EP3994458A1 - Arylalkylamine, pyrrole, indole and opiate derivative concentration determination method and test kit using said method - Google Patents
Arylalkylamine, pyrrole, indole and opiate derivative concentration determination method and test kit using said methodInfo
- Publication number
- EP3994458A1 EP3994458A1 EP20743581.9A EP20743581A EP3994458A1 EP 3994458 A1 EP3994458 A1 EP 3994458A1 EP 20743581 A EP20743581 A EP 20743581A EP 3994458 A1 EP3994458 A1 EP 3994458A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reagent
- color
- indole
- concentration
- substances
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
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- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229940127240 opiate Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 150000003975 aryl alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/22—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using chemical indicators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/94—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving narcotics or drugs or pharmaceuticals, neurotransmitters or associated receptors
- G01N33/946—CNS-stimulants, e.g. cocaine, amphetamines
Definitions
- Arylalkylamine, pyrrole, indole and opiate derivative concentration determination method and test kit using this method The invention relates to an arylalkylamine, pyrrole, indole and opiate derivative concentration determination method and a test kit using this method for the exact determination of the presence and exact concentration of these substances (to which E.g. which belongs to psilocybin), which have an indole as a structural element and similarly structured substances with primary or secondary amines or pyrrole compounds.
- Mushrooms containing psilocybin are a group of psychoactive mushrooms that are also known as magic mushrooms or hallucinogenic mushrooms.
- WO 2019/073379 A1 discloses the large-scale production of psilocybin for use in medicine.
- it is a process for the production of highly pure crystalline psilocybin, in particular in the form of polymorph A. It also relates to a process for the production of psilocybin and intermediates in its production and psilocybin-containing formulations.
- WO 2018/135943 A1 discloses the use of one or more cannabinoids and / or terpenes in combination with psilocybin and / or psilocin for use in the prevention or treatment of mental or brain disorders.
- the one or more cannabinoids from the group cannabidiol (CBD); Cannabidioic acid (CBDA); Tetrahydrocannbidivarin (THCV); Tetrahydrocannbidivaric acid (THCVA); Cannabichromene (CBC); Cannabichromic acid (CBCA); Taken from cannabigerol (CBG) and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA).
- compositions and methods which comprise a psilocybin derivative.
- the compositions disclosed herein are used for a method of regulating a neurotransmitter receptor, e.g., a serotonin receptor.
- the compositions disclosed herein comprise purified compounds, e.g., a purified psilocybin derivative, a purified cannabinoid, or purified terpene.
- WO 2019/079742 A1 discloses methods and systems for increasing the safety of psychedelic drug therapies (e.g. 5-HT2A agonists such as LSD and psilocybin), e.g. as part of a complex therapy.
- psychedelic drug therapies e.g. 5-HT2A agonists such as LSD and psilocybin
- methods and systems for reducing the risk of psychosis, hypomania or mania in connection with psychedelic therapy are disclosed.
- dimethylaminobenzaldehyde is used as a Kovacs reagent for the detection of indole.
- This indole test is also suitable for the detection of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).
- the drug is mixed with a reagent solution made from Ehrlich's reagent, sulfuric acid and iron (III) chloride [Dibbem, HW, Rochelmeyer, H., Studies on the Van Urk's color reaction of beta-substituted indoles. Pharmaceutical Research 13 (1963) 7-16.]
- DE 29 35 881 C2 describes a device for detecting traces of marijuana.
- a color reaction to the marijuana ingredient (cannabis) is used as a detection reaction.
- the device consists of a cotton swab that is stored in a transparent plastic tube.
- the reagents required for the detection of cannabis are contained in separate reagent chambers of the plastic tube.
- the object to be examined or the person to be examined is wiped off with the cotton swab, traces of marijuana possibly accumulating in the cotton ball.
- This cotton ball is then dipped into the reagent solutions provided in the storage tube in the specified order.
- the detection reaction is based on a purely chemical reaction of the cannabis molecules with the reagents made available in the device at a defined pH value. If cannabis is present, a color reaction will appear in the last solution.
- EP 0 229 517 A1 a step for concentrating and cleaning the sample is connected upstream.
- the complex nature of the sample preparation and the conduct of the reaction in the detection reaction on the test paper make the detection method described in EP 0 229 517 A1 appear unsuitable for use "on site” and in particular for use by "laypersons".
- DE 101 11 224 A1 discloses a system for the improved detection of compounds of the ecstasy class in biological samples, new analogs of the ecstasy class being made available for the detection of such drugs.
- analogs are compounds, or salts thereof, of a 2-aminomethylenedioxyphenyl (MDP) derivative attached to Z, where Z is a component capable of being, either directly or indirectly, attached to an immunogenic carrier, detectable label, or to tie a solid capture vehicle.
- MDP 2-aminomethylenedioxyphenyl
- Such analogs can be used to construct immunogens, enzyme or enzyme donor conjugates, and other conjugates.
- the immunogens produce reproducible antibodies with an excellent ability to distinguish various ecstasy-class drugs from potentially interfering substances in biological samples.
- the specific antibodies and conjugates can be used to distinguish and measure various ecstasy-class compounds in biological samples such as those obtained from an individual suspected of substance abuse.
- DE 43 05 593 CI discloses a test system for the colorimetric detection of drugs, in particular of opium derivatives, cocaine and amphetamines.
- An easy-to-use test kit is provided, which reduces the disadvantages of known solutions with regard to possible hazards to the personnel charged with the test due to cuts, chemical burns and deflagrations as well as with regard to possible environmental pollution.
- the test system consists of an ampoule, a carrier material and a solution of a color reagent, the carrier material being non-porous and the weight ratio of carrier material to color reagent being within the limits of 100: 5 to 20. This results in a significant reduction in the proportions of reagents and solvents required.
- a simplified test system for this concentration determination is desirable in order to improve the previous knowledge, and it would be very good if this test system were also used to screen for other fungi that contain the active ingredient psilocybin that were not previously tested because they were considered poisonous or inedible.
- the active ingredient psilocybin has been discovered in over a hundred species of mushrooms around the world and new species are constantly being added.
- the extraction begins with the drying of the fruit bodies by means of freeze-drying, whereby larger fruit bodies can take several days to dry.
- the fruit bodies are ground to a fine powder with a mortar, and the active ingredient psilocybin is extracted by adding methanol while stirring continuously for several hours.
- the biomass of the fungus is then separated off using vacuum filtration. This step must be repeated at least three times so that all of the psilocybin is extracted with the methanol.
- the amount of psilocybin present can be compared using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a previous exact measurement of a laboratory standard.
- HPLC high-performance liquid chromatography
- the difficulty here is that psilocybin, as a very polar molecule, is difficult to separate with the standard C18 column material commonly used.
- Some optimization of the standard methods is required in order to achieve a meaningful separation of the different indole derivatives. This is necessary because individual peaks separated by baselines are always required for the calculation of the amount of active ingredient.
- a wide variety of calculations, including the measured laboratory standard must therefore be carried out in the evaluation in order to be able to deduce the amount of the substances present.
- the second possibility to obtain the content of derivatives from biological samples is the specific extraction and purification of these substances.
- the purified psilocybin obtained can be weighed from the defined amount from which the extraction was carried out.
- the analysis can be carried out not only by means of HPLC, but also using the
- Drug discovery is used. There is practically no possibility of determining the concentration of, for example, psilocybin in wild mushrooms outside of these structures. Another disadvantage is that there is currently no mobile rapid test for determining the concentration of pyrrole, phenylethylamine and indole derivatives.
- the concentration of pyrrole, phenylethylamine and indole derivatives varies greatly.
- different amounts of psilocybin can be formed in mushrooms depending on the season and each of the over one hundred species concentrations between 0.1% to 3% achieved. This means that if the specific species of the same genus is confused, there is a high risk of accidental overdosing.
- Another major disadvantage of the methods used so far is the lack of rapid tests for acute medical use. These would be very desirable, for example, for patients who are admitted for treatment with high levels of confusion and who are suspected of fungal poisoning or overdose.
- N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) -containing extracts from plants of the genus Psychotria, the indole derivatives of which are obtained from the leaves of the plant with unknown active ingredient content by cooking for several hours.
- DMT N, N-dimethyltryptamine
- DMT can be consumed as a pure substance or mixed with MAO inhibitors such as the Harman alkaloids (also a measurable derivative) to make a strong ritual brew called Ayahuasca.
- MAO inhibitors such as the Harman alkaloids (also a measurable derivative) to make a strong ritual brew called Ayahuasca.
- This drink is of great cultural importance in many indigenous cultures of the Amazon region and the ceremonial use of the mixture has enjoyed increasing global popularity, especially in the last decade.
- so-called Ayahuasca retreats by companies such as "Ayahuasca International" offer ceremonies worldwide, which, however, neither meet the standards of care and care for the people who go through the ceremony, nor can guarantee an estimate of the active ingredient content of the mixture.
- the object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an arylalkylamine, pyrrole, indole and opiate derivative concentration determination method as well as a test kit for determining the concentration of these substances, which provide rapid, low-cost, quantitative detection of indole derivatives, in particular of psilocybin, as well as pyrrole or arylalkylamine derivatives or opiate derivatives and thereby an exact determination of the presence and precise concentrations of various natural substances, such as psilocybin, which have an indole as a structural fragment, as well as similarly structured substances with primary or secondary amines or pyrrole compounds or Enable opiates in the quantitative rapid test.
- This two-stage concentration determination method begins with a defined extraction of the respective derivatives from the sample, which can be very diverse and is already known from the prior art.
- the extract obtained in this way is then subjected to a quantitative determination of the concentration of the respective active ingredient using colorimetric methods, which enables precise information on the active ingredient content present.
- test kit enables the concentration of psilocybin, psilocin, LSD, DMT and other indole derivatives, primary aromatic amines, especially tryptamines, such as
- Sumatriptan and phenylethylamines such as, for example, amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, oxilofrin, N-methylephedrine, N-ethylamphetamine, PMA, PMMA, methyl-MA, 2C-B, 2C-C, 2C-D, 2C-D, 2C-D -E, 2C-P, 2C-I, 2C-F, 2C-N, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-4, 2C-T-7, 2C-T-8, 2C-T-9, 2C -T-21, 2C-TFM, MDA, MDMA, MDEA, MDE, MMDA-3a, MMDA, mescaline (M), IM or TMPEA, pyrroles and similar substances by means of a single test method, which is fast, cost
- test kit can be produced in large numbers for a low price, which makes it possible to use it on a large scale in the "Safer Drug Use" scene within existing projects to minimize the risk of drug consumption, for later use in psychotherapy against depression by psychologists or alternative practitioners or ultimately also for private use by mushroom pickers or breeders.
- Fig. 1 a diagram of the absorption measurement (optical density / wavelength) for determining the absorption maximum of
- Determining the concentration of LSD and 5 a diagram of the optical densities of the dilution series of an amphetamine standard after staining by means of an embodiment of the method according to the invention for determining the concentration of amphetamine.
- the test procedure which is the basis for the test kit, comprises two steps to determine the concentration of arylalkylamine, pyrrole, indole and opiate derivatives, especially in the form of psilocybin, DMT, harmane alkaloids and their related derivatives, carbazoles and other substances with primary
- arylalkylamine, pyrrole, indole and opiate derivatives especially in the form of psilocybin, DMT, harmane alkaloids and their related derivatives, carbazoles and other substances with primary
- parent alkaloids or ergotamine as well as synthetically produced lysergic acid derivatives such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), drugs or substances with a similar structure.
- LSD lysergic acid diethylamide
- the test procedure can also be used for the detection of substances in which primary aromatic amines or similar substances are only formed as a result of a reaction such as in the preceding hydrolysis.
- the various substances listed can also be found in dried fruiting bodies, mycelia, sclerotia or other plant or animal materials, in body fluids such as urine or blood, in food, waste water or synthetic products of any origin.
- the test method also serves to be able to measure the concentration of bacterial cultures or other organisms which, for example, contain the enzyme tryptophanase and enables conclusions to be drawn about the concentration and growth of these bacteria.
- the two-stage test procedure for determining the concentration is individually adapted for each derivative, with the respective test kit containing the materials and instructions required for the extraction and the subsequent concentration determination.
- an extraction adapted to the respective active substance or the absorption of the active substance in a defined amount of water and / or organic solvent takes place, which, depending on the substance, requires an aqueous acidic solution or the use of an alcoholic solvent or other similar solvents. This is done according to the known prior art.
- the noise solution for this process includes, for example, the electrophilic 4- (N, N-dimethylamino) benzaldehyde (abbreviated: DMABA).
- DMABA electrophilic 4- (N, N-dimethylamino) benzaldehyde
- the larch solution contains, for example, the electrophilic 4- (N, N-dimethylamino) benzaldehyde (DMABA) in an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution for coloring psilocybin.
- DMABA electrophilic 4- (N, N-dimethylamino) benzaldehyde
- the DMABA can also be dissolved in other solvents or in powder form, or contain other additives such as other acids or solvents or metal ions such as Le 3+ .
- the selection is made according to the known prior art.
- the staining solution for this procedure comprises 4- (N, N-dimethylamino) benzaldehyde or, alternatively, the following reagents:
- -Marquis reagent which is classically used for the detection of various alkaloids, such as morphines or various phenylethylamine derivatives, and is based on the use of sulfuric acid and formaldehyde
- -Zwikker reagent which is used for the quantitative detection of mainly barbiturates and other active substances
- -Simon's reagent which is also mainly used for the detection of alkaloids with secondary amines and others and also has a linear color gradient and in combination with Mecke and Marquis are used to identify alkaloids
- -Folins reagent which is used to differentiate between MDMA and related compounds
- -Dille-Koppanyi reagent which is mainly used for the detection of barbiturates
- the reagents listed above showed different colorations with the substances to be examined quantitatively, which enables a good way of distinguishing the various substances to be tested, whereby substance mixtures can also be examined quantitatively in order to determine the different concentrations, since all of the reagents listed have a linear one
- the course of the concentration curves in the absorption measurements of the color reactions (shown by way of example in Figures 2 to 5), so that these reagents, which have been known for a long time, are also used for determining the active ingredient concentration by means of the method for indole alkaloids, phenylethylamines and other compounds and for colorimetric determination of active ingredient concentrations for use in the test kits can be used.
- the color change observed in psilocybin / psilocin can be described, for example, as violet to bluish in higher concentrations, whereas the discoloration of DMT can be observed, for example, from yellow to green in higher concentrations.
- the color of LSD together with the coloring solution can be described as brownish.
- the specific optimal incubation temperatures of the individual reagents are contained in the user instructions enclosed with the respective test kits.
- the use of latent heat storage or the simple use of batteries or rechargeable batteries for generating the required heat and other possible heat sources are advisable.
- the coloration in the second reaction step has a linear range within which an exact determination of the concentration of the active ingredient (pyrrole, phenylethylamine and indole derivatives, opiates, cannabinoids) is possible.
- the exact active ingredient content is compared and determined in the method based on a comparison of the color intensities with a determined color spectrum of an exact dilution series and the associated active ingredient contents.
- This optical comparison during the second process step allows a quick and direct determination of the concentration of the examined sample.
- the necessary evaluation of the test result can be compared with the color reaction of a pH test strip and the reading of the pH value on a color scale.
- This evaluation of the test procedure for measuring the concentration of a wide variety of substances can, however, also be measured using technical auxiliary equipment or other methods such as a spectrophotometer analysis, and thus allows an even more precise determination of the concentration for values that lie exactly between 2 colors in the color scale.
- the pure optical evaluation which is possible with the human eye using a color scale, is improved with the aid of a modern camera cell phone (smartphone) by means of an exact color determination by the cell phone's camera.
- APP application software
- the entire test kit includes the “single-use kits” as a single-use system or the “multiple-use kits” as a reusable system, as well as user instructions, whereby the handling of the test kit and the indication of the active ingredient-specific optimal incubation temperatures are included in the enclosed user instructions.
- Dried fruit bodies of mushrooms of the genus Psilocybe are crushed to a fine powder using a mortar, mixer or other means and a defined amount of 1 g is provided using a balance or other suitable measuring device.
- the biomass is placed in a suitable vessel such as a 100 ml sample beaker and the 5% citric acid supplied is sprinkled over it and incubated for a short time at room temperature
- the sample cup is filled with 50 ml of distilled water and the extraction is carried out with vigorous shaking.
- a filtration is recommended, which can be achieved, for example, by an attached syringe filter, but is not absolutely necessary.
- incubation takes place with 3 ml detection solution in which a defined amount of 40 mg / ml p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (4- (CH 3 ) 2 NC 6 H 4 CHO) is in an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution.
- p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde 4- (CH 3 ) 2 NC 6 H 4 CHO
- This leads to a reaction with the p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and an intense blue-violet discoloration, depending on the additives used in the coloring solution and the existing concentration of the ingredients.
- the absorption measurement is shown in FIG. 1 and shows a maximum absorption of 550 nm, which corresponds to the observed color.
- a dilution series is made from an authentic psilocybin standard, which is also incubated with the staining solution already described and measured at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the result of the very linear color reaction is shown in Fig. 2 and forms the basis for a quantitative determination of the concentration.
- Different dilution levels and their observed color gradients serve as the basis for a colorimetric determination of unknown psilocybin concentrations, as in the above example described.
- a comparison of the color gradients can be used to determine the exact concentration of psilocybin and thus the active ingredient content in the mushrooms.
- DMT is usually acquired by consumers as a light-colored crystalline or powdery substance. This is mostly the product of a simple extraction of DMT-containing plants such as Psychotria viridis.
- 10 mg of the substance are weighed and dissolved using 1 ml of acidic water (4% HCl solution in double-distilled water).
- acidic water 4% HCl solution in double-distilled water.
- staining solution with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, the color reaction takes place with an incubation at 50 degrees for 15 minutes. The maximum absorption of the resulting color reaction at 472 nm was determined by subsequent measurements.
- the absorptions obtained can now be compared or the resulting color can be compared colorimetrically with the colorations of an authentic standard series. This comes from a standard from which a dilution series was created and examined with regard to a linear color gradient. The results can be seen in FIG. 3 and also show a linear color gradient for DMT, which forms the basis for a colorimetric determination of the concentration.
- the measured absorption or the observed color gradient of the sample can also be assigned to the concentration already known by means of the best-fit straight line.
- Amphetamine is commonly purchased by consumers as a light-colored crystalline or powdered substance. To test how much active ingredient is present in this powder, 10 mg of the substance are removed and dissolved using 1 ml of ethanol. By adding 3 ml of staining solution with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, the color reaction takes place with an incubation at 50 degrees for 15 minutes. The maximum absorption at 510 nm was determined by a subsequent measurement. The absorption value obtained at 510 nm or the resulting color can now be compared colorimetrically with the colorations of an authentic standard series. A dilution series was prepared from the standard in advance and examined with regard to its linear color gradient.
- results can be seen in FIG. 5 and also show a linear color gradient for amphetamine, which forms the basis for a colorimetric determination of the concentration.
- the measured absorption or the observed color gradient of the sample can also be assigned to the concentration already known by means of the best-fit straight line. It can be seen that the concentration of Phenylethylamine derivatives such as amphetamine and many other examples, not shown, can be carried out with high sensitivity and simple methods using colorimetric methods.
- the procedure and the test kit enable the measurement of the
- pyrrole and indole derivatives such as psilocybin, N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), other active ingredients such as 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and similar indole alkaloids, 5-MeO- DIPT, 5-MeO-MIPT, 5-MeO-AMT, 4-AcO-DMT, 2C-D, 2C-E, 2C-I, 2C-P and DXM, the Harman alkaloids and other derivatives, carbazoles, cannabinoids, opiates and other substances with primary or secondary amines, parent alkaloids and ergotamine, as well as synthetically produced lysergic acid derivatives, such as. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), medicinal substances, other semi or fully synthetic products or
- Substances with a similar structure are widespread and can occur in dried fruit bodies, mycelia, sclerotia or other plant or animal materials, in body fluids such as urine or others, in food or other products of synthetic origin.
- the detection reaction can also be used in order to be able to measure the concentration of bacterial cultures or the like which contain tryptophanase, for example.
- Dilution series with Marquis reagent also showed a linear color gradient. The Marquis reagent colors DMT linear brownish / yellow. To do this, 250 ml of 37% formaldehyde were added to 5 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid.
- DMT and psilocybin are in an aqueous 3.5% HCL solution and have been mixed with the same amount of Marquis reagent. In the last row 3 times the amount of reagent was used, which showed a stronger color.
- the Marquis Test also shows linear color gradients measured at 450 nm and can therefore be used for colorimetric determination. As a result, other color tests such as Mecke, Simon, Liebermann, Folin, Zwikker Mandelin, Fröde and many more were examined and confirmed for their linearity.
- the method and the test kit are used for the detection of substances in which primary aromatic amines or similar substances arise only through a preceding hydrolysis, which can be detected with this test method.
- the concentration is determined by a simple color reaction, which can be evaluated purely optically by means of colorimetry or with the aid of measuring devices.
- test kit for the above-mentioned derivatives can, if necessary, take place with the supply of heat, which enables the concentration to be determined independently of outside temperatures or an additional power source by means of an external heat source.
- test kit is designed instead of the closed vessel, bag or other cavities in the form of test strips with an applied color reagent, which advantageously contains 4- (N, N-dimethylamino) benzaldehyde, Marquis reagent, Mecke reagent, Zwikker reagent, Simon's reagent, Mandelin reagent, Liebermann reagent, Fröhde reagent, Folins reagent, Dille-Koppanyi reagent, Scott reagent or Duquenois-Levine reagent, (whereby the test strip can be obtained according to the prior art for the production of test strips ), which can be immersed directly in liquids, whereupon a simple and uncomplicated concentration determination according to the
- Valuation is handled.
- the provision of a rapid test kit for single use, in which the required solvent is already contained in a bag or similar storage item, and in which the respective sample must subsequently be added, enables easy handling by the user, who can even be a layperson.
- the detection solution is added manually or, as an alternative, is already in a breakable ampoule or a similar vessel in which the color reagent, preferably 4- (N, N-dimethylaminojbenzaldehyde, Marquis reagent, Mecke reagent,
- Zwikker reagent Simon's reagent, Mandelin reagent, Liebermann reagent, Fröhde reagent, Folins reagent, Dille-Koppanyi reagent, Scott reagent or Duquenois-Levine reagent is located, and releases the color reaction by simply adding or breaking or similar of the storage vessel.
- the method and the test kit for the precise determination of the concentration of the substances mentioned above can be used in a micro-dosing area, e.g. in the form of a psilocybin microdosing kit, by means of which the required dose of 2-3 mg exactly to the e.g.
- the amount of fungus used can be extrapolated, whereby the extraction solution produced, consisting of water and citric acid, can be used safely in order to achieve a targeted dosage.
- the procedure and kit allow:
- the provision of the single-use test kit which already contains the required solutions in different cavities for the method and to which only the substance to be tested has to be added, also enables very simple, low-effort handling, even by non-specialists such as patients and end users.
- Possible areas of application of the method and the test kit include doping tests, tests of incapacity to drive, poisonous mushroom selections as well as substance and environmental monitoring.
- the method and the test kit can also be used for the quantitative analysis of unknown street drugs in tablet form, such as ecstasy, which are often filled or stretched. Due to various stretching or filling substances, neither illegal drugs available on the black market nor legal, industrially manufactured drugs in tablet form can be detected using common colorimetric methods, since, for example, the sugar or starch (common fillers) contained react with the detection reagents or components of these excessively colored compounds and thus cover the color of the actual active ingredient.
- the mentioned fillers sugar and starch react, for example, with the sulfuric acid of the detection reagent to a brown color and the actual purple color of MDMA is covered by the brown color. This can be easily demonstrated experimentally, as shown below:
- 0.05 mg MDMA in 100 ⁇ l aqueous solution turns into a strong purple color when 200 ⁇ l of a mixture of 20: 1 concentrated 97% sulfuric acid and 40% formaldehyde is added. If only the 0.10 mg strength is added, the mixture turns a brown shade when treated with the mentioned detection reagent and thus hides the actually intended color reaction and makes evaluation impossible.
- the possible case of a fatal admixture is, for example, the substance PMMA (para-methoxy-N-methylamphetamine) in MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine), also known as ecstasy.
- PMMA para-methoxy-N-methylamphetamine
- MDMA 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine
- the method enables the removal of unwanted fillers and the determination of the concentration of different active ingredients for a wide range of active ingredients with a set of color reagents without the use of, for example, expensive and only very specific antibodies.
- active ingredient contents of mixtures can also be analyzed quantitatively very easily and without specialist knowledge without using thin-layer chromatography.
- Phenylethylamines in the following example show the detection of common extenders such as amphetamine or 2C-B by means of a second color especially for these substances.
- a combination of several color reagents is also used and enables the detection of, for example, fentanyl in heroin.
- these active ingredients however, the necessary removal of fillers before the actual coloring of the expected active ingredient remains the same, and this is made possible by removing these before the actual coloring by means of the mixture of the color reagent 1: 1 with chloroform. The actual coloring is not affected by this treatment.
- Embodiment 6 Embodiment 6
- Two detection solutions are prepared for the determination of the active substances present.
- the weighed substance is added to 5 ml of 5% citric acid in a sealable vessel and dissolved by shaking briefly.
- the color in the lower colored phase is compared using the comparison colors available.
- the color can be evaluated using a spectrophotometer or APP and a direct conclusion can be drawn about the concentration present using a calibration line.
- Unwanted fillers which could influence the color, are in the clear, uncolored phase and thus do not hinder the detection of MDMA, so that a clear purple color is shown in the test and the concentration of the active ingredient can be determined by this color.
- a further 100 ml drop of the already weighed and dissolved substance is added to a "negative color" in the second detection solution, which contains 1 g of sodium nitroprusside and 2 ml of acetone in 50 ml.
- a glass vial which contains 300 ml of chloroform and 200 ml of a 2% sodium carbonate solution.
- the strength of this color can also be used to determine how much Extender is present in this sample, which for the first time provides the user with "vital" information on the content of his sample.
- Extenders can now be identified by means of the color and the concentration of these extenders can also be determined on the basis of the intensity of the resulting color. With the information available, dangerous overdoses with undesired mixed samples can be prevented, which for example can be significantly more potent than MDMA and which are usually added to illegal black market drugs without the knowledge of the subsequent users.
- This application example illustrates the first-time possibility of not only detecting substances that are stretched or mixed in any form by means of colorimetry, but even determining their concentration.
- the method can remove unwanted fillers, such as sugar and starch, and at the same time test for different active ingredients and their concentration.
- DMT is usually smoked in powder form by consumers and is extracted from leaves of the plant Psychotria viridis, for example.
- the batch is shaken several times and you can see two phases, one of which is clear and the other is colored depending on the active ingredient contained.
- Psilocybin appears as a brown color and DMT as a yellowish color. It is also possible to identify completely different active ingredients, such as, for example, synthetic variants, which are immediately noticeable due to a changed color.
- Possible stretchers and fillers such as in this case the indole alkaloids, which are extracted from natural substances, are mostly still cleaning residues that collect in the clear, uncolored chloroform layer and do not affect the color in the aqueous acidic phase.
- tropane alkaloids such as cocaine
- 20 mg of the present powdery substance are weighed out and dissolved in a vessel with 5 ml of distilled water by shaking. 100 ml are removed from this solution and added to the improved detection solution in a second vessel. 50 ml of this detection solution contains 1: 1 5 g potassium nitrite in concentrated 97% sulfuric acid and 99% chloroform. From the detection solution lie 500 m ⁇ in a vessel in front of which the 100 m ⁇ of cocaine solution is added. There are again two phases, one of which contains colored cocaine and a phase in which there are possible fillers. The active ingredient content of cocaine can be read off from the intensity of the yellow color in the colored lower phase (using the evaluation options already described).
- a second detection solution is the use of cobalt (II) thiocyanate.
- the weighed substance is dissolved in dist.
- Dissolved water which, due to the cobalt (II) thiocyanate it contains, turns blue in the presence of cocaine.
- 100 ml of the solution are now added to a second vessel with 1: 1 10% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and chloroform, a pink coloration with a blue phase in the upper area results. Since cocaine is almost always in stretched form, it is necessary to purify the unwanted fillers in order to quantify the cocaine concentration. If extenders such as levamisole are added to the cocaine, they are immediately noticeable in the first dyeing method through an orange coloration of the colored phase and can also be quantified by the intensity of the coloration using the evaluation methods described.
- opiates such as heroin, morphine or fentanyl
- 20 mg of the present substance are weighed out and dissolved in a vessel with 5 ml of distilled water by shaking.
- 50 ml of this detection solution contains 4: 1: 5 (62% HN0 3 : H 2 0: CHC1 3 ).
- 500 ml of the detection solution are in a vessel to which 100 ml of the opiate solution taken up is added.
- Two phases are created again, one of which contains the colored active ingredient and a clear phase in which there are possible fillers.
- the active ingredient content of heroin for example, can be determined by the intensity of the The resulting yellow color in the colored lower phase can be read (using the evaluation options already described).
- test will turn reddish in color.
- extender fentanyl a synthetic opiate which is lethal at a dose of just a few milligrams.
- the already prepared heroin solution can be added to a second detection solution.
- 400 ml of chloroform is given in a 1.5 ml glass vessel with a screw cap. Added to this are 10 m ⁇ formaldehyde and 390 m ⁇ concentrated 96% sulfuric acid.
- Fentanyl can immediately be distinguished by its orange color from the light yellow of heroin or the red color from morphine. Since heroin is almost always available in stretched form, it is necessary to purify the unwanted fillers in order to quantify the heroin. If additives, such as fentanyl, are added to the heroin, they are noticeable in a second color and can also be quantified by the intensity of the color using the evaluation methods described.
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US4196167A (en) | 1978-12-26 | 1980-04-01 | California Medical Developments, Inc. | Drug detection device |
US4752448A (en) | 1985-12-18 | 1988-06-21 | Keystone Diagnostics, Inc. | Drug abuse test paper |
DE4305593C1 (en) | 1993-02-24 | 1994-05-26 | Ruediger Dipl Chem Dr R Bitter | Drug detection test system - comprises ampoule contg. colour indicator and fine non-porous carrier particles |
DE19830405C2 (en) * | 1998-07-08 | 2000-09-21 | Draeger Sicherheitstech Gmbh | Test strips for immunochemical substance detection |
GB2361473C (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2005-06-28 | Microgenics Corp | Ecstasy-class analogs and use of same in detection of ecstasy-class compounds |
CA2698559A1 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2009-03-05 | Mistral Detection Ltd. | A reagent, a kit, and a method for detecting and identifying a wide range of illicit drugs |
US9028758B2 (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2015-05-12 | Explodet Technologies Ltd. | Substance detector with cyclone |
US9915616B2 (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2018-03-13 | Fgroupip1, Llc | Method to identify chemical compounds using colorimetric spot tests |
CA2941081C (en) * | 2013-03-01 | 2024-06-18 | Compassionate Analytics Inc. | Methods for cannabinoid quantification |
NL2018190B1 (en) | 2017-01-18 | 2018-07-26 | Procare Beheer B V | Psilocybin or psilocin in combination with cannabinoid |
WO2018148605A1 (en) | 2017-02-09 | 2018-08-16 | CaaMTech, LLC | Compositions and methods comprising a psilocybin derivative |
GB2571696B (en) | 2017-10-09 | 2020-05-27 | Compass Pathways Ltd | Large scale method for the preparation of Psilocybin and formulations of Psilocybin so produced |
CA3079560A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 | 2019-04-25 | Eleusis Benefit Corporation, Pbc | Methods and systems for enhancing safety of psychedelic drug therapies |
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