EP3996858A1 - Optische einheit und anlage zum herstellen eines dreidimensionalen werkstücks - Google Patents
Optische einheit und anlage zum herstellen eines dreidimensionalen werkstücksInfo
- Publication number
- EP3996858A1 EP3996858A1 EP20736680.8A EP20736680A EP3996858A1 EP 3996858 A1 EP3996858 A1 EP 3996858A1 EP 20736680 A EP20736680 A EP 20736680A EP 3996858 A1 EP3996858 A1 EP 3996858A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- optical unit
- side wall
- section
- opening
- optical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 252
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003455 independent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
- B29C64/268—Arrangements for irradiation using laser beams; using electron beams [EB]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
- B22F12/45—Two or more
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/25—Housings, e.g. machine housings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
- B29C64/277—Arrangements for irradiation using multiple radiation means, e.g. micromirrors or multiple light-emitting diodes [LED]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optical unit for use in a system for producing a three-dimensional workpiece and a corresponding system.
- the production of the three-dimensional workpiece can be production using a generative layering process and in particular using a jet melting process.
- a raw material for example a raw material powder
- site-specific irradiation e.g. by melting or sintering
- the irradiation can be done by electromag netic ⁇ radiation, for example in the form of laser radiation.
- the molding compound in an initial state, can initially be in the form of granules, as a powder or as a liquid molding compound and, as a result of the irradiation, can be solidified selectively or, in other words, in a location-specific manner.
- the molding compound can, for example, comprise ceramic, metal or plastic materials and also material mixtures thereof.
- a variant of generative layer construction processes relates to what is known as laser beam melting in the powder bed, in which, in particular, metallic and / or ceramic raw material powder materials are solidified into three-dimensional workpieces by irradiating a laser beam.
- raw material powder material in the form of a raw material powder layer to a carrier and to irradiate it selectively and in accordance with the geometry of the workpiece layer currently to be produced.
- the laser radiation penetrates the raw material powder material and solidifies it, for example as a result of heating, which causes melting or sintering.
- a new layer of unprocessed raw material powder material is applied to the workpiece layer that has already been produced.
- Known coating arrangements or powder application devices can be used for this purpose. A new one then takes place
- a known optical irradiation unit which lien for example in an apparatus for producing three-dimensional workpieces by irradiating raw material ⁇ is usable, is described in EP 2335848 Bl.
- the known irradiation unit comprises a beam source, in particular a laser source, and various optical components, such as a beam expander, a focusing unit, and a deflection device in the form of a scanner unit and an objective.
- One possibility of being able to generate several laser beams at the same time is to provide several optical units, each optical unit being set up to emit a laser beam and to direct it to a predetermined location on the raw material.
- the space for the optical unit (s) is limited so that one compact design of the optical unit (s) is desirable.
- the housing of the optical units is designed so that a simple and space-saving arrangement of the optical units next to one another is made possible.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide an optical unit with an improved geometry and an associated system.
- the invention accordingly relates to an optical unit for use in a system for producing a three-dimensional workpiece by means of a jet melting process.
- the optical unit comprises beam optics for generating a beam and for directing the beam to a predetermined location and a housing with a housing base and an opening provided in the housing base which is transparent for the beam so that it can pass through the opening.
- the optical unit has a lower section encompassing the housing bottom with two side walls each running parallel to a first direction and an upper section connected to the lower section with two side walls each running parallel to the first direction, the lower section and the upper section so to one another are arranged offset that a first side wall of the side walls of the lower section does not run in the same plane as a first side wall of the side walls of the upper section and a second side wall of the side walls of the lower section does not run in the same plane as a second side wall of the side walls of the upper section .
- the beam melting process can be, for example, selective laser melting or selective laser sintering.
- the beam optics of the optical unit can comprise a beam source and in particular a laser beam source.
- a Nd: YAG laser can be used for this, which generates a laser beam with a wavelength of 1064 nm.
- the beam optics can comprise further optical elements which are suitable for shaping, deflecting or otherwise influencing the laser beam generated.
- one or more provided from the following non-exhaustive list include: a beam expander for expanding the laser beam, a sie ⁇ purity for changing a focus position of the laser beam along a beam direction of the laser beam, a scanning unit for two-dimensionally scanning the laser beam over a top Layer of raw material, a spatial modulator for Light (SLM) for impressing a spatial modulation on the laser beam, a beam splitting unit for splitting the laser beam into several partial beams, and an objective lens such as an f-theta lens.
- the predetermined location at which the laser beam is directed can be a predetermined position on an uppermost layer of the raw material.
- the housing base can be aligned such that a surface normal of the housing base points in the direction of the applied raw material layer (s).
- the opening in the housing base can - but does not have to - be completely surrounded by the housing base.
- the main property of the opening is that the jet can pass through it.
- the opening can for example comprise a pane (for example a glass pane) which is transparent to the beam and in particular transparent to a wavelength of the laser beam.
- the disk can effect an airtight seal of the optical unit.
- the opening can also only represent an opening or recess that is not closed and therefore filled with air.
- the side walls can be designed, for example, in such a way that the two side walls of the lower section and the two side walls of the upper section run parallel to a plane that is perpendicular to a plane in which the housing base extends. Within the framework of the coordinate system defined here, these side walls can thus run parallel to an xz plane, for example.
- the first side wall of the lower section can run parallel to the first side wall of the upper section.
- the second side wall can ⁇ duri fen of the lower portion parallel to the second side wall of the upper portion.
- the two side walls of the upper section can, for example, be offset by the same distance and in the same direction with respect to the two side walls of the lower section.
- This direction can be the y-direction defined herein, which runs perpendicular to the first direction (x-direction).
- the offset defined above can enable a compact construction of the optical unit.
- the lower section and the upper section can each be configured essentially in the form of a cuboid.
- a width of the lower portion along the direction of the offset ie in the coordinate system defined herein in the y direction
- the optical unit described herein can be configured such that it can be positioned between two further structurally identical optical units, so that side walls of the respective optical units are adjacent to one another.
- the optical unit which has the shape described above with a lower section and an upper section, can be configured, for example, so that a further structurally identical optical unit can be placed next to the optical unit in such a way that the second side wall of the lower section of the optical unit is arranged adjacent to a first side wall of a lower section of the further optical unit and the second side wall of the upper section of the optical unit is arranged adjacent to a first side wall of an upper section of the further optical unit.
- the adjacent arrangement described above can mean that the respective side walls are directly adjacent to one another and that there is only a narrow air gap between the respective side walls.
- the air gap can have a width that is less than 20%, than 10%, than 5%, than 2% or as 1% of a width of the upper section, measured along a direction along which the respective optical components are arranged adjacent to one another (for example, along the y-direction).
- the adjacent arrangement can mean that there is no component other than the respective optical units between the respective side walls.
- the respective adjacent side walls can run parallel to one another.
- the side walls of the lower section can be parallel to one another and the side walls of the upper section can also be parallel to one another.
- Inde pendent ⁇ thereof a first connecting surface, the first side wall of the lower portion connected to the first side wall of the upper portion and a second connecting surface connecting the second side wall of the lower portion with the second side wall of the upper portion.
- the connecting surfaces can be designed such that, in the case of an adjacent arrangement of structurally identical optical units, the first side wall of the optical unit is adjacent to a second side wall of an adjacent optical unit and runs parallel to it.
- the optical unit can furthermore comprise at least one roller provided on the housing bottom, by means of which the optical unit can be rolled along at least the first direction, the first direction corresponding to a rolling direction.
- the first direction is thus meant.
- this rolling direction or first direction corresponds to the x direction.
- the at least one roller can be provided on the housing base in such a way that it is partially embedded in it.
- an axis of rotation of the roller can run within the optical unit or at least within the housing base.
- the roller may be provided so on Gehotu ⁇ seboden also otherwise in any manner that it enables a desired rolling movement of the optical unit.
- the roller can be essentially cylindrical.
- the roller can enable a substantially linear rolling movement in the rolling direction.
- rollers can also be provided which enable rolling movements in more than one rolling direction, for example in any directions within a plane.
- the rollers can for example be rotatably mounted about an axis which is perpendicular to the respective rolling axis of the roller, or the rollers can be designed as balls. If one speaks of the (one) rolling direction in the following, this rolling direction is defined along the x-axis in an xy-plane. Alternatively, the rolling direction could also be defined along the y-axis.
- the provision of the at least one roller can make it possible to roll the optical unit over a receiving section of a system for producing a three-dimensional workpiece (within an xy plane), so that the optical unit cannot be placed on the receiving section (along a z direction) must take place at the location of an intended end position of the optical unit.
- the optical units can be heavy and / or unwieldy, the initial loading of a system for producing a three-dimensional workpiece with optical units can be difficult and complex.
- the individual optical units can in principle be interchangeable in order to be able to remove individual optical elements for repair or maintenance even after the initial assembly or to be able to replace them (for example after a defect or if an optical element with other properties such as another Wavelength or laser power is desired).
- the state of the art is often not possible without having to completely remove other optical units (besides the one to be replaced) or at least have to change their position. This makes the removal and installation of the optical units difficult and complex.
- the at least one roller proposed here offers an improvement in that the optical units can be "rolled up" laterally (along the rolling direction).
- the optical unit can have at least three rollers provided on the housing base, all of which are offset from one another along a direction running perpendicular to the rolling direction.
- this offset means that no two of these at least three rollers run along the same straight line (in the x direction). Rather, the straight lines along which the individual rollers run can run parallel along the x-direction and be spaced from one another (along a y-direction).
- further rollers can be provided which are also offset as described above or have no offset (along the y-direction) with respect to one of the at least three rollers. If at least three offset rollers are provided, an associated groove can be provided in the receiving section of the system for each of the rollers.
- the housing bottom can have a hole which is designed to receive a fastening means.
- the hole can have a thread that is adapted to receive a screw.
- the hole can run, for example, along a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (e.g. z-direction).
- the hole can serve to fasten the optical unit to a receiving section of a system with the aid of the fastening means.
- the invention relates to a system for producing a three-dimensional workpiece by means of a jet melting process.
- the system comprises a carrier for receiving several layers of a raw material, a receiving section arranged above the carrier with at least one in the Receiving section provided groove and the optical unit according to the first aspect.
- the at least one roller of the optical unit and the at least one groove of the receiving section are designed such that the at least one roller can roll along the at least one groove and is guided by it.
- the groove can for example run along a straight line, in particular along the x-direction defined herein.
- the groove can for example have a substantially rectangular cross section.
- a bottom surface of the groove can run parallel to the x-y plane so that the associated roller of the optical unit can roll on it along the x direction.
- An associated groove (precisely) can be provided in the receiving section for each of the rollers of the optical unit. If the optical unit has, for example, three rollers, three associated grooves can be provided in the receiving section.
- the optical unit can for example have four rollers, two of the four rollers being able to be guided in a common groove.
- the at least one groove may be at an end portion of the groove a recess for receiving an associated roller of the optical unit, wherein the Vertie ⁇ Fung with respect to a bottom surface of the groove is provided.
- the groove can represent a “depression” or recess in the receiving section, the bottom surface of the groove being at a lower level (in the z direction) than a surface of the receiving section. Starting from this level, the bottom surface is at the end section of the groove a further recess is provided along the z-direction.
- This recess can be used to enable the associated optical unit to lock into place in an end position. The optical unit cannot be removed from this end position simply by rolling along the x-direction, since it is additionally it is necessary to remove the roller (in the x-direction) from the recess For each roller of the optical unit, a recess can be provided in an associated groove.
- the recess can be designed so that the associated role does not touch a bottom of the recess when the associated role is taken up by the recess.
- men and the optical unit is in an end position.
- a surface of the receiving section and the housing base of the optical unit can touch.
- the optical unit is thus locked in place and lies flat and stable on the surface of the receiving section.
- An inclined transition surface can be provided between the bottom surface of the groove and the recess.
- the transition surface can be a ramp, for example.
- the transition surface can represent an inclined plane, but can also be curved.
- the roller can roll into and out of the depression via the transition surface.
- the system can further comprise at least one fastening means which is designed to be inserted into the hole in the housing bottom of the optical unit in order to thus fix the optical unit to the receiving section of the system.
- the fastening means can be, for example, a screw or a bolt.
- the fastening means can be inserted into the hole along the z-direction in order to fix the optical unit to the receiving section.
- the receiving section can for example also have a hole and in particular a hole with a thread.
- the at least one roller or rollers of the optical unit can be resiliently supported. In this way, by applying pressure to an upper side of the optical unit (downwards in the z-direction), it can be achieved that a surface of the receiving section and the housing base of the optical unit approach one another and finally touch one another in an end position.
- the receiving section can have an opening which is transparent to the beam and which is configured to at least partially overlap the opening of the optical unit in an end position of the optical unit, so that the beam is directed through the opening of the optical unit and through the opening of the receiving section can.
- the end position can be an attached state in which the optical unit is attached to the receiving section.
- the opening of the receiving section can, for example, only be a cutout.
- a pane that is transparent to the laser beam e.g. a pane of glass
- the opening is used so that the laser beam can be directed from the optical unit, through the receiving section, onto the raw material.
- a seal running around the opening of the receiving section and / or around the opening of the optical unit can be provided.
- the seal can serve to seal a construction chamber below the receiving section in a gas-tight manner, so that no gas can escape from the construction chamber into the surroundings and / or into the optical unit.
- the system can have several optical units arranged next to one another according to the first aspect.
- the optical units can be arranged next to one another along a direction which is perpendicular to the rolling direction (for example, along the y-direction). Additionally or alternatively, the optical units can be arranged next to one another along the rolling direction (for example along the x direction).
- a predetermined number of optical units for example six
- a predetermined number of optical units can be arranged in a first row next to one another along the y-direction and in a second row the same predetermined number of optical units can be arranged along the y-direction, the two rows next to one another along the x - Direction are arranged.
- the invention relates to an optical unit for use in a system for producing a three-dimensional workpiece by means of a jet melting process.
- the optical unit comprises beam optics for generating a beam and for directing the beam to a predetermined location, a housing with a housing bottom and an opening provided in the housing bottom which is transparent for the beam so that it can pass through the opening, and at least one at the Housing base provided roller, by means of which the optical unit can be rolled along at least one rolling direction.
- An optical unit designed in this way can also be claimed independently of the combination of features defined in claim 1.
- the feature that the optical unit has a lower section encompassing the housing bottom with two side walls each running parallel to a first direction and an upper section connected to the lower section with two side walls each running parallel to the first direction comprises, wherein the lower section and the upper section are arranged offset from one another that a first side wall of the side walls of the lower section does not run in the same plane as a first side wall of the side walls of the upper section and a second side wall of the side walls of the lower section not in the same plane is as a second side wall ⁇ of the side walls of the upper portion, not essential.
- the optical unit can have at least three rollers provided on the housing base, all of which can be offset from one another along a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
- the housing base can have a hole which is designed to receive a fastening means.
- the optical unit can have a lower section encompassing the housing base with two side walls each running parallel to the rolling direction and an upper section connected to the lower section with two side walls each running parallel to the rolling direction.
- the lower section and the upper section are offset from one another in such a way that a first side wall of the side walls of the lower section does not run in the same plane as a first side wall of the side walls of the upper section and a second side wall of the side walls of the lower section does not run in the same plane like a second side wall of the side walls of the upper section.
- the optical unit described herein can be configured such that it can be positioned between two further structurally identical optical units, so that side walls of the respective optical units are adjacent to one another.
- the optical unit which cut the shape described above having a lower From ⁇ and having an upper portion may be configured, for example so that a further identical optical unit can be placed so in addition to the optical unit, that the second side wall of the lower portion of the optical unit is arranged adjacent to a first side wall of a lower portion of the further optical unit and the second side wall of the upper portion of the optical unit is arranged adjacent to a first side wall of an upper portion of the further optical unit.
- the side walls of the lower section can be parallel to one another and the side walls of the upper section can also be parallel to one another.
- a first connection surface can connect the first side wall of the lower section to the first side wall of the upper section and a second connection surface can connect the second side wall of the lower section to the second side wall of the upper section.
- the invention relates to a system for producing a three-dimensional workpiece by means of a jet melting process.
- the system comprises a carrier for receiving a plurality of layers of a raw material, a receiving section arranged above the carrier with at least one groove provided in the receiving section and the optical unit according to the first aspect.
- the at least one roller of the optical unit and the at least one groove of the receiving section are designed such that the at least one roller can roll along the at least one groove and is guided by it.
- a system designed in this way can also be defined independently of the combination of features defined in claim 7.
- the feature of claim 1 is that the optical unit has a lower section comprising the housing bottom with two side walls each running parallel to a first direction and an upper section connected to the lower section with two each parallel to the first direction extending side walls, wherein the lower portion and the upper portion are arranged offset from one another that a first side wall of the side walls of the lower portion does not run in the same plane as a first side wall of the side walls of the upper section and a second side wall of the side walls of the lower section do not run in the same plane as a second side wall of the side walls of the upper section, not essential.
- an associated groove can be provided (precisely) in the receiving section for each of the rollers of the optical unit.
- the at least one groove can have a recess at an end section of the groove for receiving an associated roller of the optical unit, the recess being provided with respect to a bottom surface of the groove.
- the recess can be designed so that the associated roller does not touch a bottom of the recess when the associated roller is received by the recess and the optical unit is in an end position.
- An inclined transition surface can be provided between the bottom surface of the groove and the recess.
- the system can further comprise at least one fastening means which is designed to be inserted into the hole in the housing bottom of the optical unit in order to thus fix the optical unit to the receiving section of the system.
- the receiving section can have an opening which is transparent to the beam and which is configured to at least partially overlap the opening of the optical unit in an end position of the optical unit, so that the beam is directed through the opening of the optical unit and through the opening of the receiving section can.
- a seal running around the opening of the receiving section and / or around the opening of the optical unit can be provided.
- the system can have several optical units arranged next to one another according to the third aspect.
- the invention is explained below with reference to the accompanying figures. They represent:
- FIG. 1 a perspective view of a plurality of optical units which are arranged in two rows on a receiving section;
- FIG. 2 a view from below of a housing base of an optical unit, an opening in the housing base and three rollers being shown;
- FIG. 3 a perspective view of an individual optical unit arranged on a receiving section
- FIG. 4 a plan view of the situation in FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 a front view of a plurality of optical units which are arranged next to one another on a receiving section;
- FIG. 6 a side view of an optical unit located in an end position, a roll of the optical unit being received by a recess in a groove of a receiving section;
- FIG. 7 a section through a y-z plane of an optical unit, with a
- FIG. 1 an exemplary embodiment of a section of a system 2 for producing a three-dimensional workpiece according to the present disclosure is presented.
- the section shown represents an area which is located above a carrier 6 on which raw material is applied in the ongoing construction process of the system 2.
- a topmost raw material layer is thus located within a level 4 during the ongoing construction process.
- the raw material can for example comprise a powder, a granulate and / or a liquid.
- the raw material can include, for example, metal, ceramic and / or a plastic material, or material mixtures thereof.
- the technique of beam melting used by the system 2 (for example selective laser melting or selective laser sintering) is, for example, from the prior art documents mentioned above well known and is only briefly explained at this point on the basis of selective laser melting in the powder bed.
- a first layer of raw material powder is applied to the carrier 6 and illuminated in a location-specific manner by one or more laser beams in such a way that desired areas of the powder are solidified. Then another layer of powder is applied to the previous powder layer and this top layer is again illuminated and solidified.
- a receiving section 8 for receiving a plurality of optical units 10 is shown. More precisely, the illustrated receiving section 8 enables the optical units 10 shown to be received.
- the receiving section 8 represents a plate-shaped element which is arranged in the area of a ceiling of a building chamber of the system 2 or represents this ceiling.
- Each of the illustrated optical units 10 is set up to radiate a laser beam downwards (i.e. through an opening of the receiving section 8) onto the plane 4 in which the raw material is located.
- Each of the optical units 10 shown includes beam optics 11 (shown schematically).
- the beam optics 11 comprise a scanner unit with which the laser beam formed by the optical unit 10 can be scanned over the plane 4.
- each of the beam optics 11 of the optical units 10 comprises a focusing unit which is suitable for changing a focus position of the respective laser beam along the beam direction.
- a beam cone 12 is shown, which shows the entire space that can be reached by the totality of the laser beams of the optical units 10.
- the base area of the beam cone 12 within the plane 4 thus shows exemplary areas on the carrier 6 which can be reached by the laser beams of the optical units 10.
- a Cartesian coordinate system is defined in the context of this entire disclosure as follows: a surface of the receiving section 8 defines an xy plane, wherein - as will be described below - grooves for inserting the opti- see units 10 run along the x-axis.
- the plane 4 of the topmost raw material layer runs parallel to this xy plane, and a surface of the carrier 6 also runs parallel to it.
- the z direction runs perpendicular to the xy plane.
- optical unit 10 or the Recordin ⁇ meabites 8 disposed above the carrier 6 it may mean that the respective element is spaced in the positive z direction from the carrier. 6
- the optical units 10 are arranged on the receiving section 8 such that two rows of optical units 10 are provided, the optical units 10 of the two rows being arranged adjacent to one another along the y direction and the two rows running parallel to one another and with respect to the x - spaced from each direction are 10 10 genüberre so that end faces of the optical elements of the one row end faces of the optical elements of the other row ge ⁇ .
- the end faces of the optical elements 10 are the faces of the optical units 10 which run in the yz plane.
- FIG. 2 shows a view of an optical unit 10 from below (looking in the positive z-direction).
- the optical unit 10 comprises a housing 14 which houses a beam optics 11 with several optical elements (for example laser beam source, scanner unit, etc.).
- the housing 14 has a housing base 16 which extends within an x-y plane. Further details of the geometry of the optical unit 10, which is essentially determined by the housing 14, are described further below in connection with the following figures.
- rollers 18 are also provided, which are to be rich tet ⁇ to roll the optical unit 10 along the x-direction.
- the rollers protrude from the housing base 16 by a predetermined distance in the z direction.
- these are essentially cylindrical rollers 18 which only allow movement in the x direction.
- rollers can also be provided which can rotate about the z-axis, for example, so that any rolling movements are possible within the xy plane.
- the three rollers 18 are offset from one another with respect to the y-direction. Furthermore, the rollers 18 are also offset from one another with respect to the x direction.
- At least one roller 18 is advantageous in order to enable the optical unit 10 to "roll in” laterally.
- embodiments of optical units with the improved geometry proposed herein are also possible which do not have a roller.
- These optical units 10 can, for example, from above (along the z-direction) or be inserted laterally along the housing bottom 16.
- rollers or sliding elements can also be provided elsewhere than the housing base 16.
- the housing base 16 has an opening 20.
- This opening 20 is an opening insofar as it can be penetrated by the laser beam of the optical unit 10 and is therefore transparent to the latter.
- the opening 20 of the embodiment shown has a glass pane which is transparent to the laser beam.
- the housing base 16 has three holes 22, which extend into the housing base 16 along the z-axis.
- a fastening means for example a bolt or a screw
- three corresponding holes are also provided in the receiving section 8 for each of the optical units 10.
- transition surface 24 is shown in FIG. 2 which extends from a side wall of a lower section to a side wall of an upper section of the optical unit 10.
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the receiving section 8 as well as an individual optical unit 10 arranged thereon.
- the optical unit 10 is in an end position, ie. H. in a position in which it is ready for use.
- the optical unit 10 can be fastened in this end position, for example with fastening means.
- three grooves 26 are provided in a surface of the receiving section 8 for each optical unit 10.
- the number of grooves 26 per optical unit 10 thus corresponds to the number of rollers 18, so that an associated groove 26 is provided for each roller 18.
- only the three grooves 26 for one of the optical units 10 are provided with a reference symbol in FIG.
- the grooves 26 have a rectangular cross section with respect to a section through the yz plane. Each of the grooves 26 runs parallel to the x direction.
- the grooves 26 serve that the optical unit 10 can be placed on the grooves 26 of the receiving section 8 at one point (from above, ie along the z-direction) and then rolled along the x-direction into its respective end position can.
- the grooves 26 can also be open towards the x-direction, so that the rollers 18 can also be introduced into the respective grooves 26 from the x-direction. nen.
- the illustrated optical unit 10 was thus pushed in from the left (ie in the x direction) and thus brought into its end position. More precisely, the optical unit 10 was first placed on the three grooves 26 in the z direction and then moved in the x direction so that the respective rollers 18 of the optical unit 10 roll in the associated grooves 26 and are guided by them.
- FIG. 3 also shows that an associated opening 28 is provided in the receiving section 8 for each of the optical units 10.
- the openings 28 are designed such that in the end position of the associated optical unit 10, the opening 20 of the housing base 16 overlaps with the opening 28 of the receiving section 8, so that the laser beam can penetrate both openings.
- the opening 28 can merely be a recess or a pane (e.g. a glass pane) can be provided which covers the opening 28 and closes it in a gastight manner .
- a sealing ring can be provided which runs around the opening 28 so that no gas can escape from the opening 28 or the underlying construction chamber into the environment after the optical unit 10 has been placed.
- a sealing ring can be provided which runs around the opening 20 of the housing bottom 16 of the optical unit 10.
- Figure 4 shows the same situation as Figure 3, but in plan view.
- the arrangement of the grooves 26 and the openings 28 of the receiving section 8 can be seen better from this perspective.
- Figure 3 it can be seen that for 12 optical
- Units 10 12 associated placeholders are provided, wherein an opening 28 and three grooves 26 are provided on the receiving portion 8 for each of the placeholders.
- the placeholders are arranged so that two rows of optical units 10 can be arranged on the receiving section 8, the rows each running in the y-direction. End faces of the individual optical elements 10 (i.e. faces that lie in the y-z plane) are thus adjacent to one another. Likewise, side walls of the optical elements 10 are adjacent to one another in the individual rows, as is described in connection with FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows a front view of a row of six optical units 10 which are arranged next to one another on the receiving section 8. All of the optical units 10 are structurally identical in terms of the geometry of their housing 14. For this reason, the geometry of one of these housings 14 is described below as an example.
- Figure 5 shows a view looking along the x Axis and thus shows an end face 30 of the optical unit 10, which runs perpendicular to the rolling direction (x direction) and lies in a yz plane.
- the end face 30 can be referred to abstractly as S-shaped.
- the optical unit 10 has a lower section 32 which comprises the housing base 16.
- An upper section 34 of the optical unit 10 is arranged above the lower section 32 (ie above in the z direction).
- the lower section 32 has a first side wall 36 and a second side wall 38, which both run parallel to the roll direction (x-direction) and each lie in an xz-plane.
- the upper section 34 likewise has a first side wall 40 and a second side wall 42, which likewise both run parallel to the rolling direction (x-direction) and each lie in an x-z plane.
- the first side wall 36 of the lower section 32 and the first side wall 40 of the upper section 34 run parallel to one another and are offset from one another in the y direction by a certain distance d.
- the second side wall 38 of the lower section 32 and the second side wall 42 of the upper section 34 likewise run parallel to one another and are offset from one another in the y direction by the same distance d.
- the first side wall 36 of the lower section 32 and the first side wall 40 of the upper section 34 connect an inclined first connecting surface 44 which runs parallel to the roll direction (x-direction).
- the second side wall 38 of the lower section 32 and the second side wall 42 of the upper section 34 connect an inclined second connecting surface 24 which runs parallel to the roll direction (x-direction).
- the two connecting surfaces 44 and 24 are parallel to one another.
- the optical units 10 can be arranged next to one another in a row as follows, as shown in FIG.
- the first side wall 36 of the lower section 32 of a first optical unit 10 is respectively arranged adjacent to the second side wall 36 of the lower section 32 of an adjacent second optical unit 10.
- the first side wall 40 of the upper section 34 of the first optical unit 10 is also arranged adjacent to the second side wall 42 of the upper section 34 of the second optical unit 10.
- the connecting surfaces 44 and 24 of the adjacent optical units 10 are likewise arranged adjacent to one another.
- a distance between the adjacent surfaces (or walls) described above can be selected to be as small as possible, ie the respective surfaces can directly adjoin one another and possibly even touch one another, in order to facilitate insertion of the optical elements 10 in the x direction , but ideally a narrow air gap is provided between the respective surfaces.
- FIG. 6 shows a side view of a roller 18 of an optical unit 10, the optical unit 10 being in its end position.
- FIG. 6 shows, by way of example, only one of the three rollers 18 of the optical unit 10, the respectively associated grooves 26 of the other rollers 18 being designed to be comparable.
- FIG. 6 shows an end section of the groove 26 associated with the roller 18.
- the groove 26 has a depression 48 (in the z direction) at its end section. As shown in FIG. 6, the recess 48 can accommodate the roller 18 of the optical unit 10.
- the recess 48 is provided with respect to a bottom surface 50 of the groove 26. More precisely, the groove 26 already represents a "recess" by a depth tn with respect to a surface 52 of the receiving section 8 and the recess 48 forms a (further) recess with regard to the bottom surface 50 of the groove 26. With regard to the surface 52 of the receiving section 8, the Recess 48 has a depth tv which is greater than the depth tn.
- the roller 18 When, as shown in FIG. 6, the optical unit 10 is in its end position and the roller 18 is received by the recess 48, the roller 18 does not touch a bottom 54 of the recess 48. Figuratively speaking, the roller 18 hangs in the air. The reason for this is that a distance tr which the roller 18 protrudes from the housing base 16 is less than the depth tv of the depression. In this state, the housing base 16 rests on the surface 52 of the receiving section 8. Starting from this state, a certain initial force must be overcome in order to roll the optical unit 10 out of its recess again.
- An inclined transition surface 56 is provided between the bottom surface 50 of the groove 26 and the recess 48.
- the roller 18 can be rolled into the recess 48 and out again via this inclined transition surface 56.
- the transition area 56 can therefore also be referred to as a ramp. In the embodiment shown, it is an inclined plane.
- a single optical element 10 can be removed from its end position as follows. For this purpose, the screws 58 are first loosened. The optical element 10 can then be rolled over the receiving section 8 along the x direction. This enables lateral removal, even if the optical element 10 is enclosed on three sides by further optical elements 10. In an analogous manner, the optical element 10 can be pushed back into the gap after a repair or another optical element 10 without having to remove the adjacent optical elements 10.
- the technique described above thus presents an improved geometry for an optical element 10, so that it can be arranged on a receiving section 8 in a space-saving manner.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102019118408 | 2019-07-08 | ||
PCT/EP2020/068793 WO2021004926A1 (de) | 2019-07-08 | 2020-07-03 | Optische einheit und anlage zum herstellen eines dreidimensionalen werkstücks |
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EP20736680.8A Pending EP3996858A1 (de) | 2019-07-08 | 2020-07-03 | Optische einheit und anlage zum herstellen eines dreidimensionalen werkstücks |
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US (1) | US20220194002A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3996858A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP7362888B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN114174045A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2021004926A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB0816308D0 (en) | 2008-09-05 | 2008-10-15 | Mtt Technologies Ltd | Optical module |
US8666142B2 (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2014-03-04 | Global Filtration Systems | System and method for manufacturing |
EP2335848B1 (de) | 2009-12-04 | 2014-08-20 | SLM Solutions GmbH | Optische Bestrahlungseinheit für eine Anlage zur Herstellung von Werkstücken durch Bestrahlen von Pulverschichten mit Laserstrahlung |
CN102905905B (zh) * | 2010-03-18 | 2016-03-09 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 激光烧结设备和用于控制激光烧结设备的方法 |
US10625374B2 (en) | 2013-02-27 | 2020-04-21 | SLM Solutions Group AG | Method for producing work pieces having a tailored microstructure |
GB201310398D0 (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2013-07-24 | Renishaw Plc | Additive manufacturing apparatus and method |
EP3415254A1 (de) * | 2013-06-10 | 2018-12-19 | Renishaw PLC | Vorrichtung und verfahren für selektive lasererstarrung |
EP2878402A1 (de) | 2013-12-02 | 2015-06-03 | SLM Solutions Group AG | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung dreidimensionaler Werkstücke mit einer Strahlungsdetektionsvorrichtung |
ES2799123T3 (es) * | 2013-12-17 | 2020-12-14 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Sistema de impresión láser |
CN106111985A (zh) | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-16 | 吴小平 | 群扫描激光选择性烧结或固化方法及其3d成型机 |
CN106312325A (zh) | 2015-07-07 | 2017-01-11 | 王爱华 | 一种新型激光切割装置 |
EP3377253B1 (de) | 2015-11-16 | 2023-03-01 | Renishaw PLC | Modul für vorrichtung zur generativen fertigung |
DE102015119745A1 (de) * | 2015-11-16 | 2017-05-18 | Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur generativen Herstellung eines dreidimensionalen Objekts |
DE102016218887A1 (de) | 2016-09-29 | 2018-03-29 | SLM Solutions Group AG | Herstellen dreidimensionaler Werkstücke mittels einer Mehrzahl von Bestrahlungseinheiten |
JP6862193B2 (ja) * | 2017-01-25 | 2021-04-21 | キヤノン株式会社 | 三次元造形物の製造方法、および三次元造形装置 |
DE102017205027A1 (de) | 2017-03-24 | 2018-09-27 | SLM Solutions Group AG | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen von dreidimensionalen Werkstücken |
US11643366B2 (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2023-05-09 | University Of South Florida | Large area sintering test platform and associated method of use |
-
2020
- 2020-07-03 US US17/625,178 patent/US20220194002A1/en active Pending
- 2020-07-03 WO PCT/EP2020/068793 patent/WO2021004926A1/de unknown
- 2020-07-03 CN CN202080054220.6A patent/CN114174045A/zh active Pending
- 2020-07-03 EP EP20736680.8A patent/EP3996858A1/de active Pending
- 2020-07-03 JP JP2022500870A patent/JP7362888B2/ja active Active
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WO2021004926A1 (de) | 2021-01-14 |
JP7362888B2 (ja) | 2023-10-17 |
JP2022539863A (ja) | 2022-09-13 |
US20220194002A1 (en) | 2022-06-23 |
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