EP4036484A1 - Installation de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation de chauffage - Google Patents

Installation de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4036484A1
EP4036484A1 EP21218460.0A EP21218460A EP4036484A1 EP 4036484 A1 EP4036484 A1 EP 4036484A1 EP 21218460 A EP21218460 A EP 21218460A EP 4036484 A1 EP4036484 A1 EP 4036484A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
primary circuit
secondary circuit
heating system
flow
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Granted
Application number
EP21218460.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP4036484B1 (fr
Inventor
Timo Christian Klenke
Tino Gehlert
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Viessmann Climate Solutions SE
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Viessmann Climate Solutions SE
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Publication of EP4036484A1 publication Critical patent/EP4036484A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/0092—Devices for preventing or removing corrosion, slime or scale
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/29—Electrical devices, e.g. computers, servers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/04—Sensors
    • F24D2220/042—Temperature sensors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heating system and a method for operating a heating system.
  • the functionality of the heat exchanger can decrease over time, for example due to calcification or dirt, so that heat transfer from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit is reduced.
  • Various methods are known in the prior art for detecting reduced functionality of the heat exchanger.
  • the EP 2 908 059 A1 a method for diagnosing a heating system with a heat exchanger, the state of the heat exchanger being determined by determining a heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger in order to be able to obtain information about the performance state of the heat exchanger.
  • a notification is issued when the number of times the heat transfer coefficient reaches a threshold value exceeds a limit value.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the problems known in the prior art and to provide a heating system that is improved over the prior art.
  • the object is achieved by a heating system according to claim 1 and a method for operating a heating system according to claim 6.
  • the object of the invention is to optimize a heating system or a method for operating a heating system in such a way that the disadvantages described above no longer occur as far as possible.
  • contamination or calcification of a heat exchanger should be avoided or reduced.
  • the operation of the heating system should be adjusted in such a way that a possible reduction in performance of the heating system is reduced.
  • a heating system comprises at least one heat generator, which is arranged in a primary circuit of the heating system and transfers heat to a fluid heat transfer medium circulating in the primary circuit.
  • the primary circuit with at least one heat generator is also referred to as the generator circuit of the heating system.
  • the heating system described here is in particular a heating system for a building. In a similar way, the invention can also be applied to a heating system for a vehicle.
  • the heat generator can be any heat generator, in particular a gas boiler, an oil boiler, a condensing boiler, a biomass boiler, a heat pump, a combined heat and power plant (CHP) or any other heat generator for heating a fluid heat transfer medium.
  • a gas boiler an oil boiler
  • a condensing boiler a biomass boiler
  • a heat pump a combined heat and power plant
  • two or more different heat generators can be provided in the primary circuit of the heating system.
  • the two or more heat generators use different energy carriers (e.g. gas, oil, biomass, sun, geothermal energy, etc.) to heat one Heat transfer medium, the heating system can also be referred to as a multivalent heating system.
  • the heating system can be configured to provide other forms of energy in addition to heat, such as cold and/or electrical energy.
  • the heating system can in particular be a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system (HLKA).
  • HLKA heating, ventilation and air conditioning system
  • a heat exchanger of the heating system couples a flow of the primary circuit with a flow of a secondary circuit of the heating system, in which a fluid heat transfer medium circulates, and a return of the secondary circuit with a return of the primary circuit, so that heat is transferred from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit.
  • the heat transfer medium of the primary circuit and the heat transfer medium of the secondary circuit flow through the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger is also referred to as a heat exchanger.
  • a separating heat exchanger or a plate heat exchanger can be used as the heat exchanger.
  • At least one heat accumulator can be arranged in the secondary circuit of the heating system and draw and store heat from the fluid heat transfer medium circulating in the secondary circuit.
  • the heat accumulator can generally be understood as a heat consumer.
  • other consumers such as radiators can be arranged in the secondary circuit.
  • the secondary circuit is therefore also referred to as the consumer circuit.
  • the fluid heat transfer medium is used to transport the heat.
  • a gas or a liquid is usually used as the heat transfer medium, in particular water.
  • the primary circuit and secondary circuit can each use water as the heat transfer medium.
  • the heat exchanger decouples the mass flow (or volume flow) of the Heat transfer medium in the primary circuit from the mass flow (or volume flow) of the heat transfer medium in the secondary circuit.
  • a first temperature sensor is arranged in the flow direction of the fluid heat transfer medium in front of the heat exchanger in the flow of the primary circuit and measures a first temperature of the fluid heat transfer medium in the primary circuit. This first temperature is also referred to as the flow temperature or boiler temperature in the primary circuit.
  • the first temperature sensor essentially measures the temperature at which the heat transfer medium is provided by the at least one heat generator.
  • a second temperature sensor is arranged in the secondary circuit, for example in the heat accumulator (if present) or in the flow of the secondary circuit, and measures a second temperature of the fluid heat transfer medium in the secondary circuit.
  • the second temperature can be an inlet temperature of the secondary circuit or a storage temperature, which are each suitable for determining the heat transfer from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit.
  • the flow temperature of the secondary circuit is also referred to as the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger.
  • the arrangement of the second temperature sensor is not limited to the flow or the heat accumulator.
  • the second temperature sensor can also be arranged in the return of the secondary circuit.
  • the heating system also includes a control device for controlling an operating state of the at least one heat generator as a function of control parameters. If there are several heat generators, the control device can regulate the respective operating states of the several heat generators. For example, the power (modulation) of the at least one heat generator can be controlled via the control device. In particular, the control device regulates the output of the at least one heat generator as a function of a deviation between a specified one Set flow temperature and the measured flow temperature in the primary circuit. Furthermore, the control device can be used to specify a switching time for the at least one heat generator, preferably as a function of a specified point in time at which the second temperature should reach a specified setpoint.
  • the predefined target value of the second temperature can be a target storage temperature or a target flow temperature in the secondary circuit.
  • the heating system includes a data processing device that is communicatively connected to the control device and has a storage device for storing data and a computing device for processing data.
  • the computing device, the storage device and the computing device each have suitable network interfaces for the transmission of data via a network.
  • the data processing device can be located locally, for example in the same building as the heating system, or geographically distant.
  • the data processing device or the computing device can be a server, a computing cluster or act like that.
  • the memory device can be a local memory of the data processing device. Additionally or instead, the storage device can be implemented as cloud storage or network storage, for example.
  • the cloud memory or network memory can be communicatively connected to the data processing device, in particular to the computing device, and the control device of the heating system or several control devices of a large number of heating systems via the Internet or other network.
  • the exchange of data between the control device and the data processing device can be done accordingly via the respective network.
  • the individual components have corresponding interfaces.
  • the advantage of a data processing device connected via the Internet is that data from a large number of heating systems that are geographically distant from one another (e.g. in different buildings) can be received, stored and processed. This can involve a large number of similar or different heating systems with identical, similar or different heat exchangers. In particular, it can be advantageous to evaluate data from a large number of identical or similar heating systems, which in particular have identical or similar heat exchangers, in order to carry out a specific statistical evaluation of received and stored temperature measurement values for a specific type of heat exchanger.
  • a further advantage of the data processing device connected via the network is that the data from the heating system can be evaluated centrally, regardless of how many heating systems are connected to the data processing device.
  • the control device is configured to regularly transmit a large number of measured values, in particular temperature measured values, to the data processing device.
  • mass flows or volume flows of the heat transfer medium in the primary circuit and/or in the secondary circuit can also be measured and transmitted.
  • the control device transmits, for example, several times per second, several times per minute, several times per hour or several times a day, in each case a large number of measured values about the operating state of the heating system to the data processing device. In this way, a large number of measured values can be generated and a time profile of the operating state of the heating system can be monitored and/or evaluated using the measured values.
  • the control device is configured to receive control parameters for controlling the at least one heat generator from the data processing device.
  • the control parameters received can then be stored locally by the control device and used to further control the at least one heat generator. Additionally or alternatively, the control device can also access locally stored control parameters, for example if communication with the data processing device is (temporarily) not possible.
  • the control parameters stored locally by the control device can be the last control parameters transmitted by the data processing device and/or control parameters for normal operation and/or emergency operation can be stored in the control device.
  • the data processing device is configured to store the measured values received from the control device in the storage device or in the cloud memory.
  • the received measured values can thus be made available at any time for further processing by the computing device.
  • the computing device of the data processing device is configured to calculate a degree of contamination of the heat exchanger as a function of the stored measured values.
  • the degree of contamination can be derived from the measured values in various ways. The higher the degree of contamination of the heat exchanger, the less heat the heat exchanger can transfer from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit.
  • a heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger decreases as the degree of contamination increases.
  • the heat transfer coefficient quantifies the ability of the heat exchanger to transfer heat from the primary circuit heat transfer medium to the secondary circuit heat transfer medium.
  • the degree of contamination of the heat exchanger thus has a direct influence on the function of the heat transfer of the heat exchanger between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit.
  • a specific first temperature therefore causes a lower second temperature with increasing contamination of the heat exchanger, or it takes longer for the second temperature to reach a specific value for a given first temperature.
  • a process of increasing fouling of a heat exchanger is usually slow and extends over many months until a significant degree of fouling is reached, which represents a significant value for the operation of a heating system.
  • the contamination of the heat exchanger can be caused, among other things, by dirt particles in the heat transfer medium and/or by calcification. If no countermeasures are taken, the level of pollution generally increases with time.
  • the degree of contamination can be determined as a function of a heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger averaged over a predetermined period of time.
  • temporal fluctuations in the heat transfer coefficient can be averaged out.
  • c is the heat capacity of the fluid heat transfer medium
  • m is the mass or volume flow through the heat exchanger
  • ⁇ T is a heat difference
  • ⁇ T is is a time-averaged heat difference
  • A is the free heat transfer area of the heat exchanger.
  • the computing device compares the calculated degree of contamination with a specified limit value.
  • the limit value can be set, for example, so that with a corresponding degree of contamination, the time for heating the heat transfer medium in the secondary circuit to a desired value or by a specified temperature difference takes longer than a specified period of time.
  • the limit value is defined in such a way that when the limit value is reached, a control intervention is necessary in order to avoid a loss of comfort for users of the heating system.
  • the control intervention is carried out by the computing device determining a corrected set of control parameters and transmitting the set of corrected control parameters to the control device if the calculated degree of contamination is equal to or greater than the specified limit value.
  • the operating state of the at least one heat generator can be adjusted as a function of the degree of contamination of the heat exchanger by means of the corrected control parameters.
  • the adapted operating state can be selected in such a way that a further increase in the degree of contamination is prevented or at least minimized, for example by reducing the flow temperature in the primary circuit.
  • a charging time of the heat accumulator can be extended. This means that an expected period of time required to charge the heat accumulator with a certain amount of heat is extended. This can be achieved, for example, by starting a heating process earlier.
  • the control device is preferably configured to regularly transmit at least one of the following measured values together with a respective point in time of the measurement to the data processing device: the first temperature in advance of the primary circuit; the second temperature in the heat accumulator or in the outlet of the secondary circuit; a volume flow of the heat transfer medium in the primary circuit; a volume flow of the heat transfer medium in the secondary circuit; a power of the heat generator; and/or switching times of the heat generator.
  • a preferred heating system has a flow sensor arranged in the primary circuit or in the secondary circuit.
  • the computing device of the data processing device can preferably be configured to calculate the degree of contamination of the heat exchanger as a function of a local degree of water hardness.
  • the local degree of water hardness can be measured by sensors, for example, or can also be specified by a user. Information about the degree of water hardness can be provided in particular by the local water supplier, for example via an interface directly to the data processing device. The higher the degree of water hardness in the heat transfer medium, the more likely it is that the heat exchanger will become calcified.
  • the data processing device is configured to calculate the degree of contamination of the heat exchanger as a function of a change over time in a characteristic variable of the heat exchanger, the characteristic variable being calculated from the stored measured values.
  • the characteristic variable describes, for example, a difference between a temperature in the primary circuit and a temperature in the secondary circuit.
  • the characteristic quantity quantifies the ability of the heat exchanger to transfer heat from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit.
  • the characteristic variable can depend on a time-varying difference between the first temperature and the second temperature.
  • the characteristic variable can in particular be a time-dependent variable and can be defined, for example, as a function of a time derivative of the heat transfer from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit.
  • the characteristic variable can be determined by comparing the energy expended in the primary circuit with a detected increase in energy in the secondary circuit over a specified period of time with the operating parameters of the heating system remaining the same. Possible parameter variations can be compensated by means of a long-term observation.
  • the characteristic variable can be defined as the quotient of the temperature difference between the first and second temperatures and the first temperature, for example during charging of the heat accumulator, with the second temperature preferably being measured in the heat accumulator.
  • the characteristic variable can be defined as the time-averaged temperature difference between the first temperature in the primary circuit and the second temperature in the secondary circuit.
  • the temperature difference between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit is first averaged over time over a heating process. Then the change in the characteristic variable over a longer period of time, for example over a few months or a year, is considered.
  • the time-averaged temperature difference can differ significantly from one another in two different charging cycles, depending on the charging cycle or heat extraction in the heating circuit.
  • the change in the characteristic variable over a long period of time can therefore preferably be decisive for detecting contamination of the heat exchanger.
  • a historical profile of this data can be collected over a long period of weeks, months or years by recording and storing operating parameters or the characteristic variable. This data is therefore also referred to as "historical" data, values, processes and the like.
  • a comparison of operating parameters or the characteristic variable with historical operating parameters or historical values of the characteristic variable can be carried out in order to identify a deviation or change.
  • it can be taken into account that the historical processes were carried out under comparable or as similar as possible boundary conditions and/or load states of the memory.
  • the characteristic variable can be defined as the duration of a memory loading process.
  • This memory loading time can be of different lengths, for example, in the case of two different loading cycles. This can depend on a water withdrawal, for example.
  • the characteristic variable can be defined as the time-averaged energy expenditure for increasing a storage temperature in the heat storage device by 1 Kelvin. Accordingly, the characteristic variable can depend on the output of the heat generator. If the heat generator is a heat pump, the characteristic variable can also be dependent on a COP value ("Coefficient of Performance" or efficiency of the heat pump) and a running time of the heat pump.
  • COP value Coefficient of Performance
  • the characteristic variable can be the time-averaged number of starts of the heat generator until a target temperature is reached.
  • the target temperature is in particular a target storage temperature in the heat accumulator.
  • the control parameters preferably include a set flow temperature in the primary circuit and/or specified switch-on times of the heat generator.
  • the switch-on times of the heat generator can be determined as a function of a characteristic variable of the heat exchanger. If, for example, it is determined that the heat exchanger has a high characteristic variable, the switching times can be adjusted in such a way that a user of the heating system is not adversely affected due to the increased characteristic variable.
  • a heating process can be started earlier (earlier switch-on time of the heat generator), so that a specified set flow temperature in the primary circuit (first temperature) and/or a specified storage tank temperature (second temperature) can be reached at a specified value even with a slower heat transfer due to the higher characteristic size of the heat exchanger time is reached.
  • a method for operating a heating system comprises one or more of the steps described below.
  • At least one heat generator When operating the heating system, at least one heat generator is operated, which is arranged in a primary circuit of the heating system and transfers heat to a fluid heat transfer medium circulating in the primary circuit
  • At least one heat accumulator When operating the heating system, at least one heat accumulator is operated, which is arranged in a secondary circuit of the heating system and draws and stores heat from a fluid heat transfer medium circulating in the secondary circuit.
  • a flow of the primary circuit is coupled with a flow of the secondary circuit and a return of the secondary circuit with a return of the primary circuit by means of a heat exchanger, so that heat is transferred from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit.
  • a first temperature of the fluid heat transfer medium in the primary circuit is measured by a first temperature sensor, which is arranged in the direction of flow of the fluid heat transfer medium in front of the heat exchanger in the flow of the primary circuit.
  • a second temperature of the fluid heat transfer medium in the secondary circuit is measured by a second temperature sensor, which is arranged in the heat accumulator or in the flow of the secondary circuit.
  • the at least one heat generator is controlled by a control device as a function of control parameters.
  • a large number of measured values are regularly transmitted from the control device to a data processing device.
  • control parameters for controlling the heat generator can be transmitted from the data processing device to the control device.
  • the measured values transmitted from the control device to the data processing device are stored in a memory device of the data processing device.
  • a computing device of the data processing device calculates a degree of contamination of the heat exchanger as a function of the stored measured values.
  • the computing device of the data processing device determines a corrected set of control parameters, which can be transmitted to the control device in a further step.
  • At least one of the following measured values can be transmitted regularly to the data processing device together with a respective time of the measurement: the first temperature in the flow of the primary circuit, the second temperature in the heat accumulator or in the flow of the secondary circuit, a volume flow in the secondary circuit, which is arranged with a in the secondary circuit flow sensor is measured, a power of the heat generator, switching times of the heat generator.
  • the computing device of the data processing device can calculate the degree of contamination of the heat exchanger, preferably as a function of a local degree of water hardness.
  • the computing device of the data processing device can calculate the degree of contamination of the heat exchanger, preferably as a function of a change over time in a characteristic variable of the heat exchanger, the characteristic variable being calculated from the stored measured values.
  • increasing calcification or contamination of a heat exchanger can be determined by analyzing time series.
  • various characteristic operating parameters of the heating system are each plotted as individual data points over time. For example, a charging time of the heat accumulator, an energy requirement for increasing the accumulator temperature by 1 Kelvin and/or a number of times the heat generator is switched on (burner starts) per accumulator loading can be upgraded. If at least one of the time series exceeds a specified deviation between two data points, it can be concluded that the heat transfer in the heat exchanger is reduced, which is usually due to contamination or calcification of the heat exchanger.
  • the stored measured values can in particular also be evaluated by algorithms on a computing cluster, the algorithms having been trained by means of machine learning using a large number of field data (for example measured values from a large number of heating systems).
  • the computing cluster can be a preferred embodiment of the computing device or can additionally communicate with the data processing device, the cloud storage device and/or the control device via the network.
  • the control parameters can preferably include a set flow temperature in the primary circuit and/or specified switch-on times of the heat generator.
  • Preferred versions of the heating system or the method for operating the heating system require neither a heat accumulator nor a volume flow sensor.
  • figure 1 illustrates a heating system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the heating system 1 illustrates a heating system 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the heating system 1 is arranged, for example, in a building and comprises a gas condensing boiler as a heat generator 2, which heats a fluid heat transfer medium (eg water).
  • a fluid heat transfer medium eg water
  • the heat transfer medium circulates in a primary circuit P of the heating system 1.
  • a heat exchanger 4 for example a plate heat exchanger
  • the heat is transferred from the primary circuit P (generator circuit) to a secondary circuit S (consumer circuit), in which a fluid heat transfer medium (water) also circulates.
  • the heat exchanger 4 couples a flow of the primary circuit P with a flow of the secondary circuit S and a return of the secondary circuit S with a return of the primary circuit P.
  • a heat accumulator 3 is arranged, which draws and stores heat from the heat transfer medium.
  • a flow sensor V2 arranged in the secondary circuit measures a volume flow of the heat transfer medium in the secondary circuit S.
  • Another flow sensor V1 (not shown) can be arranged in the primary circuit P in order to measure a volume flow of the heat transfer medium in the primary circuit P.
  • a first temperature sensor T1 is arranged in the direction of flow of the fluid heat transfer medium in front of the heat exchanger 4 in the flow of the primary circuit (P) and measures the flow temperature or boiler temperature of the fluid heat transfer medium as the first measured temperature value (first temperature) in the primary circuit P.
  • a second temperature sensor T2 is arranged in the heat accumulator 3 and measures a storage temperature of the fluid heat transfer medium as a second measured temperature value (second temperature) in the secondary circuit S.
  • the second temperature sensor T2 can also be arranged in the flow of the secondary circuit S and correspondingly a flow temperature in the secondary circuit S measure up. In 1 both described measuring positions of the second temperature sensor T2 in the secondary circuit S are shown.
  • the heating system 1 includes a control device 10 for controlling an operating state of the heat generator 2 as a function of control parameters Pa.
  • the control parameters Pa include, for example, a set flow temperature (set value of the first temperature) in the primary circuit P, fixed switch-on times of the heat generator, a set storage tank temperature (set value of the second temperature) in the secondary circuit and a maximum output (modulation) of the heat generator 2.
  • the control device 10 reads the measured temperature values from the temperature sensors T1 and T2 as well as the measured volume or Mass flow measured value from the flow sensor V2 in the secondary circuit S (and, if present, the measured value from the flow sensor V1, not shown, in the primary circuit P).
  • the control device 10 can have a storage medium in order to store the measured values locally before they are further processed or transmitted.
  • the control device 10 is connected to a network 40 via a suitable interface.
  • the control device 10 can communicate with a data processing device 20 and exchange data via the network 40 .
  • the data processing device 20 is also connected to a network 40 via a suitable interface.
  • the data processing device 20 comprises a (local) storage device 21 for storing data and a computing device 22 for processing data.
  • a cloud memory 30 is also connected to the network 40 via a suitable interface and can receive and store data both from the control device 10 and from the data processing device 20 .
  • the data processing device 20 and the control device 10 can access the cloud memory 30 via the network 40 and retrieve data.
  • the control device 10 regularly transmits the large number of measured values, in particular the temperature measured values of the temperature sensors T1 and T2 and the mass or volume flow measured by the volume flow sensor V1 and the mass or volume flow measured by the volume flow sensor V2 to the data processing device 20 or to the cloud memory 30
  • the data processing device 20 can store the measured values received from the control device 10 in particular in the memory device 21 .
  • the cloud memory 30 can receive and store the transmitted measurement values.
  • the measured values can be saved locally before transmission and pre-processed for transmission.
  • the measured values can be supplemented, for example, with a time stamp corresponding to the measurement.
  • the data format can be converted and/or the data to be transmitted can be encrypted.
  • the control device 10 can regularly transmit a set output of the heat generator 2 and/or switching times of the heat generator 2 to the data processing device 20 or to the cloud memory 30 .
  • the control device 10 can receive control parameters Pa for controlling the heat generator 2 from the data processing device 20 .
  • control device 10 receives corrected control parameters Pa from computing device 22.
  • the computing device 22 can calculate a degree of contamination of the heat exchanger 4 as a function of stored measured values. If the calculated degree of contamination is equal to or greater than a specified limit value, the computing device 22 determines a corrected set of control parameters and transmits them to the control device 10. This allows a control intervention to be carried out that adjusts the operating state of the heating system to the calculated degree of contamination of the heat exchanger 4 adjusts.
  • the heating system 1 can thus detect or predict the degree of contamination of the heat exchanger 4 and ensure user comfort through control engineering interventions.
  • an impairment of the heat output of the heating system 1 can be avoided by adjusting the switching times of the heat generator 2 .
  • This automatically adaptive adjustment of the operating state of the heating system can also take place on the basis of the average charging time of the heat accumulator 3 .
  • the calculation of the modified control parameters Pa by the computing device 22 can be carried out in particular as a function of a characteristic variable of the heat exchanger 4 or as a function of a change in the characteristic variable of the heat exchanger 4 over time.
  • the characteristic variable can be calculated, for example, as a quotient or as the difference between the first temperature and the second temperature.
  • the characteristic variable can be defined as the quotient of the temperature difference between the first and second temperatures and the first temperature, with the second temperature preferably being measured in the heat accumulator 3 (storage temperature) and the first temperature preferably being measured in the flow of the primary circuit (boiler temperature).
  • Contamination of the heat exchanger 4 can be detected in particular based on a change in the characteristic variable over time, with measurements being taken over a longer period of time, for example over several months or over a year, in order to avoid seasonal fluctuations. With increasing contamination of the heat exchanger 4 over a specified period of time, for example a year, an increase in the characteristic variable is then generally determined.
  • a long-term observation over several months or a year can be carried out in order to detect a change in the characteristic variable over time that is greater than a specified limit value.
  • the computing device 22 can use machine learning algorithms in particular.
  • information about the degree of water hardness in the region can also be taken into account to differentiate between dirt and calcification and for a plausibility check. Furthermore, the temporal Change in the characteristic size of a heat exchanger of a first heating system in region A with the change over time in the characteristic size of a (identical) heat exchanger of a second heating system in region B are compared.
  • the local degree of water hardness can in particular also be taken into account when calculating a remaining expected service life of a heat exchanger. Since the degree of water hardness can vary greatly from region to region, different lifespans of heat exchangers are expected for different regions.
  • a control intervention on the operation of the heating system 1 can be carried out via the modified control parameters Pa, for example in order to predict further calcification or contamination of the heat exchanger 4 impede.
  • the control parameters Pa can be adjusted by reducing the set flow temperature in the primary circuit.
  • the target flow temperature can be set to 60°C instead of 80°C.
  • a predetermined loading duration of the heat accumulator 3 can then be increased accordingly.
  • the characteristic variable can be specified as a percentage value, for example. If the characteristic variable increases by a certain specified limit value, for example by 5%, 10%, 15% or 20% in a specified period of time, which can be several weeks or months, this can be taken as a degree of contamination greater than a limit value im Sense of the invention are recognized, so that a control intervention can be carried out on the heating system.
  • Calcification or contamination of a heat exchanger can depend on many factors.
  • the present invention makes it possible to recognize an actual calcification or contamination and a calcification or contamination rate.
  • a maintenance message can also be issued to a user or operator of the heating system, so that the heating system can be serviced in good time.
  • the heating system according to the invention is not limited to the configuration described here. Further preferred embodiments of the heating system according to the invention or the method according to the invention for operating the heating system can in particular do without a heat accumulator and/or without a volume flow sensor. Furthermore, other types of heat generators than the one described here can be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
EP21218460.0A 2021-01-29 2021-12-31 Installation de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation de chauffage Active EP4036484B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102021200834.8A DE102021200834A1 (de) 2021-01-29 2021-01-29 Heizungsanlage und verfahren zum betreiben einer heizungsanlage

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0617239A2 (fr) * 1993-03-23 1994-09-28 Armin Niederer Procédé de surveillance l'état d'encrasssement et/ou calcification d'échangeurs de chaleurs dans des systèmes de chauffage ou de réfrigation
DE102005043952A1 (de) * 2005-09-15 2007-04-05 Danfoss A/S Wärmetauscher und Verfahren zum Regeln eines Wärmetauschers
DE102014202478A1 (de) * 2014-02-12 2015-08-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Diagnose einer Heizungsanlage mit mindestens einem Wärmetauscher
DE102016225528A1 (de) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines Verschmutzungszustands bei einem Wärmetauscher

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10306703A1 (de) 2003-02-18 2004-08-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Wärmebedarfs und Heizeinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0617239A2 (fr) * 1993-03-23 1994-09-28 Armin Niederer Procédé de surveillance l'état d'encrasssement et/ou calcification d'échangeurs de chaleurs dans des systèmes de chauffage ou de réfrigation
DE102005043952A1 (de) * 2005-09-15 2007-04-05 Danfoss A/S Wärmetauscher und Verfahren zum Regeln eines Wärmetauschers
DE102014202478A1 (de) * 2014-02-12 2015-08-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Diagnose einer Heizungsanlage mit mindestens einem Wärmetauscher
EP2908059A1 (fr) 2014-02-12 2015-08-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de diagnostic d'une installation de chauffage doté d'au moins un échangeur thermique
DE102016225528A1 (de) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines Verschmutzungszustands bei einem Wärmetauscher

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