EP3998859A1 - In der behandlung von varroatose nützliche zusammensetzung - Google Patents

In der behandlung von varroatose nützliche zusammensetzung

Info

Publication number
EP3998859A1
EP3998859A1 EP20740331.2A EP20740331A EP3998859A1 EP 3998859 A1 EP3998859 A1 EP 3998859A1 EP 20740331 A EP20740331 A EP 20740331A EP 3998859 A1 EP3998859 A1 EP 3998859A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition
oil
weight
plant
composition according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20740331.2A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Luciano Melis
Agostino PELOSO
Nicola Betti
Samanta BELLEI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nurares Srl
Original Assignee
Nurares Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nurares Srl filed Critical Nurares Srl
Publication of EP3998859A1 publication Critical patent/EP3998859A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition
  • a composition comprising at least one plant of the Asteraceae family, at least one plant of the Lamiaceae family, at least one plant of the Anacardiaceae family and at least one plant of the Cistaceae family, in particular for use as a medicament, more particularly in the treatment of varroatosis, a medical surgical device comprising said composition and a diagnostic kit comprising said composition.
  • Varroa destructor is an external parasite mite native to South East Asia, which attaches itself to the body of the bees Apis Mellifera and Apis Cerana sucking their hemolymph and weakening their immune defences, due to its action as a carrier of viral agents. During this process, it causes malformations, alterations of the behaviour and reduced life expectancy of the bees with consequent weakening and collapse of the families with a death rate even higher than 90%.
  • Varroatosis is the disease with the greatest impact on beekeeping, since the reproduction of the mite is continuous, being the brood of the bees available throughout the year and its life cycle closely connected to that of the bees themselves, and through a pungent sucking buccal apparatus it acts as an ectoparasite for the entire life both on the body of adult bees and in the brood of which it is its forced habitat.
  • Varroatosis is widespread across the earth except for Australia and some islands and territories, so the control of the hive infestation by this parasite, which is present in 95% of cases, is essential for their survival and productivity.
  • the most critical period for bee health with respect to varroa is in late summer when the family is physiologically declining after reaching its maximum expansion in early summer, while the population continues to double in about 20 days.
  • the female fertile mite enters the pupa cell just before it is operculated (closed), preferring the female (worker) to the male one (drone) because the incubation lasts a few days more and upon the birth of the worker or of the drone it emerges quadrupled or more, with a greater exponential growth in the presence of brood and decline instead with little or no presence of the brood.
  • the life of the parasite is characterized by two very distinct phases: the phoretic phase, during which the adult female lives on adult bees, and the reproductive phase, during which the mite reproduces inside cells that have been operculated feeding on larvae and pupae.
  • the female mite In environments with a cold winter season, the female mite winters on the body of the worker bees, in the spring, when the activity of oviposition by the queen resumes, the mite also begins to reproduce. Shortly before the opercolation of the brood cells, when the larvae are 6-7 days if female or 7-10 days if male, the varroe enter the cells and feed on the developing bee's body.
  • Mating takes place inside the cells before hatching, then the mite leaves the cell exiting it while clinging to the body of the hatching bee.
  • the varroa remains clinging to the bee's integument with its legs and feeds on its hemolymph before settling again in a brood cell where it will lay new eggs.
  • the sucking of the hemolymph causes lacerations in which pathogens can penetrate causing clinical effects to the bee as well as its abnormal development such that sometimes the bee is already deformed when it is born.
  • Varroe have up to 7 reproductive cycles so they die of old age.
  • varroa infestation The symptoms of varroa infestation are complex and varied and depend mainly on the action of the viral carrier and on the depression of immune defences of the colony which becomes subject to various infections of the brood and adult bees.
  • the disease is widespread in 100% of the hives (in Italy), the disease must not be diagnosed, but must be assessed with regards to the degree of infestation during the year.
  • thymol essential oils
  • Apiguard commercially authorised
  • Apilifevar in particular contains thymol in crystals, eucalyptus oil, racemic camphor, menthol.
  • Apiguard contains in particular thymol.
  • Apibioxal presents as a side effect the fact that the colony may become slightly agitated during the treatment, possible overdoses may disturb the subsequent development of families with a decrease in the adult population of the hives. In addition, operators also must take special precautions.
  • Oxuvar contains oxalic acid but is not effective on the Varroa mite which is inside the operculated cells.
  • the drip treatment might lead to a weakening of the brood in the spring and the drip and spray treatments might increase the mortality of the bees. In this case too, operators must take special precautions.
  • Formic acid is the only active ingredient capable of acting even under the operculum, causing mortality in varroe during the reproductive phase.
  • Maqs, Varterminator, Api for 60 which are very interesting tools for integrated pest control as "buffer treatment", summer use is however “problematic” in many environments due to the "serious damage” to families if "the maximum temperatures of use are exceeded.
  • Said products are effective from 90% to 95%.
  • the undesirable effects related to the use of formic acid are related to the fact that after one day of application formic acid might disturb the activity of the colony and cause the death of the queen or a slight increase in the mortality of adult bees, the toxic effects may cause larvae to die if exposed to concentrated vapours. Following the cuticle necrosis process that extends throughout the bees' body, it seems that these treatments are a risk factor for the onset of fungal diseases for the colony. So, in addition to the variable share of orphans (death of the queen) or death of part of the fresh brood, the treatment may cause the reduction of the development of the colonies and possible total death of the same with temperatures higher than 37.5°C during application. The use of precautions by the operator is also important in this case.
  • Apistan contains tau-fluvalinate, which is a pyrethroid.
  • Apivare and Apitraz contain Amitraz as an active ingredient.
  • Said products contain a pesticide belonging to the formamidine group, the distribution of which in the hive occurs by contact, since bees fly over the strips, the external cuticle is impregnated with the local pesticide treatment.
  • Amitraz degrades in honey but its metabolites remain as a residue which have demonstrated mutagenic (DNA), carcinogenic and teratogenic (foetal mutations) properties. Degradation is very rapid in wax but some minimal residue remains. Treatment in the spring too close to the crops may also cause excessive contamination of honey in the supers.
  • Amitraz has the potential to be able to influence the behaviour of bees: it anticipates the foraging activity, it can alter the communication with the dances of food sources, can cause acute toxicity with damage to the intestinal wall of the larvae, alteration of cardiac function, it also damages the antibacterial and antifungal defences of the cuticle.
  • Polyvar contains Flumethrin. Acaricides are NOT allowed in organic beekeeping.
  • the most common beekeeping technique is based on the fact that Varroa mites multiply inside the operculated brood cells and show a strong preference for drone brood over worker bee brood, consequently the two most used methods of biomechanical treatment are the removal of the drone brood and the brood block.
  • the removal of the brood is the beekeeping technique that is adopted when during the productive period the colonies show symptoms of a high Varroa infestation. Please note that this "emergency intervention" can be carried out up to a maximum of three times per year. Since the Varroa mite parasites the drone brood approximately 12 times more frequently than the worker bee brood, this method can reduce Varroa infestation by up to 80% in the spring, but normally does not replace a subsequent long-lasting acaricidal treatment.
  • drones are the beekeepers, of little practical use, they are the carriers of the genetic material of the next generation of young queens and workers and have the important function of preserving genetic diversity.
  • the honeycomb trap with drone cells Since the first entry of varroa into Italy, the honeycomb trap with drone cells has been very successful, then was optimised (by Campero TIT3), due to the excellent result it has in lowering, right at the beginning of their ascending phase of development, the number of varroe.
  • the shortcoming of this method of the honeycomb trap lies in the fact that the male brood is not always at the stage in which it is receptive towards the varroa. Unfortunately, this moment lasts only a few hours and, when the varroe are no longer attracted to the male brood, they take refuge en masse in the female one.
  • Brood blocking is a valid technique to combat varroa, especially if applied to hives that have a high infestation already during the course of the productive season. It is carried out together with the use of acaricides.
  • Another technique is that of dividing the hive into two parts, which also allows to obtain a new colony of bees.
  • a further possibility of pest control could come from the selection of tolerant colonies, that is families capable of surviving despite the infestation.
  • Cyromazine is an insecticide therefore, if it comes into contact with honey or wax, it can contaminate them in a relevant way, with the consequent unusability of the precious products (honey and wax).
  • said strip is not very effective as it does not allow a real control over the infestation and has very limited efficacy over time.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a process for obtaining a composition for the treatment of varroatosis which is free from the above mentioned drawbacks.
  • one of the subjects of the present invention is a composition comprising at least one plant of the Asteraceae family, at least one plant of the Lamiaceae family, at least one plant of the Anacardiaceae family and at least one plant of the Cistaceae family, wherein said composition comprises: 5-15% by weight of Inula viscosa, 10-20% by weight of Artemisia, 5-15% by weight of Mint, 2-15% by weight of Lentisk and 5-15% by weight of Cistus.
  • a further subject of the present invention is a composition as previously defined for use as a medicament, in particular in the treatment of varroatosis.
  • the composition can be used as a medicament for the treatment of varroatosis.
  • composition is stable, i.e. it has a high effectiveness which last during time.
  • it may further comprise an excipient such as a preservative, a flavouring agent, an oil.
  • the composition comprises also oil as a solvent for the extraction of phytocomplex from the plants. It may be selected among sunflower oil, linseed oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, peanut oil, Lentisk oil, mixed seed oil. These oils results to be harmless for bees and for humans and allows to obtain good properties of the composition.
  • the composition may comprise:
  • This composition achieves a very high effectiveness in treating the varroatosis.
  • the composition may be in fluid form, in particular a liquid such as a solution, a dispersion or a suspension or an ointment, a pomade, a paste, a gel.
  • a liquid such as a solution, a dispersion or a suspension or an ointment, a pomade, a paste, a gel.
  • the composition is obtained by means of an anaerobic digestion of the plants through solar radiation, achieving a still higher effectiveness.
  • “digestion” means a maturation or maceration process through with phytocomplex is extracted from the plants.
  • a medical surgical device comprising the composition as previously defined and a diagnostic kit comprising the composition as previously defined are also subjects of the present invention.
  • the invention relates to a process for obtaining a composition for the treatment of varroatosis comprising the following steps: a. inserting 5-15% by weight of Inula viscosa, 10-20% by weight of Artemisia, 5-15% by weight of Mint, 2-15% by weight of Lentisk, 5-15% by weight of Cistus and 20-73% by weight of sunflower oil in a transparent hermetic container; b. exposing the container to solar radiation for 25-30 days while agitating it 2- 5 times a day, in anaerobic conditions; c. filtering the composition.
  • a plant such as Inula Viscosa, a plant of the genus Artemisia such as Artemisia absinthium, Artemia glacialis or another plant of the genus Artemisia, Matricaria chamomilla, Calendula officinalis or Arnica Montana.
  • composition of the present invention comprises two plants of the Asteraceae family. In particular, it contains both Inula viscosa and a plant of the Artemisia genus.
  • composition of the present invention also contains at least one plant of the Lamiaceae family, in particular a plant of the Mint genus such as peppermint or pennyroyal.
  • composition of the present invention also contains at least one plant of the Anacardiaceae family, in particular the Lentisk.
  • the composition of the present invention also contains at least one plant of the Cistaceae family, in particular the Cistus salvifolius.
  • the composition comprises Inula viscosa, Artemisia, Mint, Lentisk, Cistus.
  • Each single plant has specific properties which combined with the properties of other plants obtain a synergic effect in eliminating the parasite and rendering the effectiveness of the composition stable during time.
  • the composition comprises 5-15% by weight of Inula viscosa, 10- 20% by weight of Artemisia, 5-15% by weight of Mint, 2-15% by weight of Lentisk, 5-15% by weight of Cistus.
  • the Applicant verified that with such a combination it is possible to achieve a composition with high effectiveness and high stability.
  • composition does need to be applied for a long time, i.e. when there is no brood a single application is sufficient to achieve a high effectiveness. In presence of brood three application (seven days apart) are enough to achieve a high effectiveness.
  • plant used in accordance with the present invention it is intended to use the part of the plant that contains a greater content in the active ingredient, i.e. the so-called “drug” (i.e. part of the plant with a greater content in the active ingredient).
  • drug i.e. part of the plant with a greater content in the active ingredient
  • Each plant has a different drug which may be its bark, stem, roots, seeds, flowers or leaves as it is well known for a skilled in the art. As a matter of facts, this last knows which the drug for each plant is.
  • the drug comprises flowers and leaves.
  • All the plants used in accordance with the present invention are part of the Mediterranean scrub and are preferably collected in Sardinia, as the phytocomplex of the plants collected in Sardinia have the best qualities and best efficacy.
  • plants collected in the area of the province of Varese in Lombardy can be used.
  • plants that have a similar phytocomplex may be used, even if collected in other European or non-European countries.
  • composition of the present invention may further comprise one or more excipients selected among preservatives, flavouring agents, oils. These excipients are added to the final composition to confer relevant properties.
  • composition of the present invention comprises also oil as a solvent.
  • oil is selected from the group comprising sunflower oil, linseed oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, peanut oil, Lentisk oil, mixed seed oil.
  • the oil is used for the extraction of the phytocomplex of the plants during the digestion phase. Therefore it is a starting ingredient of the composition.
  • the above mentioned oils do not give rise to toxicity or residuality problems.
  • composition of the present invention comprises sunflower oil, in particular in a percentage comprised between 20 and 73%, more preferably 60 and 70% by weight with respect to the total weight of the composition.
  • composition of the invention comprises:
  • Artemisia is Artemisia Absinthium; Mint is peppermint, more preferably Suaveolens Insularis; Lentisk is Pistacia Lentiscus and Cistus is Cistus lcanus L.
  • composition obtained using these very specific plants is more effective and long-lasting over time, i.e. the effectiveness thereof is not decreasing during time.
  • plants derives from organic cultivations, in order to be pesticides-free.
  • composition is preferably obtained by means of an anaerobic digestion, as will better explained later.
  • composition of the present invention is preferably in fluid form, in particular a liquid, an ointment, a pomade, a paste or a gel.
  • composition is a liquid composition such as a solution, a dispersion or a suspension.
  • composition of the present invention is particularly suitable for the treatment of varroatosis and may be applied according to the following protocol.
  • varroa infestation If the extent of varroa infestation is not known, it can be started with a medium dose, i.e. 60 ml of the composition of the present invention in a litre of water with the warning to shake the mix well before 100 gr per "hive/family" are vaporized.
  • the treatment of the acaricide, in the absence of brood, must be carried out only once, in the presence of brood 3 times, 7 days apart.
  • this and other anti- varroa treatments it is always necessary to check the anti -varroa bottom 4/5 days after the treatment. In this way, it is possible to have a direct feedback on the efficacy of the treatment and see how many mites have fallen and have settled on the bottom.
  • Some beekeepers even recommend applying a layer of Vaseline on the plate. In this way the ants would be prevented from taking away the fallen Varroa, thus invalidating the visual inspection.
  • nebulised administration method is also the one that gives the best results, but we do not exclude that in different climatic conditions and habitats, there are other equally effective and safe methods of administration, such as, for example, dripped, evaporated, in cardboard strips soaked in the slow release product or other.
  • composition of the present invention allows to eradicate the Varroa Mite in a very short time, keeping the characteristics of the honey bees and their products (wax, honey and other) unchanged and without adding any pollutant or contaminant, therefore it is to be considered completely innovative compared to compositions, devices or medical devices against the Varroa Mite of the prior art.
  • a composition for medical use, in particular for use in the treatment of varroatosis, is therefore the object of the present invention.
  • a medical surgical device containing the composition of the present invention and a diagnostic kit comprising the composition of the present invention is also the object of the present invention.
  • composition according to the present invention may be carried out by methods known to the person skilled in the art, typically by digestion, also called maturation or maceration.
  • Plants are collected, then, according to a step a), they are inserted (fresh or dried) in a transparent hermetic container, suitable for an anaerobic digestion, in the following quantities:
  • step b) the container is exposed to solar radiation for 25- 30 days, preferably 28. During this time the content is agitated for 10 minutes 2-5 times a day, preferably 3. The container is also rotated in order to allow a homogeneous digestion. The temperature of the container is under control in order to keep it at a temperature not lower than 25 Q C. In these conditions the anaerobic digestion takes place by means of sun exposure.
  • the oleolite is filtered in order to separate the solid portion.
  • the liquid portion forming the composition of the present invention is then bottled and is ready to be used as such or diluted with water.
  • the duration of the digestion and other specific parameters, as the agitation time, etc. depends on the specific plants used and on their reciprocal ratio, as known for the skilled in the art.
  • Example 1 Here are provided some compositions by way of non limiting examples.
  • Example 1
  • the container was exposed to sun radiation and the content agitated two or three times per day. Anaerobic digestion took place.
  • the composition showed an effectiveness of 96% at the first application.
  • the container was exposed to sun radiation and the content agitated two or three times per day. Anaerobic digestion took place.
  • composition showed an effectiveness of 98% at the first application.
  • the container was exposed to sun radiation and the content agitated two or three times per day. Anaerobic digestion took place.
  • composition showed an effectiveness of 88% at the first application.
  • the container was exposed to sun radiation and the content agitated two or three times per day. Anaerobic digestion took place.
  • composition showed an effectiveness of 88% at the first application.
  • composition showed an effectiveness of 93% at the first application.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
EP20740331.2A 2019-07-18 2020-07-17 In der behandlung von varroatose nützliche zusammensetzung Pending EP3998859A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102019000012264A IT201900012264A1 (it) 2019-07-18 2019-07-18 Composizione utile nel trattamento della varroatosi
PCT/EP2020/070387 WO2021009379A1 (en) 2019-07-18 2020-07-17 Composition useful in the treatment of varroatosis

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3998859A1 true EP3998859A1 (de) 2022-05-25

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20740331.2A Pending EP3998859A1 (de) 2019-07-18 2020-07-17 In der behandlung von varroatose nützliche zusammensetzung

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3998859A1 (de)
IT (1) IT201900012264A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2021009379A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2610138T3 (es) * 2009-08-31 2017-04-26 Gilles. M Grosmond Compuesto biológico contra varroa
SE537296C2 (sv) 2010-06-22 2015-03-31 Svenska Boprodukter Ab Anordning för förankring av beslag vid fönster och dörrar
RU2013157901A (ru) 2011-06-06 2015-07-20 Джон И. Хаас, Инк. Композиции и способы борьбы с заражением пчел медоносных паразитическими клещами
ES2395675B1 (es) * 2011-06-30 2013-12-26 Mieles Llovell, S.L. Composición y procedimiento para inhibir la reproducción de la varroa en colmenas

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Publication number Publication date
IT201900012264A1 (it) 2021-01-18
WO2021009379A1 (en) 2021-01-21

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