EP4022177A1 - Verfahren zur regelung der eintrittstemperatur eines arbeitsfluides einer dampfturbine bei schwankender bereitstellung thermischer energie - Google Patents
Verfahren zur regelung der eintrittstemperatur eines arbeitsfluides einer dampfturbine bei schwankender bereitstellung thermischer energieInfo
- Publication number
- EP4022177A1 EP4022177A1 EP20789478.3A EP20789478A EP4022177A1 EP 4022177 A1 EP4022177 A1 EP 4022177A1 EP 20789478 A EP20789478 A EP 20789478A EP 4022177 A1 EP4022177 A1 EP 4022177A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- working fluid
- steam turbine
- steam
- control valve
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
- F01K7/165—Controlling means specially adapted therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for regulating the inlet temperature of a working fluid in a steam turbine when the supply of thermal energy fluctuates.
- CSP power plants are designed in particular in the form of paraboir power plants with solar generating units.
- these solar generator units are parabolic mirrors which have a pipeline for a heat transfer medium (eg heat transfer oil) in their focal line area. In this focal line, the heat transfer medium is heated when exposed to sunlight and then brought into contact with water or steam (or generally a working fluid) via a heat exchanger.
- Superheated steam is generated by heat transfer, which drives a steam turbine of the solar power plant in a steam circuit.
- the thermal energy available for heating / evaporating a working fluid can fluctuate greatly due to fluctuating solar radiation, for example through cloudy clouds.
- thermomechanical stress In order to keep the stress within permissible limits, the temperature of the working fluid supplied to the steam turbine is measured and monitored. In the event of excessive changes within a short period of time, the steam turbine is switched off (snap shot) by interrupting the steam supply. This should be thermomechanically caused damage (cracking) of components to be avoided.
- the object is achieved by the features of independent claim 1.
- An alternative solution to the problem results from the features of independent claim 3.
- the method provides a certain temperature band within which the temperature changes can move without this leading to a change in the control valve position. It is only when the band limits are exceeded or not reached that the position of the control valve changes.
- the temperature change due to pervasive cloud cover typically consists of a brief temperature jump followed by a further slower drop in temperature. The temperature change is not a problem for as long as it does not cause any change in the control valve position as long as the temperature change is within the specified temperature range.
- short-term (immediately) permissible temperature jumps are around 20-30K and the subsequent permissible slow temperature drop is around 1-3K / min.
- the control valve In the event of an impermissibly high drop in temperature and thus falling below the band limit, the control valve would close easily, which would lead to a number of positive effects and in many cases could avoid an emergency shutdown.
- closing the control valve leads to the following effects: the evaporation temperature in the steam generator belonging to the steam turbine system increases due to the pressure increase; the temperature of a superheater decreases because of the lower mass flow rate and the higher density; the temperature of the steam in the inflowing Dampflei lines falls less due to the compression of the steam (back pressure); the pressure in the turbine, the decisive variable for the heat transfer between the steam and the turbine components, drops so that a higher allowance (temperature jump / temperature change) is possible; In the medium term (a few minutes) the temperature of the heat transfer medium can be kept stable because it cools less than an unregulated solution.
- the method according to the invention according to claim 1 thus works as a "limiter", ie the maximum deviation per time is specified.
- the limits (upper and lower band) are to be selected so that an emergency shutdown is only triggered when an actual risk to the components from thermomechanical stress is to be feared.
- the intervention of the "limiter” would cause a (heat-related) reduction in performance, but it would prevent a quick action and thus the termination of the mechanical energy supply.
- the "Limiter” would disengage and the control valve would be opened again. This means that the entire power would be available again. Since the turbine components have cooled down less because of the "Limiter” intervention, there is still the temperature jump upwards (upper band limit) is almost completely available.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the temperature band does not have any fixed absolute limits, but rather shifts with the heating state of the steam turbine. If the temperature of the steam turbine drops, for example due to prolonged cloud cover, the temperature range also shifts to a lower mean temperature. In this way, it can be prevented that even with a slowly falling temperature, which does not cause inadmissibly high thermomechanical stresses, the lower band limit is undershot and the control of the steam turbine is not intervened.
- the second inventive method for regulating the inlet temperature of a working fluid of a steam turbine, with fluctuating supply of thermal energy, for heating / evaporation of the working fluid of the steam turbine wherein the steam turbine comprises at least one control valve via which, by changing the control valve position, a control of the
- the mass flow of the working fluid flowing into the steam turbine is characterized in that the mass flow of the working fluid that is fed to the steam turbine is regulated by changing the control valve position in such a way that the temperature of the working fluid is kept essentially constant.
- essentially means within the fluctuation range specified by the regulation.
- the regulation does not only intervene in the second method according to the invention when the thermome mechanical stress reaches a critical value, but instead regulates the temperature of the working fluid continuously and acts to make the temperature of the working fluid more uniform.
- the control differs significantly from the previous control types, speed control, pressure control and power control, which also act via the control valve position of the turbine.
- the control types are for conventional le steam turbines are well suited, but lead to undesired quick-action connections or high thermomechanical loads, especially in solar power plants.
- With the proposed temperature control on the other hand, the fluctuations in the supply of heat inherent in the solar thermal processes can be compensated for by means of a control system intervention, without the dead band present in the case of a limiter.
- the regulation can, for example, regulate a predetermined temperature or a temperature determined on a rolling basis from measurement data.
- the control valve position is adjusted so that the expected temperature fluctuations are compensated as directly as possible. In this way, the temperature fluctuations in the turbine can be reduced to a minimum.
- the inventive method for regulating the inlet temperature of a working fluid of a steam turbine with a fluctuating supply of thermal energy are not limited to the live steam, but can also be used before geous for reheating steam or additional steam.
- FIG. 2 An exemplary steam temperature distribution on a cloudy day in a CSP power plant with conventional control of the turbine.
- Fig. 1 shows a CSP power plant which is suitable for operation with the method according to the invention.
- the CSP power plant is designed as a Paraboir internal power plant.
- the process could easily be applied to a solar tower power plant.
- the CSP power plant comprises two fluid circuits, a solar thermal circuit 5 and a water-steam circuit 6.
- the solar thermal circuit 5 comprises a number of Para bolapt 7 through whose focal lines pipes are passed, which are filled with a heat transfer fluid, for example egg nem thermal oil or a salt solution.
- a heat transfer fluid for example egg nem thermal oil or a salt solution.
- the heat transfer fluid is heated by the solar radiation; the heat transfer fluid can reach temperatures of around 400 ° C in solar tower power plants even up to 600 ° C.
- the heated heat transfer fluid circulates within the solar thermal circuit 5.
- a plurality of fluid pumps 8, 9 are arranged within the solar thermal circuit 5.
- the heat transfer fluid can transfer heat to the water-steam circuit 6 in a fluid-communicating manner via heat exchangers, or it can be fed to a heat accumulator 10, where it can be stored and, when the sun's rays decrease (for example at night or when the clouds are rising), the solar thermal circuit 5 again to be made available.
- mixed operation is also possible, in which part of the heat is made available to the heat storage device 10 and another part to the water-steam circuit 6.
- the scheme can be simple Way by means of a control valve 11, which are arranged in the solarthermi circuit 5 take place.
- the water-steam circuit 6 comprises an evaporator 12, such as a first superheater 13.
- the evaporator 12 and the first superheater 13 are designed as heat exchangers and are connected to the solar thermal circuit 5 in a fluid-communicating manner.
- the heat can be transferred from the heat transfer fluid of the thermal circuit 5 to the water-steam circuit 6.
- the water in the water-steam circuit 6 is evaporated in the evaporator 12 and then brought to live steam parameters in the superheater 13.
- the live steam can then be fed to the steam turbine via a live steam line 14.
- the steam turbine has a high pressure part 1 (HP part) and a medium pressure part 2 (MD part).
- the live steam is first fed into the entry area of the high pressure part 1 and relaxes within the high pressure part 1, then the relaxed steam leaves the high pressure part 1 via a discharge area and is subjected to reheating.
- the inter mediate overheating has a further heat exchanger 15, which is also coupled to the solar thermal circuit 5.
- the steam is heated to approximately the live steam temperature at constant pressure and passed via a reheating line 16 into the inlet area of the MD part 2.
- There the steam is expanded again and fed via the outlet area to a condenser 17 in which the steam condenses and from where it can be fed back to the evaporator 12.
- the thermal energy of the steam is converted into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy can be converted into electrical current with the aid of a generator 18 coupled to the steam turbine.
- a control valve 3, 4 is arranged in the main steam line 14 and in the intermediate superheating line 16. net.
- the control valves 3, 4 are connected to a control device 19, which transmits the corresponding control signals to the control valves 3, 4.
- the control device 19 also includes temperature sensors 20, 21 which detect the ACTUAL temperature (Ti ST) of the steam in the main steam line 14 and the intermediate overheating line 16.
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary steam temperature distribution on a cloudy day in a CSP power plant.
- the temperature of the steam that is fed to the steam turbine fluctuates between about 340 ° C and 380 ° C during the course of the day due to the cloud fields moving through. As long as the temperature fluctuations are only slight, this has no effect on the operation of the CSP power plant. Larger temperature changes within a shorter time, however, represent a high thermomechanical stress for hot-going components of the steam turbine.
- the steam temperatures Ti S supplied to the steam turbine are measured and monitored by the control device 19. If the steam temperature T IST changes too much within a short period of time, the steam turbine is switched off (emergency shutdown).
- the steam supply is completely interrupted so that there is no longer any power.
- the quick-action closure is intended to prevent thermomechanical damage to the components.
- the monitored limit values typically include a short-term permissible temperature jump (20-30K) with a subsequent further temperature change (1-3K / min).
- the present invention proposes the control system shown in FIG. 3, in which a temperature band with an upper and a lower band limit T M I N ) is determined.
- the temperature range is to be selected in such a way that a temperature jump within this range does not cause any inadmissibly high thermomechanical stresses.
- the temperature range does not have to have any absolute temperature limits, but can change flexibly as the steam turbine 1, 2 is heated through.
- the method does not intervene in the event of brief temperature changes in the working fluid that are within the band limits. Only when the temperature drop is so large, so that the temperature of the working fluid Ti S the lower band limit (T M I N) falling below threatens is a change in the control position of the control valve 3, 4. We direction, the control valve 3, 4 in the closing proceed so that the mass flow of the working fluid is reduced so that the temperature of the working fluid (T IST ) remains within the temperature range.
- T MAX / T MIN the upper and lower band limit
- T MAXMAX / T MINMIN the upper and lower temperature limit
- T MAXMAX / T MINMIN the upper and lower temperature limit
- the process of the control valve 3, 4 in the closing direction has the effect that: the evaporation temperature in the evaporator 12 belonging to the steam turbine system rises due to the pressure increase; the temperature of a superheater 13 decreases because of the lower mass flow and the higher density; the temperature of the working fluid Ti S in the inflowing live steam and reheating lines 14, 16
- the mass flow of the working fluid that is fed to the steam turbine 1, 2 is at the latest when the upper band limit (TM A X) t is reached by changing the control valve position it increases so that the temperature of the working fluid Ti S remains within the temperature range and the entire power is available again. Since the turbine components cool down less because of the method according to the invention, the temperature jump upwards is also almost completely available.
- the control valve position can also be changed below the upper strip limit (TM A X) t, for example when the middle of the strip or an average component temperature is reached.
- FIG. 4 shows the same cloudy situation as in FIG. 3.
- the regulation according to FIG. 4 ver seeks to change the mass flow of the working fluid by changing the control valve position of the control valve 3, 4 so that the temperature of the Ar beitsfluides (T IST ) is kept essentially constant.
- the control unit measures the temperature of the working fluid Ti S by means of the temperature sensors 20, 21 and immediately adjusts the control valve position as soon as the temperature of the working fluid Ti S is outside a certain tolerance range. This type of control requires significantly more control effort, but ensures that the temperature of the working fluid Ti S can be kept almost constant.
- the control can, for example, go into a lower fixed PRE-bene or a rolling basis determined from measurement data temperature T set. It is also possible for the method to take into account expected temperature fluctuations before they occur and to change the control valve position in such a way that the temperature fluctuations are minimized. Such a temperature fluctuation to be expected could, for example, be an incoming cloudiness, which can be predicted in good time with the aid of a weather radar or other weather observations.
- the methods according to the invention are fundamentally suitable, assuming a corresponding device, for regulating the temperature of the live steam as well as for the inter mediate superheating steam and additional steam.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019216179.0A DE102019216179A1 (de) | 2019-10-21 | 2019-10-21 | Verfahren zur Regelung der Eintrittstemperatur eines Arbeitsfluides einer Dampfturbine bei schwankender Bereitstellung thermischer Energie |
| PCT/EP2020/077000 WO2021078472A1 (de) | 2019-10-21 | 2020-09-25 | Verfahren zur regelung der eintrittstemperatur eines arbeitsfluides einer dampfturbine bei schwankender bereitstellung thermischer energie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4022177A1 true EP4022177A1 (de) | 2022-07-06 |
Family
ID=72826833
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20789478.3A Withdrawn EP4022177A1 (de) | 2019-10-21 | 2020-09-25 | Verfahren zur regelung der eintrittstemperatur eines arbeitsfluides einer dampfturbine bei schwankender bereitstellung thermischer energie |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4022177A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019216179A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021078472A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4598551A (en) * | 1985-10-25 | 1986-07-08 | General Electric Company | Apparatus and method for controlling steam turbine operating conditions during starting and loading |
| US4888953A (en) * | 1987-11-13 | 1989-12-26 | Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha | Apparatus for controlling boiler/turbine plant |
| DE10221594B4 (de) * | 2002-05-15 | 2006-02-16 | AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT KüHNLE, KOPP & KAUSCH | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur wirkungsgradoptimierten Regelung einer Turbine |
| US6939100B2 (en) * | 2003-10-16 | 2005-09-06 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for controlling steam turbine inlet flow to limit shell and rotor thermal stress |
| US8176723B2 (en) * | 2008-12-31 | 2012-05-15 | General Electric Company | Apparatus for starting a steam turbine against rated pressure |
| JP6004484B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2016-10-12 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 蒸気タービン発電プラント |
| JP6092723B2 (ja) * | 2013-06-25 | 2017-03-08 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 蒸気タービンプラントの起動制御装置 |
| JP6375585B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-31 | 2018-08-22 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | コンバインドサイクルプラント、その制御方法、及びその制御装置 |
| DE102016218763A1 (de) * | 2016-09-28 | 2018-03-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur kurzfristigen Leistungsanpassung einer Dampfturbine eines Gas-und Dampfkraftwerks für die Primärregelung |
-
2019
- 2019-10-21 DE DE102019216179.0A patent/DE102019216179A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2020
- 2020-09-25 EP EP20789478.3A patent/EP4022177A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-09-25 WO PCT/EP2020/077000 patent/WO2021078472A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102019216179A1 (de) | 2021-04-22 |
| WO2021078472A1 (de) | 2021-04-29 |
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