EP4003624A1 - Method and electron beam equipment for processing powdered materials at high acceleration voltages - Google Patents
Method and electron beam equipment for processing powdered materials at high acceleration voltagesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4003624A1 EP4003624A1 EP20750223.8A EP20750223A EP4003624A1 EP 4003624 A1 EP4003624 A1 EP 4003624A1 EP 20750223 A EP20750223 A EP 20750223A EP 4003624 A1 EP4003624 A1 EP 4003624A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electron beam
- powder
- powdery material
- acceleration voltage
- powder bed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 NiCr19NbMo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OQPDWFJSZHWILH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Al].[Ti] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Al].[Ti] OQPDWFJSZHWILH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001285 shape-memory alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021324 titanium aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/362—Process control of energy beam parameters for preheating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for processing a powdery material with an electron beam system at high acceleration voltages.
- the invention relates to a method for preheating a powdery material at high acceleration voltages and a method for melting a powdery material at high acceleration voltages.
- the invention also relates to an electron beam system for carrying out such procedures for processing powdery material at high acceleration voltages.
- Additive manufacturing processes are characterized by the joining together of volume elements to form a three-dimensional structure, in particular by a layered structure.
- methods are used in which an energy beam is used to combine a powdery material in a powder bed by selective melting of the individual powder particles point by point and layer by layer to form a 3D structure.
- the material can be solidified by sintering the powder particles or by completely melting the powder particles by means of laser beams or electron beams.
- metal powder by selective electron beam melting allows the production of complex geometries and structures with quick and precise manipulation and a high degree of automation.
- processing the powdery material with electron beams causes a locally and temporally limited electrostatic charge of the exposed powder. beds, as metal powder particles, for example, are often surrounded by an oxide layer, which is less conductive. Therefore, a metal powder particle, although it is conductive inside, can become electrically charged when the electron beam arrives.
- the charge can reach a supercritical level and collectively accelerate the powder particles resting in the area of impact of the electron beam out of the processing zone, i.e. distribute them from the powder bed to other areas of the electron beam system before the fusion process occurs. This leads to material losses and process interruptions, since the material is expelled from the powder bed before sintering.
- preheating include the heating of the applied powder layer by means of a heating plate or by exposure to electron beams with normal acceleration voltages of approximately 60 kV. Another efficient method of preheating the powder layer is described in WO
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide methods for processing a powdery material which better solve the problem of electrostatic powder discharge of the powdery material during processing with the electron beam.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a corresponding electron beam system for processing the powdery material.
- this object is achieved by a method for processing a pulverulent material which comprises the following steps: a1) providing an electron beam system comprising a device for receiving a powder bed from the pulverulent material to be processed, and an electron beam generator which is set up to directing an electron beam to laterally different locations of the powder bed b1) applying a powder layer to a substrate c1) preheating the powdery material with the electron beam, the electron beam being operated in step c1) with an acceleration voltage of 90 kV or greater.
- Known electron beam machining processes and also preheating processes carried out by means of the electron beam are usually carried out at acceleration voltages of about 60 kV, since above this high voltage value hard X-rays occur that are not shielded by conventional electron beam devices.
- the inventors have now recognized that by increasing the acceleration voltage to 90 kV or greater with the same power input for preheating by the electron beam, a lower beam current can be selected. This means that a smaller number of charge carriers is entered in the material per unit of time, as a result, there is less electrostatic charge. As a result, the temperature for premelting the powder particles can be reached with less electrostatic charge.
- the higher acceleration voltage causes an increased penetration depth and thus a distribution of the electrons over a larger volume in the material.
- the method according to the invention thus solves the described problem of electrostatic powder expulsion to the effect that the preheating step results in a change in the energy balance in the powdery material, e.g. due to sintering.
- the jet current remaining the same compared to previous preheating methods, however, significantly shorter exposure times can be achieved by increasing the acceleration voltage and, as a result, the process time can be shortened without increasing the electrostatic powder discharge.
- the inventors have recognized that higher acceleration voltages with a constant beam current lead to a significant improvement in process stability due to reduced electrostatic powder discharge. Since the variables that determine electrostatic powder bed charging can be derived from the local current density and the properties of the powder, the values for the acceleration voltage and the beam current can be derived from a formula. In this formula, parameters such as the temperature of the powder can be derived verbetts, the pressure in the electron beam device or a material property parameter such as melting temperature, heat capacity or conductivity of the powder material are included.
- the method preferably comprises the step d1) melting with the electron beam of at least part of the powder layer.
- the acceleration voltage in the method according to the invention is preferably 90 kV to 150 kV, in particular 100 kV or greater, preferably 120 kV or greater.
- the beam power is preferably at least 100 W and at most 100 kW.
- the powdery material preferably comprises titanium, copper, nickel, aluminum and / or alloys thereof, in particular Ti-6Al-4V, an alloy comprising titanium, 6% by weight of aluminum and 4% by weight of vanadium.
- the powdery material preferably has an average grain size D50 of 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
- the object is achieved by a further method for processing a powdery material, which comprises the following steps: a2) Providing an electron beam system (1) comprising a device (6) for receiving a powder bed (7) from the powdery material (12) to be processed ), and an electron beam generator (3) which is set up to direct an electron beam (4) onto laterally different locations of the powder bed (7); b2) applying a powder layer (9) to a substrate (10); c2) melting at least part of the pulverulent material (12) with the electron beam (4); wherein the electron beam (4) is operated in step c2) with an acceleration voltage of 90 kV or greater; and no preheating of the powder layer (9) takes place between step b1) and step c1).
- the process time can be reduced even further by this method, since the process time is additionally reduced by completely omitting the pre-heating step and operating the electron beam at 90 kV or higher in the melting step.
- this process uses the effect of the increased penetration depth and the resulting better charge distribution of the electrons, as well as the reduced electron entry with the same power.
- the acceleration voltage in the method according to the invention is preferably 90 kV to 150 kV, in particular 100 kV or greater, preferably 120 kV or greater.
- the beam power is preferably at least 100 W and at most 100 kW.
- the powdery material preferably comprises titanium, copper, nickel, aluminum and / or alloys thereof, in particular Ti-6Al-4V, an alloy comprising titanium, 6% by weight of aluminum and 4% by weight of vanadium.
- the powdery material preferably has an average grain size D50 of 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
- the system for processing powdery material with an electron beam system
- the system according to the invention comprises a device for receiving a powder bed from the powdery material to be processed, and an electron beam generator which is set up to direct an electron beam to laterally different locations of the powder bed align, the electron beam system being designed to carry out the method according to the invention.
- the electron beam system preferably has X-ray shielding for this purpose, which is designed such that, despite a high voltage of over 90 kV, preferably over 100 kV, in particular over 120 kV, the x-ray radiation outside the electron beam system is below a specified limit. In particular, this limit must meet the requirements of the Radiation Protection Ordinance.
- a viewing window in the interior of the electron beam system is to be provided with a thicker shielding layer or even a separate cover is to be provided which covers the viewing window during operation and whose opening ends the process.
- the electron beam system can advantageously include a control unit which, when the powder material to be fused is entered, defines the values for the acceleration voltage U and the beam current I using a stored formula.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an electron beam system according to the invention with a powder container.
- FIG. 1 shows an electron beam system 1 with a vacuum housing 2 in which an electron beam gun 3 for generating an electron beam 4 is arranged.
- the electron beam gun 3 is arranged with an optional optical magnet unit 5 above a lifting table 6 with a lifting plate and a receiving frame, which serves as a spatially limited powder container which receives a powder bed 7 made of a powdery material to be processed.
- the powder application device 9 has a container, not shown, for the powdery material, from which the material on the powder bed 7 can be squeegeed as the top loose layer 8 by a movement.
- the relative movement of the electron beam to the powder bed 7 can be done by deflecting the electron beam in the deflection device 5, or by setting up the Hubti cal.
- Components that are manufactured with the method according to the invention and the system according to the invention can be found in the aerospace industry as turbine blades, Pump wheels and gear mounts in helicopters; in the automotive industry as turbo charger wheels and wheel spokes; in medical technology as orthopedic implants and prostheses; as a heat exchanger and in tool and mold making applications.
- the powdery material according to the invention includes all electrically conductive materials suitable for the electron beam method.
- Preferred examples are metallic or ceramic materials, in particular titanium, copper, nickel, aluminum and alloys thereof such as Ti-6AI-4V, an alloy consisting of titanium, 6 wt% aluminum and 4 wt% vanadium, AISil OMg and titanium aluminide (TiAl ).
- NiCr19NbMo nickel-based alloys
- iron and iron alloys in particular steels such as tool steel and stainless steel, copper and alloys thereof, refractory metals, in particular niobium, molybdenum, tungsten and alloys thereof, precious metals, in particular gold, magnesium and alloys of these, cobalt-based alloys such as CoCrMo, high-entropy alloys such as AICoCrFeNi and CoCrFeNiTi, as well as shape memory alloys.
- the powdery material preferably has an average grain size D50 of 10 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m.
- the acceleration voltage in the preheating step and / or in the melting step is 90 kV or more.
- the increase in the acceleration voltage causes the electrons to penetrate more deeply into the powdery material.
- factors influencing the maximum depth of penetration of the electrons into matter include material parameters such as density, atomic mass and atomic number. It is known that the penetration depth in titanium at 60 kV is a maximum of about 15 pm, at 90 kV a maximum of about 30 pm and at 150 kV a maximum of about 70 pm.
- the energy introduced is distributed over a larger volume in the powder bed and, as a result, the tendency to develop local temperature peaks and thus fusing is reduced during the preheating step. This leads to an increased quality of the residual powder and effectively higher degrees of recycling of the material.
- the maximum beam power of 100 kW takes into account the fact that in the interaction volume between electrons and the powdery material to be processed, the material can be converted into the molten state with typical beam parameters without undesirable effects such as evaporation of the material caused by overheating.
- the calculation basis is the material-specific energy to be used for heating and melting and the interaction volume, which is a function of the acceleration voltage and the area exposed by the electron beam.
- the uppermost loose layer 8 of powdery material is first applied to a substrate with the powder application device 9.
- the base plate 10 or the powder bed 7 can be considered as the substrate, as well as the component 11 in later process stages.
- a preheating step takes place.
- the uppermost loose layer 8 is exposed to the electron beam 4.
- the acceleration voltage of the electron beam 4 is at least 90 kV. In preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, the acceleration voltage is between 90 and 150 kV, acceleration voltages of 100 kV and 120 kV are particularly preferred.
- the beam parameters are selected according to the quality of the powdery material. Typically, a beam current between at least 100 W and at most 100 kW is set. The scanning speed is at least 1 m / s and at most 1000 m / s.
- the loose layer 8 is connected to one another by diffusion processes on the grain surfaces. This leads to a reduction in the contact resistance between the individual powder particles 12 in the layer 8 and consequently to a higher electrical conductivity on the surface of the powder bed. In this way, the charge introduced by the electron beam can be better dissipated and electrostatic powder discharge can be avoided.
- the melting step then takes place.
- the electron beam gun 3 by melting the powder particles 12 at points of the prepared powder bed 7 or its uppermost loose layer 8, which are provided by the 3D structure to be generated, a firm connection is created.
- the invention also relates to a method for processing a powdery material without an additional preheating step.
- the uppermost loose layer 8 of powdery material is applied to a substrate with the powder application device 8.
- the base plate 10 or the powder bed 7 can be viewed, as well as the component 11 in later process stages.
- the acceleration voltage of the electron beam 4 is at least 90 kV. In preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, the acceleration voltage is between 90 and 150 kV. Preferred examples are acceleration voltages of 100 kV and 120 kV. The steps described above are repeated layer by layer until the 3D structure is completed.
- the idea of the invention is thus preferably shown in a method for additive manufacturing with an electron beam, in which an acceleration voltage between 90 kV to 160 kV, in particular 100 kV or greater, preferably 120 kV or greater, again preferably greater than, during preheating and / or melting 120 kV, again preferably between 135 kV and 160 kV, is used.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102019120570.0A DE102019120570A1 (en) | 2019-07-30 | 2019-07-30 | PROCESS AND ELECTRON BEAM SYSTEM FOR THE PROCESSING OF POWDERED MATERIALS AT HIGH ACCELERATION VOLTAGES |
PCT/EP2020/071433 WO2021018980A1 (en) | 2019-07-30 | 2020-07-29 | Method and electron beam equipment for processing powdered materials at high acceleration voltages |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4003624A1 true EP4003624A1 (en) | 2022-06-01 |
Family
ID=71899737
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20750223.8A Pending EP4003624A1 (en) | 2019-07-30 | 2020-07-29 | Method and electron beam equipment for processing powdered materials at high acceleration voltages |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220314326A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4003624A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2022543047A (en) |
CN (1) | CN114423544B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102019120570A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2021018980A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2024003264A1 (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2024-01-04 | Freemelt Ab | Additive manufacturing using a particle beam |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2998496B1 (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2021-01-29 | Association Pour La Rech Et Le Developpement De Methodes Et Processus Industriels Armines | ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF A PART BY SELECTIVE FUSION OR SELECTIVE SINTING OF BEDS OF POWDER WITH COMPACITY OPTIMIZED BY A HIGH ENERGY BEAM |
US9505057B2 (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2016-11-29 | Arcam Ab | Powder distribution in additive manufacturing of three-dimensional articles |
ES2571077B1 (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2017-02-13 | Gh Electrotermia, S.A. | Magnetic inductor and manufacturing method |
US10610930B2 (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2020-04-07 | Arcam Ab | Additive manufacturing of three-dimensional articles |
US20180147655A1 (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-05-31 | Arcam Ab | Additive manufacturing of three-dimensional articles |
DE102017105193A1 (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2018-09-13 | Pro-Beam Ag & Co. Kgaa | Electron beam system and method for processing powdery material |
EP4249255A3 (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2023-11-08 | Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & Technologies, LLC | Device for controlling additive manufacturing machinery |
US20190099809A1 (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-04 | Arcam Ab | Method and apparatus for additive manufacturing |
US10529070B2 (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2020-01-07 | Arcam Ab | Method and apparatus for detecting electron beam source filament wear |
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2019
- 2019-07-30 DE DE102019120570.0A patent/DE102019120570A1/en active Pending
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2020
- 2020-07-29 JP JP2022506421A patent/JP2022543047A/en active Pending
- 2020-07-29 CN CN202080064646.XA patent/CN114423544B/en active Active
- 2020-07-29 WO PCT/EP2020/071433 patent/WO2021018980A1/en unknown
- 2020-07-29 EP EP20750223.8A patent/EP4003624A1/en active Pending
- 2020-07-29 US US17/631,537 patent/US20220314326A1/en active Pending
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CN114423544B (en) | 2024-07-26 |
JP2022543047A (en) | 2022-10-07 |
DE102019120570A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 |
CN114423544A (en) | 2022-04-29 |
WO2021018980A1 (en) | 2021-02-04 |
US20220314326A1 (en) | 2022-10-06 |
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