EP3997385A1 - Heating apparatus with primary air in heat exchange with the combustion fumes - Google Patents

Heating apparatus with primary air in heat exchange with the combustion fumes

Info

Publication number
EP3997385A1
EP3997385A1 EP20746273.0A EP20746273A EP3997385A1 EP 3997385 A1 EP3997385 A1 EP 3997385A1 EP 20746273 A EP20746273 A EP 20746273A EP 3997385 A1 EP3997385 A1 EP 3997385A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
transmission
section
combustion chamber
pcc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20746273.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Carlo Piazzetta
Filippo MENEGON
Andrea BOSA
Giacomo SERENA
Riccardo ONISTO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gruppo Piazzetta SpA
Original Assignee
Gruppo Piazzetta SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gruppo Piazzetta SpA filed Critical Gruppo Piazzetta SpA
Publication of EP3997385A1 publication Critical patent/EP3997385A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/028—Arrangements combining combustion-air and flue-gas circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B7/00—Stoves, ranges or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for convection heating 
    • F24B7/005—Flue-gas ducts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B7/00—Stoves, ranges or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for convection heating 
    • F24B7/04—Stoves, ranges or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for convection heating  with internal air ducts
    • F24B7/045—Stoves, ranges or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for convection heating  with internal air ducts with forced circulation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new heating apparatus, which is equipped with a specific structure of the combustion fumes exhaust circuit and of the primary air transmission or conveyance circuit, which circuits are in heat exchange relationship.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new heating apparatus.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a heating apparatus which is highly efficient both with reference to combustion and with respect to the heat exchange between combustion fumes and primary air.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a heating apparatus that can be operated efficiently according to multiple operating modes, more particularly in both natural and forced convection.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a heating apparatus that is simple and cost-effective to be produced.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view slightly from above and from the front of an apparatus according to the present invention
  • FIG. 1 is a view from the rear of an upper portion of the apparatus of figure 1,
  • FIG. 3 and 4 are views from the rear of details on an enlarged scale and with parts removed of the apparatus of figure 1,
  • FIG. 5 is a front view of an upper portion of the apparatus of figure 1 with arrows indicating the flow of primary air and combustion fumes according to a mode of operation in natural convection,
  • figure 6 is a view taken along the line VI- VI of figure 5
  • figure 7 is a top view with parts in transparency of the apparatus of figure
  • FIG. 8 is a view taken along the line VIII- VIII of figure 5,
  • FIG. 9 to 12 are views similar to figures 5 to 8 but with reference to a mode of operation in forced convection
  • FIG. 18 to 20 show the hollow tubular component of figures 13-14 and the side wall of figures 15-17 in mutual assembly or installation trim.
  • a stove or heating apparatus 1 for rooms or environments, such as rooms of homes or offices has been illustrated, which comprises a main frame 2 delimiting a positioning and combustion chamber or combustion chamber PCC and at least one wing or first door 3 constrained to the main frame 2 and movable with respect thereto for the opening or sealing closing of the combustion chamber PCC.
  • the sealing closure can also be obtained by means of special gaskets not here described in detail, but which are known in the field.
  • the wing 3 can be hinged or slidingly mounted to the frame 2 and movable with respect to the latter between an open position and a sealing closure position of an opening for accessing to the combustion chamber PCC.
  • the access opening is delimited by the frame, preferably, at the front F of the apparatus preferably defined by the wing 3.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises a front F, preferably defined by the wing, a rear R defined on the side opposite to the front F and two sides SI, S2.
  • a first fuel for example wood, if desired in logs, can be placed in the combustion chamber PCC through the access opening.
  • the access opening is defined by the frame 2, in particular on one face, if desired on a front face of the apparatus 1.
  • the access opening can have for example a rectangular, square, circular or other configuration.
  • the wing 3 can be equipped with double glazing or glass ceramic 3a as well as if desired with a counter-door for aesthetic purposes, for example always made of glass ceramic.
  • combustion chamber PCC is delimited frontally by the wing 3 and by part of the frame 2, on the bottom by a base wall 2a inside the frame 2 and by a side wall 2b rising from the base wall 2a and which can be curved or made by sections inclined with respect to each other.
  • the side wall 2b is made of a refractory material, if desired based on aluminum oxides, calcium silica, silico-aluminous compounds, magnesium compounds and in any case with a chemical composition ensuring use in a combustion chamber subject to prolonged fire action, together with characteristics of reduced thermal conductivity.
  • the side wall 2b can have a thickness, for example between 10 and 70 mm, advantageously between 20 and 40 mm.
  • the main frame 2 then defines or delimits internally at least one exhaust circuit 4 of the combustion fumes CF generated in the combustion chamber PCC and at least one transmission or conveyance circuit 5 of primary air PA to be heated in the apparatus 1 and opening outside the latter.
  • the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 is in heat exchange relationship with the exhaust circuit 4 of the combustion fumes CF or exhaust gases, so that the primary air can be heated or is heated by the combustion fumes.
  • the expression“in heat exchange relationship” means that the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 and the exhaust circuit 4 have a common wall so that the combustion fumes CF in the transmission circuit 5 can heat the primary air PA in the exhaust circuit 4.
  • the primary air within the transmission circuit 5 is in heat exchange through interposition of a wall, preferably a metal wall of the frame 2, with the combustion fumes conveyed into the exhaust circuit 4.
  • the exhaust circuit 4 develops starting from the top or in any case from an upper portion of the combustion chamber PCC around the latter, so as to isolate or thermally separate the combustion chamber PCC, entirely or partly, from the transmission or conveyance circuit 5.
  • the combustion chamber PCC is preferably open at the top, i.e. between the side wall 2b and the upper internal or front internal part of the frame 2 a window WI for the passage of the fumes is defined which is in fluid communication or open towards the exhaust circuit 4.
  • the side wall 2b can be in one piece or even in several parts which can be constrained with one another, with any suitable method, for example by welding or fitting of respective portions.
  • the side wall 2b comprises a central rear segment 2b 1 with a main lying plane, in use, vertical, two curved side segments 2b2, 2b3, also with main vertical lying plane, each of which starts from a respective side of the central rear segment 2b 1 towards the front F or towards the wing 3.
  • the two curved side segments 2b2, 2b3 may or may not be each in one piece.
  • the side wall 2b could also be provided with a section of roof wall 2b4 which extends from the other segment or other segments of the side wall 2b, for example from segments 2b 1, 2b2, 2b3 towards the front F of the apparatus.
  • the section of roof wall 2b4 has a substantially horizontal trim or in any case a trim slightly inclined with respect to the horizontal so as to have the front end at a level approximately corresponding to the respective rear end.
  • the section of roof wall 2b4 is at a distance from the front F of the apparatus or in any case from the wall or internal surface of the wing 3 or in any case of the component(s) of the frame delimiting the front F, so as to define the window WI of passage of fumes.
  • the exhaust circuit 4 develops behind and/or on one or both sides of the combustion chamber PCC, so that the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 is at a distance from the combustion chamber PCC or better from the side wall 2b delimiting the same, which distance is defined by the exhaust circuit 4 or by the width thereof.
  • the exhaust circuit 4 comprises a first section 4a extending, starting from an upper zone SZ (always defined within the frame 2) above the combustion chamber PCC, around the latter, i.e. on the rear and/or on the sides of the combustion chamber PCC and then a second section 4b which extends from the bottom of the first section 4a upwards and towards at least one exhaust outlet DO, preferably at the top of the apparatus, and thus delimited by an upper wall 2c of the frame 2.
  • the lower end of the first section 4a can be at a level approximately equal to the bottom of the combustion chamber PCC or slightly above this level. If desired, the first section 4a is substantially vertical, at least in a portion downstream of the upper zone SZ, and also the second section 4b is substantially vertical.
  • the flow reversal is of course obtained by means of a connecting section 4c between the first 4a and second 4b section.
  • the flow reversal is preferably substantially U-shaped, in which case the first 4a and second 4b section are parallel to one another, but it could also be different.
  • the first 4a and the second 4b section can also be tilted with respect to each other by an angle advantageously between 0° and 90°, even more advantageously between 0° and 45° or better between 0° and 30°, and thus the connecting section 4c would be shaped accordingly.
  • the connecting section 4c is a substantially horizontal section connecting the bottom of the first 4a and second 4b section.
  • the exhaust circuit 4 could comprise a first section 4a extending from an upper zone SZ above the combustion chamber PCC around the combustion chamber and a third section 4d extending from the top or from an upper part of the first section 4a towards at least one exhaust outlet DO, preferably at the top of the apparatus, and thus delimited by an upper wall 2c of the frame 2.
  • the third section 4d would preferably pass through the transmission or conveyance circuit 5.
  • both the second 4b and the third 4c are present, they could open into the same exhaust outlet DO or into different exhaust outlets DO.
  • the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 can develop between an inlet or exhaust opening AIS which leads out or opens towards the rear R or towards a side SI, S2 and the top of the apparatus 1.
  • the inlet or exhaust opening AIS can also be covered by means of a special bulkhead 2d, which conceals this opening AIS, but does not prevent the introduction or exit of primary air into/from it.
  • the inlet or outlet opening AIS is delimited at an intermediate level between the bottom and top of the apparatus or in any case at a level distal from the top.
  • the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 is open towards the rear R or towards a side SI, S2 of the apparatus 1 and extends towards the top of the apparatus, and it opens at the top, more particularly in one or more exit and/or inlet openings at the top UO delimited by the upper wall 2c of the frame 2.
  • the exit and/or inlet openings UO can be proximal to the front F with respect to the exhaust outlet DO.
  • the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 preferably develops in an tilted manner with respect to the horizontal, starting from a lower zone or zone at an intermediate level of the rear or of a side towards the top in an intermediate portion between the rear R and front F or in any case proximal to the front F, defined by the wing 3.
  • a second section 4b is provided in the exhaust circuit 4, it can partially enclose the transmission and conveyance circuit 5 from the outside or from a zone proximal to the rear R, while the first section 4a partially winds it from the inside or from a zone proximal to the front F, so that the circuit 5 develops between the first 4a and the second 4b sections, preferably at least for 70%, 80%, 90% or more of its extension.
  • the transmission and conveyance circuit 5 would be surrounded or enclosed, at least at its main walls or for most of the extension thereof by the exhaust circuit 4.
  • main walls of the transmission and conveyance circuit 5 are to be meant the walls delimiting the same which are closest to the front F or rear R of the apparatus, respectively.
  • the exhaust circuit 4 advantageously has a width equal to at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more of the width of the conveyance circuit 5 or vice versa.
  • the width of the transmission and conveyance circuit 5 is the same as the first 4b and second 4b section of the exhaust circuit 4 or in any case they have a width substantially equal to each other.
  • width it is to be meant the direction that goes from one side SI to the other S2 of the apparatus 1.
  • the transmission and conveyance circuit 5 is defined by at least one suitably shaped tubular hollow jacket- shaped or conveying component 6 which wraps the side wall 2b at a distance, which jacket-shaped component 6 has an internal wall 6a or wall distal from the rear R and a wall external 6b or proximal to the rear R.
  • tubular component 6 delimits one or more channels CC for conveying primary air.
  • the first section 4a is delimited between the side wall 2b and the internal wall 6a.
  • the tubular component 6 can have a configuration curved or with inclined segments.
  • the tubular component 6 includes three tubular segments 6c, 6d, 6e which extend from the opening AIS towards the top of the apparatus, then each opening at a respective opening at the top UO.
  • the three tubular segments 6c, 6d, 6e can be separated by means of respective walls so as to be fluid-tight with respect to each other.
  • a first central segment 6c and two lateral segments 6d, 6e placed one on the opposite side to the other with respect to the first segment 6c are provided.
  • the lateral segments 6d, 6e are inclined with respect to the first segment 6c so as to have the respective distal ends from the latter proximal to the front F with respect to the proximal ends constraining the first segment 6c.
  • the tubular component 6 defines a substantially concave or in any case basin-like zone with concavity or recess directed towards the combustion chamber PCC.
  • the tubular component or each segment 6c, 6d, 6e of the same has, from the bottom upwards, a first portion 6cl, 6dl, 6el substantially vertical and then a second portion 6c2, 6d2, 6e2 tilted with respect to the vertical, so that the tubular component 6 opens in a position between the rear R and the front F or proximal to the front F.
  • the third section 4d could pass or be defined by a through hole TH formed in one of the segments, for example in the second portion 6c2 of the first segment 6c.
  • the inlet or outlet opening AIS could instead be delimited by one of the segments or by a first portion of one of them, for example in the first portion 6c 1 of the first segment 6c, if desired at a wall of the same facing towards the rear R or towards a side SI, S2.
  • segments 6c, 6d, 6e of the tubular component 6 can be obtained in one piece with each other or constrained to each other by any suitable method, for example by welding or fitting or gluing.
  • Each segment 6c, 6d, 6e can define a respective conveyance channel CC.
  • Spacers 6f arranged in use between tubular component 6 and side wall 2b can then be provided in the apparatus 1.
  • the apparatus can then comprise or not a first fan 7 in fluid communication with the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 as well as means for activating the first fan 7, so that it is possible to activate the first fan 7 and thus drive the forced suction of primary air PA from the top of the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 and the exhaust of the latter towards the rear R or towards a side SI, S2, or deactivate the first fan such that the primary air PA is conveyed via natural convection from the rear R or from a side SI, S2 of the apparatus towards the top of the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 and of the apparatus 1.
  • the primary air is sucked from the top opening/s UO and discharged into the inlet or exhaust opening AIS, while in the natural convection mode, the primary air enters circuit 5 starting from the inlet or outlet opening AIS and exits through the opening or openings at the top US.
  • the first fan 7 can be mounted inside or outside the frame 2 and be in communication with the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 with one or more special ducts, so as to control, when activated, the primary air intake preferably downhill along the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 or better in the channel(s) CC defined by the tubular component 6 or by the segments thereof.
  • the activation means can consist of a motor, if desired electrical, which can be automatically activated by means of a control unit of the apparatus as a function of detections made by special sensors, or manually, by means of a button or remotely, with a remote control, smartphone or any suitable system.
  • the switching from natural to forced convection could be established by a user of the apparatus or automatically by means of a special control unit depending on the setting by a user or on conditions, for example temperature, humidity, pressure or other detected in the room to be heated by special sensors.
  • the apparatus could then also comprise a tank 8 for containing the first fuel or a second fuel, for example pellets, as well as at least one second wing or door 9 for closing/opening an opening for accessing and loading for the containment tank 8 with the first or second fuel.
  • the apparatus 1 would be advantageously designed to be powered, preferably during different work cycles, with at least two different fuels, for example wood and pellets.
  • the apparatus 1 would be in fact a hybrid stove, i.e. a stove that can be powered by two or more fuels.
  • the containment tank 8 can be delimited by the frame 2 or better by the walls of the frame 2 or it can be made separately and therefore introduced into the main frame 2 and constrained or bolted to it.
  • the containment tank 8 can be in a position below or above the combustion chamber PCC.
  • the tank 8 is below or in a position lower than the combustion chamber PCC.
  • the apparatus 1 can then comprise means for supporting and pivoting the second door 9.
  • the apparatus can then be equipped with means for feeding a comburent fluid, for example air, into the combustion chamber PCC.
  • a comburent fluid for example air
  • Such feeding means can comprise special ducts opening into the combustion chamber PCC as well as means for pushing or the like the comburent fluid, for example one or more second fans.
  • the apparatus also includes one or more drive motors, for example conveying means, as well as a control unit.
  • the apparatus can then be equipped with one or more probes for the temperature of the exhaust fumes, based on the values of which, the control unit may decide to switch the operation of the stove from wood to pellet, by appropriately operating the means for locking/unlocking the wings and automatically loading the pellets from the tank 8 to the combustion chamber PCC or vice versa.
  • the control unit may decide to switch the operation of the stove from wood to pellet, by appropriately operating the means for locking/unlocking the wings and automatically loading the pellets from the tank 8 to the combustion chamber PCC or vice versa.
  • a special light, sound or other signal may be emitted, after which a user would proceed with the appropriate switching actions.
  • the fuel supply from tank 8 can also not be automatic.
  • the apparatus 1 can also be provided with at least one brazier 10 opening into the combustion chamber PCC for the combustion of a fuel, and at least one supply duct or line 11 for the fuel from the tank 8 to the brazier 10 as well as means for conveying, for example automatically, such as a screw or the like, suitably operated, of the fuel along the supply line up to the brazier 10.
  • the brazier 10 as it is known, is arranged for the positioning and combustion of the fuel or fuels supplied by means of the supply duct 11.
  • the apparatus can then comprise at least one burner at the brazier 10.
  • the flame generation end or tip of one or more burners is provided or opens, which of course are suitably operated or operable.
  • the means for feeding a comburent fluid could also have a pipe for feeding comburent air at the brazier.
  • the combustion chamber is actually at least partly thermally insulated, by streams of cold or in any case not hot primary air, as it is surrounded by combustion fumes, which are very hot, so that the walls delimiting the combustion chamber are not hit or in contact, outside the chamber, with the primary air to be heated.
  • circuits 4 and 5 the efficiency of heat exchange between primary air PA and combustion fumes CF can also be improved. This is ensured in particular if a flow reversal, if desired in a U shape, is imparted to the combustion fumes CF but also with the first 4a and second 4b sections inclined to each other by an angle between 0° and 90°, or between 0° and 45° or better between 0° and 30°.
  • an apparatus according to the present invention can also be provided with a first fan 7 capable of sucking or pushing primary air into the circuit 5, thus effectively switching the apparatus between a natural convention operating mode and a convection operating mode forced, thus being able, depending on the case, to obtain the advantages of one or the other mode.

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for heating rooms or environments, such as rooms in homes or offices, comprising a main frame (2) delimiting a combustion chamber (PCC) and at least one wing (3) constrained to the main frame (2) and movable with respect to it for the opening or sealing closing the combustion chamber (PCC).

Description

HEATING APPARATUS WITH PRIMARY AIR IN HEAT EXCHANGE
WITH THE COMBUSTION FUMES
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new heating apparatus, which is equipped with a specific structure of the combustion fumes exhaust circuit and of the primary air transmission or conveyance circuit, which circuits are in heat exchange relationship.
STATE OF THE PRIOR ART
To date, many heating apparatuses have been proposed which include flue gas discharge circuits and supply circuits of primary air to be heated.
However, in such apparatuses it is difficult to obtain a good combustion and heating efficiency, since the combustion chamber is usually in contact with cold fluids that reduce its temperature or in any case the thermal exchange between combustion fumes and primary air is not satisfactory.
US4793322A, US5267552A e US2005224072A1 describe solutions according to the state of the prior art.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a new heating apparatus.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a heating apparatus which is highly efficient both with reference to combustion and with respect to the heat exchange between combustion fumes and primary air.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a heating apparatus that can be operated efficiently according to multiple operating modes, more particularly in both natural and forced convection.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a heating apparatus that is simple and cost-effective to be produced.
f BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other features and advantages of the invention will be more evident from the description of an embodiment of a heating apparatus, illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings in which:
- figure 1 is a perspective view slightly from above and from the front of an apparatus according to the present invention,
- figure 2 is a view from the rear of an upper portion of the apparatus of figure 1,
- figures 3 and 4 are views from the rear of details on an enlarged scale and with parts removed of the apparatus of figure 1,
- figure 5 is a front view of an upper portion of the apparatus of figure 1 with arrows indicating the flow of primary air and combustion fumes according to a mode of operation in natural convection,
- figure 6 is a view taken along the line VI- VI of figure 5,
- figure 7 is a top view with parts in transparency of the apparatus of figure
1,
- figure 8 is a view taken along the line VIII- VIII of figure 5,
- figures 9 to 12 are views similar to figures 5 to 8 but with reference to a mode of operation in forced convection,
- figures 13 and 14 show a hollow tubular component of the apparatus of figure 1,
- figures 15 to 17 show the side wall delimiting the combustion chamber of the apparatus of figure 1,
- figures 18 to 20 show the hollow tubular component of figures 13-14 and the side wall of figures 15-17 in mutual assembly or installation trim.
In the attached drawings equal parts or components are marked by the same reference numbers.
EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
With reference to the attached figures, a stove or heating apparatus 1 for rooms or environments, such as rooms of homes or offices according to the present invention has been illustrated, which comprises a main frame 2 delimiting a positioning and combustion chamber or combustion chamber PCC and at least one wing or first door 3 constrained to the main frame 2 and movable with respect thereto for the opening or sealing closing of the combustion chamber PCC. Clearly, the sealing closure can also be obtained by means of special gaskets not here described in detail, but which are known in the field.
The wing 3 can be hinged or slidingly mounted to the frame 2 and movable with respect to the latter between an open position and a sealing closure position of an opening for accessing to the combustion chamber PCC. The access opening is delimited by the frame, preferably, at the front F of the apparatus preferably defined by the wing 3.
In this regard, the apparatus 1 comprises a front F, preferably defined by the wing, a rear R defined on the side opposite to the front F and two sides SI, S2.
Clearly, a first fuel, for example wood, if desired in logs, can be placed in the combustion chamber PCC through the access opening.
The access opening is defined by the frame 2, in particular on one face, if desired on a front face of the apparatus 1. The access opening can have for example a rectangular, square, circular or other configuration.
The wing 3 can be equipped with double glazing or glass ceramic 3a as well as if desired with a counter-door for aesthetic purposes, for example always made of glass ceramic.
Clearly, the combustion chamber PCC is delimited frontally by the wing 3 and by part of the frame 2, on the bottom by a base wall 2a inside the frame 2 and by a side wall 2b rising from the base wall 2a and which can be curved or made by sections inclined with respect to each other.
Preferably, the side wall 2b is made of a refractory material, if desired based on aluminum oxides, calcium silica, silico-aluminous compounds, magnesium compounds and in any case with a chemical composition ensuring use in a combustion chamber subject to prolonged fire action, together with characteristics of reduced thermal conductivity.
The side wall 2b can have a thickness, for example between 10 and 70 mm, advantageously between 20 and 40 mm.
The main frame 2 then defines or delimits internally at least one exhaust circuit 4 of the combustion fumes CF generated in the combustion chamber PCC and at least one transmission or conveyance circuit 5 of primary air PA to be heated in the apparatus 1 and opening outside the latter.
The transmission or conveyance circuit 5 is in heat exchange relationship with the exhaust circuit 4 of the combustion fumes CF or exhaust gases, so that the primary air can be heated or is heated by the combustion fumes.
Of course, the expression“in heat exchange relationship” means that the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 and the exhaust circuit 4 have a common wall so that the combustion fumes CF in the transmission circuit 5 can heat the primary air PA in the exhaust circuit 4. In substance, the primary air within the transmission circuit 5 is in heat exchange through interposition of a wall, preferably a metal wall of the frame 2, with the combustion fumes conveyed into the exhaust circuit 4.
Moreover, the exhaust circuit 4 develops starting from the top or in any case from an upper portion of the combustion chamber PCC around the latter, so as to isolate or thermally separate the combustion chamber PCC, entirely or partly, from the transmission or conveyance circuit 5.
The combustion chamber PCC is preferably open at the top, i.e. between the side wall 2b and the upper internal or front internal part of the frame 2 a window WI for the passage of the fumes is defined which is in fluid communication or open towards the exhaust circuit 4.
The side wall 2b can be in one piece or even in several parts which can be constrained with one another, with any suitable method, for example by welding or fitting of respective portions.
With reference to the non-limiting embodiment shown in the figures, the side wall 2b comprises a central rear segment 2b 1 with a main lying plane, in use, vertical, two curved side segments 2b2, 2b3, also with main vertical lying plane, each of which starts from a respective side of the central rear segment 2b 1 towards the front F or towards the wing 3. The two curved side segments 2b2, 2b3 may or may not be each in one piece.
The side wall 2b could also be provided with a section of roof wall 2b4 which extends from the other segment or other segments of the side wall 2b, for example from segments 2b 1, 2b2, 2b3 towards the front F of the apparatus. The section of roof wall 2b4 has a substantially horizontal trim or in any case a trim slightly inclined with respect to the horizontal so as to have the front end at a level approximately corresponding to the respective rear end.
The section of roof wall 2b4 is at a distance from the front F of the apparatus or in any case from the wall or internal surface of the wing 3 or in any case of the component(s) of the frame delimiting the front F, so as to define the window WI of passage of fumes.
In this regard, the exhaust circuit 4 develops behind and/or on one or both sides of the combustion chamber PCC, so that the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 is at a distance from the combustion chamber PCC or better from the side wall 2b delimiting the same, which distance is defined by the exhaust circuit 4 or by the width thereof.
If desired, the exhaust circuit 4 comprises a first section 4a extending, starting from an upper zone SZ (always defined within the frame 2) above the combustion chamber PCC, around the latter, i.e. on the rear and/or on the sides of the combustion chamber PCC and then a second section 4b which extends from the bottom of the first section 4a upwards and towards at least one exhaust outlet DO, preferably at the top of the apparatus, and thus delimited by an upper wall 2c of the frame 2.
Owing to this it is possible to impart to the combustion fumes CF, a flow reversal along the exhaust circuit 4. The lower end of the first section 4a can be at a level approximately equal to the bottom of the combustion chamber PCC or slightly above this level. If desired, the first section 4a is substantially vertical, at least in a portion downstream of the upper zone SZ, and also the second section 4b is substantially vertical.
The flow reversal is of course obtained by means of a connecting section 4c between the first 4a and second 4b section.
The flow reversal is preferably substantially U-shaped, in which case the first 4a and second 4b section are parallel to one another, but it could also be different. In this regard, the first 4a and the second 4b section can also be tilted with respect to each other by an angle advantageously between 0° and 90°, even more advantageously between 0° and 45° or better between 0° and 30°, and thus the connecting section 4c would be shaped accordingly. In accordance with the embodiment shown in the figures, the connecting section 4c is a substantially horizontal section connecting the bottom of the first 4a and second 4b section.
As an alternative or in addition to what has been now indicated, the exhaust circuit 4 could comprise a first section 4a extending from an upper zone SZ above the combustion chamber PCC around the combustion chamber and a third section 4d extending from the top or from an upper part of the first section 4a towards at least one exhaust outlet DO, preferably at the top of the apparatus, and thus delimited by an upper wall 2c of the frame 2. In this case, the third section 4d would preferably pass through the transmission or conveyance circuit 5.
If both the second 4b and the third 4c are present, they could open into the same exhaust outlet DO or into different exhaust outlets DO.
As regards the transmission or conveyance circuit 5, on the other hand, it can develop between an inlet or exhaust opening AIS which leads out or opens towards the rear R or towards a side SI, S2 and the top of the apparatus 1. The inlet or exhaust opening AIS can also be covered by means of a special bulkhead 2d, which conceals this opening AIS, but does not prevent the introduction or exit of primary air into/from it.
More specifically, the inlet or outlet opening AIS is delimited at an intermediate level between the bottom and top of the apparatus or in any case at a level distal from the top.
If desired, the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 is open towards the rear R or towards a side SI, S2 of the apparatus 1 and extends towards the top of the apparatus, and it opens at the top, more particularly in one or more exit and/or inlet openings at the top UO delimited by the upper wall 2c of the frame 2.
The exit and/or inlet openings UO can be proximal to the front F with respect to the exhaust outlet DO. Actually, the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 preferably develops in an tilted manner with respect to the horizontal, starting from a lower zone or zone at an intermediate level of the rear or of a side towards the top in an intermediate portion between the rear R and front F or in any case proximal to the front F, defined by the wing 3.
If a second section 4b is provided in the exhaust circuit 4, it can partially enclose the transmission and conveyance circuit 5 from the outside or from a zone proximal to the rear R, while the first section 4a partially winds it from the inside or from a zone proximal to the front F, so that the circuit 5 develops between the first 4a and the second 4b sections, preferably at least for 70%, 80%, 90% or more of its extension.
Therefore, in this case, the transmission and conveyance circuit 5 would be surrounded or enclosed, at least at its main walls or for most of the extension thereof by the exhaust circuit 4. As main walls of the transmission and conveyance circuit 5 are to be meant the walls delimiting the same which are closest to the front F or rear R of the apparatus, respectively.
In this regard, the exhaust circuit 4 advantageously has a width equal to at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or more of the width of the conveyance circuit 5 or vice versa. Preferably, the width of the transmission and conveyance circuit 5 is the same as the first 4b and second 4b section of the exhaust circuit 4 or in any case they have a width substantially equal to each other.
By width it is to be meant the direction that goes from one side SI to the other S2 of the apparatus 1.
With specific reference to the non-limiting embodiment shown in the figures, the transmission and conveyance circuit 5 is defined by at least one suitably shaped tubular hollow jacket- shaped or conveying component 6 which wraps the side wall 2b at a distance, which jacket-shaped component 6 has an internal wall 6a or wall distal from the rear R and a wall external 6b or proximal to the rear R.
Clearly, the tubular component 6 delimits one or more channels CC for conveying primary air.
In this case, the first section 4a is delimited between the side wall 2b and the internal wall 6a.
The tubular component 6 can have a configuration curved or with inclined segments.
According to the non-limiting embodiment shown in the figures, the tubular component 6 includes three tubular segments 6c, 6d, 6e which extend from the opening AIS towards the top of the apparatus, then each opening at a respective opening at the top UO.
The three tubular segments 6c, 6d, 6e can be separated by means of respective walls so as to be fluid-tight with respect to each other.
Even more specifically, a first central segment 6c and two lateral segments 6d, 6e placed one on the opposite side to the other with respect to the first segment 6c are provided. The lateral segments 6d, 6e are inclined with respect to the first segment 6c so as to have the respective distal ends from the latter proximal to the front F with respect to the proximal ends constraining the first segment 6c.
In substance, the tubular component 6 defines a substantially concave or in any case basin-like zone with concavity or recess directed towards the combustion chamber PCC.
If desired, the tubular component or each segment 6c, 6d, 6e of the same has, from the bottom upwards, a first portion 6cl, 6dl, 6el substantially vertical and then a second portion 6c2, 6d2, 6e2 tilted with respect to the vertical, so that the tubular component 6 opens in a position between the rear R and the front F or proximal to the front F. In this case, the third section 4d could pass or be defined by a through hole TH formed in one of the segments, for example in the second portion 6c2 of the first segment 6c.
The inlet or outlet opening AIS could instead be delimited by one of the segments or by a first portion of one of them, for example in the first portion 6c 1 of the first segment 6c, if desired at a wall of the same facing towards the rear R or towards a side SI, S2.
If several segments 6c, 6d, 6e of the tubular component 6 are provided, they can be obtained in one piece with each other or constrained to each other by any suitable method, for example by welding or fitting or gluing.
Each segment 6c, 6d, 6e can define a respective conveyance channel CC.
Spacers 6f arranged in use between tubular component 6 and side wall 2b can then be provided in the apparatus 1.
The apparatus can then comprise or not a first fan 7 in fluid communication with the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 as well as means for activating the first fan 7, so that it is possible to activate the first fan 7 and thus drive the forced suction of primary air PA from the top of the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 and the exhaust of the latter towards the rear R or towards a side SI, S2, or deactivate the first fan such that the primary air PA is conveyed via natural convection from the rear R or from a side SI, S2 of the apparatus towards the top of the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 and of the apparatus 1.
Basically, during the forced suction or forced convection operating mode, then the primary air is sucked from the top opening/s UO and discharged into the inlet or exhaust opening AIS, while in the natural convection mode, the primary air enters circuit 5 starting from the inlet or outlet opening AIS and exits through the opening or openings at the top US.
During the forced suction or forced convection operating mode, one obtains a co-current thermal exchange between combustion fumes CF in the first section 4a and primary air in the circuit 5 and counter-current between combustion fumes CF in the second section 4b and primary air in the circuit 5, while during the natural convection operating mode one obtains a counter-current thermal exchange between combustion fumes CF in the first section 4a and primary air in the circuit 5 and co-current between combustion fumes in the second section 4b and primary air PA in the circuit 5.
The first fan 7 can be mounted inside or outside the frame 2 and be in communication with the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 with one or more special ducts, so as to control, when activated, the primary air intake preferably downhill along the transmission or conveyance circuit 5 or better in the channel(s) CC defined by the tubular component 6 or by the segments thereof.
Clearly, the activation means can consist of a motor, if desired electrical, which can be automatically activated by means of a control unit of the apparatus as a function of detections made by special sensors, or manually, by means of a button or remotely, with a remote control, smartphone or any suitable system.
The switching from natural to forced convection could be established by a user of the apparatus or automatically by means of a special control unit depending on the setting by a user or on conditions, for example temperature, humidity, pressure or other detected in the room to be heated by special sensors.
The apparatus could then also comprise a tank 8 for containing the first fuel or a second fuel, for example pellets, as well as at least one second wing or door 9 for closing/opening an opening for accessing and loading for the containment tank 8 with the first or second fuel.
In this case, the apparatus 1 would be advantageously designed to be powered, preferably during different work cycles, with at least two different fuels, for example wood and pellets. In this case, the apparatus 1 would be in fact a hybrid stove, i.e. a stove that can be powered by two or more fuels.
The containment tank 8 can be delimited by the frame 2 or better by the walls of the frame 2 or it can be made separately and therefore introduced into the main frame 2 and constrained or bolted to it.
The containment tank 8 can be in a position below or above the combustion chamber PCC. In particular, according to the embodiment shown in the figures, the tank 8 is below or in a position lower than the combustion chamber PCC.
The apparatus 1 can then comprise means for supporting and pivoting the second door 9.
The apparatus can then be equipped with means for feeding a comburent fluid, for example air, into the combustion chamber PCC. Such feeding means can comprise special ducts opening into the combustion chamber PCC as well as means for pushing or the like the comburent fluid, for example one or more second fans.
Of course, the apparatus also includes one or more drive motors, for example conveying means, as well as a control unit.
The apparatus can then be equipped with one or more probes for the temperature of the exhaust fumes, based on the values of which, the control unit may decide to switch the operation of the stove from wood to pellet, by appropriately operating the means for locking/unlocking the wings and automatically loading the pellets from the tank 8 to the combustion chamber PCC or vice versa. As an alternative, if it is necessary to convert the operation from wood to pellets, a special light, sound or other signal may be emitted, after which a user would proceed with the appropriate switching actions.
The fuel supply from tank 8 can also not be automatic.
Furthermore, the apparatus 1 can also be provided with at least one brazier 10 opening into the combustion chamber PCC for the combustion of a fuel, and at least one supply duct or line 11 for the fuel from the tank 8 to the brazier 10 as well as means for conveying, for example automatically, such as a screw or the like, suitably operated, of the fuel along the supply line up to the brazier 10.
The brazier 10, as it is known, is arranged for the positioning and combustion of the fuel or fuels supplied by means of the supply duct 11.
The apparatus can then comprise at least one burner at the brazier 10. Advantageously, in the brazier 10 or better at an upper combustion surface of the same, the flame generation end or tip of one or more burners is provided or opens, which of course are suitably operated or operable.
Naturally, the means for feeding a comburent fluid could also have a pipe for feeding comburent air at the brazier.
As will be appreciated, owing to an apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain an excellent combustion efficiency, since the combustion chamber is actually at least partly thermally insulated, by streams of cold or in any case not hot primary air, as it is surrounded by combustion fumes, which are very hot, so that the walls delimiting the combustion chamber are not hit or in contact, outside the chamber, with the primary air to be heated.
This insulation is increased thanks to the presence of the refractory constituting the walls delimiting the combustion chamber.
As a result of this, more effective combustion is obtained, which entails, among other things, a reduction in the quantities of polluting and unwanted substances, such as carbon monoxide and fine dust, in the combustion fumes CF.
Thanks to the structure of circuits 4 and 5, the efficiency of heat exchange between primary air PA and combustion fumes CF can also be improved. This is ensured in particular if a flow reversal, if desired in a U shape, is imparted to the combustion fumes CF but also with the first 4a and second 4b sections inclined to each other by an angle between 0° and 90°, or between 0° and 45° or better between 0° and 30°.
This guarantees a turbulence in the combustion fumes CF and, if desired a heat exchange of the circuits 4, 5 for most of their extension, in particular where the conveying circuit 5 is surrounded or enclosed, at least at its main walls, by the exhaust circuit 4.
As a function of the above described expedients, in an apparatus according to the present invention, good efficiency is also obtained with operation in natural convention, i.e. where the primary air is not forced, sucked or pushed, in the transmission or conveyance circuit 5.
Moreover, an apparatus according to the present invention can also be provided with a first fan 7 capable of sucking or pushing primary air into the circuit 5, thus effectively switching the apparatus between a natural convention operating mode and a convection operating mode forced, thus being able, depending on the case, to obtain the advantages of one or the other mode.
Modifications and variations of the invention are possible within the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. Apparatus for heating environments or rooms, such as rooms of homes or offices, comprising a main frame (2) delimiting a combustion chamber (PCC) and at least one wing (3) constrained to said main frame (2) and movable with respect thereto for the opening or sealing closing of said combustion chamber (PCC), said main frame (2) defining at least one exhaust circuit (4) for the combustion fumes (CF) generated in said combustion chamber (PCC) and at least one circuit for the transmission or conveyance (5) of primary air (PA) to be heated in said apparatus and opening outside the latter, said transmission or conveyance circuit (5) being in thermal exchange relationship with said exhaust circuit (4) of the combustion fumes, such that the primary air (PA) is heatable by means of the combustion fumes (CF), wherein said exhaust circuit (4) is extended starting from the top or from an upper portion of said combustion chamber (PCC) around the latter, so as to thermally separate or isolate, entirely or partly, said combustion chamber (PCC) from said transmission or conveyance circuit (5).
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said exhaust circuit (4) is extended behind and/or on one or both sides of the combustion chamber (PCC), such that said transmission or conveyance circuit (5) is at a distance from the side wall (2b) delimiting the combustion chamber (PCC), such distance being defined by the width of said exhaust circuit (4).
3. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said exhaust circuit (4) comprises a first section (4a) extended from an upper zone (SZ) above the combustion chamber (PCC) around said combustion chamber (PCC) and then a second section (4b) which from the bottom of said first section (4a) is extended upward, such that it is possible to impart, to the combustion fumes (CF), a flow reversal along said exhaust circuit (4).
4. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said first (4a) and said second (4b) section are tilted with respect to each other by an angle between 0° and 90° or between 0° and 45° or between 0° and 30°.
5. Apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, wherein said second section (4b) partly encloses, from the outside, said transmission and conveyance circuit (5), while said first section (4a) partly winds it from the interior, such that said transmission and conveyance circuit (5) is extended between said first (4a) and said second (4b) section.
6. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said exhaust circuit (4) comprises a first section (4a) extended from an upper zone (SZ) above the combustion chamber (PCC) around said combustion chamber (PCC) and a third section (4d) extended from the top or from an upper part of the first section (4a) towards at least one exhaust outlet (DO) at the top of the apparatus.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein said third section (4d) passes through said transmission or conveyance circuit (5).
8. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said transmission or conveyance circuit (5) is extended in a tilted manner with respect to the horizontal, starting from a lower zone or zone at an intermediate level of the rear (R) or of a side (SI, S2) towards the top in an intermediate portion between the rear (R) and front (F).
9. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said transmission or conveyance circuit (5) comprises at least one jacket-shape or conveyance hollow tubular component (6) which encloses at a distance the side wall (2b) for delimiting the combustion chamber (PCC), and such jacket-shape component (6) has an internal wall (6a) or wall that is distal from the rear (R) of the apparatus and an external wall (6b) or wall that is proximal to the rear (R), said tubular component (6) delimiting one or more conveyance channels (CC) for the primary air (PA).
10. Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said tubular component (6) has a curved configuration or a configuration with tilted segments defining a substantially concave zone or in any case a basin-like zone with concavity or recess directed towards the combustion chamber (PCC).
11. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, wherein said tubular component (6) has at least one portion (6c2, 6d2, 6e2) that is tilted with respect to the vertical in a manner such that said tubular component (6) opens in a position between the rear (R) and the front (F) or proximal to the front (F), where the front (F) is defined by the wing (3).
12. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one first fan (7) in fluid communication with the transmission or conveyance circuit (5) as well as with means for activating the first fan (7), such that it is possible to activate said at least one first fan (7) and thus drive the forced suction of primary air (PA) from the top of the transmission or conveyance circuit (5) and the exhaust of the latter towards the rear (R) or towards a side (SI, S2), or deactivate the first fan such that the primary air (PA) is conveyed via natural convection from the rear (R) or from a side (SI, S2) of the apparatus towards the top of the transmission or conveyance circuit (5) and of the apparatus (1).
13. Apparatus according to claims 3 and 12, wherein during the forced suction or forced convection operating mode, one obtains a co-current thermal exchange between combustion fumes (CF) in the first section (4a) and primary air (PA) in the transmission or conveyance circuit (5) and counter-current between combustion fumes (CF) in the second section (4b) and primary air (PA) in the transmission or conveyance circuit (5), while during the natural convection operating mode one obtains a counter-current thermal exchange between combustion fumes (CF) in the first section (4a) and primary air (PA) in the transmission or conveyance circuit (5) and co-current between combustion fumes in the second section (4b) and primary air (PA) in the transmission or conveyance circuit (5).
EP20746273.0A 2019-07-12 2020-06-30 Heating apparatus with primary air in heat exchange with the combustion fumes Pending EP3997385A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102019000011604A IT201900011604A1 (en) 2019-07-12 2019-07-12 HEATING EQUIPMENT WITH PRIMARY AIR IN HEAT EXCHANGE WITH COMBUSTION FUMES
PCT/IB2020/056158 WO2021009592A1 (en) 2019-07-12 2020-06-30 Heating apparatus with primary air in heat exchange with the combustion fumes

Publications (1)

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EP3997385A1 true EP3997385A1 (en) 2022-05-18

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20746273.0A Pending EP3997385A1 (en) 2019-07-12 2020-06-30 Heating apparatus with primary air in heat exchange with the combustion fumes

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EP (1) EP3997385A1 (en)
IT (1) IT201900011604A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2021009592A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2544468B1 (en) * 1983-04-14 1986-06-06 France Sarl Foyer HEATING APPARATUS COMPRISING A HEAT RECOVERY
US4665889A (en) * 1986-02-27 1987-05-19 Lopi International, Ltd. Stove
US4793322A (en) * 1986-11-06 1988-12-27 Shimek Ronald J Direct-vented gas fireplace
CA2070072C (en) * 1992-05-29 1996-05-07 David G. Squires Direct vent gas fireplace assembly
US6295981B1 (en) * 1999-01-13 2001-10-02 Cfm Majestic Inc. Fireplace with vertical or horizontal venting
US6817354B2 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-11-16 Patricia A. Laitinen Wood burning furnace
US7111623B2 (en) * 2004-04-13 2006-09-26 Jeffrey Grant Designs, L.L.C. Heat deflecting baffle for direct vent fireplace

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IT201900011604A1 (en) 2021-01-12

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