines the properties of an inverter and a converter in one is arranged between the pressure pump and the photovoltaic system, said frequency converter converting the solar current such that the pressure pump which can be operated with an alternating current can be dynamically operated on the basis of the available solar voltage energy.

Description

Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage zur Erzeugung von Trinkwasser Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system for the production of drinking water
Die Erfindung betrifft eine photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage zur Erzeugung von Trinkwasser. The invention relates to a photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system for the production of drinking water.
Beschreibung description
Trotz des Wasserreichtums unserer Erde besteht vielerorts Trinkwasserknappheit, die zu Krankheiten und Hungernöten in der Bevölkerung führen kann. Despite the abundance of water on earth, there is a shortage of drinking water in many places, which can lead to disease and starvation in the population.
Eine mögliche Abhilfe besteht u. a. darin, Meer- oder Brackwasser zu entsalzen und als aufbereitetes Trinkwasser als Lebensmittel und/oder zur Bewässerung von Agrarflächen bereitzustellen. Eine mögliche Technik zur Entsalzung und Aufbereitung von derartigen Wässern besteht im Einsatz der Umkehrosmose. One possible remedy is, among other things. in desalinating sea or brackish water and making it available as treated drinking water as food and / or for irrigation of agricultural land. One possible technique for desalination and treatment of such water is the use of reverse osmosis.
In der Umkehrosmose wird das aufzubereitende Wasser unter hohem Druck (Umkehrosmosedruck), der höher als der osmotische Druck des aufzubereitenden Wassers ist, durch eine semipermeable Membran gepresst. Neben der Entsalzung ist es ebenso möglich, Bakterien und Viren, mineralische Verbindungen wie Kalk oder auch gesundheitsgefährdende oder toxische Substanzen herauszufiltern. In reverse osmosis, the water to be treated is pressed through a semipermeable membrane under high pressure (reverse osmosis pressure), which is higher than the osmotic pressure of the water to be treated. In addition to desalination, it is also possible to filter out bacteria and viruses, mineral compounds such as lime or substances that are hazardous to health or toxic.
Unter dem Aspekt der Nachhaltigkeit wurden Umkehrosmoseanlage für den genannten Einsatz in Gebieten mit Trinkwasserknappheit entwickelt, die mit Solarstrom betrieben werden können. Bei dem Vorhaben, eine Umkehrosmoseanlage photovoltaisch mit Strom zu versorgen, tritt jedoch das Problem auf, dass Solarstrom als Gleichstrom auftritt und somit handelsübliche asynchrone Motoren mit Solarstrom nicht direkt angetrieben werden können. Under the aspect of sustainability, reverse osmosis systems were developed for the aforementioned use in areas with drinking water scarcity, which can be operated with solar power. In the case of the project to supply a reverse osmosis system photovoltaically with electricity, however, the problem arises that solar power occurs as direct current and thus commercially available asynchronous motors cannot be driven directly with solar power.
Die Gleichstromspannung des Solarstroms macht somit die Verwendung von mit Gleichstrom betreibbaren Bauteilen, wie beispielsweise Pumpen mit Gleichstrommotoren erforderlich, die kostenintensiver und zudem auch störungsanfälliger sind. The direct current voltage of the solar power therefore requires the use of components that can be operated with direct current, such as pumps with direct current motors, which are more costly and also more prone to failure.
Wenn Gleichstrommotoren nicht zur Verfügung stehen, ist es alternativ möglich, die Solarenergie in mindestens drei Batteriestrings zu speichern und den in den Batteriestrings gespeicherten gleichförmigen Batteriestrom über drei Inverter in eine dreiphasige Wechselspannung zu konvertieren. Dadurch können zwar die kostengünstigeren Asynchronmotoren eingesetzt werden, allerdings stellen der Anschaffungspreis und die Wartungsintensität von batteriebasierten Speichersystemen diesem Vorteil entgegen. If DC motors are not available, it is alternatively possible to store the solar energy in at least three battery strings and to convert the uniform battery current stored in the battery strings into a three-phase AC voltage via three inverters. This allows the cheaper asynchronous motors can be used, but the purchase price and the maintenance intensity of battery-based storage systems counteract this advantage.
Die der Erfindung zu Grunde liegende Aufgabe bestand darin, den benannten Nachteilen von bekannten Umkehrosmoseanlagen abzuhelfen. The object on which the invention is based was to remedy the named disadvantages of known reverse osmosis systems.
Diese Nachteile werden mit der Erfindung behoben, die als Inselanlage unabhängig vom örtlichen Stromnetz und dem Einsatz von Batterien ist, also autark betreibbar ist.These disadvantages are eliminated with the invention, which as a stand-alone system is independent of the local power grid and the use of batteries, so it can be operated independently.
In einem Aspekt betrifft die Erfindung eine photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage zur Erzeugung von Trinkwasser. In one aspect, the invention relates to a photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system for producing drinking water.
Die Umkehrosmoseanlage weist eine Photovoltaikanlage zur Erzeugung von gleichstromförmigem Solarstrom, eine Umkehrosmose-Einheit und eine mit Wechselstrom betreibbare Druckpumpe mit einem asynchronen Motor zur Erzeugung des für die Umkehrosmose erforderlichen Drucks auf. The reverse osmosis system has a photovoltaic system for generating direct current solar power, a reverse osmosis unit and an alternating current-operated pressure pump with an asynchronous motor for generating the pressure required for reverse osmosis.
Die Umkehrosmoseanlage zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass zwischen der Druckpumpe und der Photovoltaikanlage ein modifizierter Frequenzumrichter eingerichtet ist, welcher die Eigenschaften eines Inverters und eines Umrichters in sich vereint und den Solarstrom derart konvertiert, dass die mit Wechselstrom betreibbare Druckpumpe, insbesondere deren asynchroner Motor, dynamisch in Abhängigkeit von der verfügbaren Solarspannungsenergie betreibbar ist. The reverse osmosis system is characterized in that a modified frequency converter is set up between the pressure pump and the photovoltaic system, which combines the properties of an inverter and a converter and converts the solar power in such a way that the pressure pump, in particular its asynchronous motor, can be operated dynamically can be operated depending on the available solar voltage energy.
„Dynamisch betreibbar“ bedeutet, dass der asynchrone Motor in Abhängigkeit von der Intensität der Sonneneinstrahlung und damit in Abhängigkeit von der temporär verfügbaren Solarenergie bzw. Solarspannungsenergie betrieben wird. Die vom asynchronen Motor erzeugte Leistung sinkt oder steigt mit der momentanen Energieerzeugung der Photovoltaikanlage. “Dynamically operable” means that the asynchronous motor is operated depending on the intensity of the solar radiation and thus depending on the temporarily available solar energy or solar voltage energy. The power generated by the asynchronous motor decreases or increases with the current energy generation of the photovoltaic system.
Für die Entsalzung und Reinigung von Meer- oder Brackwasser, denen hohe osmotische Drücken zu eigen sind, ist die Druckpumpe insbesondere eine Hochdruckpumpe, mit welcher ein Umkehrosmosedruck von 3 bar bis 90 bar, insbesondere von 15 bar bis 60 bar erzeugt werden kann. For the desalination and purification of sea or brackish water, which have high osmotic pressures, the pressure pump is in particular a high pressure pump with which a reverse osmosis pressure of 3 bar to 90 bar, in particular 15 bar to 60 bar, can be generated.
In einer Ausführung der erfindungsgemäßen Umkehrosmoseanlage wird die Frequenz des asynchronen Motors der anlageninternen Druckpumpe in Abhängigkeit von der durch die Photovoltaikanlage bereitgestellten Solarenergie, deren verfügbare Menge direkt von der Intensität der Sonneneinstrahlung abhängig ist, durch den modifizierten Frequenzumrichter so angepasst, dass die erfindungsgemäße Umkehrosmoseanlage ohne Batterien und den Einsatz von Gleichstrommotoren auskommt. In one embodiment of the reverse osmosis system according to the invention, the frequency of the asynchronous motor of the system-internal pressure pump is dependent on the solar energy provided by the photovoltaic system, its available Amount is directly dependent on the intensity of the solar radiation, adapted by the modified frequency converter so that the reverse osmosis system according to the invention works without batteries and the use of DC motors.
In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung verfügt der modifizierte Frequenzumrichter über die technische Eigenschaft, gleichzeitig In a further embodiment, the modified frequency converter has the technical property of simultaneously
• den einphasigen Gleichstrom der Photovoltaikanlage in dreiphasigen Wechselstrom zu konvertieren sowie • to convert the single-phase direct current from the photovoltaic system into three-phase alternating current and
• die erzeugte dreiphasige Wechselspannung in eine in der Frequenz und Amplitude unterschiedliche Wechselspannung umzuwandeln. • to convert the generated three-phase alternating voltage into an alternating voltage of different frequency and amplitude.
Der modifizierte Frequenzumrichter unterscheidet sich insbesondere in seinen nachstehend benannten technischen Merkmalen von handelsüblichen Frequenzumrichtern. Die folgenden Modifikationen können einzeln oder in Kombination vorhanden sein: The modified frequency converter differs from commercially available frequency converters in particular in the technical features listed below. The following modifications can be present individually or in combination:
• Die mittels der Photovoltaik-Anlage erzeugte Solarspannung ist an dem Zwischenkreis des modifizierten Frequenzumrichters derart eingespannt, dass die aus Wechselstrom Gleichstrom erzeugende Diodenspannung des modifizierten Frequenzumrichter überbrückt ist, und/oder • The solar voltage generated by the photovoltaic system is clamped to the intermediate circuit of the modified frequency converter in such a way that the diode voltage of the modified frequency converter, which is generated from alternating current, is bridged, and / or
• die durch den modifizierten Frequenzumrichter erzeugbare Spannungsumwandlung ist für einen definierten Frequenzbereich FlZmin ^ Hzx < FlZmax festgelegt • The voltage conversion that can be generated by the modified frequency converter is specified for a defined frequency range FlZmin ^ Hzx <FlZmax
(mit Hzmin = minimale Frequenz; Flzx = variable Ist-Frequenz; (with Hz min = minimum frequency; Flz x = variable actual frequency;
Flzmax =maximale Frequenz). Flzmax = maximum frequency).
In einer Ausführungsform ist die photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage derart ausgestaltet, dass bei Unterschreitung von Flzmindie Pumpen ausgeschaltet werden und erst wieder eingeschaltet werden, wenn wieder ausreichend Spannung vorhanden ist. Für die Bereitstellung eines modifizierten Frequenzumrichters kann auch auf einen handelsüblichen Frequenzumrichter zurückgegriffen werden, der entsprechend der hier beschriebenen technischen Merkmale modifiziert wird. In one embodiment, the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system is designed in such a way that the pumps are switched off when Flz min is not reached and are only switched on again when sufficient voltage is available again. A commercially available frequency converter can also be used to provide a modified frequency converter, which is modified according to the technical features described here.
Um der Bevölkerung aufbereitetes Trinkwasser auch in Zeiten mit nur geringer Sonnenintensität bereitstellen zu können, umfasst die erfindungsgemäße Umkehrosmoseanlage insbesondere einen Wassertank zur Speicherung des durch die Umkehrosmoseanlage erzeugten Trinkwassers. In order to be able to provide the population with prepared drinking water even at times with only low solar intensity, the reverse osmosis system according to the invention comprises, in particular, a water tank for storing the drinking water generated by the reverse osmosis system.
In vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Umkehrosmoseanlage sind alle hydraulischen Verbindungen der Umkehrosmoseanlage verschraubbar ausgestaltet, so dass für den Auf- und Abbau der Umkehrosmoseanlage beispielsweise nur Schraubendreher und/oder Maulschlüssel benötigt werden. Die Erforderlichkeit von lediglich einfachen Werkzeugen bietet Vorteile dahingehend, dass die Umkehrosmoseanlage in Falle eines Defektes einfach und kostengünstig repariert werden kann oder aber auch in kurzer Zeit örtlich versetzt werden könnte, insofern dies erforderlich ist. Insbesondere auf Schweißen kann dann verzichtet werden. In advantageous refinements of the reverse osmosis system according to the invention, all hydraulic connections of the reverse osmosis system are designed to be screwable, so that only screwdrivers and / or open-ended wrenches are required for setting up and dismantling the reverse osmosis system. The necessity of only simple tools offers advantages in that the reverse osmosis system can be repaired easily and inexpensively in the event of a defect, or it could also be relocated within a short time if this is necessary. In particular, welding can then be dispensed with.
Für eine hohe Wetter- und Witterungsbeständigkeit sind die metallischen Bauteile der Umkehrosmoseanlage vorzugsweise aus einem entsprechenden Edelstahl gefertigt. For high weather and weather resistance, the metallic components of the reverse osmosis system are preferably made of a suitable stainless steel.
In einer Ausführungsform weist die photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage mindestens zwei Pumpen auf, nämlich eine hochdruckerzeugende Pumpe und eine wasserzuführende Pumpe. In einer Ausführungsform ist die photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage so ausgestaltet, dass die Intensität der Sonne auf die vorhandenen Pumpen derart verteilt wird, dass die hochdruckerzeugende Pumpe der Master und die wasserzuführende Pumpe der Sklave ist. In one embodiment, the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system has at least two pumps, namely a high-pressure pump and a water-supplying pump. In one embodiment, the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system is designed in such a way that the intensity of the sun is distributed to the existing pumps in such a way that the high-pressure pump is the master and the water-supplying pump is the slave.
In einer Ausführungsform ist die photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage derart konfiguriert, dass die Drehzahl der Pumpen durch den maximal zulässigen Membrandruck und die Wasserleitfähigkeit des Eingangs- und des Ausgangswassers geregelt wird. Bei Überschreitung der maximal zulässigen Membranendrücke sinkt die Drehzahl der druckerzeugenden Pumpe, beispielsweise um 2,0 Hz bis 5 Hz, insbesondere um 3,5 Hz. In one embodiment, the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system is configured in such a way that the speed of the pumps is regulated by the maximum permissible membrane pressure and the conductivity of the inlet and outlet water. If the maximum permissible diaphragm pressure is exceeded, the pressure drops the speed of the pressure-generating pump, for example around 2.0 Hz to 5 Hz, in particular around 3.5 Hz.
In einer Ausführungsform ist die photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage derart ausgestaltet, dass die Frequenz der Pumpen eine Gerade beschreibt, deren Steigung durch den Quotienten aus Hzmax und Hzmin gebildet wird. Die Drehzahl der Pumpen entspricht grafisch einer Geraden. Die Steigung m der Geraden ist abhängigIn one embodiment, the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system is designed in such a way that the frequency of the pumps describes a straight line, the slope of which is formed by the quotient of Hz max and Hz m in. The speed of the pumps corresponds graphically to a straight line. The slope m of the straight line is dependent
VOn der fmin und fmax, Wobei delta m = fmax/fmin- FROM the fmin and fmax, where delta m = fmax / fmin-
In einer Ausführungsform wird die photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage „hybrid“ betrieben, also mit Wechselstrom und Gleichstrom. Dazu ist ein Lastentrennschalter vorhanden, der mit beiden Spannungsarten eingespeist wird wobei im wechselstromartigen Modus die Diodenbrücke nicht überbrückt wird. In one embodiment, the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system is operated “hybrid”, that is to say with alternating current and direct current. A load break switch is available for this purpose, which is fed in with both types of voltage, whereby the diode bridge is not bridged in alternating current mode.
In verschiedene Ausführungsformen sind diverse Parameter der photovoltaisch betriebenen Umkehrosmoseanlage mittels eines Smartphones auslesbar, die von einer Steuerungssoftware der Anlage erfasst werden. Derartige Parameter können sein: der Wasserdruck in der Membran, die Leitfähigkeit des Wassers im Eingang und Ausgang der Umkehrosmose-Einheit, die Drehzahl von Pumpen, die erzeugte Wassermenge, die Wassereingangsmenge, die aktuelle Zwischenkreisspannung sowie die Temperatur des Frequenzumrichters. Die genannten Parameter können die aktuellen Parameter darstellen, und/oder während des Betriebs der Anlage gespeicherte Parameter. In various embodiments, various parameters of the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system can be read out by means of a smartphone, which parameters are recorded by the system's control software. Such parameters can be: the water pressure in the membrane, the conductivity of the water in the inlet and outlet of the reverse osmosis unit, the speed of pumps, the amount of water generated, the amount of water inlet, the current intermediate circuit voltage and the temperature of the frequency converter. The parameters mentioned can represent the current parameters and / or parameters stored during the operation of the system.
In einem weiteren Aspekt betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von Trinkwasser, wobei insbesondere die hier beschriebene photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage verwendet wird. In a further aspect, the invention relates to a method for providing drinking water, in particular the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system described here being used.
In einem weiteren Aspekt betrifft die Erfindung einen Kit zur Herstellung der hier beschriebenen photovoltaisch betriebenen Umkehrosmoseanlage. Der Kit umfasst dabei insbesondere einen modifizierten Frequenzumrichter der hier beschriebenen Art. In a further aspect, the invention relates to a kit for producing the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system described here. The kit includes in particular a modified frequency converter of the type described here.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage zur Erzeugung von Trinkwasser, die autark betreibbar ist, aufweisend 1. Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system for the production of drinking water, which can be operated independently, having
- ein Photovoltaikanlage zur Erzeugung von gleichstromförmigem Solarstrom,- a photovoltaic system for the generation of direct current solar power,
- eine Umkehrosmose-Einheit und - a reverse osmosis unit and
- eine mit Wechselstrom betreibbare Druckpumpe mit einem asynchronen Motor zur Erzeugung des für die Umkehrosmose erforderlichen Drucks, wobei zwischen der Druckpumpe und der Photovoltaikanlage ein Frequenzumrichter eingerichtet ist, welcher die Eigenschaften eines Inverters und eines Umrichters in sich vereint und den Solarstrom in derart konvertiert, dass der asynchrone Motor der mit Wechselstrom betreibbaren Druckpumpe dynamisch in Abhängigkeit von der verfügbaren Solarspannungsenergie betreibbar ist. - An alternating current operated pressure pump with an asynchronous motor for generating the pressure required for reverse osmosis, a frequency converter being set up between the pressure pump and the photovoltaic system, which combines the properties of an inverter and a converter and converts the solar power into such that the asynchronous motor of the pressure pump that can be operated with alternating current can be operated dynamically as a function of the available solar voltage energy.
2. Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Frequenzumrichter gleichzeitig den einphasigen Gleichstrom der Photovoltaikanlage in dreiphasigen Wechselstrom konvertiert und die erzeugte dreiphasige Wechselspannung in eine in der Frequenz und Amplitude unterschiedliche Wechselspannung umwandelt. 2. Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system according to claim 1, characterized in that the frequency converter simultaneously converts the single-phase direct current of the photovoltaic system into three-phase alternating current and converts the three-phase alternating voltage generated into an alternating voltage that is different in frequency and amplitude.
3. Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die durch den Frequenzumrichter erzeugbare Spannungsumwandlung für eine definierten Frequenzbereich FIZmin ^ Hzx < FIZmax festlegbar ist. 3. Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system according to claim 2, characterized in that the voltage conversion that can be generated by the frequency converter can be set for a defined frequency range FIZmin ^ Hzx <FIZmax.
4. Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mittels der Photovoltaik-Anlage erzeugte Solarspannung an dem Zwischenkreis des Frequenzumrichters derart eingespannt ist, dass die aus Wechselstrom Gleichstrom erzeugende Diodenspannung überbrückt ist. 4. Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the solar voltage generated by the photovoltaic system is clamped to the intermediate circuit of the frequency converter in such a way that the diode voltage generated from alternating current direct current is bridged.
5. Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Frequenz des asynchronen Motors der Druckpumpe in Abhängigkeit von der durch die Photovoltaikanlage bereitgestellten Solarenergie, deren verfügbare Menge von der Intensität der Sonneneinstrahlung abhängig ist, durch den Frequenzumrichter anpassbar ist. 5. Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the frequency of the asynchronous motor of the pressure pump can be adjusted by the frequency converter as a function of the solar energy provided by the photovoltaic system, the available amount of which is dependent on the intensity of the solar radiation .
6. Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mit der mit Wechselstrom betreibbaren Druckpumpe ein Umkehrosmosedruck von 3 bis 90 bar, insbesondere von 15 bis 60 bar erzeugbar ist. 6. Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a reverse osmosis pressure of 3 to 90 bar, in particular 15 to 60 bar, can be generated with the pressure pump which can be operated with alternating current.
7. Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass alle hydraulischen Verbindungen der Umkehrosmoseanlage verschraubbar sind. 7. Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that all hydraulic connections of the reverse osmosis system can be screwed.
8. Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Wassertank zur Speicherung des durch die Umkehrosmoseanlage erzeugten Trinkwassers eingerichtet ist. 8. Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a water tank is set up for storing the drinking water generated by the reverse osmosis system.
9. Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass alle metallischen Bauteile der Umkehrosmoseanlage aus Edelstahl gefertigt sind. 9. Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that all metallic components of the reverse osmosis system are made of stainless steel.
10. Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage eine Inselanlage ist. 10. Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system is an island system.
11. Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der von der Photovoltaikanlage erzeugte Strom derart auf mindestens zwei Pumpen verteilt wird, dass die hochdruckerzeugende Pumpe der Master und die wasserzuführende Pumpe der Sklave ist. 11. Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system is distributed to at least two pumps in such a way that the high-pressure pump is the master and the water-supplying pump is the slave.
12. Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Unterschreitung von Hzmindie Pumpen ausgeschaltet werden und erst wieder eingeschaltet werden, wenn Hzmin wieder erreicht wird. 12. Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that if the value falls below Hz min, the pumps are switched off and are only switched on again when Hz min is reached again.
13. Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Frequenz der Pumpen entlang einer Geraden verläuft, deren Steigung durch den Quotienten aus Hzmax und Hzmin gebildet wird. 13. Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the frequency of the pumps runs along a straight line, the slope of which is formed by the quotient of Hz max and Hz min .
14. Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Drehzahl der Pumpen geregelt wird mittels eines maximal zulässigen Membrandrucks der in der Umkehrosmose-Einheit vorhandenen Membran und der Wasserleitfähigkeit des Eingangswassers und des Ausgangswassers der Umkehrosmose-Einheit. 14. Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the speed of the pumps is regulated by means of a maximum permissible membrane pressure of the membrane present in the reverse osmosis unit and the water conductivity of the input water and the output water of the reverse osmosis unit.
15. Photovoltaisch betriebene Umkehrosmoseanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Lastentrennschalter vorhanden ist, der mit Wechsel- und Gleichstrom gespeist werden kann. 15. Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that there is a load break switch which can be fed with alternating and direct current.
EP20800010.9A 2019-10-11 2020-10-09 Photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis system for producing drinking water Pending EP4041437A1 (en)

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DE102019127421.4A DE102019127421A1 (en) 2019-10-11 2019-10-11 Photovoltaically operated reverse osmosis system for the production of drinking water
PCT/EP2020/078361 WO2021069634A1 (en) 2019-10-11 2020-10-09 Photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis system for producing drinking water

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