EP4018077A1 - Procédé de détermination de configurations de drainage de puits dans un champ - Google Patents

Procédé de détermination de configurations de drainage de puits dans un champ

Info

Publication number
EP4018077A1
EP4018077A1 EP19787412.6A EP19787412A EP4018077A1 EP 4018077 A1 EP4018077 A1 EP 4018077A1 EP 19787412 A EP19787412 A EP 19787412A EP 4018077 A1 EP4018077 A1 EP 4018077A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cells
configuration
drain
criterion
configurations
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19787412.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Pierre BERGEY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TotalEnergies Onetech SAS
Original Assignee
Total SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Total SE filed Critical Total SE
Publication of EP4018077A1 publication Critical patent/EP4018077A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/14—Obtaining from a multiple-zone well
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B2200/00—Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
    • E21B2200/20—Computer models or simulations, e.g. for reservoirs under production, drill bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B2200/00—Special features related to earth drilling for obtaining oil, gas or water
    • E21B2200/22—Fuzzy logic, artificial intelligence, neural networks or the like

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the blanking and splitting design of drains for injection or productions operations at wells in a field, and more specifically in a field containing a hydrocarbon reservoir.
  • the reservoir generally contains at least a first fluid to be produced, and potentially other auxiliary fluids to be produced along with the first fluid.
  • a third fluid and/or a fourth fluid are advantageously used to be injected in the reservoir to drive the production of the first and/or of the second fluid.
  • the first fluid is oil or gas, the second fluid being the other within gas or oil.
  • the third fluid and/or fourth fluid are generally water, gas, and/or oil.
  • the first fluid and the second fluid are preferentially hydrocarbons.
  • a drill may be performed to and through the reservoir for each well.
  • the part of a well crossing the reservoir may be used to perform the drainage of the reservoir, i.e. the extraction fluid from the reservoir and/or injection of fluid into the reservoir.
  • the well drain, drain or “drain portion” may constitute the location on the well crossing the reservoir where injection operations, for instance water and/or gas, or productions operations, for instance oil or gas, are performed.
  • a drain or portion drain may be constituted only by a small interval along of the part of the well crossing the reservoir.
  • the reservoir may comprise several regions, for example at least an aquifer, an oil leg, and a gas cap.
  • An aquifer is generally delimited upwards by a water oil contact or “WOC”.
  • An oil leg is delimited between a water oil contact and a gas oil contact or “GOC”.
  • the gas cap is located above the gas oil contact.
  • production operation it is meant operation performed at a well called “producer well”, in which a desired fluid, i.e. the first fluid and/or the second fluid, is produced.
  • producer wells aim at the extraction of the desired fluid by the intermediary of the drain of the well producer.
  • injection operations it is meant operation performed at a well called injector well, in which fluids, i.e. the third fluid and/or the fourth fluid, are injected rather than produced.
  • injector wells performed at the drain of the well, aim at maintaining reservoir pressure and substituting one fluid by another in the reservoir thus enhancing the production of the desired fluid at the producer wells.
  • a numerical gridded model of the field is generated to express the properties of the reservoir contained in the field, including geology, infrastructure, and fluid properties. Each property (e.g. geology or fluid properties) of the reservoir may be associated at respective uncertainties.
  • the uncertainties of the reservoir properties in a numerical gridded model of a field are expressed by a set of model realizations. Those realizations may be associated, equally likely, or characterized by a weight or a probability. For instance, the use of a variability of properties of the model across realizations and the space may capture a priori knowledge of relations between properties and across the space.
  • a team of scientists e.g. composed of reservoir engineers and/or reservoir geologists
  • determines the best potential locations for wells (producers and/or injectors), as well as the design of drain of each well i.e.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method implemented by computer means for determining drain configurations of wells in a field containing a hydrocarbon reservoir, said method comprising:
  • each geological gridded model among the first set of geological gridded models comprising a respective plurality of cells; - wherein each geological gridded model comprising a drain associated with a reference drain configuration (910), said reference drain configuration comprising N respective cells within the respective plurality of cells;
  • each criterion measure representing a suitability to a respective criterion among the received set of criteria; determining, based on said criterion measures, a set of non- dominated configurations among said possible configurations via a non-dominated sorting algorithm for jointly optimizing the set of criteria;
  • the second geological gridded model comprising a plurality of cells
  • reference drain configuration it is meant a drain configuration received (i.e. not obtained by applying the method of determination of drain configuration) and used for estimating some parameters. For instance, a reference drain configuration may be determined by an expert. By estimating parameters from reference drain configurations, it may then be possible to obtain automatically new drain configurations built according to a “logic of construction” similar to that used to build the reference drain configurations.
  • a “set” of elements may refer to one or more than one elements.
  • the “set of criteria” may correspond to a set of criterions, for which each criterion may be related to a specific constraint for determining a configuration of the cells of a drain.
  • each criterion may be related to a specific constraint for determining a configuration of the cells of a drain.
  • the fact that a drain configuration be optimal at a location in the subsoil may depend of the physicochemical properties of the subsoil (e.g. the fluidic properties of the cells of the drain), or/and operations performed by the drain (e.g. injection or production). Therefore, the expert (geologist or reservoir engineer) may generally determine a drain configuration according to a set of criteria that must be defined in order to automate the determining method.
  • the criterion may depend on the type of well (e.g.
  • a criterion may be computed from a set of criterion specific to respective realizations by averaging, weighted averaging or rank averaging (i.e. rank of realizations or order index, see figure 5 for an example).
  • rank averaging may refer to the process by the rank of the cell relative to a criterion may be determined for every realization and the average global criterion may be computed by averaging the rank this obtained over the respective realizations.
  • the drain configuration may be a blanking configuration determined by a blanking design or a splitting configuration determined by a splitting design.
  • blanking configuration it is meant to decide to open (or not) a part of the drain of a well on the reservoir in order to perform production or injection operations.
  • the blanking configuration may be a combination of opened or/and closed cells among the N cells of the drain.
  • splitting configuration it is meant to decide to split a part of the drain of a well on the reservoir in order to enable independent control of the flow over the isolated part.
  • the isolation may be achieved by the use of a packer for instance.
  • the splitting configuration may be a combination of insulated device between cells of the N cells of the drain.
  • a blanking design may correspond to determine an optimal blanking configuration aiming to the opening of the drain portion (i.e. the opening of the wall of the well in the drain portion).
  • a splitting design may correspond to determine an optimal splitting configuration aiming to the dividing of a portion of the drain in sub-portion, each sub-portion being isolated from each other (at least in the annular zone of the well).
  • criterion measure it is meant a measure associated to a respective criterion among the set of criteria, which quantifies the suitability of given configuration to this criterion. For instance, if the criterion is related to a distance to a given fluid (e.g. oil, water, gas), the respective criterion measure may be based on a mathematical distance or any measurement relative to a distance (e.g. a Time of Flight). A criterion measure may enable to rank the suitability of a configuration (e.g. blanking or splitting configuration) versus another. Each respective criterion measure may be determined from a set of computed values associated to a respective criterion, and each computed value of a respective criterion may be determined for each cell of a respective geological gridded model.
  • a mathematical distance or any measurement relative to a distance e.g. a Time of Flight
  • a criterion measure may enable to rank the suitability of a configuration (e.g. blanking or splitting configuration)
  • Mi criterion measures may be defined, and each M th criterion measure may be associated with a respective set of computed values, i being an integer superior or equal to 1.
  • Each computed value of an M th respective criterion measure may be defined according to a scale attached to the respective M th criterion measure, and covering the set of computed values of the M th criterion measure.
  • the determining of a drain configuration is subject to a set of criteria and therefore may correspond to a joint optimization problem.
  • an appropriate solution may consist to use a non- dominated sorting algorithm (e.g. based on the Pareto dominance principle). Such algorithm may eliminate drain configuration that are less suitable than others, the remaining configurations being called “non-dominated configurations”.
  • the “distance between the reference drain configuration respectively associated to the geological gridded model and the set of non-dominated cells” may be any mathematical tool characterizing a proximity between the two groups of drain configuration, for instance a Hausdorff distance
  • Each criterion may be associated to a respective weight which may reflect the importance that the expert gave to the criterion when determining drain configuration. These weights may be estimated to be used to determine new drain configurations, according to a similar construction logic.
  • intermediate weight it is meant a quantity determined as a calculation intermediate to estimate a weight associated with a criterion.
  • the above method advantageously may allow to determine drain optimal configurations (i.e. blanking or splitting configurations) of wells in a field completely automatically from reference drain configurations (or “training data”) and constraints of the field.
  • the automatic determination of optimal drain configuration may reduce the time and materials resources (e.g. computing equipment) consumed while allowing to obtain an optimal configuration, that a skilled man in the domain could not have identified.
  • materials resources e.g. computing equipment
  • the automatic determination of optimal drain configuration may enable to consider model uncertainty through the joint operation of the process on ensemble of model realizations.
  • the automatic determination of optimal drain configuration may enable to consider blanking and splitting aspects of well design jointly with other aspect thus enabling to leverage inter-relations between design aspects.
  • step Id lay may comprise:
  • /d/ may comprise:
  • the function of intermediate weights may be a mean of the intermediate weights w J .
  • the weights may be considered as any function of the well rank, if there is a sequence of wells/drains with a well rank. For instance, a constant function (e.g. simple averaging) or linear function (e.g. fit of weight function of the well rank in the sequence of wells pattern).
  • step Id the determining of the possible configurations may comprise:
  • the criterion measures used to determine the drain configuration may be differed according to the type of operation performed at the drain (e.g. injection or production).
  • the criterion measure may take into account the location of the others drains used for productions operations and located around the drain of which the configuration is to be determined.
  • the criterion measure may take into account the location of the unwanted liquid in the subsoil around the drain of which the configuration is to be determined.
  • the source of the unwanted liquid may be a water leg (e.g. from aquifer) or another drain used to perform injection operation for instance.
  • the determining IV of the configuration may comprise:
  • each criterion measure representing a suitability to a respective criterion among the received set of criteria
  • the non-dominated sorting algorithm may be based on the Pareto dominance principle or any NDS algorithm.
  • a plurality of configuration for said N 2 cells may be determined.
  • the determining of the second group of configurations may comprise:
  • the type of operation may be an injection operations or production operations.
  • the injection operation performed at well injector may correspond to the injection of liquid in the reservoir through the drain.
  • the production operation performed at well producer may correspond to the extraction of oil from the reservoir through the drain.
  • the second set of constraints may be the same of the first set of constraints, or it may be different.
  • the determining of the configuration for said N 2 cells may comprise:
  • N s is an integer, via a random sampling from a multidimensional distribution of the plurality of weights estimated
  • the random sampling may be performed by any adapted statistical method, for instance via Latin hypercube sampling, or Normal distribution, or Gaussian distribution.
  • proximity criterion any mathematical tool for quantifying a proximity to a point / set of points.
  • the proximity criterion may be a mathematical distance, but other tools may be used (e.g. a proximity in terms of angles with respect to a given axis).
  • a plurality of configurations may be determined. Each configuration may minimize a respective predefined proximity criterion to the N s points determined.
  • the criterion measures may comprise at least one measure among:
  • the ability of cells to flow may correspond to a first criterion measure M-i.
  • the first criterion measure Mi may represent the relative ability of cells of drain to flow from or into the well in function of geology parameters, as example, the Peaceman transmissibility index of the considered cell divided by the drain penetration length in the considered cell.
  • the ability to flow of a cell may correspond to the facility of oil extraction from each cell of the drain in the geological gridded model. This facility may be dependent of the permeability attached to the cell, and related to the Peaceman transmissibility index. The ability to flow may correspond to the ability of a liquid to pass through the cell.
  • the ability to equalize a flow of the drain may correspond to the first criterion measure Mi In the case of a splitting design.
  • the ability to equalize flow across different sub-drains may be captured by the measure of the variance across sub-drains of the sum of cell Peaceman indexes belonging to the considered sub-drain.
  • the likeliness of cells to produce at the drain (i.e. production operation) an undesired fluid may respectively correspond to a second criterion measure M 2 for a reference pressure gradient, a third criterion M 3 measure for a high pressure gradient, and a fourth criterion measure M 4 for a low pressure gradient.
  • pressure gradient it is meant well operating conditions which may be related to a flow rate of an unwanted liquid. For instance, the use of high pressure gradient (low bottom hole well pressure) determines high flow rate of oil production but may also generate a high flow rate of unwanted liquid production.
  • the likeliness of cells to produce undesired fluid at reference rate, in production operation may correspond to the diffusive time of flight in real space from the considered undesired fluid source (contact or injection well) to each cell of the portion.
  • the variation in likeliness of cells to produce undesired fluid at low and/or high pressure gradient, in production operation, may respectively correspond to the diffusive time of flight from the considered undesired fluid source in a space vertically exaggerated (or stretched) and/or reduced (or squeezed or shrinked).
  • the likeliness of cells to determine a breakthrough of an injected fluid (i.e. injection operation) at distance of production wells at a rate may correspond respectively to the second criterion measure M 2 for a reference rate, the third criterion M 3 measure for a high rate, and the fourth criterion measure M 4 for a low rate.
  • the reference rate, in injection operation may correspond to the diffusive time of flight in real space from producers to each cell of the drain.
  • the low and/or high rates, in injection operation may respectively correspond to the diffusive time of flight in exaggerated and/or squeezed space from producers to each drain cell.
  • blanking and splitting design may help to determine an optimal drain configuration suitable to produce oil at different rates without producing any unwanted liquid (e.g. gas or water).
  • the sum of the length of all blanked cells of the drain may correspond to a fifth criterion measure M 5 in the case of blanking design.
  • the fifth criterion measure may define the ability of the total well drain to flow at high rate.
  • the number of splits of the drain may correspond to the fifth criterion measure M 5 in the case of splitting design.
  • the number of splits may correspond to an investment degree, as for instance, the isolation of sub-drains may be typically operated through the use of packers bearing procurement and installation costs.
  • Packers may be located outside casing and / or liner (“swell” or “open-hole” packers) or inside the casing or liner (“conventional” packers).
  • the ability of the cells to flow from or into the drain, function of the relative location of the considered cell within the drain may correspond to a sixth criterion measure M 6 .
  • the ability may be defined by a simple indicator bi-linear function of the length, equal to 0 at the middle of the drain and equal 1 at the extremities of the drain. Extremities of a drain may be expected to contribute more (per unit length) to the flow than the drain middle since the flow pattern in the vicinity of extremities will tend toward spherical behavior while it will tend toward radial behavior elsewhere. [0067]
  • the present disclosure also relates to a method implemented by computer means for determining drain configurations of wells in a field containing a hydrocarbon reservoir, said method may comprise:
  • the geological gridded model comprising a plurality of cells, o and comprising a drain, said drain comprising N 2 cells within the plurality of cells;
  • each criterion measure representing a suitability to a respective criterion among the received set of criteria
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, having stored thereon a computer program comprising program instructions, the computer program being loadable into a data-processing unit and adapted to cause the data-processing unit to carry out the steps of any of claims 1 to 8 when the computer program is run by the data-processing device.
  • Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a device for determining drain configurations of wells in a field containing a hydrocarbon reservoir, the device may comprise:
  • each gridded model among the first set of geological gridded models comprising a respective plurality of cells
  • each geological gridded model comprising a drain associated with a reference drain configuration (910), said reference drain configuration comprising N respective cells within the respective plurality of cells;
  • a circuit for computing criterion measures each criterion measure representing a suitability to a respective criterion among the received set of criteria
  • the second geological gridded model comprising a plurality of cells
  • IV a circuit for determining a configuration for said N 2 cells based on the received set of criteria and the plurality of estimated weights.
  • Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a device for determining drain configurations of wells in a field containing a hydrocarbon reservoir, the device may comprise:
  • each criterion measure representing a suitability to a respective criterion among the received set of criteria
  • FIG. 1 illustrate a schematic view of subsoil comprising an oil reservoir to exploit.
  • Fig. 2 illustrate a schematic view of subsoil comprising an oil reservoir to exploit.
  • FIG. 2 is an example of a gridded model for performing blanking or splitting design in a possible embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 3a illustrate, in a possible embodiment of the present disclosure, a representation of computed values. .
  • FIG. 3b illustrate, in a possible embodiment of the present disclosure, a representation of computed values.
  • FIG. 3c [0077]
  • Fig. 3c illustrate, in a possible embodiment of the present disclosure, a representation of computed values.
  • FIG. 3d illustrate, in a possible embodiment of the present disclosure, a representation of computed values.
  • FIG. 4 presents, in a possible embodiment, sets of computed values of each criterion measure for the 2 4 configurations of cells blanking in the case of productions operations.
  • Fig. 5 presents, in a possible embodiment, sets of computed values of each criterion measure for the 2 4 configurations of cells blanking in the case of productions operations.
  • FIG. 5 is shows, in a possible embodiment, a ranking of the previous determined blanking configurations for each criterion measure.
  • FIG. 6 shows a non-domination analysis in one or several embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates, in a possible embodiment, a selection process of blanking configurations among the 7 previous blanking configurations (or among all the possible configurations, if process described in Figure 6 is not performed).
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart describing the determination of blanking or splitting configuration of drain cells, for injection or production operations, in a possible embodiment.
  • Fig. 9 is a flow chart describing the determination of blanking or splitting configuration of drain cells, for injection or production operations, in a possible embodiment.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart describing the estimation of parameters in a possible embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 represents a determination of the weights for a current well part, in a possible embodiment.
  • FIG. 11a presents, in a possible embodiment, sets of computed values of each criterion measure for the configurations of cells splitting in the case where all cells of the drain are opened, and for productions operations.
  • Fig. 11b presents, in a possible embodiment, sets of computed values of each criterion measure for the configurations of cells splitting in the case where all cells of the drain are opened, and for productions operations.
  • FIG. 11b shows, in a possible embodiment, a ranking of the previous determined splitting configurations for each criterion measure.
  • FIG. 12 is a possible embodiment for a device that enables the present disclosure.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a schematic view of subsoil comprising an oil reservoir to exploit.
  • Figure 1 is a representation of subsoil in two dimensions. Said subsoil may comprise a first zone 120 where no hydrocarbon and no water are present.
  • a zone 115 namely a reservoir, may comprise hydrocarbon fluid(s).
  • said subsoil may also comprise a zone 106 with water, namely an aquifer.
  • the zone 120 may have several sedimentary layers (no represented in figure 1).
  • figure 1 is presented in two dimensions, but 3D dimensions are possible.
  • layers of porous rocks comprising water may surround the oil reservoir, more precisely on sides of the oil reservoir.
  • Layers in zone 120 may have their own physicochemical properties, (e.g. a specific porosity or permeability).
  • wells 102-103 may have different trajectory, for instance vertical or/and horizontal, or even be curved.
  • the area for each well 102-103 where the oil may be extracted or a liquid may be injected through the pipeline in the well is called the drain 130-131 (or drain portion).
  • the injection/extraction may be performed through equipment such as a FCV (Flow Control Valve), an ICD (for Inflow Control Device) or an AICD (for Automated Inflow Control Device).
  • FCV Flow Control Valve
  • ICD for Inflow Control Device
  • AICD for Automated Inflow Control Device
  • an oil reservoir 115 may be composed of several sedimentary layers, and each layer may have its own physicochemical properties. [0099] In order to facilitate the oil extraction, once that the location of drain portions 130 or 131, is determined, it may be interesting to determine the blanking or splitting configuration of the drain portion, according to the physicochemical rocks properties for instance.
  • These blanking or splitting configurations may be functions, for instance, of physicochemical properties of sedimentary rock layers of the reservoir 115, but also sedimentary rock layers in the neighbourhood of the reservoir 120, function of the presence of a fluid 106 close to the oil reservoir (as water or gas for instance), function of the operation performed at the well, or function of the distance between producer/injector wells.
  • the constraint of configuration design may be different if the performed operations are for an oil production or a liquid injection.
  • the physicochemical of sedimentary rock layers and/or forces exerted at the interface 115;106 e.g.
  • an unwanted fluid from zone 106 may interfere in the production operations carried out at the drain portion 130 if said fluid is conducted to the drain portion of a production well.
  • This phenomenon is called “coning water” or “coning gas”, and may reduce the rate of oil (or gas) production.
  • the phenomenon of “coning” mainly happens when an unbalance appears between three forces: gravity, viscosity and capillarity between liquids of the reservoir (e.g. water and oil, or oil and gas, or any combination).
  • This unbalance may be caused by a high oil production rate associated to high pressure gradient, and high fluid velocity. Consequently, it may be necessary to adjust the oil production rate in order to avoid coning water/gas phenomena.
  • the adjustment of the oil production rate may consist to be under a critical oil production rate, responsible of the coning water.
  • Another cause of oil rate decreasing may be the injection of fluid close to a producer well. Indeed, in the case of injection operations carried out at the portion 131 , the injection of fluid (e.g. water) in the reservoir 115 may create locally an area of the injected fluid around the drain portion 131. And, consequently, this liquid may diffuse through the sedimentary rock layers from the portion 131 to portion 130 (of producer well) and cause the decrease of the rate oil production.
  • fluid e.g. water
  • FIG. 1 is an example of a gridded model for performing blanking or splitting design in a possible embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the field may be numerically modeled using a two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) gridded model comprising a plurality of adjacent cells 201.
  • Each cell 201 may have a specific geographical position in the model, defined by geographical coordinates (x, z) or (x, y, z).
  • each cell 201 may have a shape and a surface in the case of a 2D gridded model, or a volume in the case of a 3D gridded model.
  • Each cell 201 may be associated with cell infilling properties, which characterize the content of the cell 201 , as well as the properties of the fluid contained in the cell 201 when applicable.
  • This represented part of reservoir may also include the drain portion (or drain) of the well 102 or 103 for which the optimal configuration of the blanking or splitting design has to be determined.
  • This drain portion may be represented by a set of N cells 201 , N may be an integer superior or equal to 1.
  • the represented part of reservoir may also include a part of layer 106 corresponding to the presence of fluid, for instance water from aquifer, and named “water leg”. This water leg may be considered as an unwanted liquid source for cells used for operation productions. According to another example, an unwanted liquid source may be also the location of cells used for injection operations, for instance performed at the drain portion 131. [0111] For the sake of comprehension, 4 cells defining the drain portion 130 or
  • criterion measures M-i , M 2 , M 3 , M 4 , and M 5 are considered, named a, b, tt, W, and only 5 criterion measures are considered, named criterion measures M-i , M 2 , M 3 , M 4 , and M 5 .
  • the purpose of blanking design may be defined as a determination of an optimal configuration or a set of optimal configurations of opening or closing for each cell a, b, tt, W of the drain portion.
  • An opened cell of drain portion may be understood as an opening of the wall of the well on the reservoir in order to access the reservoir, each wall be associated to one respective cell of the drain.
  • the goal of splitting design may be defined as a determination of an optimal configuration or a set of optimal configurations of independent sub-portions for a drain, fully or partially opened. For instance, two sub-portions composed of a, b for the first one, and tt, W for the second one may be separated by an insulating device, as example a packer. Each sub-portion may be then considered as only one respective cell.
  • the splitting design of a drain portion may follow a blanking design previously performed on the same drain portion.
  • each criterion measures for all possible configuration of a, b, tt, and W, i.e. 2 N blanking configurations for N considered drain cells or 2 4 configurations for a drain with 4 cells considered in the gridded model, and then perform a ranking between all configurations on the basis of criterion measures computed values.
  • Each configuration may correspond to a combination of opened and/or closed cells.
  • A CN-1 with S corresponding to the number of splits.
  • 8 possible splitting configurations may be obtained.
  • Figure 3a to figure 3d illustrate, in one possible embodiment of the present disclosure, a representation of computed values for 5 criterion measures (M I ;M 2 ;M 3 ;M4;M5) for a first configuration of blanking or splitting intended to be used for production operations.
  • the current configuration corresponds to the opening of the cells a, b, tt, W on the reservoir.
  • none of cells is closed (said “blanked”).
  • the current configuration corresponds to the use of no insulation device. Therefore, all of the cells a, b, tt, W are merged and represent an opened portion drain with only one flow control point.
  • the opening of the drain portion may be full or partial corresponding to the determination of blanking configuration by a previous blanking design of this same drain portion.
  • each cell of the gridded model is associated with one computed value of the first criterion measure M-i, and according to a scale of computed values 320.
  • This scale may be any scale.
  • Each computed value corresponds to the ability to flow of the considered cell for a blanking design, or the ability to equalize flow of the considered cell for a splitting design.
  • the Peaceman transmissibility index (or Peaceman well index related to the permeability) of the cell a is lower than the Peaceman transmissibility index of the cell b, tt, or W.
  • the oil extraction or fluid injection at cells b, tt, or W may be easier than the cell a since the associated value index is higher.
  • a risk of vertical water coning may exist into cell a due to a maximal ability to flow around the cell a and a shortest path to water leg 106 in condition in which there is little gravity stabilization of water 106 / oil front 115.
  • Such risk may legitimate the hypothesis that it may be optimal to not open to flow cell a while leaving all other cells open to flow. In the case of blanking, it corresponds to keep the cell a closed (blanked) on the reservoir.
  • the configuration of figure 3a using none split may be not optimal since the obtained flow (e.g. oil production flow) is function only of the subsoil properties, and may be superior to a critical oil flow. If the flow may be possible only below a certain fraction of water vs. total flow rate (e.g. due to vertical lifting conditions) such fraction might be reached for an oil cumulative volume lower than the corresponding cumulative volume achieved with a split drain (that would correspond to two distinct flow rate conditions). The difference of volume might warrant the costs associated with a split design. Consequently, it might be interesting to split the cells of the drain portion in order to allow a balance of the flow for instance.
  • Figure 3b to figure 3d illustrate the use of 3 additional criterion measures with their associated computed values 330, corresponding to the diffusive time of flight in the gridded model for three conditions of exploitation: High rate (Figure 3b), Reference rate (figure 3c), and Reduced rate (figure 3d).
  • the diffusive time of flight may represent a precise and inexpensive measure of the time of arrival of a fluid from the source to the well if the source pressure is uniform at the front and at the well and the fluid from source and in reservoir share same density and viscosity.
  • the diffusive time of flight rank may represent a low cost measure of the relative risks of source fluid arrival time and rate at various locations in the reservoir if the source pressure is uniform at the front and at the well.
  • the computed ranks of diffusive time of flight with various vertical vs. horizontal stretch may represent a mean to capture relative risks of source fluid entry in a well under ranges of pressure conditions at source and well. Accuracy depends upon the distance from homogeneous conditions at source and well and variations of viscosity and density in the reservoir.
  • the diffusive time of flight may correspond to the ability for a pressure wave to go by diffusion from a cell to another cell.
  • the diffusive time of flight may be determined according to a fast marching method.
  • the computed values of the diffusive time of flight may be associated to a scale 330 or index values.
  • the DTOF may be computed using a Fast Marching Method (FMM) for structured grids, as described in the paper of J. Sethian, “A Fast Marching Level Set Method for Monotonically Advancing Fronts”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., pp. 1591- 1595, 1996.
  • FMM Fast Marching Method
  • Tsitsiklis “Efficient algorithms for globally optimal trajectories”, Automatic Control, IEEE Transactions, pp. 1528- 1538, 1995, may be applied using anisotropic slowness on any grid (including Corner Point Grids involving Non Neighbor Connection, NNC). However this method has a higher computational cost. [0129] Of course, other distance measures may be used.
  • the model of figure 3b may be a compressed model of the subsoil in the z direction.
  • the model of figure 3c may be the model of the subsoil without dimensions modification.
  • the model of figure 3d may be an extended model of the model in the z direction.
  • dimensions may have been changed, the diffusive time of flight will be modified. Indeed, the diffusive time of flight takes into account the size of the cells (e.g. the vertical size of cells - which have changed - and the horizontal size of cells - which are unmodified).
  • Figure 3b illustrates the case where the space of the gridded model is shrinked (e.g. compressed) in the vertical direction, which may simulate the presence of high flow rates of unwanted liquid (or the use of high flow rate of oil production) in the subsoil during an production operations performed at cells a, b, TT, and W.
  • the cell a with the value of 5 may present, compared to the cells b, tt, or W, the most important risk of producing unwanted liquid, as example water from the water leg. This result may seem consistent with the fact that the cell a is surrounded by cells with high Peaceman transmissibility index, and so, representing the shortest path between water leg and cell a.
  • Figure 3c illustrates the case where the space of the gridded model is considered as normal, which may correspond to a reference rate (or medium rate or normal rate or real rate).
  • Figure 3d illustrates the case where the space of the gridded model is considered as stretched (or extended), which may correspond to a low rate (i.e. below the reference rate).
  • the sets of computed value may be (5;9;9;9) for the first criterion measure M-i, (5;3;3;3) for the third criterion measure M 3 , (5;3;3;4) for the second criterion measure M 2 , and (5;3;4;5) for the fourth criterion measure M 4 .
  • the capacity of the above configuration of blanking or splitting may represent the ability of the configuration to produce oil compared to a risk of liquid breakthrough of this configuration.
  • criterion measures may be, in this case, relative to injection operation in order to evaluate the breakthrough risk of a configuration on a distant producer well or anyone of the distance producer wells in the field. Nevertheless, the above description applies likewise to the injector wells or injections operations.
  • Figure 4 presents sets of computed values of each criterion measure for the 2 4 configurations (400) of cells blanking (i.e. for cells a, b, tt, and W) in the case of productions operations.
  • Each configuration 400 is defined by a set of opened and closed cells, where a closed cell is defined by a black square, and an opened cell is defined by a white square.
  • the sets of computed values may be associated in the form of a summed value (e.g. 411) corresponding to the sum of the computed values of the considered set.
  • This summed value may be representative of a given configuration for a given criterion measure.
  • the computed value of a closed cell of a drain may be considered equal to zero.
  • a second summed value 421 may be determined by the sum of computed values of the set 420 and associated to M 3 , etc.
  • a third summed value 431 may be determined by the sum of computed values of the set 430 and associated to M 4 , etc. In the present sum, all values to be summed are different to 0 as no cells are blanked. If a cell is blanked, the associated value in the sum may have been set to 0. The previous sum may be performed for any criterion measures.
  • the determined value (e.g. 411) for a configuration of cells for a considered criterion measure may be based by an average of computed values (e.g. 410) of cells of the drain portion.
  • Figure 5 shows a ranking of the previous determined blanking configurations for each criterion measure.
  • the rankings may be determined according to the following process:
  • configurations C and D with a rank of 2 on 16 (and for criterion measure M 3 ) may be less relevant to decrease the breakthrough water risk at high flow rate than the configuration B, with a rank of 5 on 16 of a breakthrough risk.
  • the configuration B has also a better ability to flow than configurations C and D.
  • NDS Non-dominated sorting
  • the use of a non-domination analysis may help to select the best configurations among configurations having the same rank for one or several criterion measures.
  • Figure 6 shows a non-domination analysis in one or several embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the non-domination analysis may be performed by a comparison between configurations (e.g. by the use of a matrix shape).
  • the non-domination analysis may be performed by the use of any non-dominated algorithm.
  • a configuration is dominated without doubt by another configuration if every criterion measure for said configuration is below (or greater depending of the criterion - e.g. “below” for ability to flow and “greater” for water breakthrough risk (because it is a risk / drawback and not a protection / advantage)) the respective criterion measure for a second configuration.
  • configuration C is clearly dominated by configuration E (element 611 is set to 1 to show said domination) as configuration C has (as rank for each criterion measure) 3, 2, 2, 2, 12 and configuration E (as rank for each criterion measure) 3, 2, 4, 4, 12.
  • Figure 7 illustrates, in a possible embodiment, a selection process of blanking configurations among the 7 previous blanking configurations (or among all the possible configurations, if process described in Figure 6 is not performed).
  • Figure 7 is describing a case where only two criterion measures Mi and M 2 are used, corresponding respectively to the first and second criterion measure. Of course, the process may be used for more than two criterion measures.
  • each blanking configuration may be represented in the figure 7 by a couple of coordinates, each coordinate representing the value of the respective criterion measure.
  • the coordinates of each configuration may be defined by their rank for considered criterion measure minus one, and divided by the number of configurations. The coordinate for a considered criterion measure of each configuration may thus be comprised between 0 and 1.
  • the coordinates may be defined by the summed value of a configuration divided by the maximal summed values for all configurations.
  • the left figure of Fig. 7 represents the Pareto frontier 701 (in grey), and the configurations 702, according to their coordinates, on the Pareto frontier 701 (represented by circles with solid lines). It is noted (in case where the coordinates are based on the summed values) that the axis of the graph may be defined such that the origin is defined by the two minimum criterion measures for configurations located on the Pareto Frontier, even if this is not mandatory.
  • the configurations 703 under the Pareto frontier 701 are the dominated configurations, determined by the non-domination analysis, and which are not Pareto optimal, and which are eliminated as possible blanking configurations.
  • a second selection within the group of non-dominated configuration 702 may be performed. For instance, it may be decided to keep only one or a number N s of non-dominated configurations 702 considered as the optimal blanking configuration according to the different constraints cited above.
  • the second selection may then be performed by sampling N s points in the hyper-quadrant 704 containing the non-dominated configurations 702 according to the weights ⁇ w 1 ,w 2 , - , w n ⁇ associated to the corresponding criterion measures M-i, M 2 , ..., M n and to select the configuration(s) among the non- dominated configurations 702 which are the “closest” to the sampled points, according to a predefined criterion measure.
  • the sampling may be performed for instance by a Latin Flypercube sampling.
  • sampling of points may comprise the determination of coordinates of the points where distribution for determining said coordinates are any distribution, for instance centered around respective weights w 1 , w 2 (for instance, normal or gaussian distribution).
  • the “closest” non-dominated configuration 702 may be the one which minimizes a mathematical distance (e.g. Euclidian distance) to the sampled point.
  • a mathematical distance e.g. Euclidian distance
  • the “closest” non-dominated configuration 702 may be defined as follows:
  • N s may be equal to 1 allowing to obtain only one optimal possible blanking configuration.
  • Figure 8 is a flow chart describing the determination of blanking or splitting configuration of drain cells, for injection or production operations, in a possible embodiment.
  • input data for the method of blanking or splitting design may be provided with the gridded model 810.
  • the input data may be:
  • the type of configuration wanted e.g. blanking or splitting configuration for the well drain portion, or one after the other on the same drain portion.
  • One or several model realization may provide geologic information about the subsoil and reservoir to exploit.
  • Each criterion measure may be associated to a respective weight w, to give more or less importance to certain constraints compared to others (e.g. the presence of a unwanted liquid close to the drain portion).
  • the weights wi,...,w n may be also an input of the method of blanking or splitting design.
  • the same weight for a given criterion measure for both splitting and blanking may be used.
  • different weight may be used for the splitting design and blanking design on the same drain portion.
  • the location of other well drains close to the current well, or the location of injector or producer wells may be provided in input data.
  • the location and configuration of the drain 131 may be an input when the purpose is to determine a blanking or splitting configuration at the drain 130.
  • a gridded model is received with one or several previously cited input data.
  • the gridded model represents the properties of the reservoir contained in the field, the cells corresponding to the portion drain of the well, for instance the drain 130, and comprising also a plurality of adjacent cells.
  • the type of operations may be determined in order to determine the criterion measures to be used at the step 840. The type of operation depends of the input data indicating if the drain portion own to a producer or injector well.
  • a step 830 may be performed in order to determine the location on the neighboring drains or wells.
  • the design of blanking or splitting configuration may depend of the different sources of unwanted liquid in the case of production operation.
  • the sources may be from the water leg, or neighboring drains (e.g. used for injection operation).
  • the knowledge of the neighboring drains used for production operations may help to determine the optimal configuration of cells blanking or splitting.
  • one or several criterion measures to use may be determined according to the input data, and the previous step 820 or 830.
  • a set of all possible configurations of blanking or splitting may be defined, and depending on the number of cells constituting the drain (or portion drain).
  • summed values computed of each criterion measure for all configurations may be determined (see description related to Figure 4). Thus, each cell of a configuration is associated to a computed value for a considered criterion measure.
  • a ranking of all configurations for each criterion measure may be defined (see description related to Figure 5) on the basis computed values.
  • a non-domination analysis may be performed 870 (see description related to Figure 6).
  • the optimal possible configurations may correspond to the non- dominated configurations, and representat the Pareto Frontier (see description related to Figure 7).
  • a sampling of N s points in the hyper-quadrant containing the non-dominated configuration may be performed, as described with reference to the right figure of Fig. 7.
  • one or several optimal blanking configuration may be determined. This/these configurations may be the configuration(s) which is/are the closest (according to a proximity criterion) to its respective line among the selected configuration (in the example of Fig. 7, the proximity criterion being a Euclidean distance).
  • the process may be repeated until all drain portions are processed or/and to perform a splitting design on the obtained drain portion(s).
  • This method may receive, as input, a set of parameters, including the weights associated with the constraints used for determining the well pattern. It models the knowledge of the operator (reservoir engineer / geologist) for determining configuration of blanking, but this user still has to set the values of these parameters in relation with the specific knowledge of the problem (local knowledge). [0197] These parameters may define the axis of the space to be explored for determining the drain configuration, as represented for instance in Fig. 7. Flowever, even if the operator may have an intuitive understanding of the axes, it is complicated for him to quantify these axes. Therefore, the effectiveness of the method described above is reduced, because in practice the operator has to test different values of the weights and judge their relevance as a function of the result returned by the method.
  • the purpose of the method is to estimate the weights underlying the generation of the reference blanking configuration(s) in order to provide configuration(s) “close” to the reference configuration(s), i.e. built according to a similar logic.
  • weights are not positively set by the expert to generate the reference model, but they mathematically translate an intuitive knowledge of the expert on the studied geological structure.
  • Figure 9 is a flowchart describing the estimation of parameters in a possible embodiment.
  • a set of one or several reference blanking configuration(s) may be received (associated with a respective drain portion), and each blanking configuration may be defined by one or several criterion measures associated at respective weights.
  • each reference blanking configuration may be determined on the basis of each criterion measure (as for any configuration and as described in the previous Figures).
  • each reference blanking configuration may be located in the domain of the criterion measures (M 1; M 2 , M 3 , M 4 , etc.) in order to place them in the domain of Figure 10 (see below). Therefore, the values for each criterion measures may be determined for each reference blanking configuration.
  • step 930 and for each drain associated with a respective reference blanking configuration, all possible configurations (for blanking or splitting) may be determined, and non-dominated blanking configurations may be selected similarly the previous disclosure.
  • a Pareto frontier from non-dominated blanking configurations may be determined similarly to the step 820 to 870 of the figure 8.
  • reference blanking configurations considered as the closest to the Pareto frontier may be determined.
  • this determination 940 may be performed by minimizing a Flausdorff distance between the reference blanking configurations and the group of determined blanking configurations belonging to the Pareto Frontier and selecting the reference blanking configuration that minimize this distance.
  • the weights w t of the criterion measures M may be determined: these weights may correspond to the coordinates of the blanking configuration belonging to the Pareto Frontier determined at step 930 on the axis corresponding to respective criterion measures.
  • each weight w t may then be estimated as a function of the corresponding set of values
  • the estimate of the weight w t for a given type of well and a given type of part, may be a mean of the determined values w for said type of well and for said type of part.
  • Figure 10 represents a determination of the weights for a current well part, in a possible embodiment.
  • Figure 10 represents a determination of the weights as performed in steps 920 to 950 of Fig. 9.
  • the non-dominated blanking configurations of the Pareto Frontier 1001 are represented, together with the provided blanking reference configuration 1003.
  • the pair 1004 of blanking configurations comprising the configuration among the blanking configuration 1003 and the configuration among the blanking configurations 1002 of the Pareto Frontier having the lowest distance is selected.
  • the coordinates of the blanking configuration of the Pareto Frontier belonging to the selected pair 1004 correspond to the values of the weights w , w 2 5 of the respective criterion measures M lt M 2 .
  • the estimated weights may then be used as input of the method for determining blanking configuration, overcoming the above-mentioned problems related to the definition of these parameters by the operator.
  • a possible method for automatically determining blanking configuration may comprise the following steps:
  • the presented method for a blanking design at a drain portion may be used for a splitting design according to a similar methodology, except for some criterion measures which may be different, or the same criterion measure may have a different interpretation.
  • the interpretation of the computed value may correspond to the ability to flow, and may correspond to the ability to equalize to flow in the case of splitting design.
  • a cell of a drain with high ability to flow, and isolated from other cells of the same drain may be more suitable to equalize a total from cells of the drain than a cell with a weak ability to flow.
  • the criterion measure M 5 for splitting device may be related to investment degree, For instance, the use of 3 splits corresponding to 4 sub-portion of the drain portion 130 requires more investment that the use of 1 split corresponding to 2 sub-portion of the drain portion 130.
  • the previous figure 3a to figure 3d in the case of splitting design may correspond to a splitting configuration with none insulation between cells.
  • the splitting configuration performed may be performed on a drain with opened or/and closed cells, determined according to the previous blanking design for instance. In the case of splitting configuration presented in figure 3a to figure 3d, all cell of the drain are opened.
  • this splitting configuration of drain portion may be not optimal, and according to a similar methodology used for the blanking design, it may be possible to determine a ranking for each criterion measure of all splitting configurations for a given configuration (e.g. a combination of opened and/or closed cells of a drain).
  • Figure 11a presents, in a possible embodiment, sets of computed values of each criterion measure for the configurations (8 possible splitting configurations) of cells splitting (a, b, tt, and W) in the case where all cells of the drain are opened, and for productions operations.
  • Each configuration 1100 may be defined by a set of insulated devices
  • the configuration A may be defined by one only cell corresponding to the merging of the four opened cells (a, b, tt, and W) of the drain portion.
  • the configuration B using only one insulating device may be defined by 2 cells.
  • the first cell (1) may comprise one cell (a), and the second cell (2) may correspond to the three merged cells (b, TT, and W).
  • a unique value 1111 for each cell of a splitting configuration defined by merged cells may be determined.
  • Each unique value may correspond to a mean of the computed values of the considered criterion measure, and associated to the merged cells.
  • a set of unique values of a considered splitting configuration may be determined as previously explained.
  • the sets of unique values may be associated in the form of a standard deviation (e.g. 1112) determined on the basis of the set of unique values of a considered configuration.
  • a standard deviation e.g. 1112
  • the set of computed values include three values 5, 3, 3 the standard deviation of which is 0.9.
  • Computed values of the criterion measure M 5 may be defined by the opposite of the number of insulated device used for each splitting configuration. For instance, the computed value for the configuration A is equal at 0 (0 insulated devices are used), and for the configuration FI is equal at 3 (3 insulated devices are used).
  • Figure 11b shows, in a possible embodiment, a ranking of the previous determined splitting configurations for each criterion measure.
  • the rankings may be determined (according to the step 810 to 865 of the figure 8 for instance) according to the following process:
  • the splitting configuration A corresponding to the use of none insulating and the merging of cells a, b, tt, and W may constitute an optimal configuration since it is the unique configuration bearing the minimum cost possible. .
  • the maximum cost solution H may be excluded from the possibly optimal domain because it is dominated in term of ability of reducing disequilibrium per split device for all rate criterion while presenting higher cost than any other configuration.
  • a set of optimal splitting configurations may be performed by the use of the non-domination analysis. For instance, in the case of 8 possible splitting configurations, it may be possible to select 3 splitting configurations which are non-dominated (A, B, E), and then to perform the methodology according to the step 870 to 890 of figure 8 in order to select one or several optimal splitting configuration(s).
  • Figure 12 is a possible embodiment for a device that enables the present disclosure.
  • the device 1200 comprise a computer, this computer comprising a memory 1205 to store program instructions loadable into a circuit and adapted to cause circuit 1204 to carry out the steps of the present invention when the program instructions are run by the circuit 1204.
  • the memory 1205 may also store data and useful information for carrying the steps of the present invention as described above.
  • the circuit 1204 may be for instance:
  • processor or the processing unit may comprise, may be associated with or be attached to a memory comprising the instructions, or
  • a programmable electronic chip such as a FPGA chip (for « Field-Programmable Gate Array »).
  • This computer comprises an input interface 1203 for the reception of input data used for the estimation method according to the invention and an output interface 1206 for providing a set of estimated parameters 1207. These parameters may then be used as input data of the method for determining blanking or splitting configurations of drain portion detailed with reference to figure 8.
  • a screen 1201 and a keyboard 1202 may be provided and connected to the computer circuit 1204.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de détermination de configurations de drainage de puits dans un champ contenant un réservoir d'hydrocarbures, ledit procédé comprenant : • la réception d'un premier ensemble de modèles à grille géologique ; • la réception d'un ensemble de critères ; • l'estimation d'une pluralité de poids, chaque poids étant associé à un critère respectif parmi la pluralité de critères, sur la base d'une configuration de drainage de référence comprise dans le premier ensemble de modèles à grille géologique reçu et de l'ensemble de critères reçu ; • la réception d'un second modèle à grille géologique du champ ; • la détermination d'une configuration de drainage sur la base de l'ensemble de critères reçu et de la pluralité de poids estimés.
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