EP4003909A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum automatisierbaren anfahren einer dampfreformeranordnung in den normalbetriebszustand sowie verwendung sowie steuerungs-/regelungseinrichtung sowie computerprogrammprodukt - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zum automatisierbaren anfahren einer dampfreformeranordnung in den normalbetriebszustand sowie verwendung sowie steuerungs-/regelungseinrichtung sowie computerprogrammproduktInfo
- Publication number
- EP4003909A1 EP4003909A1 EP20739335.6A EP20739335A EP4003909A1 EP 4003909 A1 EP4003909 A1 EP 4003909A1 EP 20739335 A EP20739335 A EP 20739335A EP 4003909 A1 EP4003909 A1 EP 4003909A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- burners
- temperature
- startup
- pressure
- steam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/0033—Optimalisation processes, i.e. processes with adaptive control systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts with external heating of the catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/2415—Tubular reactors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00157—Controlling the temperature by means of a burner
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00162—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00164—Controlling or regulating processes controlling the flow
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/042—Purification by adsorption on solids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/042—Purification by adsorption on solids
- C01B2203/043—Regenerative adsorption process in two or more beds, one for adsorption, the other for regeneration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/061—Methanol production
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/068—Ammonia synthesis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0816—Heating by flames
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1604—Starting up the process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1609—Shutting down the process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1614—Controlling the temperature
- C01B2203/1619—Measuring the temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1628—Controlling the pressure
- C01B2203/1633—Measuring the pressure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for automatically starting a steam reformer arrangement into the normal operating state, in particular from standstill.
- the invention also relates to the use of a burner arrangement comprising at least three groups of burners, each coupled to at least one reactor with reformer tubes, for starting a steam reformer arrangement from standstill to normal operating mode.
- the invention relates to start-up processes in which a large number of burners must be operated in such a way that a certain temperature gradient is not exceeded.
- the invention relates to a device and a method according to the preamble of the respective independent or subsidiary claim.
- the ignition of burners and / or the operation of valves and distributors takes place manually or by individual manual control (Fland valves, ignition lances).
- the corresponding system components have to be set manually over a comparatively long period of time in such a way that target parameters with regard to pressure and temperature (especially the heating rate) must be adhered to as precisely as possible.
- operators or controllers must also monitor the acoustic characteristics of individual flames. In view of the time required for the start-up process, this also justifies high personnel expenditure.
- a temperature gradient of 50K / h for example, can be named as the usual maximum load on a system. Since a comparatively large safety factor has to be taken into account with manual operation, this leads to a start-up process in which the temperature gradient is significantly lower.
- a temperature level of 700 ° C in the reactor can be specified as the lower limit for normal operation.
- the current pressure must be monitored, which should also gradually increase in the start-up phase, depending on the system configuration.
- numerous media flows must be routed and dimensioned in the start-up phase, in particular for the purpose of returning them to the process.
- a steam process should also be monitored and adapted in terms of time to the current operating state in the reactor.
- DE 10 2008 046 800 A1 describes a control method with regard to the problem of avoiding overheating of reformer tubes during a warm start.
- No. 2,085,195 describes some safety measures with regard to the start-up phase of process engineering systems.
- the object of the invention is to provide a device and a method with the features described above, with which the start-up of steam reformer processes can be designed advantageously, in particular through robust process engineering optimization, in particular also with regard to personnel expenditure, in particular with regard to automation, standardization , Operational safety.
- this object is achieved in particular by a steam reformer arrangement, in particular for the production of hydrogen or methanol or ammonia or synthesis gas, with: a plurality of burners coupled to at least one reactor with reformer tubes, the steam reformer arrangement being set up for a controlled start-up of production;
- the steam reformer arrangement is set up for the automated start-up of production without manual intervention, neither on the distributors or valves nor on the burners, the steam reformer arrangement having: on the one hand, burners ensuring normal operation, in particular non-startup burners, and, on the other hand, burners specially provided for start-up, in particular pilot burners and start-up burners, the burners specifically intended for start-up being set up for indirect temperature-dependent ignition of the burners intended for normal operation, in particular automated as a function of signals from at least one flame monitoring unit and / or at least one temperature measuring unit.
- the automated ignition and start-up can avoid an overload condition with good security.
- any manual actions can be automated.
- only the start / beginning of the start-up process is specified manually. For example, several man-days can be saved.
- the system operator can optionally choose whether the process should be carried out fully automatically or whether individual steps in the process should still be decided or regulated manually.
- the start-up concept according to the invention offers maximum variability and customizability.
- the final temperature of start-up processes is e.g. in the range of 1,000 ° C. It has been shown that, thanks to the automation according to the invention, a time saving in the range of at least 25% or even up to 50% can be achieved, that is to say several hours.
- start-up burner In addition to the burner specifically intended for start-up (startup burner), at least some of them, optionally all of them, can also be used in normal operation.
- Example 1 The manual ignition of burners is carried out in such a way that the temperature gradient is too high - this can lead to material failure and overfiring.
- Example 2 All burners are accidentally ignited at the same time - with a reformer arrangement with 200 tubes, for example, this may lead to a loss of all tubes (material costs in particular in the region of 2 million euros), and possibly also to a system failure of several months, which would be associated with even more blatant financial losses.
- the great benefit of the automation measures according to the invention can be recognized from these examples.
- the invention is based on the concept of delivering a device and a method with which it can optionally be made possible to initiate the start-up process with a single start triggering process (keyword: “single ramp-up button”).
- This degree of automation can on the one hand ensure a high level of standardization and easy or systematic monitoring of the process (keyword: process control system), on the other hand, the effort for the plant operator is noticeably minimized.
- This “single ramp-up button” concept can be implemented, for example, but not conclusively, in start-up processes, especially for hydrogen production or for methanol production or for ammonia production.
- a “single ramp-up” can be understood as a “one-button or single switch start-up concept”, i.e. a single switch (start-up switch) or a single switching point for controlling or initiating a start-up sequence for the reformer process.
- the present invention can relate to all types of hydrogen production processes in which steam reformer technology is used.
- the start of the start-up process can, in particular, be defined as the start-up of a nitrogen gas control system, and the end of the start-up process for pressure swing adsorption can be defined (optionally in combination with the flaring of hydrogen).
- the ratio of the number of burners provided for normal operation (main burners or non-startup burners) to the number of burners additionally provided for the start-up process (startup burners or analogue pilot burners) is, for example, in the range of 3: 1.
- startup burners or analogue pilot burners for example, 100 startup burners and 100 pilot burners are provided, which are set up to provide a self-ignition temperature for approx. 300 main burners.
- a number of 200 main burners, for example, is also common.
- the burners provided specifically for start-up (for the start-up process) can include, for example, two different types of burners and be arranged in clusters, in particular with at least one pilot burner per cluster.
- separate or additional fuel gas distributors or flow regulators set up for the start-up sequence according to the invention can be provided, in particular for off-gas and / or purge gas (purge gas) and / or for start-up steam.
- additional ventilation valves set up for the start-up sequence according to the invention can be provided, in particular downstream of fuel gas regulating devices (in particular fuel gas jet down ”).
- additional ventilation valves set up for the start-up sequence according to the invention can be provided, in particular downstream of burners, which are coupled, for example, to a fuel gas distributor or to a fuel gas flow regulator on the reformer head, and / or ventilation valves coupled to steam drums, and / or ventilation valves coupled to a desulfurization section.
- the steam reformer arrangement is set up for a three-stage ignition sequence comprising two ignitions before the final ignition of a respective main burner (non-startup burner). This also enables reliable automation.
- the steam reformer arrangement has: a first group of burners in the form of pilot burners, a further group of burners in the form of start-up burners, the steam reformer arrangement being designed to provide the auto-ignition temperature (AIT) in the reactor by means of of the first two groups of burners, so that after reaching the self-ignition temperature, a further group of burners in the form of a non-startup burner can be ignited indirectly, in particular indirectly exclusively by supplying fuel gas.
- AIT auto-ignition temperature
- different groups of burners are locally distributed in clusters and are arranged in the clusters relative to one another, in particular at least one pilot burner in relation to at least one startup burner in a respective cluster.
- the non-startup burners can be arranged locally separated from the startup burners.
- the burners are arranged in two different types of clusters, namely in a plurality of first clusters at least comprising pilot burners and startup burners, and a plurality of second clusters at least including non-startup burners, with the first clusters in each case at least three lines comprising at least one startup fuel gas line and at least one pilot gas line and at least one off-gas line, and at least two lines each comprising at least one non-startup fuel gas line and at least one off-gas line to the second clusters Lead.
- the flow rate in each line can preferably be regulated individually, in particular at least the flow rate for the startup burners and the non-startup burners.
- a flow control for the pilot burner is not necessarily required.
- the non-startup burners can be arranged individually in the second clusters.
- the second clusters do not necessarily include a plurality of burners, but at least two lines or medium connections.
- the pilot burners receive a fixed pre-pressure and remain unregulated.
- the start-up burners can in particular be controlled via the temperature gradient at the reformer tube outlet.
- the burner admission pressure can be as follows be set so that a predefinable gradient, in particular a maximum of 50K / h, is not exceeded.
- a pilot burner is assigned to each startup burner, in particular in a paired cluster arrangement. This also maximizes the flexibility with regard to the ignition system; in particular, each startup burner can be controlled individually.
- the individual non-startup burners can be ignited individually or jointly as a complete group by self-ignition, in particular indirectly exclusively by supplying fuel gas.
- the start-up concept according to the invention enables the main burners to be put into operation individually depending on the operating state, with only fuel gas having to be supplied in the desired manner.
- the steam reformer arrangement can have at least one flow regulator for the non-startup burners individually or jointly, in particular set up for regulation in steps in the range from 0.5% to 5% of the normal operating throughput.
- the steam reformer arrangement has a distributor for a respective startup burner.
- the steam reformer arrangement can have a distributor for a respective non-startup burner, and / or a flow control valve for a respective non-startup burner. This allows the variability of the process to be further optimized.
- the steam reformer arrangement has at least one flow control valve for startup steam, in particular controllable for flows in the range of 5% to 40% and more in relation to 100% flow corresponding to normal operation, in particular controllable with a gradation accuracy of at least 0.5% Flow rate for normal operation.
- the steam reformer arrangement can have at least one temperature measuring unit, in particular a temperature measuring unit at the inlet to a high temperature shift (process or system component) or CO conversion reactor and a temperature measuring unit at the reactor outlet or reformer outlet.
- the steam reformer arrangement can have at least one pressure measuring unit, in particular a pressure measuring unit for process pressure in the reactor, a pressure measuring unit for steam pressure, a pressure measuring unit for export steam pressure and / or a pressure measuring unit for PC steam pressure.
- the steam reformer arrangement can have at least one flame monitoring unit, in particular a plurality of flame monitors, for individual or all pilot burners and / or for individual or all startup burners and / or for individual or all non-startup burners. This also provides good controllability.
- the aforementioned object is also achieved according to the invention by a method for starting a steam reformer arrangement (in particular from standstill) into the normal operating state, in particular for the production of hydrogen or methanol or ammonia or synthesis gas, with a plurality of burners coupled to at least one reactor with reformer tubes be controlled and regulated, with the start-up in an automated manner without manual intervention, neither on the distributors or valves nor on the burners, and is regulated by the burners ensuring normal operation (production operation), in particular non-startup burners, indirectly temperature-dependent by means specifically for the start-up (for the start-up process) provided burners, in particular pilot burners and startup burners, are ignited, in particular as a function of automatically evaluated flame monitoring and / or temperature monitoring at least on the pilot burner (s).
- the process can optionally be initiated fully automatically according to a predetermined sequence, or a conventional start with optional manual interventions can also be implemented as an alternative.
- the burners ensuring normal operation are ignited indirectly as a function of temperature by self-ignition, in that the burners specifically intended for start-up (startup burners) are indirectly ignited beforehand by pilot burners. This three-stage ignition sequence offers advantages in terms of automation.
- the start-up is carried out and regulated in an automated manner by initially igniting a first group of burners as pilot burners in a first start-up phase, and then igniting a further group of burners as start-up burners, in particular by means of the pilot burners, these
- the first two burner groups are operated in such a way that the temperature in the reactor rises above the self-ignition temperature of the fuel gas mixture, with the burners intended for normal operation (in the present case so-called non-start-up burners or main burners) in a further start-up phase ) can be ignited and operated in another group of burners, either individually or as a whole group.
- the start-up process can in particular also be advantageously combined with a start-up phase for steam operation.
- the pilot burner can be ignited, for example, by electrical ignition over a period of a few seconds, in particular in the single-digit seconds range.
- the ignition of the pilot burner can include, for example, monitoring of the ignition process, in particular based on the detection of a flame within a few seconds.
- the ignition of at least one startup burner can take place as a function of the state of the pilot burners, in particular as a function of whether all pilot burners have been ignited. A corresponding release signal can be generated for this.
- the non-startup burners can be ignited indirectly, in particular by metered supply of the appropriate burner medium.
- Leak tests can optionally be carried out, in particular in advance before starting up, in particular at least with regard to pilot gas lines.
- all pilot burners of the steam reformer arrangement are ignited first, and then a single first startup burner is ignited, in particular indirectly via a corresponding pilot burner, with further startup burners being ignited only after a minimum period of time, in particular after a few minutes at the earliest.
- this sequence also provides good control and high operational reliability, especially with exact temperature control, especially when a maximum temperature ramp of, for example, 50K / h is complied with.
- the start-up burners are controlled and regulated in contrast to the non-start-up burners, in particular with regard to the flow of fuel gases.
- the start-up burners can be shut down (decrease in the flow of the supplied fuel gas).
- the individual startup burners are ignited sequentially one after the other as a function of a temperature ramp in the reactor, in particular with a temperature rise of less than or equal to 100K / h, in particular less than or equal to 50K / h.
- the individual startup burners can be ignited sequentially one after the other until a predefinable reactor outlet temperature is reached, in particular a reactor outlet temperature of at least 350.degree.
- the temperature-controlled start-up can also be achieved indirectly via the number of activated startup burner.
- This procedural variability is also particularly advantageous with regard to good process reliability and variability of the start-up process, if desired in the individual case. For example, an excessive rise in temperature can be counteracted by reducing the number of active startup burners.
- the control range for the reactor outlet temperature can also be defined, for example, from 300 to 400 ° C, depending on the individualized application.
- the non-startup burners are ignited by self-ignition (optionally individually or jointly), in particular indirectly by supplying fuel gas, in particular gradually with a gradual increase in the fuel gas throughput each after a period of at least a few minutes, in particular based on flow control of the fuel gas (in particular in steps of 0.5% to 5% of the normal operating throughput over a period of several hours), in particular in control coordination with a pressure control depending on the current reactor outlet temperature.
- self-ignition which can be initiated indirectly, can in particular also ensure good robustness.
- At least three media flows are regulated for start-up, in particular as a function of one another, including pilot gas for the pilot burners, fuel gas for the startup burners, fuel gas for the non-startup burners, the respective media flow preferably via a central distributor Burners is fed.
- pilot gas for the pilot burners including pilot gas for the pilot burners, fuel gas for the startup burners, fuel gas for the non-startup burners, the respective media flow preferably via a central distributor Burners is fed.
- the start-up process is carried out in at least three successive start-up phases until the normal operating state is reached or until the product, for example hydrogen, is made available, with a hold phase being set or maintained after at least one of the start-up phases, the subsequent start-up phase being individually initiable, in particular when an operator enables the transition to a subsequent phase.
- the process is divided into exactly three start-up phases.
- the start-up process takes place in three successive start-up phases followed by an operating phase, namely one / the first start-up phase comprising the ignition of both the pilot burner and the start-up burner (and in particular also operation of the system with nitrogen in the process path), including a second start-up phase a (pure) steam operation (optionally a mixed mode of operation with nitrogen and steam), a third start-up phase comprising the (self) ignition of the non-start-up burners and the supply of feed gas (especially nitrogen), with production taking place in the subsequent operating phase , in particular with the operating phase comprising at least one pressure swing sequence for starting pressure swing adsorption.
- This system has proven to be particularly advantageous for hydrogen production.
- an exhaust gas (not the same as product gas) can then be used, in particular for recirculation and heat recovery for the steam reformer process.
- the operating phase can also include other processes (other than pressure swing adsorption).
- only one exhaust gas can alternatively be supplied from a downstream process unit or via the system boundary.
- the burner ignition phases and the phases of media charging in the process path can be individualized depending on the system configuration. For example, non-startup burners in a first system are ignited while steam is running, and in a second system only when feed gas is fed into the system.
- a holding phase also makes it possible in particular to define the current operating state as stable or suitable by an operator in order to initiate the subsequent start-up phase or the operating phase.
- This option for further control can be used optionally, especially with regard to maximum operational reliability.
- the temperature is regulated by monitoring at least the temperature in the reactor and / or at the reactor outlet and optionally also an inlet temperature for regulating the respective start-up phase.
- a first temperature threshold in the range from 150 ° C to 250 ° C, in particular at least 200 ° C, can be recorded in the flue gas or at the reactor outlet and, if it is exceeded, a temperature gradient of a maximum of 100K / h, in particular a maximum of 50K / h through sequential Ignition of further startup burners can be set. This also enables a comparatively quick or uncomplicated achievement of a minimum temperature, from which a predefined ramp can be started.
- a temperature-controlled regulation can in particular also relate specifically to an exit temperature at the reformer outlet and / or to a flue gas temperature on the flue gas side (flue gas tunnel, transition duct).
- the regulation can optionally take place with regard to the reformer temperature and / or with regard to the flue gas temperature.
- Another temperature threshold value in the range of 200 ° C in the flue gas or at the reactor outlet can be recorded, at which steam valves (especially steam vent valves on steam generators) are closed or regulated. This also enables an advantageous adaptation of pressure systems to one another, in particular the synchronization of process gas pressure and steam pressure in at least one steam system.
- Another temperature threshold in the range of 350 ° C in the flue gas or at the reactor outlet can be recorded, up to which the sequential ignition of further startup burners is continued. This threshold value can in particular be evaluated as a starting point for initiating a subsequent start-up phase.
- a further temperature threshold of at least 250 ° C and / or at least 350 ° C in the flue gas or at the reactor outlet can be recorded, with pressure control in the reactor and / or in a steam system being activated when the temperature threshold is exceeded, in particular by increasing the pressure to at least 20bara is increased and / or by regulating a pressure gradient of 0.5bar / min, in particular in the first and / or second start-up phase.
- the parallel pressure control from this temperature range also provides a high level of system security. In any case, the pressure control preferably takes place at least in the steam system.
- a further temperature threshold value of at least 350 ° C in the flue gas or at the reactor outlet and / or a further temperature threshold value of at least 180 ° C of a high-temperature shift or CO conversion reactor can be recorded, with one / the other, in particular the second, being recorded Start-up phase is initiated, in particular by introducing steam into the reactor. This also provides an advantageous compromise or process point in time for initiating further start-up steps.
- a CO conversion reactor can in each case also be named synonym for a high temperature shift (process or system component) in the present disclosure.
- a further temperature threshold value of 500 ° C. can be recorded, with pressure regulation being activated in the reactor for setting the target operating pressure when it is exceeded, in particular by setting a pressure gradient in the range of 0.5 bar / min. up to 1 bar / min. is regulated.
- These threshold values have proven to be an advantageous compromise, in particular also with regard to the controllability of pressure valves.
- a pressure control in the reactor for setting the target operating pressure can be activated at a temperature threshold value lower than a further temperature threshold value for igniting the non-startup burner, in particular by setting a pressure gradient in the range of 0.5 bar / min. up to 1 bar / min. is regulated. This procedural variation can also be mastered well.
- a further maximum temperature threshold of 700 ° C in the flue gas or at the reactor outlet can be recorded, up to which the ignition of the startup burner is continued, with a further, in particular third, startup phase being initiated if this is exceeded, in particular by igniting the Non-startup burners.
- This provides an advantageous compromise or process point in time for initiating further start-up steps.
- the auto-ignition temperature (AIT) can also be dependent on the fuel gas composition.
- the temperature threshold of 700 ° C. has proven to be particularly advantageous for natural gases, in particular for those natural gases which are mainly used as fuel gas for hydrogen and ammonia systems.
- a further maximum temperature threshold in the range from 850 ° C to 1050 ° C in the flue gas or at the reactor outlet can be recorded, up to which charge gas is introduced with increasing throughput / flow rate. From this threshold value, a transition to normal operation is also particularly advantageous.
- a time-related temperature gradient of a maximum of 100K / h, in particular a maximum of 50K / h temperature rise can be regulated in the respective phase. This also provides an advantageous compromise between robustness, stability and process duration.
- a respective start-up phase can be initiated as a function of minimum temperature threshold values (lower limit). The temperature control enables advantageous process management, particularly in combination with the connection of individual burners.
- pressure regulation takes place as a function of the reactor outlet temperature, in particular pressure regulation in the steam system.
- the pressure in the first start-up phase can in particular be increased to at least 20 bara.
- an increasing pressure gradient in particular in the range of 0.5 bar / min. up to 1 bar / min. be adjusted.
- an increasing pressure gradient of in particular 10 bar / h can be regulated in the steam system or in the system front end. This has proven to be a particularly useful process engineering parameter range. It has been shown that an automated pressure control also enables great savings potential or a great increase in efficiency.
- a load or a flow of the corresponding medium of a maximum of 40% of the maximum output or the maximum system utilization is regulated in the respective start-up phase, in particular by regulating the material flow of steam and / or feed gas.
- the gradual start-up ramp can be run up to an advantageous transfer point for normal operation, in particular as an advantageous compromise between operational reliability, process stability and expenditure of time.
- At least one input boundary condition from the following group is ensured for start-up: nitrogen purging completed, automatic pressure control reactor switched on, reactor outlet temperature is actively controlled depending on the pressure and throughput of fuel gas.
- a plausibility check can also be carried out or a subsequent process step can be initiated.
- a nitrogen pre-pressure can be checked.
- all process media including, for example, imported steam, are available at the steam reformer system boundary or are made available there.
- a boiler feed water system (deaerator and steam drums, pumps) is filled and in operation.
- the filling level monitoring devices of the steam drums are in AUTO mode, especially with SetPoint at approx. 10% below the normal operating point.
- the process system is flushed and pressurized by means of nitrogen.
- flue gas and combustion air fans are in operation, especially at a minimum flow rate.
- a pressure monitoring device coupled to the reformer tubes is in AUTO mode, with a control loop being set in particular to maintain the pressure in the reformer.
- the level monitoring devices of process condensate separators are in AUTO mode, and the system is switched online and set up to remove process condensate as soon as steam is added to the system.
- nitrogen is circulated in the process gas system, in particular by means of a compressor.
- automatic ventilation valves on steam drums are in the open position.
- ventilation valves for both steam systems are in the open position towards a steam silencer.
- the reformer outlet temperature is set or regulated in a cascade mode (order of priority: temperature before fuel gas pressure or fuel gas throughput).
- the SetPoint can be specified sequentially, especially under Consideration of a target temperature curve (desired or predefined heating rate).
- rotating equipment is kept ready in an adequately prepared condition and is ready for operation.
- cooling water is supplied to all consumers of the process.
- an air cooler is in operation.
- an outlet valve is located upstream of a pressure change unit in AUTO mode, in particular with SetPoint at 7bar.
- At least one of the following parameters is monitored during start-up: throughput of the medium supplying the non-startup burners (in particular fuel gas), flame characteristics of a respective pilot burner, flame characteristics of a respective startup burner.
- At least one control loop is executed with regard to at least one parameter from the following group: steam-carbon ratio, reactor / reformer outlet temperature, reactor pressure or System process pressure, medium throughput (especially air throughput, product output "hydrogen to feed”), steam pressure (especially head pressure export steam), process condensate steam pressure (especially head pressure). This ensures extensive monitoring of the process.
- the method also includes an at least partially automated shutdown (shutdown) of the steam reformer arrangement from the normal operating state, in particular into a stand-by operating state or into a completely switched-off state, in particular in the reverse sequence of steps as the start-up described above.
- shutdown at least partially automated shutdown of the steam reformer arrangement from the normal operating state, in particular into a stand-by operating state or into a completely switched-off state, in particular in the reverse sequence of steps as the start-up described above.
- control / regulating device set up to carry out a method according to one of the preceding method claims, the control / regulating device being coupled to at least three groups of burners, including pilot burners, startup burners and non-startup -Burner, wherein the control / regulating device is further coupled to at least three distributors for at least three media flows, comprising the media pilot gas, fuel gas for startup burners, fuel gas for non-startup burners, and is set up to control these media flows, in particular as a function of time and / or temperature.
- a burner arrangement comprising at least three groups of burners each coupled to at least one reactor with reformer tubes, for starting up a steam reformer arrangement, in particular from standstill, into the normal operating state, in particular for the production of hydrogen or Methanol or ammonia or synthesis gas, in particular in a steam reformer arrangement described above, with a first group of burners as pilot burners for ignition, in particular sequential ignition, being controlled and operated by a second group of burners, namely startup burners (in particular in a fully automated manner without manual intervention with regard to the ignition of the startup burners), and wherein the startup burners (second group) at least up to a minimum temperature threshold corresponding to a self-ignition temperature of the third burner group, namely non-startup burners, such ang controlled and operated so that the non-startup burners can then be ignited indirectly by supplying fuel gas at or above the auto-ignition temperature, in particular temperature and pressure-controlled up to a predefinable normal operating temperature at the
- a temperature-dependent and / or pressure-dependent time specification for igniting individual burners can be specified or can be specified, in particular as a function of an instantaneous temperature gradient.
- the maximum temperature gradient can, for example, be predefined to 50K / h, so that a regulation of the connection of the burners is regulated e.g. in a range from 40K / h to 50K / h or 45K / h to 50K / h.
- the ignition and the operation of individual burners can take place in relation to a temperature gradient, e.g. in the range of 43K / h to 48K / h. This also enables a particularly time-efficient approach to the upper limit of a permissible temperature gradient.
- the first start-up phase can also be referred to as “nitrogen commissioning in combination with startup burner ignition”.
- nitrogen commissioning in combination with startup burner ignition all of the input boundary conditions mentioned above are met.
- the following sequences can in particular, fully automated in response to the pressing of the "single ramp-up button" - especially figuratively speaking -:
- valves especially for 1 min.
- Ignition of pilot burners in particular by means of electrical ignition, in particular for 5 seconds.
- Monitoring of a flame detection signal especially in a time window of 10 seconds. after ignition; as soon as a flame has been detected / confirmed on all pilot burners, approval to ignite a first startup burner.
- valves (especially the vent valves) of steam drums are closed, especially when the reformer outlet temperature reaches 200 ° C.
- the second start-up phase can also be referred to as "steam start-up".
- a bypass connection of the main steam flow control valve is equipped with a separate start-up control valve.
- the startup steam control valve opens gradually, especially by 5%.
- the system is kept in this state, in particular for a period of 30 minutes.
- the steam flow is increased, in particular by 0.5% per minute (with respect to 100% load), in particular up to an operating point corresponding to 40% load of the steam flow.
- the ignition sequence is continued, especially with a temperature gradient below 50K / h, especially until the reformer outlet temperature reaches 700 ° C, especially by igniting more and more startup burners and by subsequently increasing the pressure.
- the nitrogen circulation is interrupted as soon as the reformer outlet temperature reaches 700 ° C; in particular, the nitrogen flow is reduced by closing control valves within 5 minutes. decreased; the nitrogen circulation valve opens; when the nitrogen control valve is closed, the nitrogen compressor will stop automatically.
- the operating conditions can be assumed to be sufficiently stable so that an operator can initiate the third start-up phase (optionally fully automatic initiation).
- the third start-up phase can also be referred to as “feed in”.
- the non-startup burners are ignited; the non-start-up burners are supplied with fuel gas via at least one corresponding fuel gas distributor; the operator can, for example, open valves upstream of each burner for this purpose; Flow regulators for non-startup burners are opened by e.g. 5% for e.g. 5 minutes; A holding phase or a phase of the same step-by-step regulation of e.g. at least 15 minutes can be observed, in particular for the purpose of process stabilization; for example, over a control interval of 3 hours, the respective control valve is gradually opened to 100%; in this case or as a result, pressure regulation can take place, in particular by regulating the reformer outlet temperature accordingly.
- a nitrogen circulation is interrupted; a main feed control valve upstream of a feed gas / steam mixing point is closed; a Configuration with block and bleed distributor (valve combination with double shut-off and relief / intermediate bleed; English: db & b double block and bleed) of the nitrogen supply isolates the nitrogen.
- One / the inlet valve at the system boundary is gradually opened, especially for gradually pressurizing the system with a pressure ramp of e.g. 10 bar / h.
- the main feed valve is opened in particular by e.g. 5% for e.g. 5 minutes, in particular to initialize steam reforming; a pressure on the burners can be adjusted accordingly, especially since the temperature in the reactor initially falls due to endothermic reactions.
- the feed gas throughput (feed flow) is gradually increased from a 5% valve position, in particular by an additional 0.25% valve opening per minute;
- a reactivation procedure (after contact with steam) can also be specified for ammonia plants as a function of the catalyst materials used.
- the pressure in the back end of the system (from mixing feed gas / steam to, for example, a process section upstream of pressure swing adsorption) is increased, in particular by throttling at least one flush valve in the corresponding process section, in particular in a Ramp of 0.1 bar / min until standard operating parameters are reached.
- the reformer outlet temperature is increased to standard operating parameters, in particular with a ramp of less than 50K / h, in particular up to approx. 850 ° C.
- the steam reformer arrangement is now fully operational and can produce raw hydrogen, which is supplied, for example, to a pressure swing adsorption process.
- ESDV safety valve arranged upstream of the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is reset and slowly opened, in particular over a period of at least 5 minutes, to pressurize the pressure swing adsorption; an automatic bypass can optionally be provided.
- PSA pressure swing adsorption
- a pressure control valve downstream of the pressure swing adsorption is completely closed.
- a pressure control valve upstream of the pressure swing adsorption is slowly closed, whereby the pressure-controlled, downstream flush valve is opened to maintain the pressure for the PSA.
- PSA offgas is collected and is also made available for flaring, in particular via a pressure control valve of the offgas system.
- the PSA off-gas throughput is increased according to a predefinable ramp, in particular in such a way that all of the off-gas is directed to the reformer, i.e. without flaring off off-gas; For example, this flow / distributor control is done over a period of 60 minutes.
- the system is now in operation, especially at 40% capacity.
- the utilization can now be increased as desired, with good process reliability and process stability, in particular through an automated process control system.
- the throughput of combustion air is in particular still at a minimum.
- the combustion air throughput can be increased based on a predetermined dependency (function, ramp), in particular as a function of the output, in particular fully automatically.
- an operator can intervene in the automated start-up process in the starting phase or regulate or adapt it individually; the automated start-up process is interrupted at this point (command hierarchy favors individual control); the operator gives the release for the optional automated continuation of the automated start-up process; optionally, the operator guides the process manually at least until the next start-up phase, from which the process can then be continued fully automatically in a particularly simple manner.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the burner and media flows according to an arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a steam reformer arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment
- 3 shows, in a schematic representation, an illustration of control loops of a steam reformer arrangement according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 1 illustrates four different line systems each with a specific function, the line systems supplying at least three burner types of a steam reformer arrangement 100 and regulating at least four media flows.
- a first line system 1 (uninterrupted lines) is provided for a first group of burners 10, namely for pilot burners.
- a second line system 2 (dash-dotted lines) is provided for a second group of burners 20, namely for startup burners.
- a third line system 3 (dashed lines) is provided for a third group of burners 30, namely for non-startup burners or main burners.
- a first medium M1 is supplied via the first line system 1 to individual burner arrangements or individual pilot burners, namely pilot gas, which can be supplied in a controlled manner via several distributors or control valves 71.
- a second medium M2 is supplied via the second line system 2 to individual burner arrangements or individual clusters 11 or individual startup burners, namely startup gas, which can be supplied in a controlled manner via distributor or control valve 72.
- individual burner arrangements or individual main burners are supplied with a third medium M3, namely fuel gas, which can be supplied in a regulated manner via a plurality of distributors or control valves 73.
- a fourth medium M4 is fed to the respective burner arrangement or the respective cluster 11 via a fourth line system 4 (dotted lines), namely offgas / tail gas / purge gas, which can be fed in a regulated manner via a plurality of distributors or control valves 74.
- the individual burners form burner clusters 11 comprising at least three types of burners, namely pilot burners, start-up burners and main burners, on the respective reformer tube 104.
- the reference number 50 denotes a measuring device, in particular optical and / or acoustical, in particular comprising a flame monitoring unit.
- the measuring device 50 can include one or more flame monitors 51 for pilot burners as well as one or more flame monitors 52 for startup burners.
- FIG. 2 shows a steam reformer arrangement 100 comprising the previously generally described control system.
- Reference numeral 56 denotes a temperature measuring unit, in particular comprising a first temperature measuring unit 56a at the high-temperature shift inlet and a second temperature measuring unit 56b at the outlet of a reactor 103.
- Reference number 57 denotes a pressure measuring unit, in particular comprising a pressure measuring unit 57a for process pressure and / or a pressure measuring unit 57b for export vapor pressure and / or a pressure measuring unit 57c for PC vapor pressure.
- a control / regulating device 60 accesses a process database 61 in which parameter data for different parameters P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8 can be stored.
- the control / regulating device 60 ensures activation 101:
- a standardized start-up process can be initiated by means of a switch 101 (keyword “ramp-up button”), which is coupled to the control / regulating device.
- the switch 101 can also be referred to here as a user interface.
- the control / regulating device 60 is also in communication or in communicative connection with individual flow regulators 62, 63, 65 each for at least one media flow, and is also in communication with an outlet temperature control 66 (temperature control unit) and with a pressure control 67 (pressure control unit) and with an S / C control 68 for setting the steam to carbon ratio.
- Reference numeral 70 designates a flow control device, in particular comprising control valves for the media flows M1, M2, M3, M4.
- the reference number M5 denotes the exhaust gases.
- a ventilation device 80 can comprise several (automatic) ventilation valves (not shown) in relation to the individual components, in particular in relation to individual burners, steam drums, in desulfurization sections. Likewise, connecting lines between components of the ventilation device and individual distributors or control valves can be provided.
- Reference number 105 illustrates a bypass on the main steam control valve.
- FIG 3 shows a steam reformer arrangement 100 comprising the previously generally described control system, wherein the steam reformer arrangement 100 also includes or is coupled to gas cooling or shift reaction or pressure swing adsorption (reference number 106), which can in particular be provided downstream of the reformer process .
- gas cooling or shift reaction or pressure swing adsorption reference number 106
- a respective temperature control unit 66 (in particular TIC temperature controller) is set up in particular to regulate the temperature at the reformer outlet, in particular by adding more or less make-up fuel.
- a respective pressure regulating unit 67 (in particular PIC pressure controller) is set up in particular to regulate the pressure, in particular in the entire backend of the hydrogen system, in particular by opening / closing a hydrogen delivery valve.
- Reference numeral M6 denotes feed gas.
- the reference number M7 denotes a product stream, in particular hydrogen. List of reference symbols:
- first group of burners in particular burners of a first type, in particular pilot burners
- burners of a third type in particular non-startup burners or main burners
- M3 third medium in particular fuel gas or non-startup gas
- M4 fourth medium in particular off gas / tail gas / purge gas
- M5 fifth medium especially exhaust / smoke gases
- M7 seventh medium especially product (especially hydrogen)
- P5 fifth parameter in particular temperature of exhaust gases / flue gases or
- P7 seventh parameter in particular pressure in the steam system
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019211177.7A DE102019211177A1 (de) | 2019-07-26 | 2019-07-26 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum automatisierbaren Anfahren einer Dampfreformeranordnung in den Normalbetriebszustand sowie Verwendung sowie Steuerungs-/Regelungseinrichtung sowie Computerprogrammprodukt |
| PCT/EP2020/069265 WO2021018535A1 (de) | 2019-07-26 | 2020-07-08 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum automatisierbaren anfahren einer dampfreformeranordnung in den normalbetriebszustand sowie verwendung sowie steuerungs-/regelungseinrichtung sowie computerprogrammprodukt |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4003909A1 true EP4003909A1 (de) | 2022-06-01 |
Family
ID=71575386
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20739335.6A Pending EP4003909A1 (de) | 2019-07-26 | 2020-07-08 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum automatisierbaren anfahren einer dampfreformeranordnung in den normalbetriebszustand sowie verwendung sowie steuerungs-/regelungseinrichtung sowie computerprogrammprodukt |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12138611B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4003909A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019211177A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021018535A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2085195A (en) | 1935-05-16 | 1937-06-29 | Bristol Company | Automatic starting device and safety shut-off for gas-fired industrial furnaces |
| US3350176A (en) * | 1964-03-24 | 1967-10-31 | Engelhard Ind Inc | Hydrogen generator |
| US3522019A (en) | 1965-08-03 | 1970-07-28 | United Aircraft Corp | Apparatus for generating hydrogen from liquid hydrogen - containing feedstocks |
| GB2359764A (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2001-09-05 | Geoffrey Gerald Weedon | An endothermic tube reactor |
| JP3807361B2 (ja) * | 2002-02-08 | 2006-08-09 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料改質システムおよび燃料電池システム |
| US20080113306A1 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2008-05-15 | Nuvera Fuel Cells, Inc. | Burner Control Sensor Configuration |
| CN101421181B (zh) * | 2006-04-11 | 2011-11-09 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | 氢生成装置、具备该装置的燃料电池系统以及其运行方法 |
| DE102007019830B3 (de) | 2007-04-25 | 2008-07-31 | Uhde Gmbh | Primärreformer mit brennerzuführenden Sekundäreinlasskanälen |
| FR2918656B1 (fr) | 2007-07-12 | 2009-10-09 | Air Liquide | Procede de regulation du debit de gaz combustible lors de la phase de demarrage d'un four de reformage. |
| DE102008033096A1 (de) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-02-11 | Uhde Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zünden und zum Betrieb von Brennern bei der Vergasung kohlenstoffhaltiger Brennstoffe |
| DE102008046800A1 (de) | 2008-09-11 | 2010-03-18 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zum Steuern des Betriebs eines Steamreformers |
| EP2216291A1 (de) | 2009-01-26 | 2010-08-11 | Casale Chemicals S.A. | Verfahren und Brenner zur Herstellung von Syngas aus Kohlenwasserstoffen |
| US8219247B2 (en) | 2009-11-19 | 2012-07-10 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Method of operating a furnace |
| KR101392971B1 (ko) * | 2012-06-04 | 2014-05-08 | 주식회사 경동나비엔 | 연료전지와 보일러의 복합 시스템 |
| JP6088214B2 (ja) | 2012-11-09 | 2017-03-01 | 独立行政法人石油天然ガス・金属鉱物資源機構 | 炭化水素合成反応装置のスタートアップ方法 |
| JP6122360B2 (ja) | 2013-07-19 | 2017-04-26 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池モジュール |
| DE102016221602A1 (de) | 2016-11-04 | 2018-05-09 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Reformer und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Reformers |
-
2019
- 2019-07-26 DE DE102019211177.7A patent/DE102019211177A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-07-08 US US17/629,604 patent/US12138611B2/en active Active
- 2020-07-08 EP EP20739335.6A patent/EP4003909A1/de active Pending
- 2020-07-08 WO PCT/EP2020/069265 patent/WO2021018535A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102019211177A1 (de) | 2021-01-28 |
| WO2021018535A1 (de) | 2021-02-04 |
| US12138611B2 (en) | 2024-11-12 |
| US20220241747A1 (en) | 2022-08-04 |
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