EP4025445A1 - Powertrain unit having electrical machine and internal combustion engine; and method for operating a powertrain unit - Google Patents

Powertrain unit having electrical machine and internal combustion engine; and method for operating a powertrain unit

Info

Publication number
EP4025445A1
EP4025445A1 EP20756762.9A EP20756762A EP4025445A1 EP 4025445 A1 EP4025445 A1 EP 4025445A1 EP 20756762 A EP20756762 A EP 20756762A EP 4025445 A1 EP4025445 A1 EP 4025445A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transmission
gear
combustion engine
internal combustion
output
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20756762.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Markus Baehr
Götz Rathke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
Publication of EP4025445A1 publication Critical patent/EP4025445A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/18—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
    • B60W10/196—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems acting within the driveline, e.g. retarders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K2006/381—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches characterized by driveline brakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/202—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the type of Ravigneaux set
    • F16H2200/2023—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the type of Ravigneaux set using a Ravigneaux set with 4 connections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • Drive train unit with electrical machine and internal combustion engine; and a method for operating a drive train unit
  • the invention relates to a hybridized drive train unit with an electric machine (drive machine) and an internal combustion engine, the drive train unit being designed for use in a motor vehicle, such as a car, truck, bus or other commercial vehicle.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating this drive train unit.
  • a hybrid / hybridized drive train unit for a motor vehicle with a first sub-unit having an electrical machine and a second sub-unit having an internal combustion engine and a second sub-unit downstream of the internal combustion engine, the two sub-units on the output side / with their outputs via a common planetary gear , whose / of which planetary gear a ring gear is connected to at least one gear output of the powershift transmission, are coupled to an output.
  • this structure enables the two sub-units to be coupled to the output as directly as possible.
  • the internal combustion engine can be switched off in a simple manner, namely by holding the ring gear of the load shift transmission, which means that a purely electric drive can be selected as simply and directly as possible. Further advantageous designs are claimed with the subclaims and explained in more detail below.
  • a rotor shaft of the electrical machine is (preferably permanently) non-rotatably connected to a sun gear of the planetary gear and / or a planet carrier of the planetary gear is connected to the output ( preferably permanently) is connected.
  • a (first) brake preferably implemented as a claw brake, acts on the ring gear of the planetary gear, which holds the ring gear in its activated position relative to the gear housing of the powershift transmission, a simply constructed switching device is used to switch between a purely electric drive mode and a hybrid propulsion mode.
  • the load shift transmission has a Ravigneaux set or this Ravigneaux set directly bil det.
  • a ring gear of the powershift transmission is connected to the ring gear of the planetary gear. This results in a skilful direct coupling of the powershift transmission with the planetary gear.
  • an output shaft of the internal combustion engine has a first clutch (preferably designed as a dog clutch) with a first sun gear of the powershift transmission, a second clutch (preferably realized as a friction clutch) with a planetary carrier of the powershift transmission and / or a third clutch (preferably also realized as a friction clutch) can be connected to a second sun gear of the powershift transmission.
  • a first clutch preferably designed as a dog clutch
  • a second clutch preferably realized as a friction clutch
  • a third clutch preferably also realized as a friction clutch
  • a (second) brake (preferably implemented as a friction brake) is operatively connected to the first sun gear of the powershift transmission. This facilitates the controllability of the powershift transmission.
  • a (third) brake (preferably implemented as a friction brake before) is operatively connected to the planetary carrier of the powershift transmission. This makes it even easier to control the powershift transmission.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating a drive train unit according to the invention according to at least one of the above-described embodiments, wherein in a hybrid drive mode (preferably by opening / deactivating the first brake) the internal combustion engine via the powershift transmission, the ring gear of the planetary gear, in addition to a drive power transferred from the electric machine to the planetary gear, and in a purely electric drive mode (preferably by engaging / activating the first brake) only the electric machine transmits drive power to the planetary gearbox, while the gearbox output of the powershift gearbox is supported by the gearbox housing / is held.
  • a hybrid drive mode preferably by opening / deactivating the first brake
  • the internal combustion engine via the powershift transmission
  • the ring gear of the planetary gear in addition to a drive power transferred from the electric machine to the planetary gear
  • a purely electric drive mode preferably by engaging / activating the first brake
  • the internal combustion engine which is decoupled from the powershift transmission, is switched on first, and then, by means of a targeted slip operation, a (preferably previously in an open position) friction clutch (preferably the second or third clutch of the Ravigneaux set) a certain torque is built up in a claw brake holding the transmission output, then the claw brake is released / opened / deactivated and, in turn, a speed adjustment between the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and the transmission output takes place, whereupon the friction clutch is completely closed.
  • a friction clutch preferably the second or third clutch of the Ravigneaux set
  • the speed adjustment between the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and the transmission output takes place by adjusting the speed (the rotor shaft) of the electrical machine (preferably by setting a negative one Speed / by a generator operation), the switching process is carried out with as few resources as possible.
  • a friction clutch arranged between the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and a component of the powershift transmission (preferably previously in a closed position) is brought into a targeted slip mode and the speed of the transmission output is reduced, and then, after the speed of the transmission output has reached or fallen below a lower speed limit, a claw brake acting on the transmission input is closed / activated and the friction clutch is fully opened.
  • the output is preferably held fixed to the housing (for example by a further brake), while the transmission output and the electrical machine are coupled to one another via the planetary gear.
  • a drag torque of the internal combustion engine is preferably effectively increased by targeted tensioning in the powershift transmission (operation of a friction clutch in slip mode and when the dog brake is closed).
  • an electric drive train with an additively coupled range extender is implemented.
  • a branch with an electrical machine (first sub-unit) is coupled to an output via a planetary gear / planetary gear set.
  • the electric machine is preferably coupled to a sun wheel and the output is coupled to a planet carrier of this planetary gear set.
  • One branch of an internal combustion engine (second subunit) also has a power shift transmission.
  • One output (transmission output) of the powershift transmission is connected to a ring gear of the planetary gear set.
  • a claw brake is activated / engaged so that the ring gear is relatively Nem gear housing is fixed in order to keep the internal combustion engine in a stationary state.
  • the dog brake is released / deactivated so that the internal combustion engine is operated in a rotating state.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a drive train according to the invention, in which a coupling of two branches equipped with an electrical machine or an internal combustion engine and an output via a planetary gear can be clearly seen, as well as
  • FIG. 2 shows a more detailed illustration of the drive train unit according to FIG. 1, the internal structure of a powershift transmission connected downstream of the internal combustion engine being recognizable.
  • the drive train unit 1 shows a drive train unit 1 according to the invention, implemented according to a preferred exemplary embodiment, in its basic structure.
  • the drive train unit 1 is used during operation to implement a purely electric drive mode in which only an electric machine 2 delivers drive power to a drive 10, and a hybrid drive mode in which an internal combustion engine 4 together with the electric machine 2 supplies drive power output the output 10.
  • the drive train unit 1 typically has two branches, hereinafter referred to as sub-units 3, 6.
  • a first subunit 3 has the electrical machine 2.
  • the electric machine 2 is typically with a stator fixed to the housing, not shown for the sake of clarity, and a stator relative to the stator is equipped with a rotatable rotor.
  • a coming out of the electrical Ma machine 2 the first subunit 3 with forming rotor shaft 11 is rotationally test connected to the rotor and shown in simplified form in the figures.
  • the rotor shaft 11 runs from the electric machine 2 to a planetary gear 7.
  • a second subunit 6 of the drive train unit 1 has an internal combustion engine 4 as well as a power shift gear 5 connected downstream of the internal combustion engine 4.
  • the internal combustion engine 4 is connected / can be coupled with its output shaft 18 to an input 28 of the powershift transmission 5.
  • the Lastschaltge gear 5 is connected downstream of the internal combustion engine 4 and runs with its gear output 9 to the planetary gear 7.
  • the two sub-units 3, 6 are coupled to an output 10 via the common planetary gear 7, implemented here as a single-stage planetary gear / planetary gear set with only one planetary gear set.
  • the output 10 is implemented, for example, as a shaft and merges into a differential gear.
  • the first sub-unit 3 / the rotor shaft 11 is directly connected to the sun gear 12 of the planetary gear 7 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the load shift transmission 5 is connected with its transmission output 9 to a ring gear 8 of the planetary gear 7.
  • a planet carrier 13 of the planetary gear 7 is directly connected to the output 10.
  • a plurality of planet gears 27 of the planetary gear 7, which are arranged distributed in the circumferential direction, are rotatably supported on the planet carrier 13 and in meshing engagement with the ring gear 8 and the sun gear 12.
  • a first Brake 14 available to switch the drive train unit 1 between a purely electrical drive mode, in which the electrical machine 2 drives the output 10, and a hybrid drive mode in which both the electrical machine 2 and the internal combustion engine 4 drive the output 10, a first Brake 14 available.
  • This first brake 14 is implemented as a claw brake.
  • the first brake 14 interacts with the gear output 9 / the ring gear 8 of the planetary gear 7. men.
  • the first brake 14 consequently holds in its activated position the Geretes gear 9 / the ring gear 8 of the planetary gear 7 (relative to a gear housing 15) firmly (to implement the pure electric drive mode); In its deactivated position, it enables the ring gear 8 / the transmission output 9 to rotate (to implement the hybrid drive mode).
  • the powershift transmission 5 is implemented as a Ravigneaux set 16.
  • the powershift transmission 5 is therefore implemented as a manual transmission, here as a planetary gear.
  • the powershift transmission 5 is also implemented as a CVT transmission.
  • the powershift transmission 5 has a common ring gear 17.
  • the ring gear 17 directly forms the gear output 9 and is permanently connected to the ring gear 8 of the planetary gear 7 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • a common planet carrier 22 of the powershift transmission 5 takes several planet gears, not shown here, for the sake of clarity, on rotating bar.
  • a first set of planet gears is located with a first sun gear
  • a second set of planet gears is in mesh with a second sun gear 24 and the ring gear 17.
  • the Pla designated wheels of both sets are dimensioned differently, to implement under different translations 12, h between the respective sun gear 20, 24 and the ring gear 17 rotatably mounted on the common planet carrier 22 (11 denotes net in Fig. 2, a translation of the planetary gear 7).
  • the output shaft 18 can be coupled via several different clutches 19, 21 and 23 with the individual components of the powershift transmission 5 besides.
  • a first clutch 19 is arranged between the output shaft 18 / the input 28 of the powershift transmission 5 and the first sun gear 20. This first clutch 19 is implemented as a claw clutch.
  • a second clutch 19 is implemented as a claw clutch.
  • the third clutch 23 is also implemented as a friction clutch.
  • a brake 25, 26 acts both on the first sun gear 20 and on the planet carrier 22.
  • a second brake 25 implemented as a friction clutch acts on first sun gear 20.
  • a simple transmission chain with a planetary gear set (planetary gear 7) is selected for the electric motor branch (first subunit 3) of the drive train 1.
  • the electric motor (electric machine 2) is preferably connected to the sun gear 12 and the output 10 is connected to the planet carrier 13.
  • the internal combustion engine branch (second subunit 6) consists of the internal combustion engine 4 and a power shift transmission (powershift transmission 5), the output 9 of which is connected to the ring gear 8 of the planetary set 7.
  • This linking of the planetary gear set 7, also referred to below as the coupling planetary gear set allows a higher electric motor speed and thus a smaller installation space for the electric motor 2 to be used.
  • the coupling of the two drive train branches 3, 6 via the Kop pel planetary set 7 results in a speed-additive connection of the two branches 3, 6.
  • the moments of the electric motor branch 3, the internal combustion engine branch 6 and the output 10 form a torque equilibrium, the speeds can be set differently.
  • an E mode (/ purely electric drive mode) the ring gear 8 of the coupling planetary gear set 7 is connected to the transmission housing 15 in a rotationally fixed manner via a claw brake 14.
  • the internal combustion engine branch 6 is here, so that no unnecessary losses arise. In this mode the vehicle behaves like a pure electric vehicle.
  • hybrid mode hybrid drive mode
  • Starting the internal combustion engine 4 from the drive train This can be carried out with a probably noticeable modulation of the output torque.
  • a starter is therefore preferably provided on the internal combustion engine 4.
  • the internal combustion engine branch 6 there is either a gearbox 5 or possibly also a CVT in order to support sufficiently high output torques on the one hand. to be able to zen, and on the other hand to enable generator operation of the electric motor 2 even at high vehicle speeds (negative electric motor speed with positive electric motor torque).
  • a power shift capability of the transmission 5 is preferable for reasons of convenience.
  • the term powershift transmission 5 is therefore used in the following.
  • the required gear ratio spread is smaller than with a purely internal combustion engine vehicle or with a parallel hybrid drive with torque-additive coupling of the two branches.
  • the lowest gear does not need to protect the starting clutch.
  • the corresponding “slip” is mapped to the electric motor 2 via the coupling tarpaulin set 7 and is used here as input power for the generator. Due to the smaller overall spread, a smaller number of gear steps can also be sufficient.
  • at least one friction clutch is required in the internal combustion engine drive train in order to be able to switch between E mode and hybrid mode under load.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a Ravigneaux planetary set 16 with three clutches 19, 21, 23 and two brakes 25, 26.
  • the brakes 25, 26 and two of the clutches 21, 23 are for a simple power shiftable transmission in the internal combustion engine drive train branch 6 thereby friction clutches or brakes.
  • a coupling 19 can also be implemented as a space-saving claw coupling. This means that four forward gears and one reverse gear can be implemented.
  • Power shifts in the transmission 5 are implemented as usual in a transmission-typical manner, whereby a change in the electric motor speed can also be used here in the synchronous phases of the shifts to support the speed adjustment in order to minimize the friction energies occurring in the friction elements.
  • the usual vibration dampers DMF; centrifugal pendulum, (7) can be used. Switching between electric driving (E-Mode) and hybrid driving (Hybrid-Mode) is similar to starting off on a hill in a conventional drive train.
  • hybrid mode takes place in reverse order: Slip build-up on the friction element in the transmission 5 to lower the speed of the ring gear 8 in the coupling planetary set 7 (transmission output 9). If this speed is sufficiently low, the claw brake 14 can be engaged and the friction element opened. If recuperation is to take place in hybrid mode (recovery of kinetic energy from the vehicle), the small drag torque of the internal combustion engine 4 can be effectively increased by targeted tensioning in the powershift transmission 5. As a result, higher electric motor torques in the moment equilibrium on the coupling planetary set 7 are also possible. However, it is better to switch to E-mode, since no kinetic energy is used here to “heat” friction elements, but rather more energy can actually be recuperated in the electric motor 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a hybridised powertrain unit (1) for a motor vehicle, with a first part-unit (3) having an electrical machine (2) and with a second part-unit (6) having an internal combustion engine (4) and a powershift transmission (5) connected downstream of the internal combustion engine (4), wherein the two part-units (3, 6) are coupled on the output side to an output drive (10) via a joint planetary gearbox (7), the ring gear (8) of which is connected to a transmission output (9) of the powershift transmission (5). The invention also relates to a method for operating said powertrain unit (1).

Description

Antriebsstranqeinheit mit elektrischer Maschine und Verbrennunqskraftma- schine; sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Antriebsstranqeinheit Drive train unit with electrical machine and internal combustion engine; and a method for operating a drive train unit
Die Erfindung betrifft eine hybridisierte Antriebsstrangeinheit mit einer elektrischen Maschine (Antriebsmaschine) sowie einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, wobei die An triebsstrangeinheit für den Einsatz in einem Kraftfahrzeug, wie einem Pkw, Lkw, Bus oder sonstigen Nutzfahrzeug, ausgebildet ist. Auch betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben dieser Antriebsstrangeinheit. The invention relates to a hybridized drive train unit with an electric machine (drive machine) and an internal combustion engine, the drive train unit being designed for use in a motor vehicle, such as a car, truck, bus or other commercial vehicle. The invention also relates to a method for operating this drive train unit.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Antriebsstrangeinheit zur Verfügung zu stellen, die einen möglichst schleppverlustfreien Antrieb in einem rein elektrischen Antriebsmodus erlaubt und zugleich möglichst kompakt, vor allem axial kurzbauend, realisiert ist. Zu gleich soll es möglich sein, ein durch die Verbrennungskraftmaschine erzeugtes, rela tiv hohes Moment an den Abtrieb zu übertragen. Auch sollte ein Standladen ermög licht sein. It is the object of the invention to provide a drive train unit which allows a drive with as little drag loss as possible in a purely electric drive mode and at the same time is as compact as possible, especially axially short. At the same time it should be possible to transmit a relatively high torque generated by the internal combustion engine to the output. Stand charging should also be possible.
Dies wird erfindungsgemäß durch den Gegenstand des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Demnach ist eine hybride / hybridisierte Antriebsstrangeinheit für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einer eine elektrische Maschine aufweisenden ersten Teileinheit und einer eine Verbrennungs kraftmaschine sowie ein der Verbrennungskraftmaschine nachgeschaltetes Last schaltgetriebe aufweisenden zweiten Teileinheit vorgesehen, wobei die beiden Tei leinheiten ausgangsseitig / mit ihren Ausgängen über ein gemeinsames Planetenge triebe, dessen / von welchem Planetengetriebe ein Hohlrad zumindest mit einem Ge triebeausgang des Lastschaltgetriebes verbunden ist, mit einem Abtrieb gekoppelt sind. This is achieved according to the invention by the subject matter of claim 1. Accordingly, a hybrid / hybridized drive train unit is provided for a motor vehicle with a first sub-unit having an electrical machine and a second sub-unit having an internal combustion engine and a second sub-unit downstream of the internal combustion engine, the two sub-units on the output side / with their outputs via a common planetary gear , whose / of which planetary gear a ring gear is connected to at least one gear output of the powershift transmission, are coupled to an output.
Durch diesen Aufbau wird zum einen eine möglichst direkte Koppelung der beiden Teileinheiten mit dem Abtrieb ermöglicht. Zum anderen kann die Verbrennungskraft maschine auf einfache Weise, nämlich durch Festhalten des Hohlrades des Last schaltgetriebes, abgeschaltet werden, wodurch erreicht wird, dass ein rein elektrischer Antrieb möglichst einfach und direkt gewählt werden kann. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungen sind mit den Unteransprüchen beansprucht und nachfolgend näher erläutert. On the one hand, this structure enables the two sub-units to be coupled to the output as directly as possible. On the other hand, the internal combustion engine can be switched off in a simple manner, namely by holding the ring gear of the load shift transmission, which means that a purely electric drive can be selected as simply and directly as possible. Further advantageous designs are claimed with the subclaims and explained in more detail below.
Für eine effektive Anbindung des Planetengetriebes an die elektrische Maschine und den Abtrieb ist es des Weiteren zweckmäßig, wenn eine Rotorwelle der elektrischen Maschine (vorzugsweise permanent) drehfest mit einem Sonnenrad des Planetenge triebes verbunden ist und/oder ein Planetenträger des Planetengetriebes mit dem Ab trieb (vorzugsweise permanent) verbunden ist. For an effective connection of the planetary gear to the electrical machine and the output, it is also useful if a rotor shaft of the electrical machine is (preferably permanently) non-rotatably connected to a sun gear of the planetary gear and / or a planet carrier of the planetary gear is connected to the output ( preferably permanently) is connected.
Wirkt auf das Hohlrad des Planetengetriebes eine (erste) Bremse, vorzugsweise als eine Klauenbremse realisiert, die in ihrer aktivierten Stellung das Hohlrad relativ zu ei nem Getriebegehäuse des Lastschaltgetriebes festhält, ein, wird eine einfach aufge baute Umschalteinrichtung zum Umschalten zwischen einem rein elektrischen An triebsmodus und einem hybriden Antriebsmodus zur Verfügung gestellt. If a (first) brake, preferably implemented as a claw brake, acts on the ring gear of the planetary gear, which holds the ring gear in its activated position relative to the gear housing of the powershift transmission, a simply constructed switching device is used to switch between a purely electric drive mode and a hybrid propulsion mode.
Für einen möglichst einfachen Aufbau ist es auch zuträglich, wenn das Lastschaltge triebe einen Ravigneaux-Satz aufweist oder diesen Ravigneaux-Satz unmittelbar bil det. For the simplest possible structure, it is also beneficial if the load shift transmission has a Ravigneaux set or this Ravigneaux set directly bil det.
Des Weiteren ist es von Vorteil, wenn ein Hohlrad des Lastschaltgetriebes mit dem Hohlrad des Planetengetriebes verbunden ist. Dadurch ergibt sich eine geschickte di rekte Koppelung des Lastschaltgetriebes mit dem Planetengetriebe. It is also advantageous if a ring gear of the powershift transmission is connected to the ring gear of the planetary gear. This results in a skilful direct coupling of the powershift transmission with the planetary gear.
Vorteilhaft ist es zudem, wenn eine Ausgangswelle der Verbrennungskraftmaschine über eine erste Kupplung (vorzugsweise ausgebildet als Klauenkupplung) mit einem ersten Sonnenrad des Lastschaltgetriebes, über eine zweite Kupplung (vorzugsweise als eine Reibkupplung realisiert) mit einem Planetenträger des Lastschaltgetriebes und/oder über eine dritte Kupplung (vorzugsweise ebenfalls als Reibkupplung reali siert) mit einem zweiten Sonnenrad des Lastschaltgetriebes verbindbar ist. It is also advantageous if an output shaft of the internal combustion engine has a first clutch (preferably designed as a dog clutch) with a first sun gear of the powershift transmission, a second clutch (preferably realized as a friction clutch) with a planetary carrier of the powershift transmission and / or a third clutch (preferably also realized as a friction clutch) can be connected to a second sun gear of the powershift transmission.
Des Weiteren ist es von Vorteil, wenn eine (zweite) Bremse (vorzugsweise als Reib bremse realisiert) mit dem ersten Sonnenrad des Lastschaltgetriebes wirkverbunden ist. Dadurch wird die Ansteuerbarkeit des Lastschaltgetriebes erleichtert. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es auch zweckmäßig, wenn eine (dritte) Bremse (vor zugsweise als Reibbremse realisiert) mit dem Planetenträger des Lastschaltgetriebes wirkverbunden ist. Dadurch wird die Ansteuerbarkeit des Lastschaltgetriebes noch mals erleichtert. It is also advantageous if a (second) brake (preferably implemented as a friction brake) is operatively connected to the first sun gear of the powershift transmission. This facilitates the controllability of the powershift transmission. In this context, it is also useful if a (third) brake (preferably implemented as a friction brake before) is operatively connected to the planetary carrier of the powershift transmission. This makes it even easier to control the powershift transmission.
Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer erfindungsge mäßen Antriebsstrangeinheit nach zumindest einer der zuvor beschriebenen Ausfüh rungen, wobei in einem hybriden Antriebsmodus (vorzugsweise durch Öffnen / Deakti vieren der ersten Bremse) die Verbrennungskraftmaschine über das Lastschaltge triebe das Hohlrad des Planetengetriebes, zusätzlich zu einer von der elektrischen Maschine auf das Planetengetriebe übertragenen Antriebsleistung, antreibt, und in ei nem rein elektrischen Antriebsmodus (vorzugsweise durch Schließen / Aktivieren der ersten Bremse) ausschließlich die elektrische Maschine Antriebsleistung auf das Pla netengetriebe überträgt, während der Getriebeausgang des Lastschaltgetriebes ge triebegehäusefest abgestützt / gehalten ist. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a drive train unit according to the invention according to at least one of the above-described embodiments, wherein in a hybrid drive mode (preferably by opening / deactivating the first brake) the internal combustion engine via the powershift transmission, the ring gear of the planetary gear, in addition to a drive power transferred from the electric machine to the planetary gear, and in a purely electric drive mode (preferably by engaging / activating the first brake) only the electric machine transmits drive power to the planetary gearbox, while the gearbox output of the powershift gearbox is supported by the gearbox housing / is held.
In diesem Zusammenhang ist es weiterhin von Vorteil, wenn zum Wechsel von dem rein elektrischen Antriebsmodus in den hybriden Antriebsmodus zunächst die von dem Lastschaltgetriebe abgekoppelte Verbrennungskraftmaschine angeschaltet wird, anschließend durch einen gezielten Schlupfbetrieb einer zwischen einer Ausgangs welle der Verbrennungskraftmaschine und einem Bestandteil des Lastschaltgetriebes angeordneten (vorzugsweise zuvor in einer geöffneten Stellung befindlichen) Reib kupplung (vorzugsweise die zweite oder dritte Kupplung des Ravigneaux-Satzes) ein bestimmtes Moment in einer den Getriebeausgang festhaltenden Klauenbremse auf gebaut wird, anschließend die Klauenbremse gelöst / geöffnet / deaktiviert wird und wiederum anschließend eine Drehzahlanpassung zwischen der Ausgangswelle der Verbrennungskraftmaschine und dem Getriebeausgang erfolgt, woraufhin die Reib kupplung vollständig geschlossen wird. In this context, it is also advantageous if, in order to switch from the purely electric drive mode to the hybrid drive mode, the internal combustion engine, which is decoupled from the powershift transmission, is switched on first, and then, by means of a targeted slip operation, a ( preferably previously in an open position) friction clutch (preferably the second or third clutch of the Ravigneaux set) a certain torque is built up in a claw brake holding the transmission output, then the claw brake is released / opened / deactivated and, in turn, a speed adjustment between the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and the transmission output takes place, whereupon the friction clutch is completely closed.
Erfolgt die Drehzahlanpassung zwischen der Ausgangswelle der Verbrennungskraft maschine und dem Getriebeausgang durch ein Anpassen der Drehzahl (der Rotor welle) der elektrischen Maschine (vorzugsweise durch ein Einstellen einer negativen Drehzahl / durch einen Generator-Betrieb), wird der Umschaltvorgang mit möglichst wenigen Mitteln durchgeführt. The speed adjustment between the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and the transmission output takes place by adjusting the speed (the rotor shaft) of the electrical machine (preferably by setting a negative one Speed / by a generator operation), the switching process is carried out with as few resources as possible.
Des Weiteren ist es von Vorteil, wenn bei einem Wechsel von dem hybriden Antriebs modus in den rein elektrischen Antriebsmodus eine zwischen der Ausgangswelle der Verbrennungskraftmaschine und einem Bestandteil des Lastschaltgetriebes angeord nete (vorzugsweise zuvor in einer geschlossenen Stellung befindlichen) Reibkupplung in einen gezielten Schlupfbetrieb verbracht wird und die Drehzahl des Getriebeaus gangs reduziert wird, und anschließend, nachdem die Drehzahl des Getriebeaus gangs einen unteren Drehzahlgrenzwert erreicht oder unterschritten hat, eine auf den Getriebeeingang einwirkende Klauenbremse geschlossen / aktiviert wird und die Reib kupplung vollständig geöffnet wird. Furthermore, it is advantageous if, when changing from the hybrid drive mode to the purely electric drive mode, a friction clutch arranged between the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and a component of the powershift transmission (preferably previously in a closed position) is brought into a targeted slip mode and the speed of the transmission output is reduced, and then, after the speed of the transmission output has reached or fallen below a lower speed limit, a claw brake acting on the transmission input is closed / activated and the friction clutch is fully opened.
Des Weiteren wird in einem Standladebetriebsmodus vorzugsweise der Abtrieb (bspw. durch eine weitere Bremse) gehäusefest festgehalten, während der Getriebe ausgang und die elektrische Maschine über das Planetengetriebe miteinander gekop pelt sind. Furthermore, in a stationary charging operating mode, the output is preferably held fixed to the housing (for example by a further brake), while the transmission output and the electrical machine are coupled to one another via the planetary gear.
Für eine Rekuperation im hybriden Antriebsmodus wird vorzugsweise ein Schleppmo ment der Verbrennungskraftmaschine durch eine gezielte Verspannung im Lastschalt getriebe (Betreiben einer Reibkupplung im Schlupfbetrieb sowie bei geschlossener Klauenbremse) effektiv erhöht. For recuperation in the hybrid drive mode, a drag torque of the internal combustion engine is preferably effectively increased by targeted tensioning in the powershift transmission (operation of a friction clutch in slip mode and when the dog brake is closed).
In anderen Worten ausgedrückt, ist erfindungsgemäß ein E-Triebstrang mit drehzahl additiv gekoppeltem Range-Extender realisiert. Ein Zweig mit einer elektrischen Ma schine (erste Teileinheit) wird über ein Planetengetriebe / einen Planetenradsatz an einen Abtrieb gekoppelt. Vorzugsweise sind die elektrische Maschine an ein Sonnen rad und der Abtrieb an einen Planetenträger dieses Planetenradsatzes gekoppelt. Ein Zweig einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine (zweite Teileinheit) weist zusätzlich ein Last schaltgetriebe auf. Ein Ausgang (Getriebeausgang) des Lastschaltgetriebes ist mit ei nem Hohlrad des Planetenradsatzes verbunden. In einem rein elektrischen Antriebs modus ist eine Klauenbremse aktiviert / in Eingriff, sodass das Hohlrad relativ zu ei- nem Getriebegehäuse fixiert ist, um die Verbrennungskraftmaschine in einem statio nären Zustand zu halten. In einem hybriden Antriebsmodus ist die Klauenbremse ge löst / deaktiviert, sodass die Verbrennungskraftmaschine in einem rotierenden Zu stand betrieben wird. In other words, according to the invention, an electric drive train with an additively coupled range extender is implemented. A branch with an electrical machine (first sub-unit) is coupled to an output via a planetary gear / planetary gear set. The electric machine is preferably coupled to a sun wheel and the output is coupled to a planet carrier of this planetary gear set. One branch of an internal combustion engine (second subunit) also has a power shift transmission. One output (transmission output) of the powershift transmission is connected to a ring gear of the planetary gear set. In a purely electric drive mode, a claw brake is activated / engaged so that the ring gear is relatively Nem gear housing is fixed in order to keep the internal combustion engine in a stationary state. In a hybrid drive mode, the dog brake is released / deactivated so that the internal combustion engine is operated in a rotating state.
Die Erfindung wird nun nachfolgend anhand von Figuren näher erläutert. The invention is now explained in more detail below with reference to figures.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Antriebsstran geinheit, in der eine Koppelung zweier mit einer elektrischen Maschine bzw. einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine ausgestatteter Zweige und eines Abtriebs über ein Planetengetriebe gut zu erkennen ist, sowie 1 shows a schematic representation of a drive train according to the invention, in which a coupling of two branches equipped with an electrical machine or an internal combustion engine and an output via a planetary gear can be clearly seen, as well as
Fig. 2 eine detailliertere Darstellung der Antriebsstrangeinheit nach Fig. 1 , wobei der innere Aufbau eines der Verbrennungskraftmaschine nachgeschalteten Lastschaltgetriebes zu erkennen ist. FIG. 2 shows a more detailed illustration of the drive train unit according to FIG. 1, the internal structure of a powershift transmission connected downstream of the internal combustion engine being recognizable.
Die Figuren sind lediglich schematischer Natur und dienen daher ausschließlich dem Verständnis der Erfindung. Die gleichen Elemente sind mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen. The figures are merely of a schematic nature and are therefore used exclusively for understanding the invention. The same elements are provided with the same reference symbols.
In Fig. 1 ist eine erfindungsgemäße nach einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel um gesetzte Antriebsstrangeinheit 1 in ihrem prinzipiellen Aufbau gezeigt. Die Antriebs strangeinheit 1 dient im Betrieb zum Umsetzen eines rein elektrischen Antriebsmodus, in dem ausschließlich eine elektrische Maschine 2 eine Antriebsleistung auf einen Ab trieb 10 abgibt, sowie eines hybriden Antriebsmodus, in dem eine Verbrennungskraft maschine 4 zusammen mit der elektrischen Maschine 2 eine Antriebsleistung auf den Abtrieb 10 abgeben. 1 shows a drive train unit 1 according to the invention, implemented according to a preferred exemplary embodiment, in its basic structure. The drive train unit 1 is used during operation to implement a purely electric drive mode in which only an electric machine 2 delivers drive power to a drive 10, and a hybrid drive mode in which an internal combustion engine 4 together with the electric machine 2 supplies drive power output the output 10.
Die Antriebsstrangeinheit 1 weist auf typische Weise zwei Zweige, nachfolgend als Teileinheiten 3, 6 bezeichnet, auf. Eine erste Teileinheit 3 weist die elektrische Ma schine 2 auf. Die elektrische Maschine 2 ist dabei auf typische Weise mit einem der Übersichtlichkeit halber nicht dargestellten gehäusefesten Stator und einem relativ zu dem Stator verdrehbar gelagerten Rotor ausgestattet. Eine aus der elektrischen Ma schine 2 hinaustretende, die erste Teileinheit 3 mit ausbildende Rotorwelle 11 ist dreh test mit dem Rotor verbunden und in den Figuren vereinfacht abgebildet. Die Rotor welle 11 verläuft von der elektrischen Maschine 2 zu einem Planetengetriebe 7 hin. The drive train unit 1 typically has two branches, hereinafter referred to as sub-units 3, 6. A first subunit 3 has the electrical machine 2. The electric machine 2 is typically with a stator fixed to the housing, not shown for the sake of clarity, and a stator relative to the stator is equipped with a rotatable rotor. A coming out of the electrical Ma machine 2, the first subunit 3 with forming rotor shaft 11 is rotationally test connected to the rotor and shown in simplified form in the figures. The rotor shaft 11 runs from the electric machine 2 to a planetary gear 7.
Eine zweite Teileinheit 6 der Antriebsstrangeinheit 1 weist eine Verbrennungskraftma schine 4 sowie ein der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 4 nachgeschaltetes Lastschaltge triebe 5 auf. Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine 4 ist mit ihrer Ausgangswelle 18 mit ei nem Eingang 28 des Lastschaltgetriebes 5 verbunden / koppelbar. Das Lastschaltge triebe 5 ist der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 4 nachgeschaltet und verläuft mit seinem Getriebeausgang 9 zu dem Planetengetriebe 7 hin. A second subunit 6 of the drive train unit 1 has an internal combustion engine 4 as well as a power shift gear 5 connected downstream of the internal combustion engine 4. The internal combustion engine 4 is connected / can be coupled with its output shaft 18 to an input 28 of the powershift transmission 5. The Lastschaltge gear 5 is connected downstream of the internal combustion engine 4 and runs with its gear output 9 to the planetary gear 7.
Erfindungsgemäß sind die beiden Teileinheiten 3, 6 über das gemeinsame Planeten getriebe 7, hier als ein einstufiges Planetengetriebes / ein Planetengetriebe mit nur ei nem Planetenradsatz umgesetzt, mit einem Abtrieb 10 gekoppelt. Der Abtrieb 10 ist beispielsweise als Welle realisiert und geht in ein Differenzialgetriebe über. According to the invention, the two sub-units 3, 6 are coupled to an output 10 via the common planetary gear 7, implemented here as a single-stage planetary gear / planetary gear set with only one planetary gear set. The output 10 is implemented, for example, as a shaft and merges into a differential gear.
Auch ist in Fig. 1 zu erkennen, dass die erste Teileinheit 3 / die Rotorwelle 11 direkt drehfest mit dem Sonnenrad 12 des Planetengetriebes 7 verbunden ist. Das Last schaltgetriebe 5 ist mit seinem Getriebeausgang 9 mit einem Hohlrad 8 des Planeten getriebes 7 verbunden. Ein Planetenträger 13 des Planetengetriebes 7 ist unmittelbar mit dem Abtrieb 10 verbunden. Auf typische Weise sind mehrere in Umfangsrichtung verteilt angeordnete Planetenräder 27 des Planetengetriebes 7 drehbar auf dem Pla netenträger 13 gelagert und in Zahneingriff mit dem Hohlrad 8 sowie dem Sonnenrad 12. It can also be seen in FIG. 1 that the first sub-unit 3 / the rotor shaft 11 is directly connected to the sun gear 12 of the planetary gear 7 in a rotationally fixed manner. The load shift transmission 5 is connected with its transmission output 9 to a ring gear 8 of the planetary gear 7. A planet carrier 13 of the planetary gear 7 is directly connected to the output 10. Typically, a plurality of planet gears 27 of the planetary gear 7, which are arranged distributed in the circumferential direction, are rotatably supported on the planet carrier 13 and in meshing engagement with the ring gear 8 and the sun gear 12.
Zum Umschalten der Antriebsstrangeinheit 1 zwischen einem reinen elektrischen An triebsmodus, in dem rein die elektrische Maschine 2 den Abtrieb 10 antreibt, und ei nem hybriden Antriebsmodus, in dem sowohl die elektrische Maschine 2 als auch die Verbrennungskraftmaschine 4 den Abtrieb 10 antreiben, ist eine erste Bremse 14 vor handen. Diese erste Bremse 14 ist als Klauenbremse realisiert. Die erste Bremse 14 wirkt mit dem Getriebeausgang 9 / dem Hohlrad 8 des Planetengetriebes 7 zusam- men. Die erste Bremse 14 hält folglich in ihrer aktivierten Stellung den Getriebeaus gang 9 / das Hohlrad 8 des Planetengetriebes 7 (relativ zu einem Getriebegehäuse 15) fest (zum Umsetzen des reinen elektrischen Antriebsmodus); in ihrer deaktivierten Stellung gibt sie eine Rotation des Hohlrades 8 / des Getriebeausgangs 9 frei (zum Umsetzen des hybriden Antriebsmodus). To switch the drive train unit 1 between a purely electrical drive mode, in which the electrical machine 2 drives the output 10, and a hybrid drive mode in which both the electrical machine 2 and the internal combustion engine 4 drive the output 10, a first Brake 14 available. This first brake 14 is implemented as a claw brake. The first brake 14 interacts with the gear output 9 / the ring gear 8 of the planetary gear 7. men. The first brake 14 consequently holds in its activated position the Getriebeaus gear 9 / the ring gear 8 of the planetary gear 7 (relative to a gear housing 15) firmly (to implement the pure electric drive mode); In its deactivated position, it enables the ring gear 8 / the transmission output 9 to rotate (to implement the hybrid drive mode).
Das Lastschaltgetriebe 5, wie dann in Verbindung mit Fig. 2 besonders gut zu erken nen ist, ist als Ravigneaux-Satz 16 umgesetzt. Das Lastschaltgetriebe 5 ist daher als ein Schaltgetriebe, hier als Planetengetriebe, realisiert. In weiteren Ausführungen ist das Lastschaltgetriebe 5 auch als ein CVT-Getriebe umgesetzt. The powershift transmission 5, as can be seen particularly well in connection with FIG. 2, is implemented as a Ravigneaux set 16. The powershift transmission 5 is therefore implemented as a manual transmission, here as a planetary gear. In further versions, the powershift transmission 5 is also implemented as a CVT transmission.
Entsprechend des Aufbaus eines Ravigneaux-Satzes 16 weist das Lastschaltgetriebe 5 ein gemeinsames Hohlrad 17 auf. Das Hohlrad 17 bildet unmittelbar den Getriebe ausgang 9 und ist mit dem Hohlrad 8 des Planetengetriebes 7 permanent drehfest verbunden. Ein gemeinsamer Planetenträger 22 des Lastschaltgetriebes 5 nimmt mehrere hier der Übersichtlichkeit halber nicht weiter dargestellte Planetenräder dreh bar auf. Ein erster Satz an Planetenrädern befindet sich mit einem ersten SonnenradCorresponding to the structure of a Ravigneaux set 16, the powershift transmission 5 has a common ring gear 17. The ring gear 17 directly forms the gear output 9 and is permanently connected to the ring gear 8 of the planetary gear 7 in a rotationally fixed manner. A common planet carrier 22 of the powershift transmission 5 takes several planet gears, not shown here, for the sake of clarity, on rotating bar. A first set of planet gears is located with a first sun gear
20 sowie dem Hohlrad 17 in Zahneingriff. Ein zweiter Satz an Planetenrädern befindet sich mit einem zweiten Sonnenrad 24 sowie dem Hohlrad 17 in Zahneingriff. Die Pla netenräder beider Sätze sind unterschiedlich dimensioniert, zum Umsetzen unter schiedlicher Übersetzungen 12, h zwischen dem jeweiligen Sonnenrad 20, 24 und dem Hohlrad 17 auf dem gemeinsamen Planetenträger 22 drehbar gelagert (11 kennzeich net in Fig. 2 eine Übersetzung des Planetengetriebes 7). 20 and the ring gear 17 in tooth engagement. A second set of planet gears is in mesh with a second sun gear 24 and the ring gear 17. The Pla designated wheels of both sets are dimensioned differently, to implement under different translations 12, h between the respective sun gear 20, 24 and the ring gear 17 rotatably mounted on the common planet carrier 22 (11 denotes net in Fig. 2, a translation of the planetary gear 7).
Wie aus Fig. 2 ebenfalls hervorgeht, ist die Ausgangswelle 18 über mehrere verschie dene Kupplungen 19, 21 und 23 mit den einzelnen Bestandteilen des Lastschaltgetrie bes 5 koppelbar. Eine erste Kupplung 19 ist zwischen der Ausgangswelle 18 / dem Eingang 28 des Lastschaltgetriebes 5 und dem ersten Sonnenrad 20 angeordnet. Diese erste Kupplung 19 ist als eine Klauenkupplung realisiert. Eine zweite KupplungAs can also be seen from Fig. 2, the output shaft 18 can be coupled via several different clutches 19, 21 and 23 with the individual components of the powershift transmission 5 besides. A first clutch 19 is arranged between the output shaft 18 / the input 28 of the powershift transmission 5 and the first sun gear 20. This first clutch 19 is implemented as a claw clutch. A second clutch
21 ist zwischen der Ausgangswelle 18 / dem Eingang 28 und dem Planetenträger 22 angeordnet. Die zweite Kupplung 21 ist als Reibkupplung realisiert. Eine dritte Kupp- lung 23 ist zwischen der Ausgangswelle 18 / dem Eingang 28 und dem zweiten Son nenrad 24 wirkend eingesetzt. Die dritte Kupplung 23 ist ebenfalls als Reibkupplung umgesetzt. 21 is arranged between the output shaft 18 / the input 28 and the planet carrier 22. The second clutch 21 is implemented as a friction clutch. A third coupling treatment 23 is used between the output shaft 18 / the input 28 and the second Son nenrad 24 acting. The third clutch 23 is also implemented as a friction clutch.
Des Weiteren wirkt sowohl auf das erste Sonnenrad 20 sowie auf den Planetenträger 22 eine Bremse 25, 26 ein. Auf das erste Sonnenrad 20 wirkt eine als Reibkupplung realisierte zweite Bremse 25 ein. Auf den Planetenträger 22 wirkt eine, ebenfalls als Reibbremse realisierte, dritte Bremse 26 ein. Furthermore, a brake 25, 26 acts both on the first sun gear 20 and on the planet carrier 22. A second brake 25 implemented as a friction clutch acts on first sun gear 20. A third brake 26, likewise implemented as a friction brake, acts on the planet carrier 22.
In anderen Worten ausgedrückt, ist für den E-Motor-Zweig (erste Teileinheit 3) des Triebstrangs 1 eine einfache Übertragungskette mit einem Planetensatz (Planetenge triebe 7) gewählt. Vorzugsweise ist der E-Motor (elektrische Maschine 2) mit dem Sonnenrad 12 verbunden und der Abtrieb 10 ist mit dem Planetenträger 13 verbun den. Der Verbrennungsmotor-Zweig (zweite Teileinheit 6) besteht aus dem Verbren nungsmotor 4 und einem lastschaltfähigen Getriebe (Lastschaltgetriebe 5), dessen Ausgang 9 mit dem Hohlrad 8 des Planetensatzes 7 verbunden ist. Diese Verknüp fung des Planetensatzes 7, im Folgenden auch Koppel-Planetensatz genannt, erlaubt es eine höhere E-Motor-Drehzahl und so einen kleineren Bauraum des E-Motors 2 einzusetzen. Durch die Kopplung der beiden Triebstrang-Zweige 3, 6 über den Kop pel-Planetensatz 7 ergibt sich eine Drehzahl-Additive Verbindung der beiden Zweige 3, 6. Die Momente des E-Motor-Zweigs 3, des Verbrennungsmotor-Zweigs 6 und des Abtriebs 10 bilden ein Momentengleichgewicht, die Drehzahlen können unterschied lich eingestellt werden. In other words, a simple transmission chain with a planetary gear set (planetary gear 7) is selected for the electric motor branch (first subunit 3) of the drive train 1. The electric motor (electric machine 2) is preferably connected to the sun gear 12 and the output 10 is connected to the planet carrier 13. The internal combustion engine branch (second subunit 6) consists of the internal combustion engine 4 and a power shift transmission (powershift transmission 5), the output 9 of which is connected to the ring gear 8 of the planetary set 7. This linking of the planetary gear set 7, also referred to below as the coupling planetary gear set, allows a higher electric motor speed and thus a smaller installation space for the electric motor 2 to be used. The coupling of the two drive train branches 3, 6 via the Kop pel planetary set 7 results in a speed-additive connection of the two branches 3, 6. The moments of the electric motor branch 3, the internal combustion engine branch 6 and the output 10 form a torque equilibrium, the speeds can be set differently.
In einem E-Modus (/ rein elektrischen Antriebsmodus) ist das Hohlrad 8 des Koppel- Planetensatzes 7 über eine Klauenbremse 14 drehfest mit dem Getriebegehäuse 15 verbunden. Der Verbrennungsmotorzweig 6 steht dabei, so dass keine unnötigen Ver luste entstehen. In diesem Modus verhält sich das Fahrzeug wie ein reines E-Fahr- zeug. Im Hybrid-Modus (hybriden Antriebsmodus) ist die Klauenbremse 14 am Hohl rad 8 des Koppel-Planetensatzes 7 gelöst, der Verbrennungsmotor 4 und damit auch der Ausgang 9 des Lastschaltgetriebes 5 (= Hohlrad 8 des Koppel-Planetensatzes 7), drehen sich. Hierbei gibt es eine ganze Reihe folgender unterschiedlicher Betriebsmodi: In an E mode (/ purely electric drive mode) the ring gear 8 of the coupling planetary gear set 7 is connected to the transmission housing 15 in a rotationally fixed manner via a claw brake 14. The internal combustion engine branch 6 is here, so that no unnecessary losses arise. In this mode the vehicle behaves like a pure electric vehicle. In hybrid mode (hybrid drive mode) the claw brake 14 is released on the ring gear 8 of the coupling planetary set 7, the internal combustion engine 4 and thus also the output 9 of the powershift transmission 5 (= ring gear 8 of the coupling planetary set 7) rotate. There is a whole range of the following different operating modes:
- Standladen: Hier wird der Abtrieb 10 (Planetenträger 13 des Koppel-Planetensatzes 7) durch eine Fahrzeugbremse oder eine Parksperre festgehalten (Momentenabstüt zung). - Stationary loading: Here the output 10 (planet carrier 13 of the coupling planetary set 7) is held by a vehicle brake or a parking lock (torque support).
- Zug-Vorwärtsfahrt (mit positivem Abtriebsmoment): Hier ist die Klauenbremse 14 ge löst. Die Summenmomente von Verbrennungsmotor 4 und E-Motor 2 bilden das Ab triebsmoment. Idealerweise wird hier der E-Motor 2 als Generator (negative Drehzahl- bei positivem Moment) eingesetzt, um die Fahrzeugbatterie zu laden. Es ist jedoch auch ein Boost-Betrieb denkbar. - Train forward travel (with positive output torque): Here the claw brake 14 is released. The sum of the torques from the internal combustion engine 4 and the electric motor 2 form the drive torque. Ideally, the electric motor 2 is used here as a generator (negative speed with positive torque) to charge the vehicle battery. However, a boost mode is also conceivable.
- Zug-Rückwärtsfahrt (mit negativem Abtriebsmoment): Dies ist analog zum vorheri gen Punkt möglich, wenn das Lastschaltgetriebe 5 über einen Rückwärtsgang verfügt. Andernfalls ist nur rein elektrisches Rückwärtsfahren möglich. - Train reverse travel (with negative output torque): This is possible in the same way as in the previous point if the powershift transmission 5 has a reverse gear. Otherwise, only purely electric reversing is possible.
- Schub-Vorwärtsfahrt (mit negativem Abtriebsmoment): Wird im Folgenden auch ein fach als Rekuperieren (Rückgewinnung kinetischer Fahrzeugenergie) bezeichnet. Diese Betriebsart ist aus zwei Gründen nahteilhaft. Zum einen geht ein Teil der kineti schen Energie im Schleppmoment des Verbrennungsmotors 4 „verloren“. Zum ande ren ist das Schleppmoment des Verbrennungsmotors 4 betragsmäßig deutlich kleiner als sein Antriebsmoment. Dies begrenzt, wegen dem Momentengleichgewicht am Koppel-Planetensatz 7, so auch das Bremsmoment am Abtrieb 10 und auch die reku- perierbare Leistung im E-Motor 2. Daher ist hier immer ein Wechsel in den reinen E- Modus wünschenswert. - Push-forward travel (with negative output torque): This is also referred to in the following simply as recuperation (recovery of kinetic vehicle energy). This mode of operation is disadvantageous for two reasons. On the one hand, part of the kinetic energy is “lost” in the drag torque of the internal combustion engine 4. On the other hand, the drag torque of the internal combustion engine 4 is significantly smaller in terms of amount than its drive torque. Because of the torque equilibrium at the coupling planetary set 7, this also limits the braking torque at the output 10 and also the recuperable power in the electric motor 2. A change to pure electric mode is therefore always desirable here.
- Starten des Verbrennungsmotors 4 aus dem Triebstrang: Dies ist mit einer wahr scheinlich spürbaren Modulationen des Abtriebsmoments durchführbar. Bevorzugt ist daher ein Anlasser am Verbrennungsmotor 4 vorhanden. Starting the internal combustion engine 4 from the drive train: This can be carried out with a probably noticeable modulation of the output torque. A starter is therefore preferably provided on the internal combustion engine 4.
Ein reines verbrennungsmotorisches Fahren (Ohne Einsatz des E-Motors 2) ist in die sem Getriebekonzept zunächst nicht vorgesehen. Um dies zu ermöglichen, wäre eine weitere Klauenbremse an der Verbindung vom Sonnenrad 12 des Koppel-Planeten satzes 7 zum E-Motor 2 erforderlich. Pure combustion engine driving (without using the electric motor 2) is not initially provided for in this transmission concept. To make this possible, another claw brake at the connection from the sun gear 12 of the coupling planetary set 7 to the electric motor 2 would be required.
Im Verbrennungsmotorzweig 6 ist entweder ein Schaltgetriebe 5 oder gegebenenfalls auch ein CVT vorhanden, um zum einen ausreichend hohe Abtriebsmomente abstüt- zen zu können, und andererseits auch bei hohen Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeiten noch ei nen generatorischen Betrieb des E-Motors 2 (negative E-Motor-Drehzahl bei positi vem E-Motor-Moment) zu ermöglichen. Eine Lastschaltfähigkeit des Getriebes 5 ist aus Komfort-Gründen vorzuziehen. Im Folgenden wird daher von Lastschaltgetriebe 5 gesprochen. Die erforderliche Getriebe-Spreizung ist jedoch kleiner als bei einem rei nen Verbrennungsmotorfahrzeug oder bei einem Parallel-Hybrid-Antrieb mit Momen- ten-Additiver Kopplung der beiden Zweige. Der kleinste Gang braucht nicht die An fahrkupplung zu schonen. Der entsprechende „Schlupf“ wird über den Koppel-Plane tensatz 7 auf den E-Motor 2 abgebildet und dient hier als Eingangsleistung für den Generator. Durch die kleinere Gesamt-Spreizung kann auch eine kleinere Anzahl von Gangstufen ausreichend sein. In allen Fällen ist jedoch zumindest eine Reibkupplung im verbrennungsmotorischen Treibstrang erforderlich, um den Wechsel zwischen E- Mode und Hybrid-Mode unter Last durchführen zu können. In the internal combustion engine branch 6 there is either a gearbox 5 or possibly also a CVT in order to support sufficiently high output torques on the one hand. to be able to zen, and on the other hand to enable generator operation of the electric motor 2 even at high vehicle speeds (negative electric motor speed with positive electric motor torque). A power shift capability of the transmission 5 is preferable for reasons of convenience. The term powershift transmission 5 is therefore used in the following. However, the required gear ratio spread is smaller than with a purely internal combustion engine vehicle or with a parallel hybrid drive with torque-additive coupling of the two branches. The lowest gear does not need to protect the starting clutch. The corresponding “slip” is mapped to the electric motor 2 via the coupling tarpaulin set 7 and is used here as input power for the generator. Due to the smaller overall spread, a smaller number of gear steps can also be sufficient. In all cases, however, at least one friction clutch is required in the internal combustion engine drive train in order to be able to switch between E mode and hybrid mode under load.
Das konkrete Beispiel nach den Fign. 1 und 2 zeigt für ein einfaches lastschaltfähiges Getriebe im verbrennungsmotorischen Triebstrang-Zweig 6 ein Ravigneaux-Planeten- satz 16 mit drei Kupplungen 19, 21 ,23 und zwei Bremsen 25, 26. Die Bremsen 25, 26 und zwei der Kupplungen 21 , 23 sind dabei Reibkupplungen oder -bremsen. Eine Kupplung 19 kann auch als bauraumsparende Klauenkupplung umgesetzt sein. Damit sind vier Vorwärtsgänge und ein Rückwärtsgang umsetzbar. The specific example according to FIGS. 1 and 2 show a Ravigneaux planetary set 16 with three clutches 19, 21, 23 and two brakes 25, 26. The brakes 25, 26 and two of the clutches 21, 23 are for a simple power shiftable transmission in the internal combustion engine drive train branch 6 thereby friction clutches or brakes. A coupling 19 can also be implemented as a space-saving claw coupling. This means that four forward gears and one reverse gear can be implemented.
Lastschaltungen im Getriebe 5 werden wie gewohnt getriebetypisch umgesetzt, wobei hier in den Synchron-Phasen der Schaltungen auch eine Änderung der E-Motor-Dreh- zahl zur Unterstützung der Drehzahlanpassung verwendet werden kann, um die in den Reibelementen anfallenden Reibenergien zu minimieren. Im Verbrennungsmotor- Zweig 6 des Triebstrangs 1 können die üblichen Schwingungsdämpfer (ZMS; Flieh kraftpendel, ... ) eingesetzt werden. Der Wechsel zwischen elektrischem Fahren (E- Mode) und hybridischen Fahren (Hybrid-Mode) ähnelt dem Anfahren am Berg in ei nem konventionellen Triebstrang. Bei laufendem Verbrennungsmotor 4 und stehen dem Abtrieb (Getriebeausgang 9) des Lastschaltgetriebes 5 (Klauen-Bremse 14 ein gelegt) wird über ein Reibelement (Kupplung oder Bremse) im Getriebe Moment am Getriebe-Abtrieb 9 aufgebaut, so dass das Haltemoment von der Klauenbremse 14 vom Getriebeausgang 9 übernommen wird. Ist das Moment übernommen, kann die Klauenbremse 14 ausgelegt werden. Es folgt die Drehzahlanpassung, so dass das schlupfend betriebene Reibelement ins Haften gebracht werden kann. Hierfür ist es vorteilhaft, die Drehzahl des E-Motors 2 entsprechend anzupassen. Idealerweise so, dass nun die E-Motor-Drehzahl negativ wird (Generator-Betrieb), so dass die Batterie geladen werden kann. Power shifts in the transmission 5 are implemented as usual in a transmission-typical manner, whereby a change in the electric motor speed can also be used here in the synchronous phases of the shifts to support the speed adjustment in order to minimize the friction energies occurring in the friction elements. In the internal combustion engine branch 6 of the drive train 1, the usual vibration dampers (DMF; centrifugal pendulum, ...) can be used. Switching between electric driving (E-Mode) and hybrid driving (Hybrid-Mode) is similar to starting off on a hill in a conventional drive train. With the internal combustion engine 4 running and the output (gear output 9) of the powershift transmission 5 (claw brake 14 inserted), torque is built up on the transmission output 9 via a friction element (clutch or brake) in the transmission, so that the holding torque from the claw brake 14 is taken over from gear output 9. If the moment is taken over, she can Claw brake 14 are designed. The speed is then adjusted so that the friction element, which is operated in slipping mode, can be brought to a standstill. For this it is advantageous to adjust the speed of the electric motor 2 accordingly. Ideally so that the electric motor speed is now negative (generator operation) so that the battery can be charged.
Der Wechsel vom Hybrid-Mode zum E-Mode erfolgt in umgekehrter Reihenfolge: Schlupfaufbau am Reibelement im Getriebe 5 zum Absenken der Drehzahl des Hohl- rads 8 im Koppel-Planetensatz 7 (Getriebe-Ausgang 9). Ist diese Drehzahl ausrei- chend klein, kann die Klauenbremse 14 eingelegt und das Reibelement geöffnet wer den. Falls im Hybrid-Mode rekuperiert werden soll (Rückgewinnung kinetischer Ener gie des Fahrzeugs), kann das kleine Schleppmoment des Verbrennungsmotors 4 durch eine gezielte Verspannung im Lastschaltgetriebe 5 effektiv erhöht werden. Da mit sind dann auch höhere E-Motormomente im Momentengleichgewicht am Koppel- Planetensatz 7 möglich. Besser ist es jedoch, auf den E-Mode zu wechseln, da hier keine kinetische Energie zum „Heizen“ von Reibelementen verwendet wird, sondern mehr Energie wirklich im Elektromotor 2 rekuperiert werden kann. The change from hybrid mode to E mode takes place in reverse order: Slip build-up on the friction element in the transmission 5 to lower the speed of the ring gear 8 in the coupling planetary set 7 (transmission output 9). If this speed is sufficiently low, the claw brake 14 can be engaged and the friction element opened. If recuperation is to take place in hybrid mode (recovery of kinetic energy from the vehicle), the small drag torque of the internal combustion engine 4 can be effectively increased by targeted tensioning in the powershift transmission 5. As a result, higher electric motor torques in the moment equilibrium on the coupling planetary set 7 are also possible. However, it is better to switch to E-mode, since no kinetic energy is used here to “heat” friction elements, but rather more energy can actually be recuperated in the electric motor 2.
Bezuqszeichenliste Reference list
1 Antriebsstrangeinheit 1 drive train unit
2 elektrische Maschine 2 electric machine
3 erste Teileinheit 3 first subunit
4 Verbrennungskraftmaschine 4 internal combustion engine
5 Lastschaltgetriebe 5 powershift transmission
6 zweite Teileinheit 6 second subunit
7 Planetengetriebe 7 planetary gears
8 Hohlrad des Planetengetriebes 8 ring gear of the planetary gear
9 Getriebeausgang 9 transmission output
10 Abtrieb 10 output
11 Rotorwelle 11 rotor shaft
12 Sonnenrad des Planetengetriebes 12 sun gear of the planetary gear
13 Planetenträger des Planetengetriebes 13 Planet carrier of the planetary gear
14 erste Bremse 14 first brake
15 Getriebegehäuse 15 gear housing
16 Ravignaux-Satz 16 Ravignaux theorem
17 Hohlrad des Abschaltgetriebes 17 Ring gear of the cut-off gear
18 Ausgangswelle 18 output shaft
19 erste Kupplung 19 first clutch
20 erstes Sonnenrad des Lastschaltgetriebes20 first sun gear of the powershift transmission
21 zweite Kupplung 21 second clutch
22 Planetenträger des Lastschaltgetriebes 22 Planet carrier of the powershift transmission
23 dritte Kupplung 23 third clutch
24 zweites Sonnenrad des Lastschaltgetriebes24 second sun gear of the powershift transmission
25 zweite Bremse 25 second brake
26 dritte Bremse 26 third brake
27 Planetenrad des Planetengetriebes 27 Planetary gear of the planetary gear
28 Eingang 28 entrance

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Hybridisierte Antriebsstrangeinheit (1) für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit einer eine elektrische Maschine (2) aufweisenden ersten Teileinheit (3) und einer eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine (4) sowie ein der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (4) nachgeschaltetes Lastschaltgetriebe (5) aufweisenden zweiten Teileinheit (6), wobei die beiden Teileinheiten (3, 6) ausgangsseitig über ein gemeinsames Planetengetriebe (7), dessen Hohlrad (8) mit einem Getriebeausgang (9) des Lastschaltgetriebes (5) verbunden ist, mit einem Abtrieb (10) gekoppelt sind. 1. Hybridized drive train unit (1) for a motor vehicle, with a first subunit (3) having an electric machine (2) and a second subunit (6) having an internal combustion engine (4) and a power shift transmission (5) connected downstream of the internal combustion engine (4) , the two subunits (3, 6) being coupled on the output side to an output (10) via a common planetary gear (7), the ring gear (8) of which is connected to a gear output (9) of the powershift gear (5).
2. Antriebsstrangeinheit (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Rotorwelle (11) der elektrischen Maschine (2) drehfest mit einem Son nenrad (12) des Planetengetriebes (7) verbunden ist und/oder ein Planeten träger (13) des Planetengetriebes (7) mit dem Abtrieb (10) verbunden ist. 2. Drive train unit (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a rotor shaft (11) of the electrical machine (2) rotatably connected to a Son nenrad (12) of the planetary gear (7) and / or a planet carrier (13) of the Planetary gear (7) is connected to the output (10).
3. Antriebsstrangeinheit (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf das Hohlrad (8) des Planetengetriebes (7) eine Bremse (14) einwirkt, die in ihrer aktivierten Stellung das Hohlrad (8) relativ zu einem Getriebege häuse (15) des Lastschaltgetriebes (5) festhält. 3. Drive train unit (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a brake (14) acts on the ring gear (8) of the planetary gear (7), which in its activated position the ring gear (8) relative to a Getriebege housing ( 15) of the powershift transmission (5).
4. Antriebsstrangeinheit (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lastschaltgetriebe (5) einen Ravigneaux-Satz (16) aufweist oder unmittelbar diesen Ravigneaux-Satz (16) bildet. 4. Drive train unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the powershift transmission (5) has a Ravigneaux set (16) or directly forms this Ravigneaux set (16).
5. Antriebsstrangeinheit (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Hohlrad (17) des Lastschaltgetriebes (5) mit dem Hohlrad (8) des Planetengetriebes (7) verbunden ist. 5. Drive train unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a ring gear (17) of the powershift transmission (5) is connected to the ring gear (8) of the planetary gear (7).
6. Antriebsstrangeinheit (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Ausgangswelle (18) der Verbrennungskraftma schine (4) über eine erste Kupplung (19) mit einem ersten Sonnenrad (20) des Lastschaltgetriebes (5), über eine zweite Kupplung (21) mit einem Planeten träger (22) des Lastschaltgetriebes (5) und/oder über eine dritte Kupplung (23) mit einem zweiten Sonnenrad (24) des Lastschaltgetriebes (5) verbindbar ist. 6. Drive train unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that an output shaft (18) of the internal combustion engine (4) via a first clutch (19) with a first sun gear (20) of the powershift transmission (5), via a second clutch (21) can be connected to a planet carrier (22) of the powershift transmission (5) and / or via a third clutch (23) to a second sun gear (24) of the powershift transmission (5).
7. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Antriebsstrangeinheit (1) nach einem der An sprüche 1 bis 6, wobei in einem hybriden Antriebsmodus die Verbrennungs kraftmaschine (4) über das Lastschaltgetriebe (5) das Hohlrad (8) des Plane tengetriebes (7), zusätzlich zu einer von der elektrischen Maschine (2) auf das Planetengetriebe (7) übertragenen Antriebsleistung, antreibt, und in einem rein elektrischen Antriebsmodus ausschließlich die elektrische Maschine (2) Antriebsleistung auf das Planetengetriebe (7) überträgt, während der Getrie beausgang (9) des Lastschaltgetriebes (5) getriebegehäusefest gehalten ist. 7. A method for operating a drive train unit (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in a hybrid drive mode, the internal combustion engine (4) via the powershift transmission (5) the ring gear (8) of the planetary gear (7), in addition to a drive power transferred from the electric machine (2) to the planetary gear (7), and in a purely electric drive mode only the electric machine (2) transfers drive power to the planetary gear (7), while the gear output (9) of the powershift gear (5) is held in place in the transmission housing.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei bei einem Wechsel von dem rein elektri schen Antriebsmodus in den hybriden Antriebsmodus zunächst die von dem Lastschaltgetriebe (5) abgekoppelte Verbrennungskraftmaschine (4) ange schaltet wird, anschließend durch einen gezielten Schlupfbetrieb einer zwi schen einer Ausgangswelle (18) der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (4) und ei nem Bestandteil (22, 24) des Lastschaltgetriebes (5) angeordneten Reibkupp lung (21, 23) ein bestimmtes Moment in einer den Getriebeausgang (9) fest haltenden Klauenbremse (14) aufgebaut wird, anschließend die Klauen bremse (14) geöffnet wird und wiederum anschließend eine Drehzahlanpas sung zwischen der Ausgangswelle (18) der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (4) und dem Getriebeausgang (9) erfolgt, woraufhin die Reibkupplung (21, 23) vollständig geschlossen wird. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein when changing from the purely electrical drive mode to the hybrid drive mode, the internal combustion engine (4) decoupled from the powershift transmission (5) is switched on, then by a targeted slip operation of an output shaft (18 ) the internal combustion engine (4) and a component (22, 24) of the powershift transmission (5) arranged Reibkupp ment (21, 23) a certain torque in a claw brake (14) holding the transmission output (9) is built up, then the claws Brake (14) is opened and, in turn, a speed adjustment between the output shaft (18) of the internal combustion engine (4) and the transmission output (9) takes place, whereupon the friction clutch (21, 23) is completely closed.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Drehzahlanpassung zwischen der Aus gangswelle (18) der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (4) und dem Getriebeaus gang (9) durch ein Anpassen der Drehzahl der elektrischen Maschine (2) er folgt. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the speed adjustment between the output shaft (18) of the internal combustion engine (4) and the Getriebeaus gear (9) by adjusting the speed of the electric machine (2) he follows.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, wobei bei einem Wechsel von dem hybriden Antriebsmodus in den rein elektrischen Antriebsmodus eine zwischen der Ausgangswelle (18) der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (4) und ei nem Bestandteil (22, 24) des Lastschaltgetriebes (5) angeordnete Reibkupp lung (21 , 23) in einen gezielten Schlupfbetrieb verbracht wird und die Drehzahl des Getriebeausgangs (9) reduziert wird, und anschließend, nachdem die Drehzahl des Getriebeausgangs (9) einen unteren Drehzahlgrenzwert erreicht oder unterschritten hat, eine auf den Getriebeeingang (9) einwirkende Klau enbremse (14) geschlossen wird und die Reibkupplung (21, 23) vollständig geöffnet wird. 10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein when changing from the hybrid drive mode to the purely electric drive mode between the output shaft (18) of the internal combustion engine (4) and a component (22, 24) of the powershift transmission (5) arranged Reibkupp ment (21, 23) is brought into a targeted slip operation and the speed of the transmission output (9) is reduced, and then after the speed of the transmission output (9) has reached a lower speed limit or has fallen below, a claw brake (14) acting on the transmission input (9) is closed and the friction clutch (21, 23) is fully opened.
EP20756762.9A 2019-09-03 2020-07-30 Powertrain unit having electrical machine and internal combustion engine; and method for operating a powertrain unit Withdrawn EP4025445A1 (en)

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DE102019123544.8A DE102019123544A1 (en) 2019-09-03 2019-09-03 Drive train unit with electric machine and internal combustion engine; and methods of operating a powertrain unit
PCT/DE2020/100680 WO2021043359A1 (en) 2019-09-03 2020-07-30 Powertrain unit having electrical machine and internal combustion engine; and method for operating a powertrain unit

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