Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
  • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
  • H01M10/0422—Cells or battery with cylindrical casing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
  • H01M10/0481—Compression means other than compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
  • H01M10/049—Processes for forming or storing electrodes in the battery container
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
  • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
  • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
  • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
  • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
  • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
  • Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making

Definitions

• the invention relates to an electrochemical cell and its manufacturing process, as well as a battery comprising one or more electrochemical cells. It finds application in particular in the field of electrochemical elements or Li-ion type batteries, and aims in particular at the optimization of the volume and of the electrical capacity of such elements, more generally the optimization of the volumetric and gravimetric energy density.
• an electrochemical element for example of parallelepipedal or even cylindrical overall shape, generally comprises a casing 1 closed, for example by a cover, which defines a internal volume. Inside this volume is disposed an electrochemical bundle 2 impregnated with electrolyte, comprising an alternation of positive and negative electrodes 3. These electrodes 3 are respectively connected to two positive and negative electrical output terminals (not shown), and surround separators (also not shown).
• the envelope 1 comprises a bottom wall 4 which has an internal bottom face 4a, oriented towards the internal volume, one or more side walls 5, 6 having an internal lateral face 5a, 6a, oriented towards the internal volume.
• the side walls 5, 6 of the casing 1 join the bottom wall forming a rounding, in particular on the internal side, that is to say at the junction between each internal lateral face 5a, 6a and the internal bottom face 4.
• a metal sheet preferably in aluminum.
• An internal die or punch and an external die are thus used, actuated relatively to one another by a press, dies whose respective shapes and dimensions make it possible to obtain the desired volume setting: for example cylindrical punch and cylindrical outer die. hollow for a cylindrical setting, or parallelepiped punch and hollow parallelepiped outer die for a parallelepipedic setting.
• the punch and the outer die have a bottom which joins the side wall (s) with a rounding, so as not to damage the metal sheet during the stamping operation. It is not possible to use an angular punch or an angular external die, without risking weakening the envelope at the angles which would lead to an unacceptable risk of tearing, or even without tearing the envelope during the operation of stamping, in particular due to the fact that the envelope tends to stick to the punch and / or to the outer die. Even using oil during the stamping operation, it is impossible to peel off the casing formed with an angular outer punch and / or die without damaging it.
• an angular punch and outer die are subject to heavy wear, which is not compatible with industrial mass production.
• one solution consists in making a chamfer 12 in the lower part of the electrodes, forming the electrode bundle 2, located near the relevant side wall 5 or 6, to limit the phenomenon of settling. But in this configuration, the heat exchange surface remains limited, since there is no exchange at the level of the lower chamfered part 12 of the electrodes, therefore at the level of the rounded junction between the bottom wall 4 and the relevant side wall 5 or 6 of the casing 1. In addition, this solution complicates the manufacture since it is necessary to carry out additional operations of cutting the electrodes.
• the object of the invention is in particular to propose an electrochemical element with an optimized volumetric and gravimetric energy density, and a better capacity to dissipate the internal heat generated by the operation of the electrochemical element.
• the object of the invention is thus an electrochemical element comprising a closed envelope defining an internal volume inside which is arranged a bundle comprising an alternation of positive and negative electrodes. These electrodes are respectively connected to two positive and negative electrical output terminals and surround separators. Said bundle is impregnated with electrolyte.
• the casing further comprises a bottom wall having an internal bottom face, oriented towards the internal volume, and at least one side wall having an internal side face oriented towards the internal volume.
• the internal lateral face joins the internal bottom face, forming substantially an internal angle.
• the electrochemical element further comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination:
• the bottom wall has the shape of a surface generating a solid of revolution, for example a circle, said at least one side wall substantially forming the side wall of a corresponding solid of revolution, for example a cylinder;
• the bottom wall forms a polygon, for example a rectangle
• the casing comprises several side walls each having an internal side face oriented towards the internal volume and joining the internal bottom face on one of the sides of said polygon, the internal lateral face of at least one of the lateral walls joining the internal bottom face, forming substantially an internal angle;
• each side wall joins the internal bottom face, forming substantially an internal angle, preferably identical to the internal angle formed by each internal side face with the bottom face;
• the internal angle or at least one of the internal angles is substantially equal to 90 °;
• the bottom wall has an outer bottom face opposite the inner bottom face, and the side wall (s) each have an outer side face opposite the corresponding inner side face, the or at least one of the outer side faces joining the outer bottom face forming substantially an outer angle, preferably substantially equal to the inner angle;
• the external angle or at least one of the external angles is substantially equal to 90 °;
• the bottom wall and the or at least one of the side walls are formed from a metallic material, preferably aluminum;
• the beam is of the Lithium-ion type.
• the invention also relates, according to a second aspect, to a battery comprising one or more electrochemical elements electrically connected in parallel and / or in series, at least one of the electrochemical elements being an electrochemical element as presented above.
• Another subject of the invention is a process for manufacturing an electrochemical element.
• the electrochemical element comprises a closed envelope defining an internal volume inside which is disposed a bundle comprising an alternation of positive and negative electrodes connected respectively to two positive and negative electrical output terminals and flanking separators.
• the bundle is impregnated with electrolyte.
• the envelope comprises a bottom wall having an internal bottom face, oriented towards the internal volume, and at least one side wall having an internal side face, oriented towards the internal volume.
• the method comprises, prior to the installation of the bundle and the closing of the casing, a step of volumeizing the casing so as to obtain the internal volume with a junction between the internal lateral face and the face of substantially angular internal bottom of given internal angle.
• the method further comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically possible combination:
• the casing is made of a metallic material, for example aluminum
• the step of volumizing the casing comprises a step of volumizing by magnetoforming comprising the placing of the casing to be formed close to an electromagnetic field source, and the placement of a jig made of non-electrically conductive material near the casing, the source being placed on a first side of the casing and the jig being placed on a second side of the casing opposite to the first side, the shape of the jig being configured so as to allow the internal volume of the casing to be formed by pressing the casing against the jig under the effect of an electromagnetic field generated by the source ;
• the first side of the envelope to be formed is the side of the face of the envelope intended to be oriented towards the internal volume after shaping, the template having at least one portion forming the hollow internal volume;
• the second side of the envelope to be formed is the side of the face of the envelope intended to be oriented towards the internal volume after shaping, the template having at least one portion forming the internal volume;
• the volume forming step comprises, prior to the volume forming step by magnetoforming, a step of volume forming by stamping, so as to prepare the envelope to be formed by creating an intermediate internal volume with a junction between the inner side face and the substantially rounded inner bottom face.
• the electrochemical element and the battery according to the invention make it possible to reduce, or even eliminate the bottom zone unused in the elements of the state of the art, make it possible to avoid the phenomenon of local settling of the nearby electrodes. side walls and the bottom, and allow better heat dissipation thanks to a larger heat exchange surface at the bottom wall.
• Fig la] and Fig lb schematic representations of two examples of prior art electrochemical elements
• FIG. 2 schematic representation of an example of an electrochemical element of the invention
• Fig 3 and Fig 4 schematic representations of a first example of implementation of the method of the invention
• Fig 5 and Fig 6 schematic representations of a second example of the implementation of the method of the invention.
• FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of an electrochemical element of the invention, seen in section, in the form of a parallelepipedal assembly.
• the electrochemical element therefore comprises a casing 1 closed, for example by a cover (not shown), and defining an internal volume.
• This internal volume is substantially parallelepiped in this example.
• the casing 1 is preferably formed in part or in whole from a metallic material, such as aluminum.
• an electrochemical bundle 2 is placed inside the internal volume defined by envelope 1, inside the internal volume defined by envelope 1, an electrochemical bundle 2 is placed.
• this bundle 2 comprises an alternation of positive and negative electrodes 3 connected respectively to two positive and negative electrical output terminals (not shown).
• the two output terminals can for example be placed in the upper part, at the level of the cover.
• one of the terminals can be arranged in the upper part, at the level of the cover, the other being arranged in the lower part, at the level of the back wall 4.
• the electrodes 3 surround the separators (not shown), and the bundle 2 is impregnated with electrolyte. It may be, for example, a beam (2) of the Lithium-ion type.
• the casing 1 comprises in particular a bottom wall 4 and at least one side wall 5, 6.
• the bottom wall 4 is substantially rectangular, just like the four side walls including the two side walls 5 and 6.
• FIG. 2 could just as well represent an electrochemical element of overall shape corresponding to a solid of revolution, for example a cylindrical shape, therefore with an internal volume defined by an envelope 1 corresponding substantially to the volume of a solid of revolution, for example a cylinder.
• the bottom wall 4 has the shape of a surface generating the corresponding solid of revolution, for example a circle.
• only one side wall 5 or 6 rises from the bottom wall 4 to form the body of the solid of revolution, for example the cylinder.
• the bottom wall has an internal bottom face 4a, oriented towards the internal volume defined by the casing 1, and an external bottom face 4b opposite the internal bottom face 4a, therefore oriented towards the outside of the defined internal volume. by envelope 1.
• Each side wall 5, 6 also has an internal lateral face 5a, 6a, oriented towards the internal volume defined by the casing 1, and an external lateral face 5b, 6b opposite to the corresponding internal lateral face 5a, 6aa, therefore oriented towards the outside of the internal volume defined by envelope 1.
• the unused zone 11 shown in FIG. 1a does not exist in FIG. 2. Thanks to the presence of the internal angles (a), the beam 2, in particular the electrodes 3 closest to the side walls 5, 6, can extend as far as the bottom wall 4 without colliding against the roundings present in the example of figure the.
• each of the internal angles (a) between the internal face 4a of the bottom wall 4 and the internal face 5a, 6a of one of the side walls 5, 6 are identical, preferably substantially equal to 90 °. But other configurations are possible, with internal angles (a) different from one side wall 5, 6 to the other.
• the outer side face 5b, 6b of at least one of the side walls 5, 6 also joins the outer bottom face 4b of the bottom wall 4, substantially forming an outer angle (b).
• This external angle (b) may be different from the internal angle or angles (a), but it is preferably substantially equal to this or these internal angles (a), for example substantially equal to 90 °.
• all or part of the casing 1 is preferably made of a metallic material, such as aluminum.
• the bottom wall 4 and the or at least one of the side walls 5, 6 are formed from this material.
• electrochemical elements can be electrically connected, including one or more electrochemical elements as described above, in parallel and / or in series, to form a battery.
• the envelope 1 is volumeized, prior to the installation of the bundle 2 and the closing of the envelope 1
• a sheet of the desired material preferably metallic (such as aluminum), and preferably circular.
• the volumizing step is designed to make it possible to obtain the desired internal volume, with a junction between the internal side face 5a, 6a of at least one of the side walls 5, 6 and the internal bottom face 4a of the bottom wall, substantially angular with an internal angle (a).
• the material of the sheet intended to form the envelope 1 after shaping is therefore metallic.
• the envelope 1 designates the envelope 1 as well as the same envelope 1 during the volume setting, so including the flat sheet at the base of the envelope before any volume setting.
• a step of volume formation by magnetoforming is implemented, as shown in two examples in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively 5 and 6.
• the conventional principle of magnetoforming known to those skilled in the art. trade, is that of G use of viscoplastic properties of the material used, to obtain the desired deformation by application of a series of electromagnetic pulses of great intensity.
• the envelope 1 to be formed is first positioned near a source 9 of electromagnetic field.
• a jig 10 made of an electrically non-conductive material is positioned near the casing 1. Specifically, the source 9 is placed on a first side of the casing 1 and the jig 10 is placed on a second side of the casing. the envelope 1 opposite the first side.
• the first side of the envelope 1 to be formed in question is the side of the face of the envelope 1 intended to be oriented towards the internal volume after shaping.
• the source 9 is therefore placed on the side of the internal volume to be formed, and the template 10 is placed on the external side.
• the latter has at least one portion forming a hollow internal volume, for example a parallelepiped or a cylinder.
• the second side of the envelope 1 to be formed in question is the side of the face of the envelope 1 intended to be oriented towards the internal volume after shaping.
• the source 9 is therefore placed on the external side, and the template 10 is placed on the side of the internal volume to be formed.
• the latter has at least one portion forming the internal volume, for example a parallelepiped or a cylinder.
• the shape of the template 10 is therefore configured so as to allow the internal volume of the casing 1 to be formed by pressing this casing 1 against the jig 10 under the effect of an electromagnetic field generated by the source 9.
• a step of volume formation by stamping is implemented, so as to prepare the envelope 1 to form.
• An envelope 1 is then obtained having substantially the shape shown in Figures 3 and 5, that is to say that the intermediate internal volume created by stamping is such that the junction between the internal lateral face 5a, 6a of one or more of the side walls 5, 6 and the inner bottom face 4a of the bottom wall, is substantially rounded.
• Figures 3 and 5 therefore show an intermediate state of the casing 1, after the volume setting by stamping and before the end of the volume setting by magnetoforming.
• the Applicant has thus been able to observe a significant increase in the volumetric and gravimetric energy density, by completely or partially removing the unused zone 11 shown in FIG. 1a relating to the state of the art, as well as an increase of the heat exchange surface at the level of the bottom wall 4.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Primary Cells (AREA)

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• 2019
  • 2019-07-19 FR FR1908216A patent/FR3098998B1/fr active Active
• 2020
  • 2020-07-10 WO PCT/EP2020/069476 patent/WO2021013577A1/fr unknown
  • 2020-07-10 EP EP20737026.3A patent/EP4018504A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-07-10 US US17/626,957 patent/US20220320566A1/en active Pending

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