EP4001084A1 - Gear box arrangement - Google Patents
Gear box arrangement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4001084A1 EP4001084A1 EP20207223.7A EP20207223A EP4001084A1 EP 4001084 A1 EP4001084 A1 EP 4001084A1 EP 20207223 A EP20207223 A EP 20207223A EP 4001084 A1 EP4001084 A1 EP 4001084A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gearbox
- engine
- housing
- hydrofoil
- vessel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
- B63B1/16—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces
- B63B1/24—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type
- B63B1/246—Arrangements of propulsion elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
- B63B1/16—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces
- B63B1/24—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type
- B63B1/28—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type with movable hydrofoils
- B63B1/285—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type with movable hydrofoils changing the angle of attack or the lift of the foil
- B63B1/286—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type with movable hydrofoils changing the angle of attack or the lift of the foil using flaps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
- B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
- B63H21/383—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like for handling cooling-water
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gearbox arrangement for use with hydrofoil systems employed on yachts, sailboats, ships, and other waterborne vessels.
- the present invention relates to such a gearbox with heat transfer cooling system.
- a sailing hydrofoil is a wing-like structure mounted under the hull of a boat, such as a yacht, that provides a speed advantage over more traditional boat designs.
- the sailing hydrofoil works with its wing-like appendage.
- a hydrofoil in the water accomplishes the same thing.
- the main difference is that a hydrofoil does not need to be as large as an airplane wing, because the water is much denser than air.
- the hydrofoils lifts most of the hull, or even the entire hull, up and out of the water, greatly reducing the wetted area, resulting in decreased drag and increased speed as the craft cuts through the water.
- a sailing hydrofoil could be a single hull, often referred to as a mono hull, a catamaran (which has two hulls), or a trimaran (which has three hulls). In the case of multiple hulls, the hulls are held together by a single upper deck. The wider and longer the ship, the more stable the sailing hydrofoil is.
- Conventional hydrofoils are used in either a passive way i.e. there is no active control on their geometry, or in an active way i.e. using flaps to cause the craft to ascend or descend and to control the craft about its pitch, heave, and roll axes.
- all control is manual e.g. using a control system with a mechanical lever arm, and the flaps require human intervention, which inherently requires extensive experience by a user and exposes the craft control to human error.
- there is an inherent trade-off between a requirement for faster and more accurate control and overall drag (a lower drag foil will come at the cost of inherent stability).
- Hydrofoil water vessels may be wind powered (e.g. yachts, sailing boats), or powered using an engine and gearbox mounted on the hull and mechanically engaged with a propeller system mounted adjacent the foil on the underside of the hull.
- wind powered e.g. yachts, sailing boats
- engine and gearbox mounted on the hull and mechanically engaged with a propeller system mounted adjacent the foil on the underside of the hull.
- propeller system mounted adjacent the foil on the underside of the hull.
- a first aspect of the present invention provides a gearbox system for a waterborne vessel with a hydrofoil, the gearbox system comprising:
- At least a portion of the housing is integral with the hydrofoil.
- the whole of the housing is integral with the hydrofoil.
- the profile of the gearbox system is significantly reduced.
- This layout significantly reduces the wetted area of the drive train, therefore reducing hydrodynamic drag of the eFoil system, improving efficiency and autonomy.
- the gearbox system is mounted on the hydrofoil. This allows the gearbox system to be completely separated from the Foil, allowing for Drive train fast replacement in case of maintenance, therefore minimizing downtime for commercial vessels.
- the gearing system and engine are a close fit within the interior space of the housing.
- the close fit allows the engine and gearbox to be in thermal contact with the gearbox casing such that heat generated by the engine and/or gearbox during use may be transferred by contact to the gearbox casing, which is subsequently cooled by the surrounding water in which it is submerged. No mechanical or forced water flow is required to cool the engine and gearbox.
- the engine is located adjacent the gearbox.
- the gearbox casing forms part of the foil and locates the engine to the foil structure.
- the gearbox casing is thermally conductive in order to cool the engine and gearbox by heat transfer into the surrounding environmental water.
- the gearbox casing comprises metal, and preferably coated or non-corrosive/corrosive resistant raw metal.
- any suitable known to the skilled person and highly resistant to corrosion could be used as an alternative to, or in addition to, using metal for the gearbox casing.
- the gearbox housing further comprises a power train engagement portion.
- the power train engagement portion engages with a power train connected to the controller on the hull of the vessel. This provides electrical communication between the controller and the engine and gearbox.
- the power train engagement portion is located distal to the propeller shaft engagement portion. This prevents any fouling of the power train by the moving parts of the propeller.
- the gearing system is an epicyclic gearbox (also known as planetary gearbox).
- epicyclic gearbox also known as planetary gearbox.
- any other suitable reduction system known to the skilled person and suitable for function could be used in addition to, or as an alternative to, an epicyclic gearbox.
- the engine comprises a high-power density electrical engine, referred to as a Motor Generator Unit (MGU).
- MGU Motor Generator Unit
- the engine may comprise an MGU and the gearbox may include epicyclic reduction hardware, both being located within the watertight gearbox casing.
- the gearbox casing may comprise, but is not limited to, any one or more of the following materials, including stainless steel (all grades), titanium alloy, aluminium (aluminum). However, it is to be appreciated that any other suitable material known to the skilled person may be used to make up the gearbox casing. Preferably, an appropriate sea water coating is applied to the gearbox casing to render the gearbox more resistant to sea water erosion. It is to be appreciate that any other material known to the skilled person and suitable for function may be used in addition to, or as an alternative to, the aforementioned materials. Such other materials may include, but are not limited to, one or more of a composite material such as Aramid fibre, or carbon fibre reinforced resin material.
- a second aspect of the present invention provides a hydrofoil system for a waterborne vessel, the hydrofoil system comprising a controller; a foil for engagement with the waterborne vessel, the foil comprising a plurality of adjustment members operable to vary the lift characteristics of the waterborne vessel; a propeller mounted on the foil; and a gearbox system according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein the propeller is mechanically engaged with the propeller shaft engagement portion and the gearbox system is in mechanical communication with the propeller.
- the hydrofoil system further comprises a plurality of sensors in electrical communication with the controller, each sensor configured to monitor flight parameters of the waterborne vessel and generate measured flight parameter data, wherein the controller is in communication with the adjustment members, the engine and the sensors and wherein the controller is configured to receive measured flight parameter data from the sensors and to control the operation of the engine and the position of the adjustment members in dependence upon the received measured flight parameter data.
- each of the adjustment members is operable to vary one or more of pitch, roll, heave, and yaw of the waterborne vessel.
- each adjustment member comprises a flap and an actuator, wherein the flap is moveable relative to the foil on activation of the actuator by the controller.
- the adjustment member further comprises a hydrodynamic fairing within which the flap is arranged.
- the actuators are integrated within the foil.
- the actuators may alternatively be integrated inside the vessel, depending on the respective sizes of the foil and vessel.
- each of the plurality of flaps is independently adjustable. This provides greater control over the position of the vessel within the water.
- the plurality of flaps comprises at least one set of two aligned flaps. However, additional flaps may be provided within each set of flaps if required.
- the propeller is located adjacent to the gearbox, and distal to the engine.
- the propeller is located adjacent to the gearbox, and distal to the engine, via a short propeller shaft, in order to minimise efficiency loss.
- each foil of the present invention is composed of two lifting surfaces: the elevator (horizontal part) which provides vertical lift; and a shaft, whose main purpose is to carry the elevator and also provide side force in turns and manoeuvres.
- the measured flight parameter data may comprise any one or more selected from the group comprising acceleration data, vessel position data (pitch, heave, yaw, roll), actuator positional data, external environmental factors (e.g. wind, wave-height) and any other useful data relating to the movement of the vessel through the water, and the environment the vessel is moving in.
- the controller is located within the hull of the waterborne vessel and the foil is located beneath the floating waterline on the hull exterior of the waterborne vessel.
- the hydrofoil system further comprises a battery system in electrical communication with the engine and optionally the actuator, wherein the battery system is operable to provide power to the engine and optionally the actuator.
- the adjustment member may be actuated using hydraulic power.
- a battery system may comprise a Power Electronics Control Unit (PECU).
- a third aspect of the present invention provides a waterborne vessel including a hydrofoil system according to a second aspect of the present invention. It is to be appreciated that the hydrofoil system according to the second aspect of the present invention may be provided integrally as part of a new vessel during manufacture, or may be provided for retrofit to an existing vessel. In both cases, the vessels will then have all the advantages provided by the hydrofoil system. Such advantages include:
- the hydrofoil system of the present invention provides a high efficiency and low consumption propulsion system for high speed marine travel whilst providing autonomous control of a fully submerged actively controlled foiling waterborne vessel.
- FIG. 1 shows a waterborne vessel in the form of a monohulled vessel 10 provided with an embodiment of a hydrofoil system in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the hydrofoil system comprises a controller 12 located within the hull 14 of vessel 10.
- a battery system 16 is located adjacent controller 10, and in electrical communication with controller 10.
- battery system 16 comprises a Power Electronics Control Unit (PECU).
- PECU Power Electronics Control Unit
- a foil 18 is located on the outer surface of the foil hull below the floating waterline.
- Foil 18 comprises a plurality of adjustment members 19 operable to vary the lift characteristics of the vessel 10 during travel.
- Each adjustment member comprises a flap 20 and associated actuator 22.
- Actuators 22 can be either electric or hydraulic and may be integrated within foil 18 (as shown in figure 1 ) or may be located within the vessel 10 itself depending on the vessel size and associated foil size. Actuators 22 operate to control the position of associated flaps 20 to control the ship in heave i.e. ride height 24 relative to the floating water line 26), pitch, roll and thrust.
- Ride height 24 is shown in figure 1 and is based on the distance between the water surface (floating water line 26) and the foiling water line 28.
- Foiling water line refers to where the water free surface sits, relative to the foils/hull, while airborne. When the boat is floating, the water line is defined by how much the hull needs to sink to obtain the volume of displacement (under Archimedean hydrostatic force). When foiling, the foiling water line is the optimum between minimum foil immersion (the vertical part "shaft") to reduce drag without having the elevator 52 ventilating because of the free surface proximity.
- the adjustment member 13 further comprises a hydrodynamic fairing 21 within which the flap 20 is arranged.
- each foil comprises four flaps 20, each flap 20 is independently operable by an associated actuator 22.
- Foil 18 is connected to the hull 14 of vessel 10 by means of a vertical shaft 30.
- a propeller 32 is mounted on foil 18 for driving the vessel 10 through the water during travel.
- the propeller 32 and foil 18 are shown in more detail in figures 2 to 7 .
- foil 18 comprises a body 34 defining an elongate channel 36.
- Elongate channel 36 has a first open end 38 and a second end 40 opposing the first end 38, first and second ends 38, 40 being in fluid communication with one another.
- Propeller 32 is mounted on the foil at the second end 40 of channel 36.
- An engine 42 and aligned gearbox 44 are mounted within elongate channel 36 and mechanically coupled to propeller drive shaft 46. At a first end, electrical harness 50 is electrically coupled to engine 42.
- Engine 42 is an MGU.
- engine 42 is electrically coupled to battery system 16 and controller 10 via electrical harness 50 that extends through vertical shaft 30, such that, in use, electrical harness 50 transfers energy from the battery system 16 to engine 42 which drives propeller drive shaft 46 via gearbox 44 to rotate propeller 32.
- the engine 42 acts as a generator, deploying energy from the battery system 16 to drive gearbox 44.
- Electrical harness 50 is a flexible electrical connection, rather than a conventional mechanical linkage.
- the presence of a flexible electrical harness 50 extending vertically through foil 18, rather than a mechanical linkage, allows for more streamlined containment of the connection within the foil, thus permitting an improved foil profile with increased hydrodynamic efficiency.
- Fluid inlets 42 are provided radially around body 34 such that channel 36 is in fluid communication with the exterior of foil 18 i.e. exterior water may flow through fluid inlets 42 into channel 44.
- water flows through fluid inlets 42 into channel 36 and flows past engine 42 and gearbox 44 in a direction towards the second end 40 of channel 36. Further, water will be drawn in through open first end 38 of channel 36 and also flow past engine 42 and gearbox 44 towards second end 40.
- the flow of exterior water into channel 36 and around engine 42 and gearbox 44 serves to cool the engine and gearbox during use, preventing overheating and allowing operation of the engine and gearbox at higher speeds than possible in the absence of a cooling system.
- fluid inlets 48 are shown as slots or gills
- any suitable shape of fluid inlet known to the skilled person and suitable for the circulation of water from the exterior of foil 18 into channel 36 and around engine 42 and gearbox 44 may be used in addition to, or as an alternative to, the slots or gills shown in figures 6 and 7 .
- the number and location of fluid inlets 42 may be varied from that shown in the figures provided a sufficient volume of fluid flow past engine 42 and gearbox 44 is possible to provide the required cooling to be achieved during travel of vessel 10.
- foil 18 comprises a housing 60 defining a receiving space in which engine 42 and gearbox 44 are received.
- Housing 60 provides a watertight housing for engine 44.
- Engine 42 and gearbox 44 are located adjacent one another within housing 60housing 60 and are connected via shaft 66 that transmits the torque and rotation from engine 42 to the gearbox 44.
- the outer surfaces of both engine 42 and gearbox 44 are located adjacent the interior surface of housing 60 such that heat generated during use is absorbed from engine 42 and gearbox 44 by housing 60 and subsequently dissipated into the surrounding water, thus providing an efficient cooling system that avoids the need for mechanical or forced flow of fluid past the engine 42 and/or gearbox 44 within housing 60.
- Propeller 32 is connected to gearbox 44 distal to engine 42 and is engaged with gearbox 44 via propeller shaft 33.
- Propeller 32 connects to propeller shaft 33 by means of a conical arrangement with a key 35 in a conventional manner.
- Propeller shaft 33 enters the gearbox 44 through bearings and connects with the gearbox toothed wheels (not shown).
- Propeller shaft 33 enters housing 60 through seals that maintain the water-tight integrity of housing 60.
- housing 60 connects to foil 18 at interface 62.
- Housing 60 is bolted to a flange on the foil (not shown).
- Interface 62 is sealed and channels are provided for the electrical harnesses 63 of power train assembly 64 to exit the housing 60 and extend vertically along vertical shaft 30 of foil 18, to provide an electrical connection between the engine 42 and gearbox 42 and the controller located in the hull 14 of vessel 10. Seals are provided at the point of exit of the electrical harnesses 64 from housing 60 to maintain the water-tight integrity of the housing 60.
- gearbox 42 is an epicyclic gearbox and engine 44 is a motor generator unit (MGU).
- MGU motor generator unit
- the vessel 10 is further provided with a plurality of sensors (not shown) in electrical communication with controller 12, each sensor configured to monitor one or more flight parameters of vessel 10 and generate measured flight parameter data based on the monitored flight parameter.
- This measured flight parameter data is then provided to controller 10 which uses the measured flight parameter data to determine what adjustments are required to the engine and adjustment members 13 to optimise the vessel 10 travel through the water.
- Adjustment member 13 is shown in figures 2 and 3 with its hydrodynamic fairing.
- Controller 10 then communicates engine 42 to control the operation of propeller 32.
- Controller 12 also communicates with actuators 22 to control the position of the adjustment members 13 in dependence upon the measured flight parameter data. This has the effect of influencing the speed of the vessel through the water and/or the position of vessel 10 within the water i.e. the heave, pitch, roll and/or thrust of vessel 10 within the water.
- the sensors may provide measured flight parameter data to the controller on a continuous basis or on demand from the controller or in a predetermined programmed manner. Obviously, continuously provided data will produce continuous feedback from controller 12 to influence the operation of the engine and the position of the vessel 10 within the water, providing continuously optimised travel of the vessel 10 through the water.
- the sensors may be located in multiple positions embedded in the hull and foils, and measure various flight parameters of vessel 10 including, but not limited to monitoring/measuring acceleration, position (pitch, heave, yaw, roll), ride-height data, actuator positional data, and any other useful parameter relating to the movement of the vessel through the water.
- FIG. 9A shows the arrangement where the housing 60 is mounted on foil 18, whilst figures 9B to 9D show variations on how this can be achieved.
- Figure 9B shows an arrangement wherein housing 60 is provided as part of the gearbox 42, and during assembly, engine 44 is slotted into gearbox housing 60, and housing 60 subsequently made water-tight in a conventional manner.
- housing 60 is provided as part of the engine 44 and, during assembly, gearbox 42 is slotted into engine housing 60, and housing 60 subsequently made water-tight in a convention manner.
- Figure 9D shows an arrangement wherein housing 60 is distinct from both engine 42 and gearbox 44.
- Engine 42 and gearbox 44 are slotted into housing 60 towards one another from opposing ends of housing 60.
- engine 42 and gearbox 44 may be sequentially slotted into housing 60 from the same end.
- Housing 60 is subsequently made water-tight in a conventional manner to contain both engine 42 and gearbox 44 therewithin.
- Figure 10A shows an arrangement where housing 60 is provided by a portion of foil 18.
- Engine 42 is slotted into housing 60, followed by gearbox 44 before housing 60 is made water-tight in a convention manner to retain both engine 42 and gearbox 44 within foil 18.
- housing 60 may be provided as a channel through foil 18.
- Engine 42 and gearbox 44 are slotted into housing 60 towards one another from opposing ends of housing 60.
- Housing 60 is subsequently made water-tight in a conventional manner to contain both engine 42 and gearbox 44 within foil 18.
- figure 11 shows an arrangement wherein housing 60 is spatially separated from foil 18. It is to be appreciated that the assembly of housing arrangement may be as described for figures 9B to 9D .
- FIG. 1 shows a vessel 10 with two foils 18, one of which is hydrofoil system in accordance with the present invention and the other is a foil without the propulsion system of the present invention. It is to be appreciated that a vessel will comprise a minimum of two foils (one towards the front and one towards the rear of the vessel), one or both of which may include the propulsion features of the present invention. Where multiple foils 18 are provided, the actuators 22 for each flap 20 of each foil 18 are independently controlled by a single controller 12.
- a vessel could be equipped with one hydrofoil system in accordance with the present invention and one non-propulsion foil unit. However, if the weight of the vessel requires more thrust to move around then the vessel could be equipped with two foils provided with propulsion.
- the hydrofoil system of the present invention therefore allows human-free flight control. As each foil 18 is always tuned and set for optimum performance i.e. low drag, significantly reduced drag through the water is ensured. This provides the technical advantage of either a greater autonomy range or an increase cruise speed for a given battery capacity.
- the engine cooling used by the hydrofoil system of the present invention negates the requirement for a separate mechanical cooling system, thereby reducing the complexity and weight of the system, which contributes to efficiency and increasing battery life.
- hydrofoil system of the present invention may be provided as an integral part of a newly built vessel 10 or may be retrofitted to existing vessels 10 to achieve optimal performance.
- hydrofoil system of the present invention provides optimal performance with increase ride comfort for passengers as less of the hull 14 of vessel 10 is exposed to the surrounding water conditions, thereby ensuring a smoother ride.
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- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a gearbox arrangement for use with hydrofoil systems employed on yachts, sailboats, ships, and other waterborne vessels. In particular, the present invention relates to such a gearbox with heat transfer cooling system.
- A sailing hydrofoil is a wing-like structure mounted under the hull of a boat, such as a yacht, that provides a speed advantage over more traditional boat designs. The sailing hydrofoil works with its wing-like appendage. Just like a wing on an aircraft provides lift, a hydrofoil in the water accomplishes the same thing. The main difference is that a hydrofoil does not need to be as large as an airplane wing, because the water is much denser than air. As the boat increases its speed the hydrofoils lifts most of the hull, or even the entire hull, up and out of the water, greatly reducing the wetted area, resulting in decreased drag and increased speed as the craft cuts through the water.
- Most types of boats can accommodate hydrofoils, and sailboats are no different. A sailing hydrofoil could be a single hull, often referred to as a mono hull, a catamaran (which has two hulls), or a trimaran (which has three hulls). In the case of multiple hulls, the hulls are held together by a single upper deck. The wider and longer the ship, the more stable the sailing hydrofoil is.
- Conventional hydrofoils are used in either a passive way i.e. there is no active control on their geometry, or in an active way i.e. using flaps to cause the craft to ascend or descend and to control the craft about its pitch, heave, and roll axes. However, all control is manual e.g. using a control system with a mechanical lever arm, and the flaps require human intervention, which inherently requires extensive experience by a user and exposes the craft control to human error. In the same way as for aircraft, there is an inherent trade-off between a requirement for faster and more accurate control and overall drag (a lower drag foil will come at the cost of inherent stability).
- Hydrofoil water vessels may be wind powered (e.g. yachts, sailing boats), or powered using an engine and gearbox mounted on the hull and mechanically engaged with a propeller system mounted adjacent the foil on the underside of the hull. There are obvious drawbacks to this arrangement including efficiency losses due to mechanical distance between the engine/gearbox and the propeller system.
- However, it is not practical for the engine to be located beneath the hull because of additional hydrodynamic drag due to mechanical linkage between engine, gearbox and propeller (propeller shaft, bearings). It also creates a challenge for the system integrity as the foils deform under hydrodynamic loading.
- There is therefore a need for an improved engine and gearbox arrangement that increases efficiency and reduces delay and energy loss via mechanical connections and results in a reduction in overall fuel/energy usage, while minimizing the packaging, to reduce hydrodynamic drag.
- The present invention seeks to address the problems of the prior art. Aspects of the present invention are set out in the attached claims.
- A first aspect of the present invention provides a gearbox system for a waterborne vessel with a hydrofoil, the gearbox system comprising:
- a housing having an interior surface defining an interior space of defined dimension;
- a gearing system comprising a propeller shaft engagement portion, the gearing system located within the interior of the housing; and
- an engine located within the interior space of the housing and in mechanical communication with the gear box;
wherein the housing is water-tight and wherein the gearing system and engine are in thermal contact with the interior surface of the housing. - In one embodiment, at least a portion of the housing is integral with the hydrofoil. Preferably, the whole of the housing is integral with the hydrofoil.
- By locating the gearing system and engine within a housing provided at least in part by the hydrofoil, the profile of the gearbox system is significantly reduced. This layout significantly reduces the wetted area of the drive train, therefore reducing hydrodynamic drag of the eFoil system, improving efficiency and autonomy.
- In an alternative embodiment, the gearbox system is mounted on the hydrofoil. This allows the gearbox system to be completely separated from the Foil, allowing for Drive train fast replacement in case of maintenance, therefore minimizing downtime for commercial vessels. In one embodiment, the gearing system and engine are a close fit within the interior space of the housing.
- The close fit allows the engine and gearbox to be in thermal contact with the gearbox casing such that heat generated by the engine and/or gearbox during use may be transferred by contact to the gearbox casing, which is subsequently cooled by the surrounding water in which it is submerged. No mechanical or forced water flow is required to cool the engine and gearbox.
- Preferably, the engine is located adjacent the gearbox. The gearbox casing forms part of the foil and locates the engine to the foil structure.
- The gearbox casing is thermally conductive in order to cool the engine and gearbox by heat transfer into the surrounding environmental water. Preferably, the gearbox casing comprises metal, and preferably coated or non-corrosive/corrosive resistant raw metal. However, it is to be appreciated that any suitable known to the skilled person and highly resistant to corrosion could be used as an alternative to, or in addition to, using metal for the gearbox casing.
- In a further embodiment, the gearbox housing further comprises a power train engagement portion. In use, the power train engagement portion engages with a power train connected to the controller on the hull of the vessel. This provides electrical communication between the controller and the engine and gearbox.
- Preferably, the power train engagement portion is located distal to the propeller shaft engagement portion. This prevents any fouling of the power train by the moving parts of the propeller.
- In a further embodiment, the gearing system is an epicyclic gearbox (also known as planetary gearbox). However, it is to be appreciated, that any other suitable reduction system known to the skilled person and suitable for function could be used in addition to, or as an alternative to, an epicyclic gearbox.
- In a further embodiment, the engine comprises a high-power density electrical engine, referred to as a Motor Generator Unit (MGU).
- Thus, the engine may comprise an MGU and the gearbox may include epicyclic reduction hardware, both being located within the watertight gearbox casing.
- The gearbox casing may comprise, but is not limited to, any one or more of the following materials, including stainless steel (all grades), titanium alloy, aluminium (aluminum). However, it is to be appreciated that any other suitable material known to the skilled person may be used to make up the gearbox casing. Preferably, an appropriate sea water coating is applied to the gearbox casing to render the gearbox more resistant to sea water erosion. It is to be appreciate that any other material known to the skilled person and suitable for function may be used in addition to, or as an alternative to, the aforementioned materials. Such other materials may include, but are not limited to, one or more of a composite material such as Aramid fibre, or carbon fibre reinforced resin material.
- A second aspect of the present invention provides a hydrofoil system for a waterborne vessel, the hydrofoil system comprising a controller; a foil for engagement with the waterborne vessel, the foil comprising a plurality of adjustment members operable to vary the lift characteristics of the waterborne vessel; a propeller mounted on the foil; and a gearbox system according to a first aspect of the present invention, wherein the propeller is mechanically engaged with the propeller shaft engagement portion and the gearbox system is in mechanical communication with the propeller.
- In one embodiment, the hydrofoil system further comprises a plurality of sensors in electrical communication with the controller, each sensor configured to monitor flight parameters of the waterborne vessel and generate measured flight parameter data, wherein the controller is in communication with the adjustment members, the engine and the sensors and wherein the controller is configured to receive measured flight parameter data from the sensors and to control the operation of the engine and the position of the adjustment members in dependence upon the received measured flight parameter data.
- In one embodiment, each of the adjustment members is operable to vary one or more of pitch, roll, heave, and yaw of the waterborne vessel.
- In one embodiment, each adjustment member comprises a flap and an actuator, wherein the flap is moveable relative to the foil on activation of the actuator by the controller. Preferably, the adjustment member further comprises a hydrodynamic fairing within which the flap is arranged.
- Preferably, the actuators are integrated within the foil. However, it is to be appreciated that the actuators may alternatively be integrated inside the vessel, depending on the respective sizes of the foil and vessel.
- In one embodiment, each of the plurality of flaps is independently adjustable. This provides greater control over the position of the vessel within the water.
- In a further embodiment, the plurality of flaps comprises at least one set of two aligned flaps. However, additional flaps may be provided within each set of flaps if required.
- Preferably, the propeller is located adjacent to the gearbox, and distal to the engine.
- Preferably, the propeller is located adjacent to the gearbox, and distal to the engine, via a short propeller shaft, in order to minimise efficiency loss.
- As with conventional foils, each foil of the present invention is composed of two lifting surfaces: the elevator (horizontal part) which provides vertical lift; and a shaft, whose main purpose is to carry the elevator and also provide side force in turns and manoeuvres.
- The measured flight parameter data may comprise any one or more selected from the group comprising acceleration data, vessel position data (pitch, heave, yaw, roll), actuator positional data, external environmental factors (e.g. wind, wave-height) and any other useful data relating to the movement of the vessel through the water, and the environment the vessel is moving in.
- Preferably, the controller is located within the hull of the waterborne vessel and the foil is located beneath the floating waterline on the hull exterior of the waterborne vessel.
- In a further embodiment, the hydrofoil system further comprises a battery system in electrical communication with the engine and optionally the actuator, wherein the battery system is operable to provide power to the engine and optionally the actuator. Alternatively, the adjustment member may be actuated using hydraulic power. Such a battery system may comprise a Power Electronics Control Unit (PECU).
- A third aspect of the present invention provides a waterborne vessel including a hydrofoil system according to a second aspect of the present invention. It is to be appreciated that the hydrofoil system according to the second aspect of the present invention may be provided integrally as part of a new vessel during manufacture, or may be provided for retrofit to an existing vessel. In both cases, the vessels will then have all the advantages provided by the hydrofoil system. Such advantages include:
- the reduced hydrodynamic drag provides increased autonomy (for a given amount of battery power)
- human-free optimised control of the vessel during travel, thereby avoiding human errors;
- controlled positioning of the vessel within the water e.g. ride height via adjustment of the flaps in response to real-time measured flight parameter data;
- no mechanical engine cooling system is required as heat from the engine and gearbox is transmitted to the gearbox casing and subsequently into the surrounding water;
- No fossil fuel usage is required during travel of the vessel and all power is provided in a carefully controlled manner from the battery system in dependence upon the needs of the vessel to optimise the ride;
- Increased ride comfort for passengers as the position of the vessel within the water is carefully controlled and the optimised ride height reduces the amount of hull exposed to the water conditions; and
- Vessel wash significantly reduced.
- Thus, the hydrofoil system of the present invention provides a high efficiency and low consumption propulsion system for high speed marine travel whilst providing autonomous control of a fully submerged actively controlled foiling waterborne vessel.
-
-
Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the hydrofoil system in accordance with a first aspect of the present invention integrated into a mono-hull vessel; -
Figure 2 is a front view of a foil and propeller of the hydrofoil system offigure 1 ; -
Figure 3 is a side view of the foil and propeller offigure 2 ; -
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the foil and propeller offigure 2 ; -
Figure 5 is a view from above of the foil and propeller offigure 2 ; -
Figure 6 is an X-Y cross-section through the foil and propeller offigure 2 showing a first example of a gearbox and engine arrangement with water flow cooling between the gearbox and engine arrangement and the interior surface of the foil body; -
Figure 7 is a Z-X cross-section through the foil and propeller offigure 2 showing the gearbox and engine arrangement offigure 6 ; -
Figure 8 is an X-Y cross-section through the foil and propeller offigure 2 showing a second example of a gearbox and engine arrangement with heat-transfer cooling via the gearbox casing; -
Figures 9A to 9D are cross-sectional views showing variants of the gearbox and engine arrangement offigure 8 where the housing is mounted on the foil; -
Figures 10A and 10B are cross-sectional views showing further variants of the gearbox and engine arrangement offigure 8 where the housing is provided by a portion of the foil; and -
Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a further variant of the gearbox and engine arrangement where the housing is separate from the foil. -
Figure 1 shows a waterborne vessel in the form of amonohulled vessel 10 provided with an embodiment of a hydrofoil system in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. The hydrofoil system comprises acontroller 12 located within thehull 14 ofvessel 10. - A
battery system 16 is locatedadjacent controller 10, and in electrical communication withcontroller 10. In the embodiment offigure 1 ,battery system 16 comprises a Power Electronics Control Unit (PECU). - A
foil 18 is located on the outer surface of the foil hull below the floating waterline.Foil 18 comprises a plurality of adjustment members 19 operable to vary the lift characteristics of thevessel 10 during travel. Each adjustment member comprises aflap 20 and associated actuator 22. Actuators 22 can be either electric or hydraulic and may be integrated within foil 18 (as shown infigure 1 ) or may be located within thevessel 10 itself depending on the vessel size and associated foil size. Actuators 22 operate to control the position of associatedflaps 20 to control the ship in heave i.e.ride height 24 relative to the floating water line 26), pitch, roll and thrust.Ride height 24 is shown infigure 1 and is based on the distance between the water surface (floating water line 26) and the foilingwater line 28. Foiling water line refers to where the water free surface sits, relative to the foils/hull, while airborne. When the boat is floating, the water line is defined by how much the hull needs to sink to obtain the volume of displacement (under Archimedean hydrostatic force). When foiling, the foiling water line is the optimum between minimum foil immersion (the vertical part "shaft") to reduce drag without having the elevator 52 ventilating because of the free surface proximity. - In the embodiment of
figure 2 , theadjustment member 13 further comprises a hydrodynamic fairing 21 within which theflap 20 is arranged. - In
figures 2 to 5 , each foil comprises fourflaps 20, eachflap 20 is independently operable by an associated actuator 22. -
Foil 18 is connected to thehull 14 ofvessel 10 by means of avertical shaft 30. - A
propeller 32 is mounted onfoil 18 for driving thevessel 10 through the water during travel. Thepropeller 32 andfoil 18 are shown in more detail infigures 2 to 7 . - In a first embodiment shown in
figures 6 and7 , foil 18 comprises abody 34 defining anelongate channel 36.Elongate channel 36 has a firstopen end 38 and asecond end 40 opposing thefirst end 38, first and second ends 38, 40 being in fluid communication with one another.Propeller 32 is mounted on the foil at thesecond end 40 ofchannel 36. - An
engine 42 and alignedgearbox 44 are mounted withinelongate channel 36 and mechanically coupled to propeller driveshaft 46. At a first end,electrical harness 50 is electrically coupled toengine 42.Engine 42 is an MGU. - At a second opposing end,
engine 42 is electrically coupled tobattery system 16 andcontroller 10 viaelectrical harness 50 that extends throughvertical shaft 30, such that, in use,electrical harness 50 transfers energy from thebattery system 16 toengine 42 which drivespropeller drive shaft 46 viagearbox 44 to rotatepropeller 32. Theengine 42 acts as a generator, deploying energy from thebattery system 16 to drivegearbox 44. -
Electrical harness 50 is a flexible electrical connection, rather than a conventional mechanical linkage. The presence of a flexibleelectrical harness 50 extending vertically throughfoil 18, rather than a mechanical linkage, allows for more streamlined containment of the connection within the foil, thus permitting an improved foil profile with increased hydrodynamic efficiency. -
Fluid inlets 42 are provided radially aroundbody 34 such thatchannel 36 is in fluid communication with the exterior offoil 18 i.e. exterior water may flow throughfluid inlets 42 intochannel 44. Thus, whenvessel 10 is travelling through the water, water flows throughfluid inlets 42 intochannel 36 and flowspast engine 42 andgearbox 44 in a direction towards thesecond end 40 ofchannel 36. Further, water will be drawn in through openfirst end 38 ofchannel 36 and also flowpast engine 42 andgearbox 44 towardssecond end 40. The flow of exterior water intochannel 36 and aroundengine 42 andgearbox 44 serves to cool the engine and gearbox during use, preventing overheating and allowing operation of the engine and gearbox at higher speeds than possible in the absence of a cooling system. - In the figures,
fluid inlets 48 are shown as slots or gills However, it is to be appreciated that any suitable shape of fluid inlet known to the skilled person and suitable for the circulation of water from the exterior offoil 18 intochannel 36 and aroundengine 42 andgearbox 44 may be used in addition to, or as an alternative to, the slots or gills shown infigures 6 and7 . Further, the number and location offluid inlets 42 may be varied from that shown in the figures provided a sufficient volume of fluid flow pastengine 42 andgearbox 44 is possible to provide the required cooling to be achieved during travel ofvessel 10. - In a second embodiment, shown in
figure 8 , foil 18 comprises ahousing 60 defining a receiving space in whichengine 42 andgearbox 44 are received.Housing 60 provides a watertight housing forengine 44.Engine 42 andgearbox 44 are located adjacent one another withinhousing 60housing 60 and are connected viashaft 66 that transmits the torque and rotation fromengine 42 to thegearbox 44. The outer surfaces of bothengine 42 andgearbox 44 are located adjacent the interior surface ofhousing 60 such that heat generated during use is absorbed fromengine 42 andgearbox 44 byhousing 60 and subsequently dissipated into the surrounding water, thus providing an efficient cooling system that avoids the need for mechanical or forced flow of fluid past theengine 42 and/orgearbox 44 withinhousing 60. -
Propeller 32 is connected togearbox 44 distal toengine 42 and is engaged withgearbox 44 viapropeller shaft 33.Propeller 32 connects topropeller shaft 33 by means of a conical arrangement with a key 35 in a conventional manner.Propeller shaft 33 enters thegearbox 44 through bearings and connects with the gearbox toothed wheels (not shown). -
Propeller shaft 33 entershousing 60 through seals that maintain the water-tight integrity ofhousing 60. - At the opposing side of
housing 60,housing 60 connects to foil 18 atinterface 62.Housing 60 is bolted to a flange on the foil (not shown).Interface 62 is sealed and channels are provided for theelectrical harnesses 63 of power train assembly 64 to exit thehousing 60 and extend vertically alongvertical shaft 30 offoil 18, to provide an electrical connection between theengine 42 andgearbox 42 and the controller located in thehull 14 ofvessel 10. Seals are provided at the point of exit of the electrical harnesses 64 fromhousing 60 to maintain the water-tight integrity of thehousing 60. - In the embodiment shown in
figure 8 ,gearbox 42 is an epicyclic gearbox andengine 44 is a motor generator unit (MGU). However, it is to be appreciated that this is just one embodiment and a skilled person may use an alternative gearbox and engine to achieve the same arrangement withingearbox housing 60. - In the hydrofoil system of the present invention, the
vessel 10 is further provided with a plurality of sensors (not shown) in electrical communication withcontroller 12, each sensor configured to monitor one or more flight parameters ofvessel 10 and generate measured flight parameter data based on the monitored flight parameter. This measured flight parameter data is then provided tocontroller 10 which uses the measured flight parameter data to determine what adjustments are required to the engine andadjustment members 13 to optimise thevessel 10 travel through the water.Adjustment member 13 is shown infigures 2 and 3 with its hydrodynamic fairing.Controller 10 then communicatesengine 42 to control the operation ofpropeller 32.Controller 12 also communicates with actuators 22 to control the position of theadjustment members 13 in dependence upon the measured flight parameter data. This has the effect of influencing the speed of the vessel through the water and/or the position ofvessel 10 within the water i.e. the heave, pitch, roll and/or thrust ofvessel 10 within the water. - The sensors may provide measured flight parameter data to the controller on a continuous basis or on demand from the controller or in a predetermined programmed manner. Obviously, continuously provided data will produce continuous feedback from
controller 12 to influence the operation of the engine and the position of thevessel 10 within the water, providing continuously optimised travel of thevessel 10 through the water. - The sensors may be located in multiple positions embedded in the hull and foils, and measure various flight parameters of
vessel 10 including, but not limited to monitoring/measuring acceleration, position (pitch, heave, yaw, roll), ride-height data, actuator positional data, and any other useful parameter relating to the movement of the vessel through the water. -
Figure 9A shows the arrangement where thehousing 60 is mounted onfoil 18, whilstfigures 9B to 9D show variations on how this can be achieved. -
Figure 9B shows an arrangement whereinhousing 60 is provided as part of thegearbox 42, and during assembly,engine 44 is slotted intogearbox housing 60, andhousing 60 subsequently made water-tight in a conventional manner. - In
figure 9C ,housing 60 is provided as part of theengine 44 and, during assembly,gearbox 42 is slotted intoengine housing 60, andhousing 60 subsequently made water-tight in a convention manner. -
Figure 9D shows an arrangement whereinhousing 60 is distinct from bothengine 42 andgearbox 44.Engine 42 andgearbox 44 are slotted intohousing 60 towards one another from opposing ends ofhousing 60. Alternatively,engine 42 andgearbox 44 may be sequentially slotted intohousing 60 from the same end.Housing 60 is subsequently made water-tight in a conventional manner to contain bothengine 42 andgearbox 44 therewithin. -
Figure 10A shows an arrangement wherehousing 60 is provided by a portion offoil 18.Engine 42 is slotted intohousing 60, followed bygearbox 44 beforehousing 60 is made water-tight in a convention manner to retain bothengine 42 andgearbox 44 withinfoil 18. - Alternatively, and as shown in
figure 10B ,housing 60 may be provided as a channel throughfoil 18.Engine 42 andgearbox 44 are slotted intohousing 60 towards one another from opposing ends ofhousing 60.Housing 60 is subsequently made water-tight in a conventional manner to contain bothengine 42 andgearbox 44 withinfoil 18. - Finally,
figure 11 shows an arrangement whereinhousing 60 is spatially separated fromfoil 18. It is to be appreciated that the assembly of housing arrangement may be as described forfigures 9B to 9D . -
Figure 1 shows avessel 10 with twofoils 18, one of which is hydrofoil system in accordance with the present invention and the other is a foil without the propulsion system of the present invention. It is to be appreciated that a vessel will comprise a minimum of two foils (one towards the front and one towards the rear of the vessel), one or both of which may include the propulsion features of the present invention. Where multiple foils 18 are provided, the actuators 22 for eachflap 20 of eachfoil 18 are independently controlled by asingle controller 12. - A vessel could be equipped with one hydrofoil system in accordance with the present invention and one non-propulsion foil unit. However, if the weight of the vessel requires more thrust to move around then the vessel could be equipped with two foils provided with propulsion.
- The hydrofoil system of the present invention therefore allows human-free flight control. As each
foil 18 is always tuned and set for optimum performance i.e. low drag, significantly reduced drag through the water is ensured. This provides the technical advantage of either a greater autonomy range or an increase cruise speed for a given battery capacity. - The engine cooling used by the hydrofoil system of the present invention, whether water-flow cooling or heat-transfer cooling, negates the requirement for a separate mechanical cooling system, thereby reducing the complexity and weight of the system, which contributes to efficiency and increasing battery life.
- It is to be appreciated that the hydrofoil system of the present invention may be provided as an integral part of a newly built
vessel 10 or may be retrofitted to existingvessels 10 to achieve optimal performance. - Finally, use of the hydrofoil system of the present invention provides optimal performance with increase ride comfort for passengers as less of the
hull 14 ofvessel 10 is exposed to the surrounding water conditions, thereby ensuring a smoother ride.
Claims (15)
- A gearbox system for a waterborne vessel with a hydrofoil, the gearbox system comprising:a housing having an interior surface defining an interior space of defined dimension;a gearing system comprising a propeller shaft engagement portion, the gearing system located within the interior of the housing; andan engine located within the interior space of the housing and in mechanical communication with the gear box;
wherein the housing is water-tight and wherein the gearing system and engine are in thermal contact with the interior surface of the housing. - A gearbox system as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the housing is integral with the hydrofoil.
- A gearbox as claimed in claim 1, wherein the housing is mounted on the hydrofoil.
- A gearbox system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the gearing system and engine are a close fit within the interior space of the housing.
- A gearbox system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the housing further comprises a power train engagement portion.
- A gearbox system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the power train engagement portion is located distal to the propeller shaft engagement portion.
- A gearbox system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the gearing system is an epicyclic gearbox.
- A gearbox system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the engine is a MGU (Motor Generator Unit).
- A hydrofoil system for a waterborne vessel, the hydrofoil system comprising:- a controller;- a foil for engagement with the waterborne vessel, the foil comprising a plurality of adjustment members operable to vary the lift characteristics of the waterborne vessel;- a propeller mounted on the foil; and- a gearbox system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the propeller is mechanically engaged with the propeller shaft engagement portion and the gearbox system is in mechanical communication with the propeller.
- A hydrofoil system as claimed in claim 9, the hydrofoil system further comprising:- a plurality of sensors in electrical communication with the controller, each sensor configured to monitor flight parameters of the waterborne vessel and generate measured flight parameter data,- wherein the controller is in communication with the adjustment members, the engine and the sensors and wherein the controller is configured to receive measured flight parameter data from the sensors and to control the operation of the engine and the position of the adjustment members in dependence upon the received measured flight parameter data.
- A hydrofoil system as claimed in claim 9 or claim 10, wherein each of the adjustment members is operable to vary one or more of pitch, roll, heave, and yaw of the waterborne vessel.
- A hydrofoil system as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein each adjustment member comprises a flap and an actuator, wherein the flap is moveable relative to the foil on activation of the actuator by the controller.
- A hydrofoil system as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the measured flight parameter data comprises one or more selected from the group comprising acceleration data, vessel position data (pitch, heave, yaw, roll), actuator positional data, external environmental factors, and the environment the vessel is moving in.
- A hydrofoil system as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 13, further comprising a battery system in electrical communication with the engine and optionally the actuator, wherein the battery system is operable to provide power to the engine and optionally the actuator.
- A waterborne vessel including a hydrofoil system as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 14.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP20207223.7A EP4001084A1 (en) | 2020-11-12 | 2020-11-12 | Gear box arrangement |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP20207223.7A EP4001084A1 (en) | 2020-11-12 | 2020-11-12 | Gear box arrangement |
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EP4001084A1 true EP4001084A1 (en) | 2022-05-25 |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4092946A (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1978-06-06 | Kappas Chris S | Electric trolling motor having planetary gear reduction |
US20180072383A1 (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-15 | Kai Concepts, LLC | Watercraft device with hydrofoil and electric propeller system |
US20180370600A1 (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2018-12-27 | Ellergon Antriebstechnik Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Electrically driven hydrofoil |
US20200189691A1 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2020-06-18 | Fliteboard Pty Ltd | Powered hydrofoil system |
-
2020
- 2020-11-12 EP EP20207223.7A patent/EP4001084A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4092946A (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1978-06-06 | Kappas Chris S | Electric trolling motor having planetary gear reduction |
US20180072383A1 (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-15 | Kai Concepts, LLC | Watercraft device with hydrofoil and electric propeller system |
US20180370600A1 (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2018-12-27 | Ellergon Antriebstechnik Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Electrically driven hydrofoil |
US20200189691A1 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2020-06-18 | Fliteboard Pty Ltd | Powered hydrofoil system |
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