Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
  • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
  • H01M50/578—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to pressure
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
  • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
  • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
  • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
  • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
  • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
  • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
  • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
  • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
  • H01M10/488—Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
  • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
  • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
  • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
  • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
  • H01M50/583—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to current, e.g. fuses
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
  • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
  • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
  • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
  • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
  • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
  • B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
  • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
  • H01M2200/103—Fuse
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
  • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to the safety of accumulator batteries.
• this protection system comprising a fuse capable of melting when a current passes through it. intensity greater than a predefined intensity threshold.
• the invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the production of accumulator batteries for electric or hybrid vehicles.
• Electric and hybrid vehicles are in fact equipped with accumulator batteries supplying current to electric motors making it possible to propel these vehicles.
• such an accumulator battery generally comprises several modules which each integrate a large number of distinct electrochemical cells.
• the switch closes, which creates a short circuit in the cell and causes the fuse to blow, thus putting the accumulator battery in safety.
• a first drawback of this solution is that this merger generates an immobilizing failure for the vehicle.
• a second drawback which the applicant has observed and which turns out to be more serious than the first, is that it happens that the melting of the fuse does not take place when the cell is short-circuited. , creating a risk of fire or explosion of the accumulator battery.
• the present invention proposes to improve the safety of the accumulator battery by adding a computer means for detecting the aging of the battery. More particularly, according to the invention there is proposed a protection system as defined in the introduction, in which there is provided estimation means suitable for estimating the internal resistance of the device (for example the internal resistance of the device. electrochemical cell), and securing means adapted to limit and / or prevent the use of this device as soon as said internal resistance is greater than a resistance threshold chosen such that the device still has the capacity to melt the fuse.
• estimation means suitable for estimating the internal resistance of the device for example the internal resistance of the device. electrochemical cell
• securing means adapted to limit and / or prevent the use of this device as soon as said internal resistance is greater than a resistance threshold chosen such that the device still has the capacity to melt the fuse.
• the invention rather proposes to monitor the state of aging of the cell. cell so that the user can be invited, preferably in a preventive manner, to have his accumulator battery serviced before the cell can no longer develop the electrical power necessary to melt the fuse.
• Other advantageous and non-limiting characteristics of the protection system according to the invention taken individually or in any technically possible combination, are as follows:
• - Said resistance threshold is equal to the internal resistance beyond which the device no longer has the capacity to blow the fuse, within a safety margin
• - Said device comprising two electrical connection terminals, there is provided a switch adapted to automatically close the electrical circuit between the two terminals in the event of overpressure in said device;
• the estimation means are suitable for estimating said internal resistance only if one or more or all of the following conditions are met:
• the estimation means are designed to attempt to estimate said internal resistance periodically
• the securing means are adapted to warn a user of an upcoming limitation and / or a next impediment to use of the device by the securing means if the internal resistance is greater than a second resistance threshold;
• the security means are adapted to limit the use of the device if the internal resistance is greater than a third threshold
• the third threshold is strictly greater than the second threshold
• the securing means are adapted to prevent the use of the device if the internal resistance is greater than said resistance threshold, which resistance threshold is strictly greater than the third threshold.
• the invention also relates to an accumulator battery comprising an electrochemical cell equipped with a protection system as mentioned above.
• the invention also provides a method of protecting a device with variable internal resistance, such as an electrochemical cell, equipped with a fuse. protection, comprising:
• FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a motor vehicle equipped with an accumulator battery according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an electrochemical cell of the storage battery of Figure 1;
• FIG. 3 is an electrical model of the electrochemical cell of FIG. 2;
• FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the variation of the voltage at the terminals of the electrochemical cell of FIG. 2 when the latter receives a current step
• FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating this current step
• FIG. 6 is a graph showing in the form of dots the result of tests carried out on the electrochemical cell of FIG. 2, the ordinate representing a measured voltage difference and the abscissa an intensity difference delivered by the cell;
• FIG. 7 is a graph showing the variation over time of the intensity delivered by the electrochemical cell of FIG. 2 during these tests;
• FIG. 8 is a graph representing, as a function of time, the rate of variation of the intensity delivered by the electrochemical cell of FIG. 2 during these tests;
• FIG. 9 is a graph showing the variation of the measured internal resistance of the electrochemical cell of FIG. 2 as a function of its charge level.
• FIG 1 there is shown very schematically a motor vehicle 10 which has two drive wheels 16.
• the motor vehicle 10 shown in Figure 1 therefore comprises at least one electric motor 15 for driving the two drive wheels 16 in rotation. It also includes an accumulator battery 11 which makes it possible to supply this electric motor 15 with current, via an inverter 14. [0035]
• This accumulator battery 11 comprises a storage box which houses a large number of electrochemical cells 20.
• the motor vehicle 1 also comprises a means 18 for measuring the temperature of this accumulator battery 11, for example in the form of a temperature probe located inside the battery storage box accumulators 11.
• It also comprises means 19 for acquiring the voltage Ubatt at the terminals of each electrochemical cell 20 and the intensity Ibatt supplied or received by each of these electrochemical cells 20.
• the motor vehicle 1 comprises a computer 12 which comprises a processor and a memory, and which is equipped with various input and output interfaces 13.
• the computer 10 is adapted to receive input signals coming from the measuring means 18 and acquisition 19. It is thus adapted to acquire the internal temperature T of the battery of accumulators 11, as well as the voltage Ubatt at the terminals of each electrochemical cell 20 and the current Ibat delivered or received by each of these cells.
• the computer 12 stores a computer application, consisting of computer programs comprising instructions whose execution by the processor allows the implementation by the computer 12 of the process described below.
• the computer 12 is adapted to communicate with a security system 17 of the accumulator battery 11.
• this security system 17 comprises in particular a display screen 17 'arranged on the dashboard of the vehicle, as well as a 17 "control element for the charge of the accumulator battery.
• the electrochemical cell 20 comprises a casing 29 which houses electrochemical components 21 (here two electrodes immersed in an electrolyte based on lithium ion), and two terminals 22 (negative), 23 ( positive) respectively connected to these two electrodes.
• the electrochemical cell 20 is equipped with a partly integrated and partly remote protection system.
• the remote part of this protection system comprises the aforementioned security system 17.
• the integrated part of this protection system comprises a fuse 25 and a switch 26 housed in the casing 29.
• the switch 26 is connected between the two terminals 22, 23 of the cell. It is delivered in the open state and it is adapted to close automatically in the event of an overpressure in the casing 29. It comprises for this purpose a pressure-sensitive membrane.
• the fuse 25 for its part connects the positive terminal 23 of the electrochemical cell 20 to the corresponding electrode. It is designed to melt (and open the circuit) when it is crossed by a current of intensity Ibatt greater than a determined intensity threshold.
• this fuse 25 and this switch 26 thus makes it possible to protect the accumulator battery 11 against the risk of explosion and fire.
• an electrochemical cell 20 ages as the charge and discharge cycles to which it is subjected.
• the accumulator battery protection system 11 includes estimation means (here formed by the computer 12) suitable for estimating the internal resistance Ri of each electrochemical cell 20, and
• the security system 17 is adapted to limit and / or prevent the use of the accumulator battery 11 when this internal resistance Ri is greater than a first resistance threshold SRI, this threshold being chosen such that each cell electrochemical 20 has the capacity to melt its fuse 25 as long as its internal resistance Ri is lower than this first resistance threshold SRI.
• the electric circuit 21 comprises an ideal voltage source 30, a resistor 31 and a parallel RC circuit, connected in series with each other.
• the ideal voltage source 30 has a voltage value which depends on the BSOC charge level of the electrochemical cell 20. It will be recalled here that the BSOC charge level represents, in percentage, the quantity of electrical energy remaining in the cell. cell. Its value is therefore 100% when the cell is fully charged, and 0% when it is fully discharged.
• Resistor 31 represents the internal resistance Ri of the electrochemical cell 20. It depends in particular on the state of aging of this cell.
• the parallel RC circuit comprises a resistor 32 and a capacitor 33 connected in parallel. It illustrates the fact that the cell has a non-response time null in case of charge and discharge.
• the resistance and capacitance values are here chosen as a function of the measurable response time of the cell.
• the computer 12 is then programmed to calculate this internal resistance Ri periodically, with a sampling frequency that is neither too large nor too small (typically of the order of a second).
• it is programmed to calculate an estimate of this internal resistance Ri only when certain conditions of use of the electrochemical cell 20 are met.
• FIGS. 7 and 8 there is then illustrated the variations over time of the intensity Ibatt delivered by the electrochemical cell 20 and of the rate of variation of this intensity.
• the instants corresponding to the points of FIG. 6 situated along the affine line have been marked with points. It has thus been observed that the intensity and the rate of variation of this intensity had to meet particular conditions of use so that the results of the estimation of the internal resistance Ri are reliable.
• the estimation of the internal resistance Ri is reliable if the cell is in the discharge phase, if it delivers an intensity of between 5 and 40A and if the variation of this intensity between two instants of successive sampling is sufficiently large (here, if the rate of change of the current ôlbatt / ôt is greater than 1 A / s).
• the computer 12 proceeds in a loop, repeating the steps described below in an iterative manner. These steps are implemented in the same way for each electrochemical cell 20. To simplify the present description, we will then focus hereinafter only on one of these cells.
• the computer acquires the internal temperature T of the accumulator battery 11. It also acquires values of voltage Ubatt and intensity Ibatt for the electrochemical cell 20.
• the computer 12 determines whether the conditions of use of the electrochemical cell 20 are met to estimate the internal resistance Ri of this cell.
• the computer determines whether the electrochemical cell 20 is in the discharge phase, if the intensity Ibatt of the current delivered by the cell is within a range of predefined values (here between 5 and 40A), if the rate variation of the intensity Ibatt of the current delivered by the device 20 is greater than a predefined variation threshold (here of 1A / s), and if the internal temperature of the accumulator battery 11 is within a predefined temperature range (here from 45 to 55 ⁇ ).
• a range of predefined values here between 5 and 40A
• a rate variation of the intensity Ibatt of the current delivered by the device 20 is greater than a predefined variation threshold (here of 1A / s)
• a predefined temperature range here from 45 to 55 ⁇ .
• the computer measures the AU and DI values and then deduces therefrom an estimate of the internal resistance Ri on the basis of the aforementioned "Math.1" equation. Otherwise, the process is reinitialized. At this stage, the computer 12 can directly consider this estimate as a good approximation of the internal resistance Ri of the electrochemical cell 20.
• this estimate will be combined with several other estimates made previously, so as to obtain a better estimate of the internal resistance Ri. It is thus for example possible to obtain an average over a sliding window encompassing several hundred previous results (for example 500 or 1000), and to consider that the internal resistance Ri is equal to this average, which will avoid any false measurement.
• the computer 12 compares this internal resistance with at least one resistance threshold.
• this internal resistance Ri is compared with three resistance thresholds SRI, SR2, SR3.
• the first resistance threshold SRI has the most restricted security mage while the second threshold SR2 has the largest security margin, so that we can write:
• the method is reinitialized. This corresponds to the case where the internal resistance Ri indicates that the electrochemical cell 20 is in good condition and that if the switch 26 is closed, this cell will have the electrical power necessary to melt the fuse 25.
• the computer 12 is programmed to control the display on the display screen 17 ′ of a message intended for the driver. This message is then intended to warn the driver that his accumulator battery 11 will be unusable in a restricted number of charge cycles.
• the message may for example display that the accumulator battery 11 will no longer be usable after five charging cycles and that it must therefore be changed or revised accordingly.
• the computer 12 is programmed to control the display on the display screen 17 ′ of a message intended for the driver, warning him that his battery will be unusable in a very small number of charge cycles.
• the computer 12 is also programmed to send to the control element 17 "a signal indicating to it that it will only have to allow a reduced number of recharging cycles of the battery (for example one or two), then subsequently preventing any recharging. drums.
• the computer 12 is programmed to control the display on the display screen 17 ′ of a message intended for the driver warning him that his battery can no longer be recharged.
• the computer 12 is also programmed to send the control element 17 "a signal indicating to it that it will have to prevent any new recharging of the battery.
• the protection system could be used on devices other than electrochemical cells of accumulator batteries.
• devices other than electrochemical cells of accumulator batteries could be used on devices other than electrochemical cells of accumulator batteries.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
• Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
• Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
• Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Family Cites Families (4)

• 2019
  • 2019-09-25 FR FR1910555A patent/FR3101199B1/fr active Active
• 2020
  • 2020-09-08 EP EP20765310.6A patent/EP4035223A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-09-08 CN CN202080065320.9A patent/CN114401861A/zh active Pending
  • 2020-09-08 US US17/642,880 patent/US20220399618A1/en active Pending
  • 2020-09-08 WO PCT/EP2020/075103 patent/WO2021058278A1/fr unknown
  • 2020-09-08 KR KR1020227009701A patent/KR20220064972A/ko active Search and Examination
  • 2020-09-08 JP JP2022517948A patent/JP2022549419A/ja active Pending

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