EP4003904A1 - Hermetisch verschlossene transparente kavität und deren umhäusung - Google Patents
Hermetisch verschlossene transparente kavität und deren umhäusungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4003904A1 EP4003904A1 EP20751479.5A EP20751479A EP4003904A1 EP 4003904 A1 EP4003904 A1 EP 4003904A1 EP 20751479 A EP20751479 A EP 20751479A EP 4003904 A1 EP4003904 A1 EP 4003904A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- housing
- hermetically sealed
- laser
- joining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B7/00—Microstructural systems ; Auxiliary parts of microstructural devices or systems
- B81B7/0032—Packages or encapsulation
- B81B7/0058—Packages or encapsulation for protecting against damages due to external chemical or mechanical influences, e.g. shocks or vibrations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K5/00—Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus
- H05K5/06—Hermetically-sealed casings
- H05K5/066—Hermetically-sealed casings sealed by fusion of the joining parts without bringing material; sealed by brazing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/206—Laser sealing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B7/00—Microstructural systems ; Auxiliary parts of microstructural devices or systems
- B81B7/0032—Packages or encapsulation
- B81B7/0067—Packages or encapsulation for controlling the passage of optical signals through the package
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00015—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate for manufacturing microsystems
- B81C1/00261—Processes for packaging MEMS devices
- B81C1/00333—Aspects relating to packaging of MEMS devices, not covered by groups B81C1/00269 - B81C1/00325
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/20—Uniting glass pieces by fusing without substantial reshaping
- C03B23/24—Making hollow glass sheets or bricks
- C03B23/245—Hollow glass sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/04—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with articles made from glass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2203/00—Forming microstructural systems
- B81C2203/01—Packaging MEMS
- B81C2203/0118—Bonding a wafer on the substrate, i.e. where the cap consists of another wafer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for providing a plurality of hermetically sealed housings and a transparent housing.
- Hermetically sealed enclosures can be used to protect sensitive electronics, circuits or, for example, sensors. Medical implants can be used, for example, in the heart area, in the retina or for bio-processors. Bio-processors are known which are made from titanium and used.
- Sensors can be protected with an enclosure according to the invention for particularly adverse environmental conditions.
- This area also includes MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems), barometers, etc.
- a housing according to the invention can be found in a cover for a smartphone, in the area of virtual reality glasses and similar devices.
- An enclosure according to the invention can also be used for the production of flow cells, for example in the context of electromobility. But also in aerospace, in high temperature applications and in the field of micro-optics are according to the invention
- Housings can be used.
- the electronics must therefore be protected from adverse environmental influences.
- the housing is at least partially, i.e. at least partially and / or at least for a wavelength range, is transparent. This transparency allows communication, data or energy transfer, measurements from and with the electronics or sensors arranged in the cavity. In particular, it can be optical
- EP 3 012 059 B1 shows a method for producing a transparent part for protecting an optical component. A new type of laser process is used.
- the present invention is to be seen in the context that housings are to be improved and, in particular, made more resistant. This increases the robustness against environmental influences and, for example, also mechanical loads.
- the invention is based on the object of providing an improved housing for a cavity in order to withstand even more adverse environmental conditions and influences. Particular attention is paid to the mechanical
- Another aspect of the present invention is to improve the
- Process can be changed so that only a single housing is produced with the method, it makes sense under economic considerations to produce a plurality of housings in the same process sequence. This saves time, effort and
- a hermetically sealed housing according to the invention comprises at least one cover substrate and a substrate which is arranged adjacent to the cover substrate and which together form at least part of the housing.
- the at least two substrates are preferably arranged, i.e. stacked, one above the other.
- a functional area is enclosed by the housing.
- At least the cover substrate preferably has a glass-like material.
- the cover substrate is thermally pre-stressed and hermetically sealed to the substrate arranged adjacent to the cover substrate with at least one laser bond line.
- the cover substrate is made of a material which has a different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) than the adjacent one
- the housing is preferably set up in such a way that the thermal prestress exerts a compressive stress on the cover substrate.
- the at least one laser bond line can also enclose the functional area at a distance DF circumferentially so that the
- the adjacently arranged substrate is preferably a base substrate.
- the base substrate can be joined to the cover substrate in a hermetically sealed manner with a common laser bond line.
- the adjacently arranged substrate can be an intermediate substrate, which is between the cover substrate and the
- Base substrate is arranged, wherein then the base substrate is joined to the intermediate substrate in a first connection plane and the cover substrate is joined to the intermediate substrate in a second connection plane.
- the at least one middle part can have a higher characteristic value of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) both in comparison with the cover substrate and in comparison with the base substrate.
- CTE coefficient of thermal expansion
- the thermal prestressing is preferably achieved by using materials having a different coefficient of thermal expansion and by a suitable temperature.
- the method claimed according to the invention differs from the prior art, such as US2017210662, by moderate temperatures and a functional element.
- the US document also describes the combination of different thermal expansion coefficients with suitable ones
- the functional area preferably comprises a hermetically sealed one
- Accommodation cavity for accommodating an accommodation object, such as an electronic circuit, a sensor or MEMS.
- the covering substrate preferably forms an upper side of the accommodation cavity, the intermediate substrate forming a laterally circumferential edge of the accommodation cavity and the base substrate forming an underside of the accommodation cavity, which together completely enclose the accommodation cavity. Furthermore, at least one of the laterally encircling edge, lower side or upper side can be at least partially transparent for a wavelength range.
- each housing forms a cavity which is enclosed by a laterally circumferential edge, an underside and an upper side of the housing.
- the cavity is enclosed on all sides by the housing, so that the
- Housing for the cavity forms the circumferential edge, the bottom and the top.
- the underside or the upper side is a geometric construct which, with regard to the final position of the housing, can also be any other side.
- the top side can be described as a first side, the bottom side as a second side opposite the first side, and the edge as the intermediate area between the first and second side, the edge typically being essentially perpendicular to the first and / or second side .
- the top side, bottom side and circumferential edge are used below — as explained.
- the top of the cavity can then be formed by a top layer such as a substrate, wafer or plate.
- the circumferential edge of the cavity can also be formed by a second or middle substrate, disc or plate, the second substrate having a hole and this hole representing the subsequent cavity.
- the underside of the cavity can finally be formed by a sublayer, substrate, disc or plate by arranging the sublayer below the intermediate layer.
- the cavities are designed in particular as accommodation cavities; this means that electronic circuits, sensors or MEMS, for example, can be used in the respective cavities.
- These aforementioned devices, such as in particular electronic circuits, sensors or MEMS, are therefore enclosed on all sides by the housing, since they are arranged within the accommodation cavity.
- a first and at least one second substrate are provided in a first step, the at least one second substrate being made of transparent material and being a transparent substrate, and the at least one second substrate being a characteristic value of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) which differs from the characteristic value of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the first substrate.
- the at least two substrates are arranged directly next to or on top of one another, the respective edge of the respective housing of the cavities to be sealed is formed by the at least one second substrate, and the respective underside of the respective housing is formed by the first substrate.
- At least one contact area is formed between the at least two substrates, so that each housing has at least one contact area.
- the cavities are then hermetically sealed by joining the at least two substrates along the contact surface (s) of each housing, in particular on the contact surface along a line at the edge of each housing. Finally, the respective housing is separated by means of a cutting or severing step.
- a first, at least one middle and a third substrate are first provided, the at least one middle substrate preferably consisting of transparent material and being a transparent substrate, and the at least one middle substrate having a different characteristic of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) as the first and / or as the third substrate.
- CTE coefficient of thermal expansion
- the at least three substrates are arranged directly next to one another or one on top of the other.
- the at least two substrates are arranged or attached to one another in such a way that they come to lie flat against one another without other layers being present between the at least two substrates.
- by increasing the pressure, in particular by pressing the at least two substrates against one another, or by treating the surface of the substrate layers, such as a grinding process the amount of gas enclosed between the two-dimensional substrate layers, i.e. in particular on the contact surface, can be further reduced.
- Prior evacuation is beneficial. Filling with a type of gas or a liquid can also be advantageous, depending on the process parameters and the materials to be used.
- the substrate layers are therefore stacked directly and in direct contact with one another, that is to say arranged one on the other. Foreign materials between the substrate layers are preferably excluded as far as possible, so that the most cohesive and flat contact possible is produced from one substrate layer to the adjacent substrate layer.
- the base substrate is in direct contact with the
- Cover substrate arranged to one another, in particular without other materials or a spacing between base substrate and cover substrate being present.
- the base substrate is arranged directly adjacent to the first or the first of the intermediate substrate layers
- the cover substrate is in turn arranged directly adjacent to the last or the last of the intermediate substrate layers.
- a planar substrate layer is joined directly to the planar substrate layer arranged immediately adjacent to one another without the use of foreign or non-planar materials for this purpose Materials or intermediate layers are provided or required.
- the substrates are therefore each joined directly to one another.
- the laser bond line produced by the substrate layers non-releasably connects the directly adjacent substrate layers.
- the fused area of the laser bond line is therefore located in both substrates and merges seamlessly from the first substrate into the immediately adjacent second substrate, for example from the base substrate into the cover substrate if the cover substrate is arranged adjacent to the base substrate.
- a direct, flat or even full-area transition is thus formed from one substrate layer to the next substrate layer, such as a substrate-substrate transition or a glass-glass transition.
- a locally delimited volume is formed as a joining zone or laser bond line, in which there is a material transfer or mixing between the adjacent substrate layers, which are in particular flat. In other words, penetrates material of the first substrate, for example the
- Cover substrate into the adjacent substrate, for example the intermediate substrate or the base substrate, and vice versa, so material from the adjacent substrate penetrates into the first substrate, so that in the joining zone there is a complete material intermixing of the adjacent substrates with one another.
- the new laser joining technology for generating the non-releasable substrate-substrate transition is particularly advantageously free of intermediate layers, glass frits, foils or adhesives that had to be introduced between the substrates in earlier known methods. Rather, the non-releasable connection can be produced without corresponding interfering intermediate layers or additional materials. This saves the use of additional materials, increases the achievable hardness of the end product and enables reliable hermetic sealing of the functional area or the cavity / s.
- a possibly occurring gap between the substrates is less than or equal to 5 mhi thick, more preferably less than or equal to 1 mhi.
- Such a gap is created, for example, by tolerances in the production of the substrate, by thermal influences or by inclusions of particles such as dust.
- Even with such a tolerable spacing, which in the context of this invention is also to be regarded as immediately adjacent it is possible to join with the laser in such a way that the joining zone has a thickness between 10 to 50 mhi and thus a hermetic seal is ensured. In this case too, the joining zone extends from the first substrate to the second substrate arranged adjacent to the first substrate.
- the joining zone is therefore introduced in the contact area between the first and second substrate and fuses the substrates directly with one another to form an inseparable bond.
- material of both substrates that lies in the joining zone is melted directly, and the material of the first substrate mixes with the material of the second substrate to form an inseparable one-piece composite.
- the housing produced in this way thus has a one-piece, that is to say monolithic bond between the substrates in the joining zone.
- the respective edge of the respective housing of the cavities to be sealed is formed by the at least one central substrate.
- the respective lower side and the respective upper side of the respective housing are formed from the two remaining substrates.
- a contact or interface surface is formed between the at least two, preferably three, substrates so that each housing has at least one, preferably two, contact surfaces.
- a contact area can extend over the entire surface of the respective substrate. At least two contact surfaces are assigned to each housing. This means that even if the transparent substrate is viewed as a whole, a common
- this contact area which extends over the entire surface of the substrate and which comes to lie on the second substrate, this contact area is conceptually divided or subdivided into each housing, so that each housing is assigned a part of this interface.
- An interface does not have to be optically transparent. It is also advantageous if the transparent substrate is opaque in the visible wavelength range. Only the substrate through which the laser passes to get to the contact surface has at least one spectral window, so that at least the wavelength of the laser used can pass through the substrate at least partially or at least in areas.
- the contact surface is designed so that the laser can perform an energy deposition on it. For example, the surfaces of the two substrates lying against one another can be sprinkled on and furthermore have a roughness in the nm range, for example.
- a contact surface in the sense of this application is to be understood as a surface on which the incident laser beam can deposit energy, and so on Joining process can be carried out along the contact surface.
- a simple case of such an interface is the contact area between two adjacent substrates.
- all three substrate layers are transparent, so that both the underside, the edge and the upper side, and thus the housing, consist entirely of transparent material.
- the substrates are glued to one another or joined to form a common
- the step of hermetically sealing the cavities can be carried out by joining the at least three substrates along the two contact surfaces of each housing by means of a laser joining process.
- energy can be deposited in the area of the contact surface by means of a laser, specifically so locally that it is referred to as a cold joining process.
- the thermal energy provided for joining is thus concentrated on the course of the interface and diffuses only comparatively slowly into the rest of the material of the housing, so that in particular no significant temperature rise occurs in the cavity. This protects the electronics arranged in the cavity from overheating.
- each housing is therefore assigned two circumferential contact surfaces.
- the respective cavity is preferably hermetically sealed by joining along the two contact surfaces with the laser joining process.
- the middle and the third, each transparent substrate, as well as the first substrate are firmly welded to one another and the cavities are hermetically sealed.
- the respective housing is separated by means of a cutting or severing step. This means that the substrates are cut or separated in such a way that each housing is separated from the remaining material.
- the at least one middle substrate can comprise more than one transparent substrate which together form the respective edge of the cavities.
- the at least one middle substrate can comprise more than one transparent substrate which together form the respective edge of the cavities.
- three middle Be arranged substrate layers wherein the three middle substrate layers together form the edge of the cavities.
- the at least three substrates are preferably provided in the form of a wafer stack with at least three wafers.
- a plurality of hermetically sealed housings can then be produced jointly from the wafers or the wafer stack in the same work process. This procedure has proven to be particularly economical, since there is particularly little scrap and thus material loss.
- the at least three wafers preferably consist of glass, glass ceramic, silicon, sapphire or a combination of the aforementioned materials.
- at least one wafer consists of a material that is different from that of the middle wafer.
- the wafer, which forms the underside of the cavities, can preferably be provided from an optically non-transparent material which may have other properties, such as in particular electrical conductivity.
- the edge and the top of the housings, on the other hand, are preferably made of transparent material. It is further preferred to consist of all substrates
- transparent material In the case of a transparent housing made of glass or predominantly of glass, in particular of borosilicate glass, it is particularly advantageous that this is chemically inert.
- the substrate or substrates can also have a coating.
- AR coatings, protective coatings, bioactive films, optical filters, conductive layers, e.g. made of ITO or gold, can be used, for example, as long as it is ensured that there is at least partial transparency for the laser wavelength used in the irradiation area for the laser.
- the edge hardness of the hermetically sealed enclosure can be measured using a four-point bending test method.
- the edge hardness of the housings strengthened with the method according to the invention, which are therefore particularly resistant, is at least 150 MPa or even more than 150 MPa.
- the separation of the respective housing is carried out by means of a laser, that is to say by means of a laser cutting or laser severing process.
- a laser that is to say by means of a laser cutting or laser severing process.
- the housings can be separated more cleanly from one another, with fewer breakages and cleaner separating points.
- the same laser that is also used for the joining step can preferably be used for the separation.
- the at least one transparent substrate is preferably made of glass, glass ceramic, silicon or sapphire or a combination of the aforementioned materials, for example ok
- the further substrate or substrates can also comprise or consist of Al 2 O 3, sapphire, Si 3 N 4 or AlN.
- Coatings can also be used, e.g. piezoresistive Si layers, especially for pressure sensors, or thicker layers for micromechanical applications such as pulse measurement via a MEMS.
- the first and / or third substrate preferably has a thickness of less than 500 mhi, preferably less than 300 mhi, more preferably less than 120 mhi, and even more preferably a thickness of less than 80 mhi.
- At least one of the laterally circumferential edge, underside or upper side are here at least partially transparent for a wavelength range.
- at least one sub-element of the housing is transparent at least in a sub-area of the sub-element for a preferred wavelength range, the wavelength range being known in advance and the material being able to be adjusted accordingly to the wavelength of the laser to be used, if desired is.
- the housing is joined to the hermetically sealed housing using a laser joining process.
- the edge, lower side and upper side consist of more than one part, for example two or three parts or even more, and the parts are laser-joined to one another to complete the housing.
- the housing can be chemically hardened at least partially and / or in areas.
- one surface of the housing i.e. for example the top
- the top and edge can also be chemically hardened.
- Both the upper side and the edge as well as the lower side are particularly preferably chemically hardened, so that both the respective surface of the upper side or lower side is chemically hardened and the respective edge, that is to say the edge.
- the housings are preferably heated to a temperature that is higher than the later use temperature of the
- Enclosures For example, before the laser joining process is carried out, the housings are heated to a temperature higher than the ambient temperature.
- the heating takes place before the laser joining to a temperature which is 5 K higher, 10 K higher, preferably 20 K or more preferably 70 K higher than the later temperature Operating temperature.
- the enclosures are then allowed to cool down
- the structure can also be implemented with the inverse ratio of the coefficient of thermal expansion. If the at least one middle substrate has a lower characteristic value of the thermal expansion coefficient than the upper side and / or the lower side and at the same time the laser joining process is carried out at a lower joining temperature, i.e. the joining temperature below the later one
- a housing with a hermetically sealed accommodation cavity enclosed therein is also provided, which is produced according to a method described above.
- a housing produced according to the method described above can advantageously be used as a medical implant or as a sensor, in particular as a barometer.
- a transparent housing with a hermetically sealed accommodation cavity for accommodating an accommodation object.
- An accommodation object is, for example, an electronic circuit, a sensor or MEMS.
- the transparent housing according to the invention comprises a laterally encircling edge made of transparent material made from a first part and an underside made from a second part and an upper side made from a third part, which together completely enclose the accommodation cavity.
- the at least one central part of the housing consists of a material which has a different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) than the first and / or the third substrate.
- CTE coefficient of thermal expansion
- the three parts are also thermally prestressed.
- the three parts can also be chemically toughened.
- the at least three parts of the housing are joined to the hermetically sealed housing using a laser joining process.
- the transparent casing preferably has an edge hardness of at least 150 MPa or more than 150 MPa, it being possible to measure the edge hardness using a four-point bending test method.
- the substrates Before the step of joining the at least two, preferably three, substrates, the substrates can be connected to one another at least temporarily along the contact surfaces of each housing by means of wringing.
- the transparent housing can, for example, have a size of 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm or less, in particular the accommodation cavity has a diameter of less than or equal to 2 mm.
- a transparent housing can also have a size of 0.2 mm ⁇ 0.2 mm or smaller.
- the transparent housing can also be made larger, depending on the area of application, several centimeters in length and more is possible.
- a practical size limitation which is due to the preferred manufacturing method, but which should not be understood as a size limitation per se, is simply the size of the wafers to be cut. The use of wafers for production is only to be understood as an example. It is entirely possible, for example, to use glass plates to produce the transparent housing, which can also have larger dimensions than typical wafer sizes.
- a marker can preferably be incorporated in the first, second and / or third part.
- the thermal prestressing can preferably be achieved through the targeted use of
- Materials having a different coefficient of thermal expansion can be achieved. This is further promoted or achieved by a suitable temperature.
- the arrangement according to the invention comprises a first substrate made of at least partially transparent material, a second substrate which is arranged directly adjacent to the first substrate, the first substrate being joined to the second substrate by means of a laser joining method at a joining temperature, with the first Substrate at a temperature below the joining temperature Compressive stress is built up towards the second substrate, or wherein a compressive stress is built up towards the second substrate in the first substrate at a temperature above the joining temperature.
- the second substrate can consist of a material which has a different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE).
- the second substrate has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion.
- the first substrate can be a glass or glass ceramic substrate.
- tensile stress can be built up in the second substrate of the arrangement.
- Fig. 1 a plan view of the opened accommodation cavity
- FIG. 1 b 3D view of a closed housing
- Fig. 2c embodiment of the housing with three middle layers
- FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of a housing
- Fig. 3 shown housing
- Fig. 8 representation of the housing with applied bias.
- 1 a shows the accommodation object 2 to be protected embedded on a lower substrate 3, encased by an intermediate substrate 4 and to be covered by an upper substrate 5.
- the three substrates 3, 4, 5 thus together form the housing 1 around the
- Accommodation object 2 which is arranged in cavity 12.
- the intermediate substrate 4 is made of a different material than the lower substrate 3 and than the upper substrate 5.
- the intermediate substrate 4 has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion CTE than the other layers shown.
- the layers 3, 4, 5 shown can be wafer slices, so that the housing is formed in that three wafer slices are layered on top of one another as a wafer stack and these are joined or welded.
- a substrate 3, 4, 5 is preferably a flat glass component as part of an isolated chip.
- a wafer is preferably a large-area glass component that can be separated into chips, which then comprise several substrates. With a later separation as shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of components consisting of different substrates can then be manufactured cost-effectively.
- Fig. 1 b shows the hermetically sealed and hardened housing 1 formed in this way.
- This housing 1 has the lower substrate 3, the intermediate substrate 4 and the upper substrate 5 stacked on top of one another, with between the lower substrate 3 and the intermediate substrate 4 on the one hand and between the Intermediate substrate 4 and the upper substrate 5, on the other hand, each have an interface 25.
- the intermediate substrate layer 4 is not designed to be flat and continuous, so that in fleas the
- the accommodation cavities 12 are formed.
- FIG. 2a a section through a hermetically sealed hardened housing 1 is shown.
- the lower substrate 3 forms the lower side 22 of the cavity 12, the intermediate substrate 4, which in this example is one with reference to the substrate 3 and 4
- Accommodation object 2 arranged.
- the substrates 3, 4, 5 can again be wafer slices, so that the housing is formed by three wafers together as a wafer stack 18 surrounding the accommodation cavity 12 and forming the housing 1.
- FIG. 2b shows a detail section of the joining area, the laser-joined interface zone 7 and the laser joining zone 8 clearly emerging.
- the laser joining zone 8 is arranged in the area of the contact surface 25. External influences can affect the Enclosures 1 act, in particular on corners 6 of the laser-joined stack 18. These corners 6 prevent the penetration of, for example, chemical solutions into the substrate stack 18 up to the laser joining zone 8.
- Fig. 2c shows a detail of a further embodiment of the
- the three middle layers 4a, 4b, 4c all have a different characteristic value of the coefficient of thermal expansion CTE than the lower layer 3 and also than the upper layer 5.
- This embodiment enables a graduated stress profile to be implemented over the layers 4a, 4b, 4c, or non-laser-joined components are provided with layers of glass under pressure.
- FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a housing 1 according to the invention, the circumferential laser joining zone 8 surrounding the functional area 13.
- the functional area 13 can be constructed in different ways. Examples of the design of the functional area 13, as well as other options for an enclosure, can be found in FIGS. 4a to 8b. The various designs of the functional area 13 can be shown graphically in FIGS. 4a to 8b.
- the functional area can realize various tasks, for example this can be an optical receptor or a technical, electro-mechanical and / or electronic component which is arranged in the functional area 13. Several of these tasks can also be implemented in functional area 13.
- the housing 8 is covered on the top by the upper substrate 5.
- the laser joining zone 8 extends into this upper substrate 5.
- FIG. 4 a a first sectional view of a first embodiment of a housing 1 is shown, which has the base substrate 3 and the cover substrate 5.
- the housing is constructed or composed of two layers, namely the base layer 3 and the cover layer 5.
- Fig. 4a also shows the structure of the laser joining line 8 from a series of a plurality of laser pulse hit areas 16, which are so close together that the material of the base substrate 3 and the cover substrate 5 melt together without gaps.
- FIG. 4b shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a housing 1 along the line C-> D, as inserted in FIG. 3.
- the cover substrate 5 has on its top or On the outside, a first hardened layer 27, which extends over the thickness DoL into the material of the cover substrate 5.
- the cover substrate 5 and thus the housing 1 is hardened on the upper side or has a hardening zone 27 there, so that the housing 1 is hardened in certain areas, namely on one side.
- FIG. 4b also shows a section through the functional area 13, 13a, which extends, for example, as a continuous cavity or cavity in the housing 1.
- the cavity extends from the base substrate 3 into the cover substrate 5 and is, for example, in the form of a recess made from the base substrate 3 and / or
- the functional area 13a can also comprise an active layer, for example an electrically conductive layer, and the functional area 13 comprises the cavity.
- the laser joining zone 8 by means of which the functional area 13, 13a is closed all around on the sides, is arranged around the functional area 13, 13a. It is conceivable to leave open areas in the laser joining zone 8 so that the functional area 13, 13a is not closed all around, for example to leave open a communication channel with which, for example, fluid communication with the surroundings can be established. In other words, it can be provided that pre-planned locations or positions are not closed with the focused laser beam 9, but that the hermetic seal is set up there by other means such as an adhesive. Is preferred that
- Functional area 13, 13a to be closed on all sides and without gaps.
- FIG. 5a another embodiment is shown in which the laser joining zone 8 is created along the contact surface 25 by means of the laser pulse hits 16, at which the cover substrate 5 is welded or joined to the base substrate 3.
- This embodiment has the further special feature that the surfaces of the first substrate 3 and of the second substrate 5 are hardened all around, that is to say have the hardened layers 27, 28 and 29.
- Base substrate 3 or after connection to base substrate 3 with its upper side are immersed in a hardening bath so that the finished housing 1 is chemically hardened, i.e. has at least one hardened surface 27 and / or has at least one hardened layer.
- the finished housing 1 is at least partially or
- the cover substrate 5 has the height DoL.
- the joining zone 8 has the height HL.
- a minimum material thickness MM remains between the hardening zone 27 and the joining zone 8.
- the entire thickness of the covering substrate 5 can then be composed of HL + MM + DoL.
- the functional area 13, 13a extends within the hardened layers 27, 28, 29, the hardened layer 28 being arranged on an annular area around the functional area 13, 13a.
- the hardened layer 28 being arranged on an annular area around the functional area 13, 13a.
- Cover substrate 5 and also the base substrate 3 hardened on both of its long sides, in particular chemically hardened in a hardening solution.
- the substrates 3, 5 were immersed in a hardening solution for chemical hardening on the respective long sides, for example on the respective upper side and underside, in order to harden the long sides.
- the housing 1 is hardened on all outer sides, ie both the two opposite long sides have hardened layers 27 and 29, and the circumferential edge 14 of the housing has the hardened layer 28, the circumferential edge 14 extends around the housing 1.
- the edge 14 can also be understood or referred to as the edge 21 of the housing, which extends around the cavity 12.
- a housing 1 as shown in FIG. 5a can be obtained, for example, by dipping the assembled housing, which comprises the cover substrate 5 and the base substrate 3, in a hardening solution and, in particular, is chemically hardened there.
- the hardened layers 27, 28, 29 are thus arranged directly on the outer sides of the housing 1.
- Fig. 5b shows an embodiment of the housing 1, a section along the line C-> D is shown.
- the functional area 13, 13a is also arranged in this embodiment in such a way that it extends from the base substrate 3 into the cover substrate 5, for example as a recess in the respective substrate.
- a recess 13, 13a can in particular be made by a sandblasting method (cf. FIGS. 7 to 14).
- the joining line 8 is arranged around the recess 13, 13a so that the recesses 13, 13a are hermetically sealed on all sides.
- the housing 1, like the embodiment of FIG. 5a, is chemically hardened on all sides, in other words has a hardened area 27, 28 on all surfaces, 29 on.
- a first hardened layer 27 is arranged on the first long side, which can be the top side of the cover substrate 5
- a third hardened layer 29 is arranged on a second long side, which can be the underside of the base substrate 3
- a third hardened layer 29 is arranged on the circumferential edge 21 or the circumferential edge 14, the second hardened layer 28 is arranged.
- the top 23 of the cavity is arranged within the first hardened layer 27, the edge 21 of the cavity within the second hardened layer 28 and the bottom 22 of the cavity within the third hardened layer 29.
- the cavity or the functional area 13, 13a is thus on all sides enclosed by hardened material 27, 28, 29.
- Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of a housing 1 along the section line C-> D, in this example the functional area 13 or the cavity 12 in the
- Cover substrate 5 is arranged. For example, in this example only that
- Cover substrate 5 can be hollowed out by means of the sandblasting method, whereas the
- Base substrate 3 does not need to be treated further. Production can thus be simpler, since fewer parts of the housing have to be machined.
- the cover substrate 5 has the hardening layer 27 on its long side and the hardening layer 28 on its edge 14.
- the cover substrate 5 was immersed individually or after being joined to the base substrate 3 in a hardening solution with the top of the cover substrate 5 in a hardening solution for chemical hardening, to the extent that the height of the second hardened layer 28 is reached.
- the base substrate 3 has no hardness zones.
- the lateral hardening zone 28 ends directly in the area of the contact surface 25 between the covering substrate 5 and the base substrate 3. The joint along the joining line 8 was made within the hardening zone 28, that is, in relaxed material.
- a first long side of the housing 1 has the hardened layer 27 and a first narrow side 14 has the hardened layer 28 in regions.
- the hardened layer 28 can extend circumferentially around the housing 1, for example around the functional area 13.
- a section is shown on the line C-> D drawn there, that is, through the functional area 13.
- the functional area 13 is limited to the dimensions of the cover substrate 5, so it does not extend into the base substrate 3.
- the base substrate 3 is joined directly to the cover substrate 5, so that no further layer or no further substrate is arranged between the base substrate 3 and the cover substrate 5.
- the functional area 13 is designed as a cavity.
- the cavity can be inserted into the cover substrate 5 can be introduced, for example, by means of a sandblasting process, generally with an abrasive process, chemical etching is also possible in order to introduce the cavity into the substrate.
- a first embodiment of the method is for
- a step A the wafers 3, 4, 5 and the accommodation objects 2 to be accommodated are aligned.
- the upper wafer 5 comes to rest on the intermediate wafer 4, and this in turn comes to lie on the lower wafer 3 in such a way that a substrate stack or wafer stack 18 is formed.
- the middle layer 4 has a different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) than the lower layer 3 and also than the upper layer 5. Since here the intermediate substrate 4, which comprises the recesses in which the cavities 12 are formed, is arranged in the middle is, the accommodation cavities 12 are then enclosed on all sides by substrate material. In other words, when aligning the substrates in step A, the all-round enclosure with edge 21, bottom 22 and top 23 of the cavity is formed. If necessary, the substrates can be connected to one another, in particular fixed by wringing, for example to secure them in position.
- Step B of the method shown in FIG. 7 shows the wafer stack 18 arranged one above the other with cavities 12 located therein for receiving accommodation objects 2.
- the substrate stack or wafer stack 18 is optionally blasted on.
- This substrate stack or wafer stack 18 can be fed to the joining process in this closed form, in which the layers are joined to form a firmly connected stack 18, so that one-piece housings 1 are obtained therefrom.
- Step C shows the laser joining of the respective accommodation cavities 12, that is, the closing of the cavities 12 on all sides along the contact surfaces.
- a laser unit 15 is guided from above the stack 18 over the surface of the stack 18 and a focused laser beam 9 is pointed at the zones to be joined.
- the laser guide lines can be designed, for example, as a grid of intersecting lines. That too
- Step D shows the step of separating or cutting the stack 18 in order to separate the housings 1.
- the stack 18 is cut or separated along separating or cutting lines 10.
- the temperature is preferably kept constant or steady in a temperature range which is just below the temperature at which the housings will later be used.
- Step E finally shows the hermetically sealed and hardened housing 1 with the accommodation cavity 12 arranged therein.
- the temperature can now be brought back to a normal temperature after completion of the aforementioned processing steps, that is to say in particular the ambient temperature.
- FIG. 8 a detailed view of the joining area or a side sectional view of a housing 1 is shown, in which the joined melting areas 8 are shown in the area of the contact surface 25. Since the intermediate layer 4 has a higher characteristic value of the thermal expansion coefficient CTE than the lower layer 3 and also than the upper layer 5, a thermal prestress is formed in the illustrated Z-direction, which in turn results in a higher hardness of the finished housing 1.
- the existing bias of the substrate stack is not resolved by the laser bond. This is due to the fusion of the bond profile of the laser bond line typical for the present invention, which is only very limited due to the ultrashort pulses, and which does not dissolve the pretension in the area.
- the laser joining zone can be detected in the finished end product, for example, through the specific local change in the refractive index of the material in the small fusion area.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019119961.1A DE102019119961A1 (de) | 2019-07-24 | 2019-07-24 | Hermetisch verschlossene transparente Kavität und deren Umhäusung |
| PCT/EP2020/070934 WO2021013982A1 (de) | 2019-07-24 | 2020-07-24 | Hermetisch verschlossene transparente kavität und deren umhäusung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4003904A1 true EP4003904A1 (de) | 2022-06-01 |
Family
ID=71950588
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20751479.5A Pending EP4003904A1 (de) | 2019-07-24 | 2020-07-24 | Hermetisch verschlossene transparente kavität und deren umhäusung |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11975962B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4003904A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP7737355B2 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN114206789B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019119961A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021013982A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023133107A1 (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-07-13 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Compact esd structure |
Family Cites Families (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001307633A (ja) * | 2000-04-20 | 2001-11-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | フラットディスプレイパネル、フラットディスプレイ装置およびフラットディスプレイパネルの製造方法 |
| US6661084B1 (en) * | 2000-05-16 | 2003-12-09 | Sandia Corporation | Single level microelectronic device package with an integral window |
| US6809413B1 (en) * | 2000-05-16 | 2004-10-26 | Sandia Corporation | Microelectronic device package with an integral window mounted in a recessed lip |
| US6896949B1 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2005-05-24 | Bookham (Us) Inc. | Wafer scale production of optical elements |
| US20060191215A1 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2006-08-31 | Stark David H | Insulated glazing units and methods |
| JP2006008476A (ja) * | 2004-06-29 | 2006-01-12 | Nippon Electric Glass Co Ltd | 建築用ガラス物品及び建築用ガラス物品の製造方法 |
| SG176881A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2012-02-28 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Glass member with sealing material layer, electronic device using same, and method for manufacturing the electronic device |
| KR20120085267A (ko) * | 2009-09-22 | 2012-07-31 | 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | 디바이스의 실링을 위한 유리 패키지 및 유리 패키지를 포함하는 시스템 |
| CN101807672B (zh) * | 2010-04-12 | 2012-10-24 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | 玻璃封装结构及其制造方法 |
| WO2012090943A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-07-05 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 封着材料層付きガラス部材とそれを用いた電子デバイス及びその製造方法 |
| JPWO2012108083A1 (ja) * | 2011-02-07 | 2014-07-03 | 株式会社Neomaxマテリアル | 気密封止用蓋材、電子部品収納用パッケージおよび気密封止用蓋材の製造方法 |
| JP5984452B2 (ja) | 2012-03-29 | 2016-09-06 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | ガラス溶着方法、ガラス溶着装置及びガラス溶着体 |
| EP2904436A4 (de) * | 2012-10-08 | 2016-06-01 | Corning Inc | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bereitstellung verbesserter anzeigekomponenten |
| US9666763B2 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2017-05-30 | Corning Incorporated | Glass sealing with transparent materials having transient absorption properties |
| CN105377783B (zh) | 2013-05-10 | 2019-03-08 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 采用低熔融玻璃或薄吸收膜对透明玻璃片进行激光焊接 |
| KR20160147833A (ko) * | 2014-04-21 | 2016-12-23 | 코닝 인코포레이티드 | 고 열팽창 유리 및 유리-세라믹의 레이저 용접 |
| US20160039664A1 (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-02-11 | Honeywell International Inc. | Monolithic integration of stress isolation feautures in a microelectromechanical system (mems) structure |
| FI125935B (fi) | 2014-09-26 | 2016-04-15 | Primoceler Oy | Menetelmä optisen komponentin suojana käytettävän läpinäkyvän kappaleen valmistamiseksi |
| JP6679585B2 (ja) | 2014-10-07 | 2020-04-15 | ショット アクチエンゲゼルシャフトSchott AG | 高められた強度を有する合わせガラス |
| EP3368310A1 (de) * | 2015-10-27 | 2018-09-05 | Corning Incorporated | Verfahren zum laminieren von ultradünnem zur glasfreien substraten |
| JP2019515857A (ja) * | 2016-03-17 | 2019-06-13 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | Uv吸収薄膜を含む封止された装置 |
| DE102018111898B4 (de) | 2017-06-06 | 2025-10-16 | Schott Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gehäuses für ein optoelektronisches Bauelement |
| US10364144B2 (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-07-30 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Hermetically sealed package for mm-wave molecular spectroscopy cell |
| DE102020104613A1 (de) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-08-26 | Schott Ag | Hermetisch verschlossene Glasumhäusung |
-
2019
- 2019-07-24 DE DE102019119961.1A patent/DE102019119961A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-07-24 CN CN202080052522.XA patent/CN114206789B/zh active Active
- 2020-07-24 JP JP2022504241A patent/JP7737355B2/ja active Active
- 2020-07-24 WO PCT/EP2020/070934 patent/WO2021013982A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-07-24 EP EP20751479.5A patent/EP4003904A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-01-24 US US17/582,514 patent/US11975962B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114206789A (zh) | 2022-03-18 |
| US20220144627A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 |
| US11975962B2 (en) | 2024-05-07 |
| JP2022541618A (ja) | 2022-09-26 |
| WO2021013982A1 (de) | 2021-01-28 |
| DE102019119961A1 (de) | 2021-01-28 |
| CN114206789B (zh) | 2024-05-31 |
| JP7737355B2 (ja) | 2025-09-10 |
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