EP4033474A1

EP4033474A1 - Removable label

Info

Publication number: EP4033474A1
Application number: EP22153010.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stijn Geert Mario VAN VYNCKT; Niko DHONDT
Original assignee: St Luc Labels & Packaging NV; St Luc Labels & Packaging N V
Current assignee: St Luc Labels & Packaging NV; St Luc Labels & Packaging N V
Priority date: 2021-01-25
Filing date: 2022-01-24
Publication date: 2022-07-27
Also published as: BE1029052A1; BE1029052B1

Abstract

Label (10) for adhering to an object, wherein the label (10) has a base layer with a rear side; and wherein the label (10) comprises an adhesive layer on the rear side, wherein the adhesive layer has a first zone (1) with a first adhesive force and has a plurality of second zones (2) with a second adhesive force, wherein the second adhesive force is smaller than the first adhesive force and wherein the plurality of second zones(2) are at least partially separated from each other by the first zone (1).

Description

The invention relates to labels, preferably removable labels.
Use is already made in the label industry of removable labels. These labels are arranged on an object, for instance a packaging, using an adhesive. Once the packaging has fulfilled its function, it is disposed of. It is desirable here for the packaging to be recycled making use of a recycling process. In this recycling process it is desirable for the label to be removed from the packaging.
Problems do however occur in known processes for removing labels, examples hereof being the high recycling costs, a high energy consumption and difficulty in separating the label from the packaging. In these known processes high temperatures may be required for effective removal of the label, these high temperatures typically lying in the range of 60 - 70 °C or even higher. This is accompanied by a high energy consumption.
The object of the invention is to provide a label which on the one hand has a sufficient overall adhesive force to adhere to an object and is on the other hand easily removable from that object.
For this purpose the invention provides according to a first aspect a label with the features as described in claim 1. More specifically, the invention provides a label for adhering to an object, wherein the label has a base layer with a rear side; and wherein the label comprises an adhesive layer on the rear side, wherein the adhesive layer has a first zone with a first adhesive force and has a plurality of second zones with a second adhesive force, wherein the second adhesive force is smaller than the first adhesive force and wherein the plurality of second zones are at least partially separated from each other by the first zone.
The invention is based on the insight that providing the second zones with a smaller adhesive force makes the label easier to remove from a packaging during a recycling process, while the first zones ensure that the adhesive layer is still imparted with a sufficient adhesive force for the label to remain neatly adhered to the packaging while the packaging performs its function. It has been found here that the label as described here can be easily removed in a recycling process by washing the label off in a washing process, a washable label is therefore provided. In this washing process a washing liquid, preferably water, is used to dissolve and/or break down the adhesive layer so that the label can be separated from the packaging in efficient manner. It is also possible to remove the label from the packaging not only at "higher temperatures" above 60°C but also at "lower temperatures" below 60°C. This enables a reduction in energy consumption during the recycling process.
Tests and simulations have shown that already existing removable labels are not sufficiently separated from the packaging and often cause problems when a washing liquid with low temperatures is used during the washing process, particularly lower temperatures below 45°C. The existing labels will then not come loose and/or will leave adhesive residues behind on the surface of the packaging. This has an adverse effect on the efficient separation of the material flows during the recycling process.
The first zone is preferably directly adjacent to the plurality of second zones and the adhesive layer preferably extends over a total surface area. The plurality of second zones together cover a second surface area, wherein the second surface area is greater than 20% of the total surface area. In this way the label will come loose in further improved manner during the recycling process so that the label can be separated from the packaging. The surface area of the second zones is still more preferably at least 35% of the total surface area.
Substantially every second zone preferably comprises a non-neutralized sub-zone and a neutralized sub-zone, wherein a surface area of the neutralized zone is at least 20% of the total surface area of the respective second zone, preferably at least 30%, still more preferably at least 40%, most preferably at least 50%. Configuring the neutralized zone relative to the total surface area in this way improves the washability of the label at colder temperatures.
The surface area of the neutralized sub-zone is preferably a maximum of 80% of the total surface area of the respective second zone, preferably a maximum of 70%, still more preferably a maximum of 60%. The maximum surface area of the neutralized sub-zone enhances the functional adhesive force of the label and so prevents the label from accidentally coming loose during normal use.
The washable label as described here is "lukewarm washable" and can be easily removed from the packaging with the washing process using a washing liquid at a temperature below 45°C. "Lukewarm washable" is understood to mean: washable at an average washing temperature below 60°C, preferably below 50°C, still more preferably below 45°C, most preferably below 41°C. In addition, the label provides for an improved separation of the material flows during the recycling process in that the adhesive residues are reduced or prevented, so that they do not remain behind on the packaging.
For this purpose the label is provided with an adhesive layer with a first zone having a first adhesive force which is greater than the second adhesive force of the plurality of second zones. This second adhesive force is preferably practically negligible and the plurality of second zones are at least partially separated from each other by the first zone. The term "adhesive force" is representative of the property of the respective zone of connecting the adjacent materials to each other by providing a determined degree of adhesion and/or mutual attraction therebetween.
Because of the reduced adhesive force at the position of the second zones, the washing liquid has the ability there to spread more rapidly and easily over and/or through the adhesive layer. The washing liquid hereby not only has access to the plurality of second zones, but also more access to the first zone so as to treat it. In this context "treat" can be understood to mean dissolution, decomposition, degradation, loosening or dissociation as a result of the influence of the washing liquid. The reduced adhesive force at the position of the second zone is preferably provided by neutralizing the adhesive layer with a neutralizing substance, such as a neutralizing ink.
The first zone is preferably directly adjacent to the plurality of second zones so that the washing liquid has direct access to treat the first zone via the second zones as well. Because the washing liquid is able to pass through and/or along the second zones owing to for instance capillary forces, the liquid can easily spread between the label and the packaging during the washing process.
The inventors have further found that the neutralized sub-zone is preferably formed by a plurality of sub-zone portions, wherein each sub-zone portion has a maximum dimension smaller than 1 mm, preferably smaller than 0.5 mm, preferably smaller than 0.15 mm, more preferably smaller than 0.10 mm, most preferably smaller than 0.01 mm. Limiting the maximum dimensions of the sub-zone portions of the neutralized sub-zone improves the washable properties of the label at lower temperatures. By limiting the maximum dimension of substantially every portion of the neutralized sub-zone the label achieves an improved washability at lower temperatures without losing the functional adhesive force of the label.
The neutralized sub-zone preferably comprises a neutralizing substance. The neutralizing substance is more preferably an ink on the basis of acrylate, methacrylate or epoxy resin. It has been found here that, with these types, the ink can be applied to the adhesive layer in highly precise manner on the basis of a predetermined layout. A UV ink is preferable. More specifically, a UV ink whose composition comprises one or more multifunctional polymers, preferably polymers with different acrylate functions. The UV ink preferably has one or more multifunctional photoinitiators. It has been found here that the UV ink with the one or more multifunctional polymers provides for an improved cross-linking so that migration of critical ink components to and/or into the adhesive layer is avoided. In this way it is possible to provide for an extended neutralizing effect of the ink. It has also been found that the ink with the multifunctional photoinitiators causes less odour nuisance during the neutralization of the adhesive layer.
It is preferably the case that the first zone takes the form of a path which extends at least partially between the plurality of second zones. This extending of the first zone between the plurality of second zones provides for a distribution of the first adhesive force so that the label remains neatly on the packaging during functional use thereof. Because the path is situated between the second zones, the washing liquid has easy access for treating the path. It is preferably the case that the path has one or more branches. This has the advantage that access for the washing liquid to the path and its branches is increased. The path preferably extends over at least 3 quadrants of the label, preferably at least 4 quadrants of the label. The path hereby provides the first adhesive force of the first zone distributed over the label, which is favourable for the overall adhesive force of the label. This distributed overall adhesive force is particularly favourable when the label is stuck to the packaging and when this packaging is performing its function. The overall adhesive force is hereby representative of the functional adhesive force of the label, wherein the label typically performs its function at a temperature of use of -20°C to 80°C. The path is preferably substantially continuous in order to protect the label against penetrating media.
In the plurality of second zones, of which substantially each second zone comprises a non-neutralized sub-zone and a neutralized sub-zone, it is the case that the neutralized sub-zone is arranged in a first pattern of polygons. The polygons are preferably substantially square because of advantages in terms of production engineering. The pattern of polygons provides for an advantageous balance between washability and functional adhesive force of the label. The dimensions of the polygons are here preferably limited to 1 mm, preferably limited to 0.15 mm and still more preferably limited to 0.1 mm, and most probably smaller than 0.05 mm. In this way the polygons are limited in individual surface area, so that a high surface density of polygons and preferably surface density of neutralizing substance can be achieved per area of adhesive layer. The high surface density of polygons per area of adhesive layer has the advantage that the washability at lower temperatures improves, wherein the functional adhesive force of the label is substantially preserved.
It is preferably the case that the plurality of second zones are formed as islands, wherein the plurality of second zones preferably take the form of islands and are surrounded at least partially by the first zone, and wherein the first zone preferably surrounds the islands of the plurality of second zones by at least 90%, preferably by substantially 100%. The combination of the islands and these being surrounded by the first zone provides for an advantageous balance between washability and functional adhesive force. Islands are preferably fully isolated, however in this context these islands can alternatively be mutually connected and deemed peninsulas. Because the islands divide the plurality of second zones into determined segments in this way, these segments are substantially isolated from each other. This protects the label in the case of accidental exposure to or contact with an outside liquid while the packaging is performing its function. At that moment it is namely desirable for the label to remain neatly adhered to the packaging. For this purpose the islands ensure that the overall adhesive force of the label is not affected by accidental exposure to liquid, for instance condensation, such that the label would thereby come loose from the packaging.
It is still more preferably the case that the islands are surrounded at least partially by the first zone, wherein the first zone preferably surrounds the islands by at least 90%, preferably substantially 100%. The first zone with the first adhesive force is hereby protected to a desired degree against accidental exposure to media that might affect the first adhesive force, also referred to as "penetrating media". For instance moist media or liquids which may occasionally come into contact with the packaging while this packaging is fulfilling its function. An example is condensation that could penetrate in between the label and the packaging via the sides of the label.
It is preferably the case that the first zone forms one or more patterns. This embodiment has advantages in terms of production engineering owing to the repetitive character of the one or more patterns. In addition, the repetitive character provides for a uniform distribution of the first adhesive force, which enhances the overall adhesive force of the label.
The first zone is preferably formed as a path which forms a network with branches, preferably in the form of one or more second patterns, still more preferably in the form of a hexagon pattern; wherein the path has a length measured between two adjacent branches of the network and a width measured perpendicularly of the longitudinal direction; wherein the width is smaller than 60% of the length, still more preferably smaller than 50% of the length, even more preferably smaller than 30% of the length. The mutual ratios of the length and width of the path provide for an improved balance between adhesive force of the first zone and the washability of the label.
The first zone preferably forms a substantially closed network of paths, wherein substantially each of these paths has a length in the longitudinal direction, wherein this longitudinal direction is substantially parallel to and/or runs level to the longest direction of the path and wherein the paths additionally have a width which is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The length is here measured between the neighbouring junctions of the network.
The width of the path is preferably smaller than 1 mm, preferably smaller than 0.5 mm, still more preferably smaller than 0.2 mm and most preferably smaller than 0.1 mm This improves the washability of the label at colder temperatures, particularly temperatures below 60°C, even below 50°C and even down to 40°C.
In a preferred embodiment it is the case that the average width of the paths of the network is smaller than 95% of the average length of the paths, preferably smaller than 80%, still more preferably smaller than 70%, even more preferably smaller than 60% and most preferably smaller than 50%. This distribution ensures a good balance between a favourable degree of overall adhesive force of the label on one hand and a favourable degree washability of the label on the other. The paths between the junctions of the network are preferably joined up and/or continuous. This joining up and/or continuity of the first zone at the position of the paths of the network protects the second zone against accidental exposure to liquid, such as for instance condensed air humidity, or exposure to other types of "penetrating media", such as for instance sand or dust. This protection ensures that the label does not lose its overall adhesive force during functional use thereof. The paths protect against a limited quantity of penetrating media that may affect the first adhesive force of the first zone, for example air humidity or condensation that can penetrate in between the label and the packaging along the side of the packaging.
It is preferably the case that the first zone is formed as a hexagon pattern. The hexagon pattern provides in geometrical terms a desirable arrangement for distributing the first zone with the first adhesive force uniformly over the label so that the greater part of the first zone forms a substantially closed hexagon grid. This hexagon pattern has the advantage that the majority of distances within the grid are largely equal, in other words are equidistant. It follows that the most uniform and balanced distribution of the first adhesive force over the label is achieved, which enhances the overall adhesive force and adhesive properties of the label. This favourable overall adhesive force can thus be provided on the one hand, while on the other a washing liquid still has sufficient access to the first zone in the grid during the washing process via the plurality of second zones, wherein these plurality of second zones are respectively situated in the cells of the grid.
A majority of internal angles of one or more hexagons inside the hexagon pattern preferably equals an angle of between 95 and 140 degrees, still more preferably 115 and 125 degrees, most preferably an angle of substantially 120 degrees. These angles result in a more uniform distribution of the first zone over the label and have advantages in terms of production engineering.
The second adhesive force is preferably substantially negligible. In other words, no adhesive is provided in the second zones, or the effect of the adhesive has been fully undone in the second zones. This has advantages in terms of production engineering. It is preferably the case that the adhesive layer extends over a total surface area A3 and the plurality of second zones together cover a second surface area A2, wherein the second surface area A2 is greater than 20% of the total surface area A3, preferably greater than 35%, still more preferably greater than 39%; and/or wherein the second surface area A2 is preferably smaller than 80%, preferably smaller than 75%, still more preferably smaller than 71%. Because the second surface area with the smaller adhesive force spreads over the label to this extent, a desired degree of washability is imparted to the label while the overall adhesive force nevertheless remains sufficient.
In an embodiment it is the case that the label further comprises a carrier layer, such that the adhesive layer is situated between the base layer and the carrier layer. This carrier layer imparts advantages in terms of transport to the label, examples hereof being protection against outside dirt or particles that could find their way into the adhesive layer. The carrier layer can additionally provide advantages in terms of production engineering, such as the option of placing one or more labels on the same carrier label and putting them through a production process simultaneously.
The invention further relates to the object comprising at least one label as described here. Because the object has this label, the object as a whole and/or the raw material of the object can be recycled more easily.
The invention further provides a method for manufacturing a washable label for adhering to an object, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: - providing a base layer; - providing an adhesive layer at the position of a rear side of the base layer, wherein the adhesive layer has a first zone with a first adhesive force and has a plurality of second zones with a second adhesive force, wherein the second adhesive force is smaller than the first adhesive force and wherein the plurality of second zones are at least partially separated from each other by the first zone. By providing an adhesive layer on the rear side of the label, this label can be easily adhered to a packaging via its rear side. Because the adhesive layer has the combination of a "first adhesive zone" and a "second less adhesive zone" or "second non-adhesive zone", the label can be provided with sufficient overall adhesive force on the one hand and a favourable degree of washability on the other. The adhesive layer is preferably applied directly to the base layer of the label. The advantages and effects described above with reference to the label also apply to the method, and particularly to the product resulting from the method. The adhesive layer preferably has one or more of the features as described above.
In a preferred embodiment of the method the adhesive layer is provided directly on the base layer of the label. In an alternative embodiment of the method it is the case that the step of providing the adhesive layer comprises of: - providing a carrier; - applying the adhesive layer at the position of a first side of the carrier; - transferring the adhesive layer to the rear side of the base layer in order to provide the adhesive layer on the rear side of the base layer by placing the base layer on the carrier with the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is thus transferred from the carrier to the base layer of the label, and so provided indirectly on the base layer of the label.
It is preferably the case that the adhesive layer is provided by one of the following provision techniques.
In a first technique it is the case that the step of providing the adhesive layer comprises of: selectively applying an adhesive at the position of the first zone, such that the first zone and the plurality of second zones are formed by the selective application. The selective application of the adhesive enables different paths and/or patterns to be provided with the above described advantages, and this in an accurate manner. The adhesive has a first adhesive force which ensures that the label remains neatly adhered to the packaging. The selective application helps in the provision of a good balance between an overall adhesive force of the label and favourable degree of washability.
In a second technique it is the case that the step of providing the adhesive layer comprises of the following: providing a substantially continuous adhesive layer with the first adhesive force and then selectively reducing the first adhesive force at the position of the plurality of second zones. This form has advantages in terms of production engineering. The continuous adhesive layer firstly provides for a continuous, substantially uniformly distributed adhesive layer and therefore a uniform distribution of a first adhesive force. A desired adhesive property is thus firstly imparted to the label, which adhesive property is typically overdimensioned, so that it can be adhered to a packaging. Selectively reducing the first adhesive force at the position of the plurality of second zones additionally influences the washability of the label. Selectively reducing the first adhesive force enables the degree of washability to be set. Preferably such that the label leaves no adhesive residues behind on the packaging when this label is washed off with a washing liquid.
The method more preferably comprises the step of providing the adhesive layer, wherein this step comprises of:

providing a substantially continuous adhesive layer with the first adhesive force and
applying a neutralizing substance at the position of the plurality of second zones, such that substantially each second zone comprises a non-neutralized sub-zone and a neutralized sub-zone, wherein a surface area of the neutralized zone is at least 20% of the total surface area of the respective second zone, preferably at least 30%, still more preferably at least 40%, most preferably at least 50% of the total surface area of the respective second zone.

In this way it is possible to manufacture a washable label which can be washed off, and can even be washed off at temperatures below 40°C, wherein it is prevented that adhesive residues remain. It is more preferably the case that the surface area of the neutralized sub-zone is a maximum of 80% of the total surface area of the respective second zone, preferably a maximum of 70%, still more preferably a maximum of 60%. These maximums of neutralized sub-zone enhance the functional adhesive force of the label during normal use thereof.
The method further preferably comprises of the neutralizing substance being applied in a first pattern in the second zone in order to form a plurality of neutralized sub-zone portions of the neutralized sub-zone, wherein substantially every neutralized sub-zone portion has a maximum dimension which is smaller than 1 mm, preferably smaller than 0.5 mm, preferably smaller than 0.15 mm, more preferably smaller than 0.10 mm, most preferably smaller than 0.01 mm. The small dimensions enhance the washability at lower temperatures.
It is further preferably the case that the neutralizing substance is applied such that the first zone forms a path with branches, wherein the path preferably forms one or more second patterns, more preferably is hexagonal; wherein a width of the path is smaller than 1 mm, preferably smaller than 0.5 mm, still more preferably smaller than 0.2 mm and most preferably smaller than 0.1 mm.
The invention further provides a process for recycling an object with a label as described here, wherein this process further comprises of: - providing a water mass with a temperature below 60°C, preferably below 50°C, still more preferably below 45°C, most preferably below 41°C, - bringing the label into contact with the water mass in order to separate the label and the object from each other. Because the process uses these low temperatures, the energy use of the process can be reduced, which is not just financially advantageous but is further also environmentally advantageous. In addition, the recycling process provides an efficient separation of the incoming material flows, this being the object with the label, so that the object contains few or no adhesive residues when the recycling process is carried out. The object and/or the raw material of the object can hereby be recycled in advantageous manner. By using the water mass as washing liquid the process has an advantage in terms of availability and cost relative to other liquids such as acetone or turpentine (also known as white spirit).
For a better appreciation of the invention it will be elucidated on the basis of several drawings which are not limitative. In these drawings:

Figures 1A-1D show a label according to a first embodiment in a plurality of states and views;
Figure 2 shows a label according to a second embodiment;
Figures 3-12 show exemplary embodiments of the label;
Figures 13A, 13B and 14 show a label under the influence of a washing liquid;
Figure 15 shows a preferred embodiment of the label;
Figure 16 shows a possible manufacturing process for providing a label.

Figures 1A-1D show a label 10 with a base layer 11 with a rear side 12 to which adhesive layer 13 is applied with a first zone 1 and a second zone 2. The second zone has a smaller adhesive force than the first zone and/or can reduce the adhesive force of the first zone at the position of the second zone. The label has a rear side 12 and a front side 15. The first zone has a first adhesive force which is distributed largely uniformly over the rear side 12 of the label by a hexagon pattern 6. This uniform distribution provides among other things for an overall adhesive force over the rear side 12 of the label where adhesive layer 13 is applied. The first zone 1 is here directly adjacent to the plurality of second zones and the adhesive layer extends over a total surface area A3 and at least 20% thereof is covered by the plurality of second zones.
Figure 1 further shows that substantially every second zone 2 comprises a non-neutralized sub-zone 2a and a neutralized sub-zone 2b. The surface area of the neutralized zone 2b is at least 20% of the total surface area of the respective second zone 2, preferably at least 30%, still more preferably at least 40%, most preferably at least 50%.
The surface area of the neutralized sub-zone 2b is a maximum of 80% of the total surface area of the respective second zone 2, preferably a maximum of 70%, still more preferably a maximum of 60%. Tests have shown that the degree of neutralization affects the degree of washability at low temperatures. By providing the layout of non-neutralized sub-zone 2a and neutralized sub-zone 2b with said surface area percentages a surprising balance is achieved between functional adhesive force and washability at low temperature, without adhesive residues remaining behind. In this way the inventors have found that the labels and the material of the objects on which the labels are arranged can be recycled in an energetically advantageous manner.
The neutralized sub-zone 2b in the plurality of second zones 2 provide for a reduced adhesive force of the plurality of second zones, so that the average adhesive force of the plurality of second zones is smaller than the adhesive force of the first zone. The average adhesive force of the plurality of second zones can be seen here as the average of the adhesive force of the non-neutralized sub-zone 2a and the neutralized sub-zone 2b, wherein the adhesive force of the neutralized sub-zone 2b is therefore substantially negligible.
Figure 1 further illustrates that the neutralized sub-zone 2b is formed by a plurality of sub-zone portions 2b1, 2b2, 2b3 with dimensions smaller than 1 mm, preferably smaller still, so as to enhance the balance between washability and functional adhesive force. The figure further shows that the neutralized sub-zone 2b is arranged in a first pattern of polygons 2b1, 2b2, 2b3. The term "polygons" comprises here any geometric figure. The polygons are preferably substantially square for reasons of production engineering advantages. Circles with diameters limited to 1 mm, preferably limited to 0.15 mm and still more preferably limited to 0.1 mm, and most preferably smaller than 0.05 mm are also applicable.
Figure 1 further shows that first zone 1 is formed as a path 4. The path forms a network with branches in the form of a hexagon pattern. The path has a length 1, measured between two adjacent branches of the network represented as a first junction kp1 and the second junction kp2. The path further has a width b measured perpendicularly of the longitudinal direction of the segment between the two junctions. Where the path bends between the junctions the segment length of the path between the junctions should here be used when determining the length.
It is advantageous for the width to be smaller than 60% of the length, still more preferably smaller than 50% of the length, even more preferably 30% of the length. This is because the mutual ratios of length and width of the path ensure an improved balance between adhesive force of the first zone and the washability of the label.
In preferred embodiments the width b of the path is smaller than 10% of the length 1 of the path, still more preferably even smaller than 5% and even smaller than 3% of the length 1 of the path. This is because this ratio of length and width ensures an advantageous balance between washability and functional adhesive force with a minimal amount of adhesive residue.
The width of the path is preferably smaller than 1 mm, preferably smaller than 0.5 mm, still more preferably smaller than 0.2 mm and most preferably smaller than 0.1 mm so that the label can be washed off properly at colder temperatures, particularly temperatures below 60°C, even below 50°C and even below 40°C.
Figure 1A shows the rear side of the label with sectional line AA, the side view through this sectional line can be seen in figure 1B. The first zone with the first adhesive force is "discontinuous", which is understood to mean that, instead of a smooth uninterrupted surface, this layer has an interruption or any other form of alteration because of the presence of the second zone.
The base layer 11 gives the label mechanical stability. Typical materials for forming the base layer consist of paper, plastic or a combination thereof. An example of a base layer is synthetic paper on the basis of PP, PE, Polyester or a combination thereof. Typically used types of paper are for instance: Coated Paper, Uncoated Paper, Metallized Paper, Thermo Top Paper, Thermo Eco Paper, Opaque Paper, Wet-Strength Paper. It must be noted that other types of paper are also possible. It is preferably the case that the base layer comprises a synthetic plastic. Suitable plastic types are for instance: Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polycarbonate (PC), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The synthetic base layer has the advantage that it makes the label suitable for adhering to all sorts of difficult surfaces, this with a relatively thin thickness as compared to only a paper base layer being used. In addition, the synthetic base layer is also suitable for use in the oil, cosmetics and industrial industries.
The adhesive layer 13 is preferably formed with an adhesive having a first adhesive force. The adhesive is preferably selected as an adhesive with an adhesive force which decreases under the influence of water. It is desirable here for the adhesive layer to be formed with an adhesive which is soluble in water at less than 50°C at 1 atm. In this context "soluble" is understood to mean: dissolution, decomposition, degradation, loosening or dissociation as a result of the influence of the washing liquid. Other "solvents" or "washing liquids" on the basis of hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters and/or ketones are also possible. The solvents can here be mixed with one or more additives in order to form for instance salt solutions and/or other solvents. Water is however preferred as washing liquid because of its availability and for environmental reasons. In respect of the adhesive layer, synthetic thermoplastic adhesives are preferred. Examples hereof are adhesives which can react physically with the surrounding components. These surrounding components are typically the base layer 11 of the label and the object 20 to which the label must stick. Examples of physically bonding adhesives are: dispersion adhesives or adhesive glues (for instance water-based acrylic adhesives), hot-melt adhesives (for instance rubber-based adhesives), contact adhesives or solvent adhesives. Additionally suitable are adhesive tapes in which or on which the path as described here can be arranged. Biodegradable and bio-based adhesives are also suitable, and have environmental advantages. Examples hereof are adhesives on the basis of vegetable material, starch, casein, dextrin, glucose, methyl cellulose adhesive.
It is preferably the case that adhesive glues or dispersion adhesives are preferred for reasons of production engineering and availability, and low cost. Desirable adhesives for this are adhesives with a binding agent in an aqueous medium. The binding agent is preferably a synthetic resin which is in the aqueous medium (for instance water) as a dispersion. The synthetic resin is typically present in a percentage by weight of between 40-80%, preferably between 50-65%, calculated in relation to the overall weight of the synthetic resin and the aqueous medium. Fillers and other additives can further be added to the adhesive. The type of synthetic resin determines in large measure the field of application of the adhesives. Desirable synthetic resins are here: resins on the basis of acrylate, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane (PUR) and derivatives thereof. Acrylate is preferred here. The adhesive glues or dispersion adhesives have the advantage that an adhesion can be created with a minimal number of steps. In particular, simply bringing into contact and preferably pressing together the neighbouring surfaces with the adhesive therebetween suffices to adhere these surfaces. In addition, this type of adhesive also has advantages in terms of sustainability relative to for instance (solvent-/chemical-based) solvent adhesives.
It is preferably the case that the adhesive is chosen from one or more of the following types of adhesive which are typically used in the label industry: "Permanent", "Extra permanent", "Removable", "Freezer", "Ultra-strong", "Ultra-removable". The type of adhesive is however chosen depending on the application for which the label as described here is used or manufactured. An example of an adhesive layer is described in WO2012072889A1 , incorporated here by way of reference for further elucidation of the technical properties and compositions of the adhesive.
The carrier 30 provides for a simpler transport of the label. In figure 1C the label 10 is arranged on a carrier 30. The carrier layer imparts additional mechanical stability to the label and protects the adhesive layer of the label against ambient impurities and/or dirt such as sand, dust and the like, or other things that may affect the adhesive force of the adhesive layer. A suitable carrier is for instance a glassine paper. A covering layer 14 which covers the label can optionally be arranged on front side 15. An example hereof is a protective film or coating. Additionally or alternatively, the label can comprise on the front side a printed layer 14 to improve the properties of the label, such as the functionality and a desired appearance. The carrier 30 takes the form of a carrier of a sticker and is known and therefore not discussed further in this description.
The object 20 is for instance a packaging or product. Examples hereof are: a container for soap or shampoo, PET bottles, canisters and other such plastic packagings. In addition, the object can also be a product made largely from one of the following materials: paper, cardboard, glass, metal, plastic and wood. The object is typically one or more of the following: packagings, products, containers such as cosmetics containers, food containers, shampoo bottles, beverage cartons, drink bottles and similar substrates with a surface onto which the label can be stuck. Figure 1D shows a functional use of the label, wherein the label is adhered to an object 20. This surface can be a flat or curved substrate, a rough or smooth substrate, a dry or damp substrate, an oily substrate or combinations thereof. In addition, the label can be adapted according to the application of the object and the accompanying ambient conditions. Examples of these ambient conditions are ambient temperature, degree of humidity, acidity or exposure to one or more of the following: UV light, Solvents, Acids, Fuels and the like. Determined changes can be made to the label on the basis of these influencing factors in order to address these influencing factors. It is preferably the case that the label has a front side, wherein the front side comprises one or more pieces of information. This information comprises for instance patterns or letters and convey a certain amount of data and/or a message to an observer seeing the label. This implies the "functional use" of the label. The front side of the label can bear a graphic pattern to form a visual effect and/or to display information. In an embodiment the base layer is not moisture-permeable. Alternatively, the base layer can absorb moisture. In an embodiment the thickness of the base layer is between 1 and 1000 microns. In an embodiment the thickness of the adhesive layer is between 1 and 250 microns.
Manufacture of the label can be done using a method wherein a base layer 11 is provided; and an adhesive layer 13 is provided on a rear side 12 of the base layer. The adhesive layer can be provided using any suitable provision technique. In a preferred embodiment it is the case that the adhesive layer is provided directly on the base layer of the label.
The adhesive layer of the label can also be provided by first providing a carrier, wherein the adhesive layer is applied to a first side of this carrier. The adhesive layer can then be transferred from the rear side of the carrier to the rear side of the base layer of the label by placing the base layer on the carrier with the adhesive layer. Placing the base layer with the rear side on the first side of the carrier to which the adhesive layer has been applied enables the adhesive layer to be transferred from the carrier to the base layer of the label.
The adhesive layer is preferably provided according to any one of the following techniques.
Selectively applying an adhesive at the position of the first zone such that the plurality of second zones are formed by the selective application. The adhesive can be applied selectively with any suitable "application technique". Examples hereof are: selective spraying, stamping and/or printing, selective squirting making use of for instance nozzles or using one or more glue guns, selectively spreading the adhesive and the like. In this way the first zone can be configured such in a pattern and/or network as described here. This is done, among other reasons, so that a space can be provided on or throughout the adhesive layer along which or through which the washing liquid can run, for instance by means of capillary forces or, to limited extent, mass flow. The space along which the washing liquid can spread easily is particularly there where the first zone with the first adhesive force is not connected to the packaging. Because the washing liquid can spread easily, the washing liquid gains additional access to the adhesive layer, whereby the adhesive layer can be washed off more easily during a washing process.
In addition, it is also possible to first provide a substantially continuous adhesive layer with the first adhesive force. This can be done with a suitable adhesive layer "provision technique". Examples hereof are: spraying, stamping, dipping, immersion, squirting, spreading or using laminating techniques, wherein a double-sided adhesive tape is for instance arranged on the base layer of the label and/or the carrier. The first adhesive force of the continuous adhesive layer can then be selectively reduced by providing the second zones, wherein these second zones have a smaller adhesive force, preferably substantially negligible adhesive force. This can improve the washability of the label. Selectively reducing the first adhesive force with the plurality of second zones enables the degree of washability to be set. Preferably such that the label leaves behind no adhesive residues on the packaging when this label is washed off with a washing liquid. The first adhesive force can be adjusted by providing a medium selectively at the substantially continuous adhesive layer, preferably on the continuous adhesive layer along the rear side of the label. This so that the medium comes to lie between the continuous adhesive layer with the first adhesive force and the packaging. The medium thus reduces the first adhesive force of the adhesive layer and/or can increase the spread of a washing liquid.
A "neutralizing substance" such as a neutralizing ink is preferably used as medium. This neutralizing substance can be provided selectively on the substantially continuous adhesive layer. The neutralizing substance is preferably transparent or substantially translucent so that the aesthetic aspect of the label is not affected, particularly when labels with a limited thickness are used. Transparent is here understood to mean allowing visible light (400 nm to 750 nm) to pass. Suitable neutralizing inks are for instance solvent-free printing inks, wherein UV-cured inks on the basis of acrylate, methacrylate or epoxy resin are especially preferred. Such printing inks are commercially available under the name UVAFLEX (Zeller & Gmelin GmbH). The neutralizing ink can be applied selectively to the adhesive layer as an "ink layer" by means of a printing process wherein the neutralizing ink is printed onto the adhesive layer. The printing makes it possible to selectively reduce the first adhesive force. The ink layer here preferably has the properties of the second zone as described herein.
An example of a process for manufacturing a label is illustrated in figure 16, wherein a printing process is used to apply the neutralizing substance 73 to the substantially continuous adhesive layer. The substance can here be provided on the continuous adhesive layer of the label using a cylindrical printing plate 64 or printing block 64. A suitable printing pattern which is representative of the distribution of the first and second zones as described here can be provided on this printing block. Figure 16 shows a carrier roller 60 with the base layer 70 of the label and a carrier layer 72. The carrier layer 72 is separated from the base layer 70 so that the continuous adhesive layer 71 is exposed. The neutralizing substance 73 is provided on printing block 64 with a substance provider 65. The printing block then prints the neutralizing substance on the adhesive layer 71 of base layer 70. Using the printing block, the first and second zone can be provided on the label with one or more of the properties as described here. Carrier layer 72 can then be placed back on base layer 70 for for instance transport reasons.
Various distributions of first and second zones are shown in figures 2-12. Figure 2 shows here a substantially closed hexagon pattern, wherein the first zone 1 is the perimeter of the hexagon pattern. The second zone has a substantially negligible adhesive force and represents the area enclosed by the perimeter. The pattern is preferably closed, as shown in figure 3B, to protect the adhesive layer against "penetrating media", such as media which are able to affect the first adhesive force, for example air humidity or condensation which can penetrate in between the label and the packaging along the side of the packaging. If a first compartment or island 200 is subjected to a penetrating medium, the neighbouring compartment 201 is protected by a first zone 101 lying therebetween. The second zones 2 are preferably formed as islands and/or peninsulas 50. Figure 3C show a combination wherein the plurality of second zones have peninsulas. In an embodiment the average dimensions of the second zone are greater than the first zone as shown in figure 3E for purposes of washability. Figure 3D shows that the average dimensions of the first zone are greater than the respective dimensions of the second zone for purposes of the overall adhesive force. The skilled person will appreciate that a balance between the two is desirable.
Figure 4A shows a pattern wherein the first zone, also referred to as adhesive zone, runs over the rear side of the label in the manner of a path. The average width of the path is here smaller than the average width of the neighbouring island formed by the second zone. This distribution enhances the washability of the label.
Figure 4C shows a distribution of the first zone wherein the majority of the first zone is provided on the outer parts of the adhesive side of the label. The first zone has here a plurality of sub-zones formed as substantially circular zones. It is important here to set the diameter of the sub-zones so that it is substantially smaller than the mutual distance of the centres of the sub-zones for purposes of washability.
Figures 4D and 4E show two embodiments wherein the degree of protection against penetrating media is higher in the form of 4E owing to the isolated segments or islands. Figure 4D shows a form without segments. In figure 4E the first zones as shown in figure 4D are mutually connected in order to enclose the second zone. In this way the protection against penetrating media is increased.
Figure 5A shows an embodiment wherein the first zone is concentrated along the sides of the label.
Figure 6A shows an embodiment wherein the first zone is continuous. In figure 6B the first zone is divided into a plurality of sub-zones. The continuity of the first zone as shown in figure 6A enhances the protection against penetrating media. This continuity of the first zone results in the discontinuity of the second zone. Penetrating media seep along the second zone through or along the adhesive layer of the label. The discontinuity of this second zone reduces this seepage so that the overall adhesive force of the label is preserved.
Figures 7A and 7B show a form wherein the protection against penetrating media along the outer side is increased. Figure 7C shows a preferred embodiment with a high degree of first zone uniformity over the label. In addition, this form is preferred in that the same printing form can provide a plurality of labels of different sizes with a uniformly distributed first adhesive force so that the overall force of the adhesive layer is distributed uniformly over the label. In other words, labels of different sizes and with adhesive layers with different surface areas can be treated with the same printing form without this having to be modified in each case in order to provide a desired degree of adhesive force uniformity over the adhesive layer. Figures 9-12 are also exemplary embodiments which can provide a desired degree of adhesive force uniformity.
Figures 8-12 show different embodiments. Figures 8A-8C show a pattern which may provide protection against penetrating media, but with a uniformity of the overall adhesive force distribution which can be improved upon such as with the embodiments shown in figures 9A-12.
Figure 11 shows an embodiment with a triangle pattern and figure 12 shows a grid pattern. Such embodiments contribute to the uniformity of the overall adhesive force of the label and have advantages in terms of production engineering by means of their repetitive character.
An operating principle of the label is shown in figures 13 and 14 and will be explained with reference to these figures. The skilled person will appreciate that the operation is similar for labels formed differently than shown in the above described figures. Figure 13A shows the side view of the label adhered to an object 20. Figure 13B shows the label in more detail. Owing to the combination of the first and second zone 2 the label 10 can be washed off more easily with a water 100 without this being detrimental to the overall adhesive force of the label. The water first has an entry 101 to a first adhesive mass in order to dissolve it and/or break it down there. After the first adhesive mass 130 has dissolved, the water comes into contact with the second zone with a substantially negligible adhesive force. This has the result that the water can seep in between the second zone 2 and the object and so gain additional access to a deeper adhesive mass 131. The water can here alternatively or additionally also run through the second zone and so spread more quickly throughout the adhesive layer. A spreading layer with rapidly dissolvable material and/or water-transporting material can then be provided here in the second zone. It is important here for the transport through and/or along the second zone to be quicker than through the bulk of the adhesive mass. An example hereof is a "sponge structure" or a paper layer. This paper layer can then for instance be punched in a pattern and be provided on the second zone. Another option is to provide the second zone by means of perforating techniques and/or selective printing techniques.
In preferred embodiments the second zone is however divided so that the second zone comprises a non-neutralized sub-zone 2a and a neutralized sub-zone 2b, and by combining the division with the first zone 1 an advantageous balance between washability at lower temperature of the label and the functional adhesive force is achieved.
Figure 14 shows a protection principle against penetrating media 140 to enhance the functional use of label 10. A penetrating medium can be an aqueous volume resulting from exposure to one or more of the following: condensation, rain or oil. Other types of penetrating media can be dust, sand and other types of dirt. First zone 1 is adjacent to the plurality of second zones 2 and is formed as a path with a plurality of branches and/or a network of tracks with a plurality of junctions. The average track width of the tracks of the network is preferably smaller than the average distance between the nearest junctions, this to provide a balance between overall adhesive force of the label and washability of the label with a washing liquid 100. The tracks are here preferably substantially continuous and joined up, preferably 95% joined up, most preferably substantially 100% joined up, so that a desired protection against penetrating media can be imparted to the label. A penetrating medium 140 is held in the islands 50, where it is held against the edges by the first zone with the first adhesive force which is greater than the adhesive force in the second zone. A greater measure of washing liquid is typically provided during this washing process. The washing liquid then penetrates through or along the adhesive layer island by island, so that it can spread over the surface of the label more quickly. The label can hereby be washed off easily in that the washing liquid gains more access via the second zone to the bulk of adhesive mass of the adhesive typically situated in the first zone. This while a uniformly distributed adhesive force is imparted to the label to enhance the functional use thereof. The uniformly distributed adhesive force can be provided with a uniformly distributed pattern, such as for instance the patterns shown in figures 9-12.
It should be noted that the washing process can be facilitated by imparting a determined degree of mechanical agitation and/or increased pressure to the washing process.
Figure 15 illustrates a preferred embodiment wherein the rear side of the base layer comprises an adhesive layer with a first zone 1 formed from a path in the form of a network with branches. Situated at the position of the branches are junctions where segments of the path of first zone 1 converge.
The width of the path at the position of the segment between the junctions is preferably limited to a maximum of 1 mm, more preferably a maximum of 0.5 mm and still more preferably 0.1 mm Several junctions are shown in the figure as a first junction kp1 and second junction kp2. The width is preferably smaller than 10%, preferably smaller than 5% and even smaller than 3% of the length 1 of the segment between the junctions. The inventors have found that this layout imparts a desired functional adhesive force to the label and that the label can be easily washed off at temperatures lower than 60°C and even lower than 40°C.
It is further also shown that the plurality of second zones comprise a non-neutralized sub-zone 2a and a neutralized sub-zone 2b. The neutralized sub-zone 2b comprises a plurality of portions in the form of polygons. All manner of shapes can be used. The dimensions are however limited to 0.5 mm, preferably smaller than 0.5 mm, preferably smaller than 0.15 mm, more preferably smaller than 0.10 mm, most preferably smaller than 0.01 mm, in order to provide a desired balance between washability and functional adhesive force. The first zone 1 formed as a path is adjacent to the plurality of second zones and divides the plurality of second zones into islands. The islands enhance the functional adhesive force of the label. The plurality of second zones further comprise the non-neutralized sub-zone 2a and a neutralized sub-zone 2b, wherein the neutralized sub-zone 2b is arranged in a pattern of polygons which have limited dimensions so that the surface areas thereof are smaller than 1 mm², still more preferably smaller than 0.5 mm² and even more preferably smaller than 0.01 mm². These relatively small surface areas of the portions of the neutralized sub-zone 2b ensure that the bulk amount of adhesive mass that can come into contact while sticking to an object is limited. This ensures that minimal adhesive residues remain behind on the object. In this way it is ensured that the recyclability of the object with the adhered label is improved. It has further been found that the recycling process is more energetically advantageous in that it is already possible to wash off the labels at lower temperatures of below 50°C and even at or below 40°C.

EXAMPLES

The above stated advantages will be demonstrated in the following non-imitative examples.

EXAMPLE 1

Four types of test label were manufactured, particularly T1, T2, T3 and T4, along with comparative examples V1 and V2. These labels have the following components:

The base layer is a PE film with a thickness of 61 µm. The carrier is a glassine backing paper with a thickness of 52 µm.

For the test labels T1-T4 use was made of an acrylic- and water-based acrylic freezer adhesive which was provided on the base layer as a continuous adhesive layer. The comparative examples V1 and V2 have adhesives with respectively a high and low first adhesive force, without a second zone being provided. The high adhesive force of the first zone in V1 provided for such a functional use but could not be washed off at 40°C, and left behind adhesive residues. V2 with the low adhesive force could be washed off more readily and left behind fewer adhesive residues than VI, but had an undesirable functional use.
A second zone was provided on the continuous adhesive layer of the test labels T1-T3 using a "flexographic printing process", wherein a determined printing block was used for each type of form structure. Using different printing blocks, a neutralizing substance was applied at the position of the second zones for each type of the examples T1-T4 in the form of a hexagon pattern with a determined degree of second zone represented as "A2" and shown in table 1. A2 is here representative of the area of second zone over the total surface area of the adhesive layer. A neutralizing ink of the type UVAFLEX FCM Y81 was used as neutralizing substance. This ink is available through Zeller & Gmelin GmbH.
The base layer with the adhesive layer on which the neutralizing substance is provided was placed and laminated onto the carrier. After the carrier was removed, the test labels were placed with their adhesive side on a test packaging. The test packaging used for this purpose is a PE bottle.

The following aspects were examined: "functional adhesive force", "washability at 40°C", "remaining adhesive residue". The results hereof are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Example label	A2	Functional adhesive force	Washability at 40 °C	Adhesive residue
Example label	A2
V1	-	++	---	---
V2	-	---	+	+-
T1 (Hard)	45 %	++	+	++
T2 (Touch)	55 %	++	+	++
T3 (Smooth)	65 %	++	++	++
T4 (Soft)	75 %	+	+++	+++

The functional adhesive force was examined by exposing the PE bottle to water by spraying the test label with cold water so as to simulate "rain". The resulting adhesive force of the label was examined. +++ represents here an adhesive force at which the label remained neatly on the packaging and --- represents an adhesive force at which the label was no longer suitable for a functional use.
The washability at 40°C was examined by placing the PE bottle with the test labels in a washing drum and exposing it for a period of 15 minutes to a water mass at 40°C and a determined degree of agitation by the rotation of the washing drum. +++ here represents the label coming loose easily and --- represents the label remaining on the packaging. The adhesive residues were examined optically after the PE bottle had gone through the above described washing drum process. +++ here represents no adhesive residue and --- an undesirable degree of adhesive residue.
The skilled person will appreciate on the basis of the above description that the invention can be embodied in different ways and on the basis of different principles. The invention is not limited to the above described embodiments. The above described embodiments and the figures are purely illustrative and serve only to increase understanding of the invention. The invention will not therefore be limited to the embodiments described herein, but is defined in the claims.

EXAMPLE 2

This example will demonstrate that packagings with a label as described here have "good recyclability". The following conditions were examined here:

1) The packaging is composed so as to be collected by authorized waste collectors.
2) The packaging is sorted into predefined flows for recycling processes.
3) The material is processed and reclaimed as a raw material on an industrial scale in a recycling process.
4) The reclaimed raw material has a homogeneous composition and can be used in the production of new packagings or products.

It has been found here that existing labels already fail at condition 3 and therefore have only "limited recyclability". It has been found that existing labels end up in a mixed flow (mixture of various plastic types) during recycling, this at the expense of the recyclability. For instance because adhesive residues remain behind on the packaging material. This makes it challenging to reclaim the packaging material in pure form.
The embodiments as described here provide an improvement in that the labels, including the adhesive layer, are separated substantially wholly from the packaging material.

Determined embodiments, as described above, are additionally configured so that the separation of label, adhesive residues and the packaging material can surprisingly also be provided at a washing temperature below 60°C, even below 50°C and below 45°C, and even 40°C or below 40°C, and that the labels can thereby be deemed "cold washable".

Table 2

Packaging & Label type	A2, neutralization percentage	Recycling conditions				Cold/lukewarm washable
Packaging & Label type	A2, neutralization percentage	1	2	3	4	Analysis according to protocol^∗
V1	-	+	+	/	/	No
V2	-	+	+	/	/	No
T1 (Hard)	45 %	+	+	+	/	Limited
T2 (Touch)	55 %	+	+	+	++	Yes
T3 (Smooth)	65 %	+	+	+	+	Fair
T4 (Soft)	75 %	+	+	+	/	Limited

The washable property of the label was determined according to the following testing protocol^∗:
Step 1. Container properties:

1.1.Determining packaging properties by inspection.
1.2.Taking a photograph of the side of the label where adhesive was applied.

Step

2.1.Cutting the packaging with the label closely around the label in order to create the test sample with a minimum quantity of 100 g (receptacle + label).
2.2.Identifying and weighing the test sample (A) and weighing a blank container (x).

3.1.Shredding the test sample into 20 mm chips.
3.2.Weighing the sample (H) after shredding and taking a photograph.
3.3.Collecting the material losses from the shredding machine and weighing the shredding losses (F).

Table 3

Quantifying the type of flake after shredding	Letter
Container+label flakes	I
Label flakes	J
Container flakes	K
Container with adhesive flakes	L
Hidden chips (chips stuck together)	M
Fine substances	N
Total (typically equal to the weight in grams of the shredded sample, H)	=I+J+K+L+M + N

Quantifying the losses of type of flake after shredding	Letter
Container+label flakes	O
Label flakes	P
Container flakes	Q
Container with adhesive flakes	R
Hidden chips (chips stuck together)	S
Fine substances	T
Totaal (typically equal to the number of grams of the shredded sample loss, letter F)	= O + P + Q + R + S + T

5.1. Collecting the shredded sample (H) in the washing net, wherein the quantity of sample amounts to 30% of the overall net volume.
5.2. Placing the sample in a washing machine with minimum water level and the temperature at T = 30 °C, with total washing time (residence time t) wherein t = 5 minutes.

Step

Table 4

Separating flakes and quantifying the dry sample	Letter
Dried sample	Y
Hidden chips (chips stuck together)	B
Container flakes	C
Label flakes	D
Packaging and label flakes	E
Container with adhesive flakes	U
Fine substances	V
Other losses	a
Total (typically equal to the weight in grams of the dried sample, letter Y)	= B + C + D + E + U + V

7.1. Visually inspecting the container chips for residual adhesive. Recognizing the adhesive residues if there are adhesive residues on the container chips.
7.2. Optional microscopic analysis to assess whether adhesive is still present on the plastic container chips and taking a photograph of the microscopic measurement.

Table 5

Separating flakes and quantifying the final sample	Letter
Cutting panels (step 1)	A
Hidden chips (chips stuck together)	B
Container flakes	C
Container flakes with adhesive	U
Label flakes	D
Packaging and label flakes	E
Loss due to shredding	F

Fine substances	G (wherein G = T+V)
Total (typically equal to the number of grams of the sample of the cut panels, letter A)	= B + C + D + E + F + G + N + X
Other losses (i.e. losses during the shredding process, reproducibility when weighing) If this percentage is higher than 3%, the measurement results and/or the examination was examined further, corrected and/or redone.	X wherein X = A - total = A - B + C + D + E + F + G + N + X

Table 6

Flake separation and quantification of the container flakes sample	Letter	Wherein	Percentage by weight
Total container at the start	Z	Z=A-P-D-Q-R
Container flakes	C		Percentage by weight of the container flakes (% by weight C- = C / Totaal
Container flakes with adhesive	W	W = U + L
Packaging and label flakes	E
Fine substances	G
Other losses	a
Total (typically equal to the number of grams of the sample of the cut packaging at the start, letter Z)	Total C + W + E + G + a )	Z typically equals C + W + E + G + a

Step

The percentage by weight (% by weight C) of the container flakes C is preferably higher than 70%, still more preferably higher than 80%, most preferably equal to or higher than 90%.
The percentage by weight (C) here equals C / (C + W + E + G + a).
On the basis of the result from the protocol a rating was given to the cold/lukewarm washability of the test samples.

Claims

Label (10) for adhering to an object (20), wherein the label has a base layer (11) with a rear side (12); and wherein the label comprises an adhesive layer (13) on the rear side, wherein the adhesive layer has a first zone (1) with a first adhesive force (k1) and has a plurality of second zones (2) with a second adhesive force (k2), wherein the second adhesive force is smaller than the first adhesive force and wherein the plurality of second zones are at least partially separated from each other by the first zone.
Label according to the foregoing claim, wherein the first zone is directly adjacent to the plurality of second zones, wherein the adhesive layer extends over a total surface area (A3) and the plurality of second zones together cover a second surface area (A2), wherein the second surface area (A2) is greater than 20% of the total surface area (A3).
Label according to any one of the foregoing claims, wherein substantially every second zone (2) comprises a non-neutralized sub-zone (2a) and a neutralized sub-zone (2b), wherein a surface area of the neutralized zone (2b) is at least 20% of the total surface area of the respective second zone (2), preferably at least 30%, still more preferably at least 40%, most preferably at least 50%.
Label according to the foregoing claim, wherein the surface area of the neutralized sub-zone (2b) is a maximum of 80% of the total surface area of the respective second zone (2), preferably a maximum of 70%, still more preferably a maximum of 60%.
Label according to any one of the claims 3-4, wherein the neutralized sub-zone (2b) is formed by a plurality of sub-zone portions (2b1, 2b2, 2b3), wherein each sub-zone portion has a maximum dimension smaller than 1 mm, preferably smaller than 0.5 mm, preferably smaller than 0.15 mm, more preferably smaller than 0.10 mm, most preferably smaller than 0.01 mm.
Label according to any one of the foregoing claims 3-5, wherein the neutralized sub-zone (2b) comprises a neutralizing substance, wherein the neutralizing substance is preferably an ink on the basis of acrylate, methacrylate or epoxy resin.
Label according to any one of the foregoing claims 3-6, wherein the neutralized sub-zone (2b) is arranged in a first pattern of polygons (2b1, 2b2, 2b3).
Label according to any one of the foregoing claims, wherein the plurality of second zones (2) are formed as islands and are surrounded at least partially by the first zone (1); wherein the first zone preferably surrounds the islands (2) of the plurality of second zones by at least 90%, preferably by substantially 100%.
Label according to any one of the foregoing claims, wherein the first zone (1) is formed as a path (4) which forms a network with branches, preferably in the form of one or more second patterns, still more preferably in the form of a hexagon pattern; and wherein the path has a length measured between two adjacent branches of the network and a width measured perpendicularly of the longitudinal direction; wherein the width is smaller than 60% of the length, still more preferably smaller than 50% of the length.
Label according to the foregoing claim, wherein the width of the path is smaller than 1 mm, preferably smaller than 0.5 mm, still more preferably smaller than 0.2 mm and most preferably smaller than 0.1 mm.
Method for manufacturing a washable label for adhering to an object, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
- providing a base layer (11);

- providing an adhesive layer (13) at the position of a rear side (12) of the base layer,
wherein the adhesive layer has a first zone (1) with a first adhesive force (k1) and has a plurality of second zones (2) with a second adhesive force (k2), wherein the second adhesive force is smaller than the first adhesive force and wherein the plurality of second zones are at least partially separated from each other by the first zone.
Method according to the foregoing claim, wherein the step of providing the adhesive layer comprises of:
- providing a substantially continuous adhesive layer with the first adhesive force and

- applying a neutralizing substance at the position of the plurality of second zones, such that substantially each second zone (2) comprises a non-neutralized sub-zone (2a) and a neutralized sub-zone (2b), wherein a surface area of the neutralized zone (2b) is at least 20% of the total surface area of the respective second zone (2), preferably at least 30%, still more preferably at least 40%, most preferably at least 50% of the total surface area of the respective second zone (2).
Method according to the foregoing claim, wherein the surface area of the neutralized sub-zone (2b) is a maximum of 80% of the total surface area of the respective second zone (2), preferably a maximum of 70%, still more preferably a maximum of 60%.
Method according to any one of the foregoing claims 12-13, wherein the neutralizing substance (73) is applied in a first pattern in the second zone in order to form a plurality of neutralized sub-zone portions of the neutralized sub-zone, wherein substantially every neutralized sub-zone portion has a maximum dimension which is smaller than 1 mm, preferably smaller than 0.5 mm, preferably smaller than 0.15 mm, more preferably smaller than 0.10 mm, most preferably smaller than 0.01 mm.
Method according to claim 12, wherein the step of providing the adhesive layer comprises of:
- applying the neutralizing substance such that the first zone (1) forms a path with branches, wherein the path preferably forms one or more second patterns, more preferably is hexagonal; wherein a width of the path is smaller than 1 mm, preferably smaller than 0.5 mm, still more preferably smaller than 0.2 mm and most preferably smaller than 0.1 mm.