Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
  • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
  • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
  • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
  • G05D23/1917—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using digital means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
  • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
  • B60H1/2218—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters controlling the operation of electric heaters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
  • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
  • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
  • H05B1/0227—Applications
  • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
  • H05B1/0236—Industrial applications for vehicles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
  • B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
  • B60H2001/00114—Heating or cooling details
  • B60H2001/00128—Electric heaters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
  • B60H2001/2246—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant obtaining information from a variable, e.g. by means of a sensor

Definitions

• the invention relates to a thermal management method for an electric heating device for heating a fluid. It is in particular an electric heating device intended to equip a motor vehicle.
• the electric heating device can be configured to heat, for example, a flow of air intended to pass through the heating device.
• the invention can be applied to both a high voltage electric heater and a low voltage electric heater.
• the invention also relates to a thermal management strategy in operation of the electric heater.
• the invention also relates to a control unit for the implementation at least in part of the thermal management method and / or the thermal management strategy.
• the invention applies in particular to a heating and / or ventilation and / or air conditioning installation for a motor vehicle comprising such a heating device.
• a motor vehicle is commonly equipped with such a heating and / or ventilation and / or air conditioning installation which is intended to regulate the aerothermal parameters of an air flow intended to be distributed in the passenger compartment, in particular the temperature of the air flow.
• the installation generally comprises one or more heat treatment devices, including in particular an electric heating device, otherwise called an electric heater, for heating a fluid such as an air flow.
• the electric heating device comprises electric heating modules.
• the electric heater modules can be arranged so that they are directly exposed to a flow of air passing through the electric heater.
• the heating modules comprise resistive elements, for example with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC), such as ceramics also called PTC stones.
• PTC positive temperature coefficient
• the resistive elements can be supplied by an on-board electrical voltage source, namely batteries.
• An electrical connector connected to the voltage source on board the vehicle may be provided to supply the electrical power required to supply the electrical heating device, in particular the resistive elements.
• the resistive elements are controlled by an electronic control unit which generally comprises an electrical supply circuit.
• the electrical supply circuit is mounted for example on a printed circuit board.
• a high voltage electric heater it may be a main vehicle heater, which can therefore be very powerful.
• the device can reach at least one point a temperature limit for the correct operation of the system.
• the resistive elements with PTC effect serve as protection against strong overheating that could generate, for example, a fire, thus making it possible to guarantee the safety of the passengers.
• certain components close to the electric heating device such as for example plastic parts of the heating and / or ventilation and / or air conditioning installation, can be more sensitive in particular under certain conditions, for example in the case of '' a high temperature while the shutters of the heating and / or ventilation and / or air conditioning installation are closed, intentionally or due to an undetected mechanical failure.
• the aim of the invention is to provide a thermal management solution making it possible to at least partially avoid the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.
• the invention relates to a thermal management method for an electric heating device comprising at least one subset of resistive elements configured to be supplied electrically and a support for a power supply circuit.
• electrical resistance of the resistive elements in which the electrical supply of the resistive elements is controlled as a function of a setpoint of power or temperature or intensity of electrical current or resistance, or else of the duty cycle of the control signal.
• said method comprises the following steps: recording the temperature of the support of the electrical supply circuit of the resistive elements, comparing the temperature measured at at least one predefined temperature threshold, and if the temperature measured is greater than or equal to said at least one predefined temperature threshold, generating a command to decrease said setpoint by a predetermined step.
• Said method may further include one or more of the following characteristics, taken separately or in combination.
• a predetermined number of temperature thresholds is defined, the temperature thresholds being of rank n varying from one to a predefined maximum number m.
• Said method may include the following steps: the temperature of said support recorded is compared with the temperature thresholds of rank n, and if the temperature detected is greater than or equal to the temperature threshold of given rank n and below the temperature threshold of higher rank n + 1, for n varying from one to m-1, the higher the rank n of the temperature threshold, the more the reduction of said setpoint is accentuated.
• said method comprises the following steps: recording and again comparing the temperature of said support at the temperature threshold of row n and at a temperature threshold of higher row n + 1, if and as long as the temperature measured is greater than or equal to the temperature threshold of row n and lower than the temperature threshold of higher row n + 1 , maintain said lowered setpoint according to the previous decrease command, if the temperature measured is lower than the temperature threshold of row n, return to the previous decrease command of said setpoint, if the measured temperature is greater than or equal to the temperature threshold of higher rank n + 1, generate a command for a larger decrease in said setpoint so as to accentuate the decrease.
• said setpoint is reduced by a constant predetermined step.
• the step may be between 5% and 30%, for example 20%, of said setpoint or of the maximum authorized setpoint value.
• said setpoint is reduced according to different predetermined steps as a function of the temperature thresholds.
• a maximum temperature threshold greater than said at least one temperature threshold can be defined, said method comprises a step for comparing the temperature recorded with the maximum temperature threshold, and if the maximum temperature threshold is reached, said method comprises a step for generating a command to stop the electrical supply of said at least one subset of resistive elements.
• said method may include at least one step of verifying a condition allowing resumption of the power supply.
• a first verification step can include the following sub-steps: after stopping the power supply, reading the temperature of said support to the maximum temperature threshold, and checking whether the temperature measured from said support is below the maximum temperature threshold .
• Said method may include an additional verification step comprising the following sub-steps: recording and comparing the temperature of the support of the electrical supply circuit of the resistive elements with a predefined recovery temperature threshold, and if the temperature measured is lower than the predefined recovery temperature threshold, generating a command to resume the electrical supply of said at least one subset of resistive elements.
• the predefined recovery threshold is for example less than or equal to said at least one threshold and / or less than the maximum threshold.
• the recovery threshold is for example equal to said at least one threshold or as an alternative to said at least one threshold from which a certain temperature is subtracted, for example 10 ° C., or alternatively to the maximum threshold from which a certain temperature is subtracted, for example 10 °.
• the feed can start again with a limited setpoint or at the maximum authorized setpoint.
• the invention also relates to a thermal management strategy of an electric heating device comprising at least one subset of resistive elements configured to be supplied electrically and a support for an electric supply circuit of the resistive elements. , in which the power supply to the resistive elements is controlled using a control signal by pulse width modulation as a function of a power or temperature setpoint or of the intensity of the electric current or resistance , or else the duty cycle of the piloting signal.
• the thermal management strategy comprises one or more of the following control phases.
• a first phase is to check whether at least one operating parameter of the electric heating device fulfills a condition for limiting the setpoint requested by a user of said device to a maximum admissible setpoint determined as a function of said at least one operating parameter.
• a second phase is to monitor the temperature of the support of the electrical supply circuit of the resistive elements and regulate the requested setpoint or the maximum admissible setpoint according to the temperature of said support, as defined above.
• a third phase may be to gradually limit according to a predefined step, if and as long as the duty cycle of the control signal exceeds a corresponding detection threshold value, or at least one parameter for monitoring an overheating reaches a corresponding detection threshold value, said set point being increased otherwise.
• a third phase may be to gradually limit according to a predefined step, if and as long as at least one parameter for monitoring an overheating exceeds a threshold value corresponding detection, said setpoint being increased otherwise.
• a fourth phase is to monitor the electrical resistance of said at least one subset of resistive elements, and generate a command to stop the power supply of the resistive elements for a predetermined time, if the electrical resistance reaches or exceeds a predefined threshold value.
• a fifth phase is to monitor the temperature of the support of the power supply circuit of the resistive elements and generate a command to stop the power supply of the resistive elements for a predetermined time if the temperature of said support reaches a threshold of maximum temperature.
• the predetermined downtime according to the fourth or the fifth phase is, for example, of the order of 130s.
• the maximum temperature threshold is greater than the temperature thresholds of the second phase.
• the conditions of application of the control phases are advantageously verified successively from the first to the fifth phase in this order.
• the setpoint can be at 100% or alternatively it can be limited, for example, to 55%.
• the invention also relates to a control unit for an electric heating device comprising at least one subset of resistive elements configured to be supplied electrically and a support for an electric supply circuit of the resistive elements, the control unit being configured to generate a control signal as a function of a power setpoint, or of temperature or of intensity of electric current or of resistance, or even of the duty cycle of the control signal.
• the control unit comprises at least one processing means for: recording the temperature of the support of the electrical supply circuit of the resistive elements, comparing the temperature recorded with at least one predefined temperature threshold, and if the temperature recorded is greater than or equal to said at least one predefined temperature threshold, generating a command to decrease said setpoint by a predetermined step.
• the control unit may include at least one temperature sensor such as a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) type probe, to read the temperature of the support of the electrical supply circuit of the resistive elements.
• NTC negative temperature coefficient
• the temperature sensor can be mounted on said support.
• the temperature sensor can be mounted "close” to said support, for example at a distance of 5mm to 50mm.
• the control unit may include a comparator to compare the temperature recorded with a first predefined temperature threshold.
• the control unit may include a computer or microprocessor configured to regulate said setpoint and / or to generate a command to stop the supply of the resistive elements and / or to generate a command for resuming the power supply. at a stop.
• the control unit generates a control signal by pulse width modulation of the power supply to the resistive elements.
• the resistive elements can be of the type with a positive temperature coefficient. According to an alternative embodiment, the resistive elements are of the type with a negative temperature coefficient.
• the control unit can include one or more processing means for the implementation at least in part of at least one phase of control of the thermal management strategy as defined above.
• FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of different steps of a thermal management process according to the invention.
• FIG. 2a is a graph of the evolution of an electrical power setpoint as a function of temperature thresholds reached by an electrical supply circuit support, according to a first example.
• FIG. 2b is a graph of the evolution of an electrical power setpoint as a function of temperature thresholds reached by an electrical supply circuit support, according to a second example.
• FIG. 2c is a graph of the evolution of an electrical power setpoint as a function of temperature thresholds reached by an electrical supply circuit support, according to a third example.
• FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of different control phases according to a thermal management strategy.
• FIG. 4a shows a flowchart of different steps of a thermal management process, according to a first example of a control phase of the thermal management strategy in FIG. 3.
• FIG. 4b shows a flowchart of different steps of a thermal management process, according to a second example of a control phase of the thermal management strategy in Figure 3.
• FIG. 4c shows a flowchart of different steps of a thermal management method, according to a third example of a phase of control of the thermal management strategy of FIG. 3.
• identical elements bear the same references.
• the invention is in the field of an installation for heating and / or ventilation and / or air conditioning of an air flow (not shown in the figures), intended to equip a motor vehicle to regulate the aero thermal parameters. of the air flow distributed in one or more areas of the vehicle interior.
• the invention relates more particularly to an electric heating device, otherwise called an electric radiator, for a motor vehicle, in particular equipping such an installation. It is a device for electrically heating a fluid. Without limitation, it may be a device for heating an air flow. Hereinafter, the description is made with reference to an air flow, but the invention can be applied to another fluid.
• it may be an electric heating device or a high-voltage radiator.
• “High voltage” defines for example a voltage greater than 90V or 120V.
• it can be a low voltage radiator.
• the electric heating device is configured to transform the electrical energy taken, for example, from the vehicle into thermal energy returned in a flow of air passing through the heating and / or ventilation and / or air conditioning installation.
• the electric heating device can include a predefined number of heating modules. These heating modules can be arranged so that they are directly exposed to the flow of air passing through the electric heater.
• the heating modules can each include resistive elements.
• the electric heating device therefore comprises a plurality of resistive elements configured to be supplied electrically by an electric voltage source.
• the resistive elements can be of the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) type.
• the resistive elements are for example made in the form of CTP ceramics, for example known under the name of CTP stones. As a variant, they may be resistive elements of the negative temperature coefficient (CTN) type.
• the electric heating device generally further comprises an electronic control unit for controlling the heating modules.
• a control unit comprises one or more electronic and / or electrical components.
• the control unit comprises in particular an electrical supply circuit (not shown) of the resistive elements.
• the power supply circuit is mounted for example on an electrical circuit support such as a printed circuit board known by the acronym PCB for "Printed Circuit Board".
• the power supply circuit includes transistors (not shown), each allowing or not allowing current to flow through a predefined number of heating modules.
• the resistive elements are intended to be powered by an electrical power source (not shown), such as batteries, for example from the vehicle.
• the power supply to the resistive elements is controlled by pulse width modulation known by the acronym MLI or PWM for Ince Width Modulation in English.
• the control unit is configured to generate a control signal by pulse width modulation of the power supply to the resistive elements, in particular of at least a subset of the resistive elements. Separate subsets of resistive elements can be driven independently by pulse width modulation.
• the power supply to the resistive elements, in particular to at least a subset of resistive elements forming a subsystem, can be done according to a setpoint.
• the setpoint is an electrical power setpoint P_ (sub) system_target_0 (FIG. 1).
• the heater is controlled in a closed loop.
• the power supply to the resistive elements can be done according to a temperature setpoint T_ (sub) system_target_0.
• T_ (sub) system_target_0 we can consider an alternative with a setpoint of electric current intensity i_ (sub) system_target_0 at constant voltage, or possibly resistance R_ (sub) system_target_0.
• the process can be controlled in an open loop.
• the power supply to the resistive elements in particular to at least a subset of resistive elements forming a subsystem, can be done as a function of a pulse width modulation setpoint, hereinafter referred to as PWM setpoint.
• PWM setpoint a pulse width modulation setpoint
• the prefix "sub” is written in brackets to signify that the instruction relates to a subset of resistive elements, or respectively all of the resistive elements.
• Figure 1 schematically shows the steps of a thermal management process so as to detect overheating of the electric heater and act to prevent the electric heater from reaching a critical temperature.
• the resistive elements are controlled according to an initial setpoint which corresponds to the minimum between the setpoint received from the control unit controlling the resistive elements and a maximum authorized setpoint.
• the initial power setpoint P_ (sub) system_target_0 or maximum authorized is for example equal to 80% of a maximum power.
• thermal management is done by monitoring the temperature T_PCB of the support of the power supply circuit.
• the thermal management method comprises a preliminary step El to raise the temperature T_PCB of the support of the electrical supply circuit for the resistive elements.
• the temperature T_PCB of the support is measured, for example by a temperature sensor, such as a thermal probe with a negative temperature coefficient.
• the temperature T_PCB of the support recorded can be compared during a step E2 with at least one predefined temperature threshold Tn, for example at least a first threshold T1.
• a predetermined number of temperature thresholds Tn is defined.
• the rank n of the temperature thresholds Tn varies from one to a predefined maximum number m.
• the maximum threshold Tm can be between 115 ° C and 130 ° C, for example around 120 ° C.
• the method may include a step E3 to check whether the temperature T_PCB of the support recorded has reached a maximum temperature threshold Tm not to be exceed.
• the process can then be repeated by again recording the temperature T_PCB of the support at the following iteration and by comparing this temperature T_PCB with the first temperature threshold Tl, and in particular with the various temperature thresholds Tn. If the temperature measured T_PCB is lower than the first temperature threshold T1, the process returns to the previous command of the setpoint.
• the setpoint reduction can be done according to a predetermined step.
• the setpoint is reduced step by step. This step can be constant between the different temperature thresholds. Alternatively, between different temperature thresholds Tn, the step for the reduction of the setpoint may vary.
• a command to stop the electrical supply to the resistive elements can be generated (step E5).
• a graph of the change in temperature T_PCB of the support as a function of a set point and with different temperature thresholds Tl to T5 is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 2a.
• This graph is represented with a power setpoint as a percentage of a maximum authorized power setpoint P_ (sub) system_target_0, however this example can be applied for other setpoints.
• the temperature T_PCB of the support is recorded in step El, and is subsequently compared in step E2 to the temperature thresholds T1 to T5.
• the first temperature threshold T1 is for example around 95 ° C.
• This first temperature threshold Tl is lower than the maximum temperature threshold Tm, which corresponds to T5 in the example of FIG. 2a, for example around 120 ° C.
• the first temperature threshold Tl is chosen far enough from the maximum temperature threshold Tm to allow the system to anticipate in the event of overheating and to cool before reaching the maximum temperature threshold Tm.
• the power setpoint in this example then changes from PO to PI (PI ⁇ PO) according to the step predetermined in step E4.
• the step can for example be a percentage, for example between 5% and 30%, in particular 20%, of the setpoint or of the maximum authorized setpoint value P_ (sub) system_target_0.
• step E4 for controlling the reduction of the setpoint the change in the temperature T_PCB of the support remains monitored and the process is repeated.
• the temperature T_PCB of the support is again read in step El and compared with the first temperature threshold T1, as well as with the other temperature thresholds T2 to T5, in step E2. If the measured temperature T_PCB of the support is less than the first predefined temperature threshold T1, the method returns to the previous command of said setpoint.
• the previous command to decrease the setpoint, in this example to PI is maintained.
• the setpoint already reduced in the previous iteration is not again limited, reduced.
• the second threshold T2 being greater than the first temperature threshold Tl and less than the maximum threshold Tm, that is to say that the temperature T_PCB of the support reading is greater than or equal to the second temperature threshold T2
• a command for a greater reduction of the setpoint than in the case of exceeding only the first threshold T1 can be generated in step E4 so as to accentuate the decrease in the power setpoint in this example which goes to P2 (P2 ⁇ PI).
• step E4 for controlling the reduction of the setpoint
• the change in temperature T_PCB of the support remains monitored and the process is repeated as explained above.
• the temperature T_PCB of the support is again read in step El and compared to the temperature thresholds Tn.
• a command for a greater decrease in the setpoint, than in the case of exceeding the previous thresholds T1, T2 is generated at l step E4 so as to further accentuate the reduction in the setpoint, in this example of power which goes to P3 (P3 ⁇ P2).
• the temperature T_PCB of the support reaches a fourth predefined temperature threshold T4 in step E2, greater than the third temperature threshold T3 and less in this example than the maximum temperature threshold T5, the reduction in the setpoint is again more accentuated, and the power setpoint in this example goes to P4 (P4 ⁇ P3).
• the setpoint in this power example, can be reduced between PO, PI, P2, P3, P4 according to different predetermined steps.
• the pitch can therefore vary between the different thresholds of Tn, in this example from Tl to T5.
• the variable pitch can for example be calculated by means of an algorithm stored in a control of the electric heating device. For example, depending on the test results, one can choose to have a large step at the start (for example between PO and PI) and then increasingly thin with the next steps.
• the pitch between P4 and P3 is smaller than between P3 and P2, itself smaller than between P2 and PI, less than the pitch between PI and PO.
• the reverse is also possible with an increasingly large step with the increase in the temperature threshold reached or exceeded.
• FIG. 2b shows yet another example of a variable pitch, larger at the start and increasingly thin, with different temperature thresholds, for example the maximum temperature threshold Tm can be set at the fourth temperature threshold T4.
• the method can comprise at least one step E6 of verifying a condition allowing the resumption of power. power supply.
• a first verification step can comprise the following substeps, reading the temperature T_PCB of the support at the maximum temperature threshold Tm after stopping the power supply, and checking whether the temperature T_PCB of said support read is below the threshold maximum temperature Tm.
• an additional check may include sub-steps to record and compare the temperature T_PCB of the support after shutdown, with a predefined recovery temperature threshold T0.
• the resumption of the electrical supply to the resistive elements is authorized when the measured temperature T_PCB of the support is lower than the predefined recovery temperature threshold T0, and a command to resume the electrical supply to the resistive elements is generated in step E7. .
• the predefined recovery threshold T0 can take any value between a value less than or equal to the first threshold T1 for example and the maximum temperature threshold Tm.
• the electrical supply to the resistive elements can start again with a limited setpoint or at the maximum authorized setpoint value.
• the thermal management method previously described with reference to Figures 1 to 2c allows a simple way to detect any overheating and protect the support of the electrical supply circuit and consequently the heating device, by having a margin between the first temperature threshold T1 and the maximum temperature threshold Tm to act and allow the heating device to cool before reaching a critical temperature.
• the operation of the electric heating device is described according to a thermal management strategy comprising one or more of the control phases described below.
• the control phases are advantageously implemented according to the specified schedule.
• a user can activate a control for the electric heating device comprising, as described above, one or more subsets of resistive elements, for example for heating at least one heating zone. the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle.
• This command is translated at the level of the control unit by a setpoint request, for example power P_ (sub) system_target_0.
• the setpoint for example of power
• P_ (sub) system_target_0 requested by a user of the heating device, according to his heating control, may or may not be limited by applying a first filter Fl.
• This first filter Fl consists in determining as a function of at least one operating parameter of the electric heating device, a maximum admissible setpoint P_max_allowed. If the requested setpoint P_ (sub) system_target_0 is greater than the maximum admissible setpoint P_max_allowed, the setpoint is limited to the latter.
• the operating parameter can be chosen from an inlet temperature of an air flow, for example a temperature datum from a measurement sensor, an air flow, a fan speed or air blower, information on the positioning of at least one flap in an air flow duct upstream or downstream of the heating device depending on the flow of the air flow, or if a mode heating of the air flow by an element upstream of at least a subset of elements according to the flow of the air flow is activated or not.
• an inlet temperature of an air flow for example a temperature datum from a measurement sensor, an air flow, a fan speed or air blower, information on the positioning of at least one flap in an air flow duct upstream or downstream of the heating device depending on the flow of the air flow, or if a mode heating of the air flow by an element upstream of at least a subset of elements according to the flow of the air flow is activated or not.
• the setpoint at the end of the first phase P_ (sub) system_target_l is equal to the maximum admissible setpoint P_max_allowed determined (arrow Y).
• a second control phase is implemented.
• the setpoint at the end of the first phase P_ (sub) system_target_l can be regulated as a function of the temperature of the support of the electrical supply circuit of the resistive elements and of any temperature thresholds reached or exceeded, in accordance with to the thermal management method previously described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 2c.
• the second filter F2 can optionally be applied to the requested initial setpoint P_ (sub) system_target_0 if the filter 1 has not been applied to the latter at the end of the first control phase, or alternatively the filter 2 can be applied to the maximum admissible setpoint P_max_allowed determined during the first phase.
• the setpoint at the end of the second phase P_ (sub) system_target_2 is equal to the setpoint at the end of the first phase P_ (sub) system_target_l lowered by a certain factor or not predetermined as described above depending on the temperature thresholds reached or exceeded by the temperature of the electrical supply circuit support.
• the setpoint, for example power, at the end of the second phase P_ (sub) system_target_2 remains the setpoint, for example power, at the end of the first phase P_ (sub) system_target_l.
• a third control phase is implemented. According to this third phase, the setpoint at the end of the second phase P_ (sub) system_target_2 can be gradually limited according to a predefined step.
• the third filter F3 can be applied to the initial setpoint at the end of the second phase P_ (sub) system_target_2. It can be the initial setpoint requested P_ (sub) system_target_0 if no filter has been applied, the maximum admissible setpoint P_max_allowed if the first filter Fl has been applied, or the setpoint at the end of the first phase P_ (sub) system_target_l lowered by a certain factor or not predetermined depending on the temperature of the support of the power supply circuit if the second filter F2 has been applied.
• the setpoint can be regulated gradually in one direction, by being limited, lowered, then in the other direction, by being increased, as a function of the evolution of a parameter given by relative to a variable threshold adapted to each setpoint regulation.
• the setpoint is preferably an electrical power setpoint P_ (sub) system_target_2, the heating device is controlled in a closed loop.
• the power supply to the resistive elements can be done according to a temperature setpoint. We can consider an alternative with a setpoint of electric current intensity at constant voltage, or possibly resistance.
• an overheating of the heating device can be detected by recording in step E30 the duty cycle of the control signal PWM_ (sub) system of at least one subset of elements. resistive forming a subsystem and monitoring its evolution so as to detect when the duty cycle of the PWM_ (sub) system control signal exceeds a corresponding PWM_ (sub) system_lim_i detection threshold value (step E31), representative of overheating.
• overheating is detected. For example, for resistive elements with a positive temperature coefficient, overheating is detected when the duty cycle of the PWM_ (sub) system control signal is greater than, more precisely strictly greater than, the detection threshold value PWM_ (sub) system_lim_i.
• the setpoint is regulated gradually in one direction, according to a first regulation phase A, while being reduced. This limitation is repeated until the duty cycle of the drive signal is no longer representative of overheating.
• the setpoint can be regulated during a second regulation phase B, in a direction of change opposite to the direction of the first phase A, this time being increased. This regulation is advantageously also progressive, until it returns to the initial setpoint.
• One and / or the other of the regulation phases A, B is advantageously iterated or reiterated according to a predefined period, which may be less than 10s, for example of the order of 4s. This allows time for the heater to react without being too slow. Alternatively, the period can be variable. The period may depend, for example, on a degree of overheating.
• the detection threshold value is for the subsystem or the entire system. At each setpoint regulation, being limited or increased, a new threshold value is determined according to the new setpoint value.
• the PWM_ (sub) system_lim_i detection threshold value can be defined as a function of the supply voltage torque and the setpoint, then providing a matrix of possible detection threshold values.
• the threshold value for detecting the duty cycle of the control signal PWM_ (sub) system_lim_i is determined again as a function of the new setpoint value.
• step E32 If the limited value of the setpoint reaches a predefined setpoint limit value, the first phase A is not repeated and a command to stop the power supply to the resistive elements is generated in step E32.
• At least one parameter i_ (sub) system_max, R_ (sub) system, P_ (sub) system, T_ (sub) system for monitoring overheating is detected. Overheating is detected if this parameter reaches or exceeds a detection threshold value i_ (sub) system_max_lim_i, R_ (sub) system_lim_i, P_ (sub) system_lim_i, T_ (sub) system_lim_i corresponding, taking into account the supply setpoint.
• the setpoint is preferably an electrical power setpoint P_ (sub) system_target_2, the heating device is controlled in a closed loop.
• the power supply to the resistive elements can be done according to a temperature setpoint.
• the parameter is advantageously a function of the intensity of the electric current, for monitoring an overheating of the electric heating device. It can be the electric resistance of the predefined number of resistive elements R_ (sub) system, the electric power of the predefined number of resistive elements P_ (sub) system, the intensity of the electric current flowing through the predefined number of resistive elements i_ (sub) system_max.
• the parameter can also be a multiple or a power of the intensity of the electric current traversing the predefined number of resistive elements. We can cite in a non-exhaustive way the square or the cube of the intensity of the electric current, the double of the intensity of the electric current or the ratio of the intensity of the electric current to the duty cycle of the control signal by modulation pulse width.
• the parameter may not be a function of the intensity of the electric current.
• Overheating of the heating device can be detected by recording the chosen parameter in step E33 and by monitoring its evolution so as to detect when it reaches or exceeds a detection threshold value i_ (sub) system_max_lim_i, R_ ( sub) system_lim_i, P_ (sub) system_lim_i, corresponding T_ (sub) system_lim_i (step E34), representative of overheating.
• the measured value of the parameter can exceed the detection threshold value, being higher or lower, depending on the nature of this parameter and the nature of the resistive elements.
• the setpoint is regulated gradually in one direction, according to a first regulation phase A, while being reduced. This limitation is repeated until the chosen parameter i_ (sub) system_max, R_ (sub) system, P_ (sub) System, T_ (sub) system, is no longer representative of overheating.
• the setpoint can be regulated during a second regulation phase B, in a direction of evolution opposite to the direction of the first phase A. This regulation is advantageously also progressive, until it returns to the initial setpoint.
• One and / or the other of the regulation phases A, B is advantageously iterated or reiterated according to a predefined period, which can be less than 10s, for example of the order of 4s, which can be constant or variable.
• a new threshold value is determined as a function of the new setpoint value.
• the detection threshold value i_ (sub) system_max_lim_i, R_ (sub) system_lim_i, P_ (sub) system_lim_i, T_ (sub) system_lim_i can be defined according to the torque of the supply voltage and the setpoint, offering then a matrix of possible detection threshold values.
• the detection threshold value of the parameter i_ (sub) system_max_lim_i, R_ (sub) system_lim_i, P_ (sub) system_lim_i, T_ (sub) system_lim_i is determined again according to the new value of the setpoint. If the limited value of the setpoint reaches a predefined setpoint limit value, the first phase A is not repeated and a command to stop the electrical supply to the resistive elements is generated in step E35.
• the supply setpoint is a duty cycle setpoint of the control signal, hereinafter referred to as PWM setpoint.
• PWM setpoint PWM_ (sub) system_target_i is regulated gradually, at each iteration i, according to a predefined step, if and as long as at least one P_ (sub) system parameter; R_ (sub) system; i_ (sub) system_max for monitoring overheating, depending on the intensity of the electric current, exceeds a detection threshold value P_ (sub) system_lim_i; i_ (sub) system_max_lim_i; R_ (sub) system_lim_i corresponding.
• An overheating of the heating device can be detected by recording the chosen parameter in step E36 and by monitoring its evolution so as to detect when it exceeds a detection threshold value i_ (sub) system_max_lim_i, R_ (sub) system_lim_i, P_ (sub) corresponding system_lim_i (step E37), representative of overheating.
• the measured value of the parameter can exceed the detection threshold value, being higher or lower, depending on the nature of this parameter and the nature of the resistive elements.
• the PWM setpoint is regulated gradually in one direction, according to a first regulation phase A, while being reduced. This limitation is repeated until the chosen parameter i_ (sub) system_max, R_ (sub) system, P_ (sub) System, is no longer representative of overheating.
• the PWM setpoint can be regulated during a second regulation phase B, in a direction of evolution opposite to the direction of the first phase A. This regulation is advantageously also progressive, until it returns to the initial setpoint.
• One and / or the other of the regulation phases A, B is advantageously iterated or reiterated according to a predefined period, which can be less than 10s, for example of the order of 4s, which can be constant or variable.
• a new threshold value is determined as a function of the new PWM_ (sub) system_target_i reference value.
• the detection threshold value i_ (sub) system_max_lim_i, R_ (sub) system_lim_i, P_ (sub) system_lim_i can be defined according to the couple of the supply voltage and the PWM setpoint, thus offering a matrix of values possible detection threshold.
• the threshold value of detection of the parameter i_ (sub) system_max_lim_i, R_ (sub) system_lim_i, P_ (sub) system_lim_i is determined again according to the new PWM_ (sub) system_target_i value of the PWM setpoint.
• the first phase A is not repeated and a command to stop the power supply to the resistive elements is generated at the step E38.
• the third control phase for all the resistive elements, or independently for each subset of resistive elements controlled by a transistor or several transistors.
• the strategy also varies depending on the nature of the resistive elements, for example depending on whether they are resistive elements of the positive temperature coefficient PTC or negative CTN type.
• the setpoint at the end of the third phase P_ (sub) system_target_3 is equal to the setpoint at the end of the second phase P_ (sub) system_target_2 regulated according to one of the options of the third phase described previously.
• the setpoint, for example power, at the end of the third phase P_ (sub) system_target_3 remains the setpoint, for example power, at the end of the second phase P_ (sub) system_target_2.
• a fourth control phase can be implemented.
• the electrical resistance of at least a subset of resistive elements can be determined and compared to a predefined threshold value.
• the electrical resistance is calculated from previous measurements of the supply voltage and the intensity of the electric current.
• a fourth filter F4 is applied according to which a command to stop the electrical supply to the resistive elements for a predetermined period is generated.
• the setpoint for example power, after application of the fourth filter F4 (arrow Y) is brought back to 0%.
• the setpoint, for example of power, at the end of the fourth phase P_ (sub) system_target_3 remains the setpoint, for example of power, at the end of the third phase P_ (sub) system_target_3.
• the temperature T_PCB of the support of the electrical supply circuit of the resistive elements is recorded and monitored.
• the maximum temperature threshold T_ max is greater than the temperature thresholds Tn, n varying from 1 to m-1, of the second phase with reference to FIGS. 1 to 2c.
• a fifth filter F5 can be applied.
• the fifth filter F5 consists in generating a command to stop the power supply to the resistive elements for a predetermined time.
• the setpoint, for example of power, after application of the fifth filter F5 (arrow Y) is brought back to 0%.
• the setpoint, for example of power, at the end of the fifth phase P_ (sub) system_target_5 remains the setpoint, for example of power, at the end of the third phase P_ (sub) system_target_3.
• the duration of predetermined stop is for example of the order of 130s.
• the method may include a step for generating a command to resume the power supply to the resistive elements.
• the power supply resumption command can be generated at the end of the predefined shutdown time.
• the strategy can start from the beginning by monitoring the temperature of the power supply circuit support. After this stop, the setpoint can be at 100% or as an alternative it can be limited, for example, to 55% of the maximum authorized setpoint.
• the implementation of the thermal management method as described above with reference to Figures 1 to 2c can be done by a control unit (not shown in the figures). It is an electronic control unit.
• the thermal management method can be implemented by the control unit already provided to control the heating modules of the electric heating device and / or to detect overheating.
• the control unit comprises at least one processing means for implementing the steps of the thermal management process.
• the control unit may include at least one processing means for reading the temperature T_PCB of the support of the electrical supply circuit for the resistive elements ü may be for example a temperature sensor, such as a thermal probe with negative temperature coefficient.
• the control unit may include a comparator to compare the temperature T_PCB of the support recorded with predefined temperature thresholds Tn or with a recovery threshold T0 following a shutdown of the electrical supply to the resistive elements.
• the control unit comprises one or more processing means for reading the setpoint for power, or temperature, or electric current intensity, or even resistance.
• the control unit may include a calculation means or a microprocessor to determine, based on the results of the comparisons, whether the setpoint must be regulated and to regulate the setpoint according to the temperature thresholds reached.
• the control unit may include another or the same calculation means or microprocessor for generating a command to stop the power supply to the resistive elements for a predefined stopping time, when a regulated value of setpoint reaches the setpoint limit value defined for the first regulation phase A.
• control unit can include one or more processing means such as measurement or calculation means or microprocessor to monitor the evolution of one or more parameters, to check in the. order of the control phases if a condition for applying one or the other of the filters F1 to F5 is fulfilled, and apply one or the other of the filters F1 to F5 so as to regulate the setpoint as described previously .
• processing means such as measurement or calculation means or microprocessor to monitor the evolution of one or more parameters, to check in the. order of the control phases if a condition for applying one or the other of the filters F1 to F5 is fulfilled, and apply one or the other of the filters F1 to F5 so as to regulate the setpoint as described previously .

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• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
• Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)

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• 2019
  • 2019-10-01 FR FR1910893A patent/FR3101447B1/fr active Active
• 2020
  • 2020-09-23 WO PCT/FR2020/051659 patent/WO2021064309A1/fr unknown
  • 2020-09-23 CN CN202080069692.9A patent/CN114502400A/zh active Pending
  • 2020-09-23 US US17/764,743 patent/US20220374031A1/en active Pending
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