EP4014295A1 - Verfahren zur modellierung einer oder mehrerer energiewandlungsanlagen in einem energiemanagementsystem - Google Patents
Verfahren zur modellierung einer oder mehrerer energiewandlungsanlagen in einem energiemanagementsystemInfo
- Publication number
- EP4014295A1 EP4014295A1 EP20761140.1A EP20761140A EP4014295A1 EP 4014295 A1 EP4014295 A1 EP 4014295A1 EP 20761140 A EP20761140 A EP 20761140A EP 4014295 A1 EP4014295 A1 EP 4014295A1
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- Prior art keywords
- energy
- energy conversion
- parameters
- management system
- power
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/20—Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for modeling one or more energy conversion systems in an energy management system, at least one energy conversion system and a control and regulation unit being provided in the energy management system.
- the politically wanted and driven energy turnaround is leading to a decentralization of energy supply in the electricity, heating / cooling and mobility sectors.
- the sectors are increasingly being networked or coupled with one another. This is done, for example, with small, controllable energy conversion systems such as heat pumps, combined heat and power plants or electric vehicles.
- the decentralization means that large conventional power plants can be switched off. There is also the objective of increasing the efficiency of energy generation.
- Such energy management system can include the following components:
- one or more energy conversion systems such as combined heat and power systems, heat pumps, fuel cells, heating rods, electric vehicles, photovoltaic systems (PV systems), connected to one or more supply networks
- Sensors / meters for recording relevant energetic interfaces or parameters of energy conversion systems and storage • a local control / regulating unit which is / are assigned to individual or a group of energy conversion systems and which controls / regulates them and collects measurement data from the sensors
- one or more energy conversion systems are assigned a control / regulating unit on which the sub-functionalities of the energy management system are implemented.
- the energy management system is supplemented by a component of an energy control center for controlling the subordinate units.
- the control / regulation unit also has the functionality of a gateway or communication takes place via a separate gateway.
- Example 1 Virtual power plants for marketing the energy fed in by renewable energies on the electricity exchange
- Example 2 Control of a battery storage system in a system consisting of a PV system, battery storage and electrical consumers to increase the proportion of the energy produced by the PV system in relation to the energy consumed in the system (covering internal requirements)
- Example 3 Connection and pooling (grouping) of combined heat and power plants (combined heat and power plants) to guarantee the necessary minimum power for the provision of control power as a system service in the context of a virtual power plant
- BTC AG Brochure BTC Virtual Power Plant - Consumers and producers bundle and market, https://www.btc-ag.com/ complicate/BTC-VPP-Virtual- Power-Plant (accessed on July 3, 2019)
- a disadvantage of such known systems is that optimizations, for example with regard to economic efficiency, are only carried out to a limited extent.
- restrictions for the operation of an energy conversion system, such as requirements, are only insufficiently taken into account in deployment planning.
- system models must be generated for individual energy conversion systems and incorporated into the deployment planning and control.
- the function of the energy management system is not independent of the technology of the energy conversion systems. The flexibility that can be used to control an energy conversion system is therefore insufficient.
- the object of the invention is now to provide a method for modeling one or more energy conversion systems in an energy management system (EMS) which enables an improved, more efficient and simple control of one or more energy conversion systems in an energy management system.
- EMS energy management system
- a model generated during such modeling which depicts one or more energy conversion systems, can be used, for example, to generate a timetable for managing an energy conversion system.
- the object is achieved by a method with the features according to claim 1 of the independent claims. Developments are given in the dependent claims.
- the method for controlling an energy management system provides at least one energy conversion system and one control and regulation unit in one of these types of system.
- an abstract model is generated for each energy conversion system, in which the energy conversion system is mapped with its respective static parameters and its respective dynamic parameters.
- the static parameters and dynamic parameters are uniform and independent of the type of energy conversion system.
- the number of parameters used does not change from energy conversion system to energy conversion system, but only the content or value of a parameter differs from energy conversion system to energy conversion system.
- the abstract model contains all the information that an energy management system needs for individual sub-functionalities. This abstract model is always independent of the type of energy conversion system with its possible special features and is therefore generally applicable.
- the disadvantage of the prior art, which requires different models specially adapted to a certain energy conversion system, is overcome by the technology-independent abstract model according to the invention.
- the abstract model does not define the operation of the energy conversion system, but is used by an energy management system to determine optimized operation.
- the abstract model defines the limits within which an optimized operation must move through the energy management system so that it can be fulfilled.
- measurement data are recorded within the energy management system and transmitted to the control and regulation unit. On the basis of this measurement data, a prognosis of an expected energy demand is made.
- This energy requirement is mapped in connection with the storage potential (e.g. capacity of an electrical, thermal, chemical storage) in its time course in a so-called energy band, which has a lower energetic limit curve and an upper energetic limit curve.
- the energy conversion system is controlled within these energetic limit curves.
- the abstract models of several energy conversion systems are combined in an abstract model of several energy conversion systems by means of an aggregation and that the lower energetic limit curve and the upper energetic limit curve are determined on the basis of the abstract model of several energy conversion systems.
- the scope of the parameters does not change in an abstract and aggregated model that is then formed, since these are uniform and independent of the type of energy conversion system. Only the values of the parameters are different after aggregation. This leads to an inventive standardization and unification of the method for modeling one or more energy conversion systems in an energy management system.
- the abstract model is generated taking common energy requirements into account.
- Such common energy needs exist when two or more energy conversion systems jointly cover the needs of a consumer. For example, if a photovoltaic system and a combined heat and power system cover the needs of an electrical consumer together, there is the possibility that the photovoltaic system can cover a greater or all of the demand during the day, while the photovoltaic system does not switch on at night is involved in meeting the needs of the consumer.
- Fig. 1 an exemplary energy management system with various components
- Fig. 2 an abstract and aggregated model with further functional interrelationships in a schematic diagram
- Fig. 3 an abstract system model of an energy conversion system
- Fig. 4 a representation of basic procedural relationships in an aggregation
- Fig. 7 a schematic diagram of an energy conversion system Batteriespei cher,
- Fig. 8 a representation of performance forecasts of an energy conversion system electric vehicle
- Fig. 9 an illustration of charging and discharging processes of an electric vehicle
- Fig. 16 a representation of energetic limit curves for a Batteriespei cher
- 17 an illustration of power limit curves of a predicted power for a battery storage device
- Fig. 18 an illustration of energetic limit curves of two energy conversion systems with resulting aggregated energetic limit curves
- FIG. 1 An exemplary energy management system 1 with various components is shown in FIG.
- the energy management system 1 comprises one or more energy conversion systems 2.
- Such energy conversion systems 2 can be, for example, a combined heat and power plant, a heat pump, a fuel cell, a heating element, an electric vehicle or a photovoltaic system. It is provided here that the energy conversion systems 2, which can generate or consume energy, can be connected to a supply network 3 or to a plurality of supply networks 3.
- the energy management system 1 also includes sensors 6 or counters, wel che at various relevant energetic interfaces, detect parameters or parameters of energy conversion systems 2, supply networks 3, requirements 4 and / or energy stores 5.
- a local control and regulation unit 7 is provided, which is assigned to individual or to a group of energy conversion systems 2 and takes over the control or regulation thereof. Such a control or regulation takes place, for example, by means of corresponding control commands 8 generated by the control and regulation unit 7, which in the example of FIG. 1 are transmitted to an energy conversion system 2.
- the control and regulation unit 7 receives and processes measurement data 9 from the sensors 6 or counters 6.
- the energy management system 1 is supplemented by a component of the energy control center 10, as shown in the upper part of FIG.
- the higher-level energy management system 1 b is equipped with an interface 11.
- the higher-level energy management system 1 b can be coupled via this interface 11 directly or via a gateway 12, which can also be referred to as a connection unit, to the local energy management system 1 a to form an energy management system 1 containing both components.
- a gateway 12 or a connection unit is usually regarded as a component which establishes a connection such as a data connection between two systems.
- the gateway 12 establishes a data connection between the energy control center 10 and the control and regulation unit 7.
- the energy flows 13 are shown by means of respective dash-dash lines.
- control and regulating unit 7 data of an external forecast 14 are transmitted.
- Such data of an external forecast 14 include information on, for example, the temperature or global radiation at the location of the local energy management system 1a over a forecast period of, for example, one day in a time-resolved form of, for example, 15 minutes.
- one or more energy conversion systems 2 are each assigned a control and regulation unit 7 on which the required sub-functionalities of the energy management system 1 a are implemented.
- This control and regulation unit 7 has at least one computing unit and units for storing data. Such data can, for example, also be stored in a database system.
- the local energy management system 1a optimizes the operation of all connected energy conversion systems 2 according to various aspects, such as economic viability, energy efficiency or others, taking into account the energy demand 4.
- Such an energy demand 4 is either known or can be used in such a system on the Control and regulation unit 7 can be predicted in a suitable manner.
- Demand forecasts 29 of this type can be made, for example, on the basis of the measurement data 9 obtained in the energy management system 1, which are recorded by means of various sensors 6 or counters 6. Furthermore, external forecasts 14 such as weather data can be used for such demand forecasts 29, which can be received, for example, via the Internet 15 via radio network or DSL connection or an energy control center 10.
- the energy management system 1 has an associated control and regulation unit 7 with corresponding interfaces for connecting the transmitted measurement data 9.
- the control and regulation unit 7 is furthermore equipped with corresponding interfaces for connection equipped with one or more energy conversion systems 2.
- the control and regulation unit 7 also has an interface to the superordinate energy management point 10.
- a connection unit 12 such as a gateway can be used are provided.
- the functionality of the connection unit 12 can also be integrated into the control and regulation unit 7.
- the higher-level energy management system 1 b coordinates several subordinate local energy management systems 1 a, which in turn can consist of one or more energy conversion systems 2 and an associated control and regulation unit 7.
- the coordination of such an energy management system 1, takes place on the basis of various target variables, such as economic viability, energy efficiency, peak load capping and others.
- the function of the energy management system 1 is based on the recorded measurement data 9, which are forwarded to the higher-level energy management system 1b by the connection unit 12 (gateway) or the control and regulation unit 7 with connection unit functionality.
- Information on the coordination of the individual energy conversion systems 2 is transmitted from the energy control center 10 of the higher-level energy management system 1b to the control and regulation unit 7, which transfers it to the subordinate energy conversion systems 2.
- this information for coordination can be direct control commands such as switching on (ON) or switching off (OFF) of a target output specification (Psoii) for the corresponding energy conversion system 2.
- At least one model representing the energy management system 1 is stored.
- the energy management system 1 can use such a model to plan the use of the energy conversion systems 2.
- the operation of the energy management system 1 can be monitored by means of the control and regulation units 7 in real-time operation.
- the energetic shift potential indicates how long an energy conversion system 2 can be switched off without violating restrictions such as a heat requirement or how long an energy conversion system 2 can remain switched on until the storage or energy storage 5 is filled to the maximum.
- an application planning that is to say a prognosis of the future, desired operation of the controllable energy conversion systems 2 can be undertaken.
- the partial functionalities that an energy management system 1 must have can be broken down into operational planning, control / regulation and operational monitoring.
- an application for example reducing the peak zenload in an electrical supply network 3
- the logical links resulting from the application must be taken into account and are therefore mapped in the model.
- a logical connection is how, for example, a specific energy conversion system 2, for example an electric vehicle 42, can contribute to reducing the peak load in an electrical supply network 3, taking into account the availability of the electric vehicle 42 and at the same time ensuring that the Demand 4 for mobility is always sufficient energy in the storage of the electric vehicle 42 is available.
- demand forecasts 29 for energy demand 4 as well as generation forecasts 39 for feeding in non-controllable energy conversion systems 2 are used as parameters for the energy management system 1.
- a non-controllable energy conversion system 2 is, for example, a photovoltaic system.
- the energy management system 1 uses the models to implement the planned operation for the energy conversion systems 2 in real time. Here at must be controlled or regulated and monitored. Failures and / or deviations must be recognized promptly and compensated for.
- Energy management systems are based on the fact that the models of the energy conversion systems 2 are configured manually as individual models with their static parameters. Each energy conversion system 2 is always described using its own manufacturer or technology-specific model.
- the energy management system with its sub-functionalities of deployment planning, control / regulation and operational monitoring must therefore be specifically adapted to the respective application, i.e. the various manufacturer-specific or technology-specific models must be integrated into the process.
- different goals for the operation or limits that restrict the operation of the energy conversion systems 2 must be taken into account separately in the energy management system and in the procedures for deployment planning, control / regulation and operational monitoring. Examples of operating limits of such systems are, for example:
- two or more energy conversion systems 2 which cover a common energy requirement 4 or are connected to a control and regulation unit 7 and are functionally related, are in a logical connection or a logical connection.
- a functional relationship exists, for example, in a system consisting of two combined heat and power plants 2, which together cover the thermal requirements 4 in a building.
- An energy management system 1 is superordinate to model 16 with its partial functionalities such as deployment planning with regard to the available resources of energy conversion systems 2, energy storage 5 and energy requirements 4. Further partial functionalities are the control and / or regulation as well as the operational monitoring of the energy conversion systems 2 belonging to the energy management system 1 .
- Such an abstract, aggregated model 16 describes the combination of several individual abstract models 26 each of a real energy conversion system 2. It thus represents a model 16 of an overall system in an energy management system 1 and includes all associated subordinate or subordinate systems or systems. Components such as energy conversion systems 2. By abstracting both individual models and the overall system (several systems), the partial functionalities of the energy management system 1 can be described independently of the actual type of energy conversion system 2.
- an energy conversion system 2 can be both a fuel cell and a heat pump or another system.
- an energy management system 1 is independent of the amount of energy conversion systems 2 in the overall system, since it allows the aggregation of a wide variety of system types.
- the simple mapping of several energy conversion systems 2 with their stores and / or requirements, which are logically related, that is, cover a common requirement or are assigned to a control and regulation unit 7 and are functionally related, is thus possible.
- Implementation of energy management systems 1 is significantly simplified in this way.
- the abstract model 16 is part of the energy management system 1, but upstream of the individual sub-functionalities. It is implemented on the control and regulation unit 7 in a local energy management system 1 a or in a higher-level energy management system 1 b. In the case of a superordinate energy management system 1 b, implementation in the energy control point 10 is also possible.
- the abstract model 16 consists of static parameters 17 and dynamic parameters 18.
- the abstract model 16 is used on two levels or that the abstract model 16 extends over two levels. On the one hand on the second level 23 of the individual energy conversion systems 2, on the other hand on a superimposed first level 22.
- FIG. 2 also shows the process of disaggregation 21, in which control commands 25 for controlling the individual energy conversion systems 2 are generated from target commands 24 and data from the available model 16.
- the static parameters 17a for each energy conversion system 2 are first configured once in a general model 26a that depicts this energy conversion system 2.
- An energy conversion system 2a, an energy store 5a and an energy requirement 4a to be covered can be assigned to such a model 26a, as is shown in FIG.
- the static parameters 17a thus include the parameters of the energy conversion system 2a, the energy storage device 5a and the energy demand 4a to be covered.
- the parameters 17 and 18 are uniform and independent of the type of energy conversion system 2.
- the static parameters 17a, 17b, ..., 17n of several abstract models at the level of an individual system are then fed to an aggregation 19, as shown in FIG Figures 2 and 4 is shown.
- a suitable reference system 38 is first established, for example the primary, most important energy conversion system 2.
- This reference system 38 is used in all aggregation steps 19 and disaggregation steps 21 up to the higher-level abstract model.
- the aggregation 19, ie the linking of models at the system level, takes place on the basis of mathematical algorithms which are dependent on the respective static parameters to be aggregated. In this case, joint energy requirements 4 that must be covered by the systems and the energy interfaces must also be taken into account.
- auxiliary variables 20 are then derived using mathematical methods and aggregated again, as is shown by way of example in FIG. These auxiliary variables 20 are used in combination with the dynamic parameters 18 of the system models for deployment planning by the energy management system 1. The result is the static parameters 17 of a group of systems that contain the same parameters as the model of a single system and are expanded by the auxiliary variables.
- the dynamic parameters 18 In addition to the static parameters 17, the dynamic parameters 18 have a special rank.
- the dynamic parameters 18 essentially serve the energy management system 1 for deployment planning. These are continuously changing values. They describe the energetic limits within which a system or a combination of systems can be controlled. For an energy conversion system 2, this is indicated by two energetic limit curves 27,
- Restrictions for free plant operation can be:
- Schedules operation of the system at the desired times desired
- Blocking times system operation prohibited due to e.g. noise emissions
- the first and the second energetic limit curve 27 and 28 thus describe the future energetic so-called shift potential, which is given by an energy conversion system 2.
- the dynamic parameters 18 are supplemented by a so-called control potential, which describes the controllability of the energy conversion system 2 with regard to its performance.
- These dynamic parameters 18 or 18a, 18b,..., 18n are determined based on demand forecasts 29, which are to be predicted for the energy demands 4 to be covered by the respective energy conversion system 2.
- the demand forecasts 29 are created on the basis of external forecasts 14, such as weather forecasts and historical measured values 31, which have been recorded and temporarily stored by the connection unit 12 (gateway).
- the demand forecasts 29 are processed in a processing step 63 using mathematical algorithms 33 taking into account the restrictions 32 for the free operation of the energy conversion system 2 and the static parameters 17 as well as by means of measurement data 9.
- a so-called control potential which defines so-called power limit curves 52 and 53 or energetic limit curves 27 and 28, within which regulation can take place, is created for the energy conversion system 2.
- the static parameters 17 and the restrictions 32 for the free operation of the energy conversion system 2 are used.
- These restrictions 32 can be generated by means of a configuration 35, for example.
- first optimizations 34 can be carried out directly on the energetic limit curves 27 and 28.
- Such a first optimization 34 can relate, for example, to desired times of the operation of an energy conversion system 2, the energetically efficient operation of the energy conversion system 2 or also a storage charge management e.g. of a storage unit 5 connected to the energy conversion system 2. For example, it could be provided that an energy conversion system 2 should not be operated at night.
- the dynamic parameters 18a of a first energy conversion system 2 are provided, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the dynamic parameters 18 or 18a, 18b,..., 18n are created for each individual energy conversion system 2.
- One advantage here is that these parameters are based on mathematical methods or a mathematical algorithm 33 in one step of the aggregation 19 can be provided. This step of the aggregation 19 is shown in FIG. 4 both for static parameters 17 and for dynamic parameters 18.
- the reference system 38 is also used again. In aggregation 19, auxiliary variables 20 are derived again.
- the dynamic parameters 18 can then be supplemented by second optimizations 64.
- comprehensive optimizations between different energy conversion systems 2 and taking into account non-controllable energy requirements 4 and / or energy generation 39 are of particular interest.
- the energy requirements 4 can be calculated in advance by means of a demand forecast 29
- the energy generation 39 can be calculated using a generation forecast 39.
- Second optimizations 64 can be, for example, the energy efficiency of an overall system or the optimization of internal requirements, i.e. the maximum use of the generation by energy conversion systems 2 for requirements and avoidance of feeding into supply networks 3. This is particularly relevant in higher-level energy management systems 1b to various to take local targets into account in operational planning. For this purpose, desired operating times can be determined by an optimization algorithm, whereby the dynamic parameters 18a, 18b, ..., 18n are modified. This leads to the limitation of the energetic limit curves 27 and 28 and thus a limitation of the usable energetic shift potential. For operational planning, however, this means that various goals can be met in parallel. This increases the profitability of a higher-level energy management system 1 b.
- All the mathematical methods used are designed to be reversible, so that the disaggregation 21 in FIG. 2 is made possible, in which the control commands 25 for controlling the individual energy conversion systems 2 are generated.
- the static and dynamic parameters 17 and 18 of the energy conversion systems 2 are used here.
- the derived auxiliary variables 20 are particularly relevant, since only they make it possible to compensate for the loss of information that occurred during the data aggregation 19 and to implement a reliable disaggregation 21.
- a schedule or schedule is determined by the deployment planning, this is translated into a schedule or schedule for each individual energy conversion system 2 using the abstract model 16. This has the advantage that not every energy conversion system 2 has to be integrated into the energy management system 1 for communication purposes, but the integration of the aggregated model 16 (system) is sufficient.
- limits in the models of the energy conversion system 2 makes it possible to achieve a reliable distribution.
- Such limits can be, for example, requirements 4 to be covered (heat requirements), availability of an energy conversion system 2, time schedules, maximum possible or minimum necessary feed into the supply network 3 or storage charge states.
- the abstract model 16 enables a uniform interface to the sub-functionalities of the energy management system 1 such as deployment planning, control, regulation to be generated, after which these do not have to be adapted to the application.
- the dynamic parameters 18, 18a, 18b, ..., 18n over different levels with different limits, such as schedules, blocking times, availability times or requirements, or optimization goals such as optimizations with regard to the energy efficiency of an individual energy wall treatment system 2, with regard to the energy efficiency of several energy conversion systems 2 or an optimization of internal requirements, can be processed.
- the abstraction also allows restrictions in the electrical networks to be easily taken into account without further increasing the complexity of the energy management system 1. For example, the maximum allowable feed-in by the energy conversion system 2 and the network of energy conversion systems 2 can be taken into account as a function of the predicted feed-in behavior of photovoltaic systems in a local network.
- the dynamic parameters 18, 18a, 18b, ..., 18n are of particular relevance in the method, since this enables the energy management system 1 to deliver valid solutions regardless of the procedure, which system parameters Meter 17 and 18, energy requirement 4, restrictions 32 for local system operation and local optimizations. With the optimization in the sense of the energy management system 1, parallel use cases can be fulfilled, ie various optimization goals can be implemented without great effort.
- the use of the abstract model 16 is not limited to a control and regulation unit 7. It can also be used in the energy control center of a superordinate energy management system 1b.
- the energy management system 1 shown in FIG. 5 is used to describe the method for controlling an energy management system in an exemplary embodiment.
- this energy management system 1 there is an electrical general consumption 40, a photovoltaic system 41 (PV system), an energy storage device 5 in the form of a battery storage device and an electric vehicle 42 which is connected to the charging box 43 via a connection socket 45 and charged can be.
- PV system photovoltaic system 41
- an energy storage device 5 in the form of a battery storage device
- an electric vehicle 42 which is connected to the charging box 43 via a connection socket 45 and charged can be.
- the battery storage 5 and the charging box 43 are controllable systems, that is to say the charging or discharging can be specified by the control and regulation unit 7 of the energy management system 1 by means of control commands 25.
- the PV system 41 is viewed as a non-controllable system, ie the provision of power cannot or should not be influenced by the control and regulation unit 7.
- the control and regulation unit 7 records the energy flows 13 for both energy conversion systems 2, i.e. the electrical consumer 40 and the charging box 43, as well as the PV system 41 via the sensors 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d, which can also be part of the energy management system 1 .
- the first sensor 6a determines the power PSP from or to the energy store 5.
- the second sensor 6b determines the power PPV of the PV system 41, while the third sensor 6c determines the power PE-FZG to the charging box 43 or to the electric vehicle 42.
- a sensor 6d is provided for detecting the power PHaus to the house or from the house, the energy management system 1 being on in this example System for a house with its components 40, 41, 42 and 5 is.
- the sensor 6d is, for example, the electrical energy meter or main meter in the house, which is connected to the control and regulation unit 7 and which is relevant to accounting.
- the sensor 6d or main meter in the house is connected to a general supply network 44.
- the illustration in FIG. 5 shows that the sensors 6a to 6d transmit their measurement data 9 to the control and regulation unit 7 and the control and regulation unit 7 can send control commands 25 to the energy store 5 and the charging box 43.
- controllable system is the charging box 43, which is controlled by means of the control commands 25 transmitted by the control and regulation unit 7.
- control commands 25 transmitted by the control and regulation unit 7.
- the battery 46 with its capacity is to be understood as the energy storage device in the electric vehicle 42.
- the need is the mobility of the electric vehicle 42, which, however, cannot be recorded for the energy management 1.
- the requirement thus arises from the necessary energy that has to be recharged when the electric vehicle 42 is connected to the charging box 43, for example via the connection socket 45.
- FIG. 6 also shows a battery inverter 47, which is directly connected to the rechargeable battery 46, as well as the motor 48 of the electric vehicle 42.
- the structure for the battery storage 5 is shown in FIG.
- the Batteriespei cher 5 is special in structure because it has no need.
- the battery storage 5 is to be understood as a combination of a controllable generator 49, a second accumulator 50 and a controllable consumer 51.
- An energy conversion system 2 in this context means that two forms of energy are coupled to one another using an internal process.
- One of the two forms of energy (can also be identical) is to be regarded as the primary form of energy (form of energy 1). This essentially serves as a variable for marketing / optimization in the energy management system 1.
- Example charging box for an electric vehicle is
- Energy form 1 electrical energy
- Energy form 2 thermal energy
- the main output variables are the system parameters, i.e. the static parameters 17 and the dynamic parameters 18.
- these can be, for example:
- Power control mode Mr Ah ⁇ o Corresponds to the power control mode (discrete control, modulating power control) o
- discrete control, modulating power control discrete
- Switch-off time constant TAbsAni o Corresponds to a period of time for the switch-off of a system (important for control) o Taken from the performance curve for the electric vehicle o E.g. TAbsAnF 30 min
- Energy conversion index: o corresponds to a universal conversion code between the power in energy form 1 and the power in energy form 2 in depen dependence of the power levels o Since, in the electric vehicle 42, the primary and secondary energy form is identical, the factor takes into account only the losses of the Encrypt averaging unit and is approximately a to
- the storage capacity corresponds to a storable energy in the storage, which is assigned to the energy conversion system and is based on the energy conversion number on the primary energy form 1.
- the dynamic parameters 18 of an energy conversion system 2 in this case the electric vehicle 42, essentially consist of:
- the creation of the lower power limit curve 52 Pprog min and the upper power limit curve 53 Pprog max is described. These describe what power an energy conversion system 2 can be specified at a point in time.
- the static parameters 17 of the energy conversion system 2 and the restrictions 32 for the system operation are used.
- the first-mentioned essentially includes the Pi_s Ani performance levels.
- the possible charging periods ie the periods of time in which the electric vehicle 42 is connected to the charging box 43, should be mentioned as a restriction 32 for the plant operation.
- the information is combined during processing.
- the power limit curves 52 and 53 result from the minimum and maximum power level.
- the power limit curves 52 and 53 are shown in FIG. FIG. 8 shows a predicted power P 54 over time.
- the areas B2, B3 and B4 shown represent time periods in which the electric vehicle 42 is connected to the charging box 43 via the connection socket 45 and can be charged.
- the dash-dot line represents the lower power limit curve 52 Pprog min, while the dash-dash line shows the upper power limit curve 53 Pprog max.
- area B3 for example, it is possible to charge the electric vehicle 42 between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. the following day.
- the lower energetic limit curve 27 Eprog min and the upper energetic limit curve 28 Eprog max are created.
- the starting point for the creation of the dynamic parameters 18 is the creation of a demand forecast for a period in the future and for which the energy management system is to carry out an optimization with regard to various possible optimization goals.
- the demand prognosis 29 is created for each energy conversion system 2 with an energy demand 4 and indicates the future demand over time. It is created from the measured values on demand / storage behavior or from derived variables.
- the prognosis can be obtained from the power curve of the charging process and the storage states, as is shown by way of example in FIG.
- FIG. 9 shows the course of the storage charge state 58 Esp act over time.
- the actual charging power Pist is shown in the direction of the left Y-axis in FIG.
- a reload dependent on the current charge of the battery 46 of the electric vehicle 42 takes place.
- the charging time is dependent on the energy consumption from the battery 46 between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m., this being linearly interpolated.
- processing is carried out using mathematical algorithms. For this purpose, the cumulative sum 56 Esum prog for the forecasted charging capacity (mobility requirement) is first formed.
- E sum prog for all ie [0 ... t], where i ... corresponds to a counting index for the performance values.
- FIG. 11 shows the course of the forecast charging power 56 in its course over time.
- the static parameters 17 or system parameters by means of the storage capacity Es P ka P , the storage state of charge at the time Es P (t a w) and the lower and upper power limit curves 52 and 53, the lower and upper energetic limit curves are ven 27 and 28 determined (Eprog min, E P rog max).
- the aim here is also to rule out impermissible conditions.
- FIG. 12 shows the time course of the charging power Esum prog 56, which runs between the lower energetic limit curve 27 Eprog min and the upper energetic limit curve 28 Eprog max. In the direction of the Y axis in FIG. 9, the cumulative sum 57 Esum is shown.
- FIG. B1 represents an area with an impermissible state.
- B2, B3 and B4 are areas in which charging is possible, so-called possible charging periods. All 4 areas are taken into account in that the lower and upper power limit curves 52 and 53 are taken into account.
- the lower energetic limit curve 27 is processed on the basis of the restrictions 32 for free system operation.
- system optimizations can be taken into account. This could, for example, be the requirement that charging always takes place at the end of the possible reloading period. However, such a system optimization is not necessary for the electric vehicle 42 due to the low standstill losses.
- the following are the static and dynamic parameters of the battery storage model.
- the individual system of the battery storage 5 has no need to cover the secondary form of energy. Therefore, the rise in the lower and upper energetic limit curve 27 and 28 is zero. Since the battery storage 5 can also assume negative power values, in the case of a feed, the result with the lower and upper energetic limit curves 27 and 28 is an axis-parallel band to the abscissa, as shown in FIG.
- the lower power limit curve 52 associated with this battery storage device 5 and the upper power limit curve 53 are shown in FIG.
- the two energy conversion systems 2 have no jointly covered needs.
- An example for this case would be, for example, if two CHP systems covered the heating demand of a building via the same heating circuit.
- a reference system is only necessary if two or more energy conversion systems 2 jointly cover an energy demand 4.
- a reference system must then be specified for the aggregation 19, which is usually the prioritized system and is primarily used.
- the individual static parameters 17 and 17a can be superimposed, for example, using the algorithms mentioned below:
- Power levels P LS1 o
- Power levels P LS1 o
- discrete power levels aggregation by forming all possible combinations without repetition, addition of values and ascending sorting o
- Possible further processing is, among other things, the reduction of power levels
- Switch-off time constant TAbs o Switch-off time constant results from the maximum of all switch-off time constants
- auxiliary variable 20 is derived.
- This auxiliary variable 20 is a performance vector, which results from the performance levels, the energy conversion indicators, the knowledge of joint needs 37 to be covered and the specified reference system. It is shown below as P LS and supplements the static parameters 17.
- the dynamic parameters 18 and 18a of the two energy conversion systems 2 must also be aggregated.
- the lower and upper limit curves 27, 27 ' and 28, 28 ' of the two energy conversion systems 2 are added.
- the knowledge of the energy requirements 37 to be covered jointly and the reference system must also be considered in the aggregation 19.
- the result of the aggregation 19 is shown in FIGS. 18 and 19.
- FIG. 18 shows in a common representation the lower and upper energetic limit curves 27 and 28 for the electric vehicle 42 as well as the lower and upper energetic limit curves 27 ' and 28 ' for the battery storage 5.
- the result of the processing according to the method results in the aggregated lower energetic limit curve 59 and the aggregated upper energetic limit curve 60, as shown in FIG.
- the Y-axis corresponds to a cumulative sum.
- FIG. 19 shows a common representation of the lower and upper power limit curves 52 and 53 for the electric vehicle 42 and the lower and upper power limit curves 52 ' and 53 ' for the battery storage device 5.
- the result of the processing according to the method is the aggregated lower one Power limit curve 65 and the aggregated upper limit curve 66, as shown in FIG.
- the Y-axis shows the predicted power P.
- the aggregated lower power limit curve 65 covers the lower power limit curve 52 'of the battery store.
- an auxiliary variable 20a is derived again as part of the aggregation process, which describes how long an energy conversion system 2 or a combination of energy conversion system 2n must be in operation at maximum power in order to meet the lower energetic limit curve 27.
- This auxiliary variable supplements the dynamic parameters 18.
- the systems that cannot be influenced such as a photovoltaic system 42 and the electrical consumer 40, can still be taken into account.
- An optimization is possible here both in the energetic limit curves 59 and 60 according to FIG. 18 and in the power limit curves 65 and 66 according to FIG. 19.
- the power limit curves with the prognoses in FIG. 20 can be seen as an example.
- FIG. 20 shows, between the aggregated lower power limit curve 65 and the aggregated upper power limit curve 66, a demand prognosis 29 of the energy demand and a generation prognosis 39.
- the controllable energy conversion systems 2 can be operated at a minimum and maximum, taking into account the non-controllable energy conversion systems 2.
- the maximum permissible power i.e. the aggregated to reduce upper power limit curve 66 at least partially.
- the reduction can be different, depending on how high the "level" of optimization should be.
- FIG. 21 the power limit curves optimized in this way, that is to say the adapted aggregated lower power limit curve 61 and the adapted aggregated upper power limit curve 62 are shown.
- the space between the lower power limit curve 61 and the upper power limit curve 62 is the area available at the time in which the energy management system 1 can control individual energy conversion systems 2 using the corresponding control and regulation unit 7.
- PV system Photovoltaic system
- Controllable energy generator further battery controllable consumer lower power limit curve upper power limit curve predicted power P predicted mobility demand curve predicted charging power Esum prog cumulative total Esum storage state of charge Esp act aggregated lower energetic limit curve aggregated upper energetic limit curve adapted aggregated lower power limit curve adapted aggregated upper power limit curve processing second optimization aggregated lower power limit curve aggregated upper power limit curve
- Anl switch-off time constant currently corresponds to the duration required for the process of switching off an energy conversion system (2)
- -Anl Energy conversion index of an energy conversion system (2) corresponds to the ratio between the power on the side of energy form 1 to the power on the side of energy form 2
- P Sp ka P Ani EFi Electrical storage capacity related to energy form 1 corresponds to the storable energy in the memory (5), which is assigned to the energy conversion system (2), related to the side of energy form 1
- P Sp kaP Ani EF2 Electrical storage capacity related to energy form 2 corresponds to the storable energy in the storage unit (5), which is assigned to the energy conversion system (2), related to the side of energy form 2
- the E-FZG storage capacity of an electric vehicle (42) based on the energy form 1 sR Ah1 power noise of an energy conversion system (2) corresponds to a percentage value that describes how great the undesired fluctuation in the electrical power of the energy conversion system (2) is in operation , related to energy form 1
- ⁇ progmax power curve according to the upper power limit curve (53), corresponds to forecast values p rogmin cumulative energy curve of the lower energetic limit curve (27), corresponds to forecast values p rogmax cumulative energy curve of the upper energetic limit curve (28), corresponds to forecast values
- £ Sp is the curve of the energy stored at the current point in time in a memory (5) that is assigned to an energy conversion system (2), here for an electric vehicle (42)
- P is the curve of the electrical power for an energy conversion system (2), here the charging power for an electric vehicle (42)
- P prog Predicted output for an energy conversion system (2), which is to be covered as demand by the energy conversion system (2), here the forecasted charging capacity of an electric vehicle (42)
- TA t bs switch-off time constant corresponds to the maximum time that the process of switching off several energy conversion systems (2) requires a Energy conversion index for a combination of several energy conversion systems (2), corresponds to the ratio between the power on the energy form 1 side and the power on the energy form side 2
- Electrical storage capacity related to energy form 1 corresponds to the storable energy of several storage units (5), which is assigned to several energy conversion systems (2), related to the side of energy form 1 s R power noise of several energy conversion systems (2), corresponds to a percentage value , which describes how great the undesired fluctuation of the electrical power of the energy conversion system (2) is in operation, based on energy form 1
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DE102019121990.6A DE102019121990A1 (de) | 2019-08-15 | 2019-08-15 | Verfahren zur Modellierung einer oder mehrerer Energiewandlungsanlagen in einem Energiemanagementsystem |
PCT/DE2020/100709 WO2021027994A1 (de) | 2019-08-15 | 2020-08-13 | Verfahren zur modellierung einer oder mehrerer energiewandlungsanlagen in einem energiemanagementsystem |
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DE102005056084A1 (de) | 2005-11-24 | 2007-06-14 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Kontrolle und zur Steuerung bereitzustellender elektrischer Energie sowie zur Harmonisierung der Belastungsstrukur eines Versorgungsnetzes |
US20090088907A1 (en) | 2007-10-01 | 2009-04-02 | Gridpoint, Inc. | Modular electrical grid interface device |
DE102009044161A1 (de) | 2009-10-01 | 2010-04-08 | Grönniger, Stefan | System und Verfahren zur Steuerung miteinander gekoppelter Energieerzeugungs-, Speicher- und/oder Verbrauchseinheiten |
US9251479B2 (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2016-02-02 | General Electric Technology Gmbh | Multi-interval dispatch method for enabling dispatchers in power grid control centers to manage changes |
US8718850B2 (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2014-05-06 | Nec Laboratories America, Inc. | Systems and methods for using electric vehicles as mobile energy storage |
US8417391B1 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-04-09 | Restore Nv | Automated demand response energy management system |
US9379559B2 (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2016-06-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method of charging a vehicle using a dynamic power grid, and system and method of managing power consumption in the vehicle |
US9690312B2 (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2017-06-27 | Viridity Energy, Inc. | Facilitating revenue generation from wholesale electricity markets using an engineering-based energy asset model |
US9785130B2 (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2017-10-10 | Nec Corporation | Decentralized energy management platform |
GB2562782B (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2020-02-19 | Origami Energy Ltd | Power distribution control with asset assimilation |
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