EP3993844A1 - Implantat und verfahren zu dessen herstellung - Google Patents
Implantat und verfahren zu dessen herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3993844A1 EP3993844A1 EP20736674.1A EP20736674A EP3993844A1 EP 3993844 A1 EP3993844 A1 EP 3993844A1 EP 20736674 A EP20736674 A EP 20736674A EP 3993844 A1 EP3993844 A1 EP 3993844A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- matrix
- implant
- volume
- bone
- implant according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
- A61L27/30—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/32—Phosphorus-containing materials, e.g. apatite
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/28—Materials for coating prostheses
- A61L27/34—Macromolecular materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/40—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
- A61L27/42—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having an inorganic matrix
- A61L27/425—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having an inorganic matrix of phosphorus containing material, e.g. apatite
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/40—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
- A61L27/44—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/52—Hydrogels or hydrocolloids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/54—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an implant comprising at least one surface with a multiplicity of openings, the openings causing a high receiving volume and this volume being partially filled with a matrix which in turn is loaded with an active substance.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing an implant according to the invention.
- the uptake and subsequent delayed release of single or multiple liquid, viscous, powdery substances dissolved or suspended in solvents in the surface boundary layer of an implant requires a surface structure that can absorb the substances.
- substances such as antibiotics or other antibacterial active ingredients or organisms (e.g. phages) as well as with other active ingredients (chemical or biological nature such as proteins, peptides or nucleic acids), z.
- implant-associated infections can be contained and treated more effectively at the point of origin. Surfaces in which several active substances or substances are stored have proven to be particularly efficient, as these provide a broader range of active substances.
- a successive release of different active ingredients for example the release of bacteriophages in combination with a delayed release of antibiotics, has clear advantages in the treatment of infections.
- Bacteriophages are viruses that show rapid action against specific bacteria without harming the patient. Resistance to phages is not known.
- the delayed release of an antibiotic then has a prophylactic effect against non-specific postoperative infections.
- Such a release mechanism enables infections to be fought in a targeted manner and at the same time the amount of antibiotics used is optimally available locally. This avoids the development of resistance and side effects. If this release occurs with synergistic metals such as silver or tungsten, the effect of the antibiotic can be increased by several potencies.
- bone morphogenetic proteins represents a further possibility for using the storage properties, which in combination with stored bone substitute materials such as tricalcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite allow optimal use of the hardened microstructured surface for connection to the bone.
- swelling substances such as alginates or hydrogels, the aforementioned substances, can fill the bone gap between the implant and the bone and represent an optimal basis for growing in / anchoring the implant.
- the production or deposition of special storable layers on, in particular, metallic material surfaces can take place by means of different methods. The aim of these methods can be to create different sizes or density distributions of pores / cavities on a surface. For this purpose, pores can have a tapering opening diameter (e.g. a cone). Different substances can be separated due to their viscosity or primary particle size within the different pore sizes or by different pore diameters.
- the absorption capacity and delivery speed are in turn influenced by the viscosity, pore geometry and layer thickness.
- Structured and storable surfaces on metallic materials can already be created during the manufacturing process of the substrate using special embossing, rolling or etching processes.
- pores can subsequently be created by depositing a coating or by removing material or by changing the structure of the boundary layer from the material itself.
- coating processes mean a phase jump in physical properties or uncontrolled inhomogeneous pore formation.
- Coating materials can produce pore structures by means of thermal spraying processes (e.g. flame or arc spraying). Depending on the coating material and parameters, layers with a porosity between 3% and 15% with different pore sizes can be produced in this way.
- Other structural shapes cannot be produced using thermal spraying processes. Since these techniques typically lead to significant thermal inputs into the substrate, they are not suitable for temperature-sensitive materials. There may be smaller pores within the large pores.
- Another method is the sol-gel process.
- immersion brines can be produced which produce a porous layer with a porosity of 50% to 85% on the substrate (cf. S. Van Bael, G . Kerckhofs, M. Moesen, G. Pyka, J. Schrooten, and JP Kruth, “Micro-CT-based improvement of geometrical and mechanical controllability of selective laser melted Ti6AI4V porous structures”, Mater. Sei. Eng. A, Vol. 528, No. 24, pp. 7423-7431, Sep. 2011).
- a general limitation with coatings is that there must be a good layer connection to the material, especially with mechanical loads.
- structures that are created directly from the base material and additives prove to be advantageous.
- the anodizing process is also known for aluminum or aluminum alloys. Electrolytic oxidation converts the top metal layers into an open-pore oxide or hydroxide. The pores can be closed by subsequent compression, for example in hot steam or water.
- the use of the anodizing process is limited to aluminum. Structured surfaces, which may be suitable for the absorption of pasty substances, can also be produced by certain wet-chemical pickling processes. However, the structures typically do not have a regular shape. The process is also strictly limited to the respective substrate materials (eg aluminum alloys).
- US2008216926 describes the production of nanostructures by means of a femtosecond laser. For the storage and release of substances or active ingredients, however, a nanostructured surface has proven to be insufficient.
- WO10130528 describes the production of microstructures by repeated treatment with a pulsed laser in the picosecond range. The method enables the creation of pores with reduced pore opening diameters (“keyholes”) or with partial overhangs at the pore opening. Structures of this kind can be used for medical implants (improved growth behavior and strength) or mechanical clasping in adhesive connections. With regard to the storage volume that can be generated, however, there are still wishes open.
- US2016059353 describes a method for the production of micropores by a laser treatment below the material-specific ablation threshold (necessary energy density for material removal). The laser treatment continues (more than 1000 or 2000 times) until the pore structure is created. This type of process management leads to a low area performance of the treatment. There is no specific definition of a laser type. Treatment below the ablation threshold, however, means that only weakly pronounced structures with shallow structure depths can form (lack of material removal). Accordingly, they only have a low storage capacity for liquid or pasty media.
- CN105798454 describes a structure for treating surfaces with nanosecond lasers to generate cracks in the area near the surface.
- Van Bael describes the creation of pores of different sizes in bone cements. These should be able to absorb and release antibiotics close to the surface.
- the documents described above in the laser sector mainly relate to lasers with ultra-short pulses in the picosecond or femtosecond range. These systems can be used to create defined structures without any significant thermal input on the surrounding material. Disadvantages are the comparatively high investment costs and the low realizable area rate. In addition, layers close to the surface and heavily structured, which were produced from a metallic base material, typically have only low mechanical resistance.
- the object of the present invention to provide an implant which, due to its structure, is not only able to absorb relatively large amounts of active ingredient, but that can also ensure a differentiated release of active ingredients.
- the corresponding implant should preferably be able to be produced with relatively few work steps and, if possible, be accessible to the implant surface without complex coating processes.
- an implant comprising a plurality of openings on at least one surface, the openings causing a receiving volume of> 0.1 pL / cm 2 , preferably> 1 pL / cm 2 , particularly preferably> 5 pL / cm 2 and where the receiving volume is 1 to 95% by volume, preferably 20 to 40% by volume, filled with a matrix and the matrix is loaded with at least one active ingredient.
- the wording that the “openings require a receiving volume” means, in connection with the present invention, that the respective openings make the said receiving volume accessible, for example for filling processes.
- This receiving volume is defined by the depressions in the surface.
- An active ingredient within the meaning of the present invention is a substance which is intended for use in or on the human or animal body and is intended as a means with properties for healing or alleviating or preventing human or animal diseases or pathological complaints or which is in or on the human or applied to the animal's body or administered to a human or animal can either to restore, correct or influence the physiological functions through a pharmacological, immunological or metabolic action.
- An active ingredient in the context of the present invention is in particular a substance which, after the implantation of the implant, brings about a (targeted and intended) physiological effect, preferably for better tolerance of the implant in the body.
- a matrix is at least one substance in which at least one active ingredient can be dissolved and / or suspended and / or in particular an open-pored organic or inorganic network which, in the present case, fills part of the receiving volume.
- the matrix is preferably able to chemically or physically bind active substances in the context of the present invention to its material surface (that is also to the surface of pores or channels). It is of course preferred that this bond be released again under physiological conditions, that is to say the conditions under which the respective implant is implanted in the body.
- the matrix is preferably not an active ingredient for the purposes of this invention, that is to say in particular not an antibiotic (preferably gentamicin, meropenem, imipenem, ceftriaxone, cefepime, vancomycin, teicoplanin, clindamycin, spiramycin, piperacillin, amoxicillin, flucymloxacillin, penicillin B, policillin G, polycillin , Levofloxacin, sulfadiazine, minocycline, rifampicin, tazobactam), no cytostatic, no immunotherapeutic (especially monoclonal antibody, fusion protein, soluble cytokine receptor, recombinant cytokine, small molecule mimetic), no cartilage, no blood cells and no cells, no cells; no cartilage tissue, no precursor cells, no bone cells (especially osteocytes, osteoblasts), no skin cells, no antimicrobial peptides or proteins (especially collagen), no bone morphogen
- the implant according to the invention has the advantage that, on the one hand, it has a relatively high intake volume, but on the other hand, the presence of a matrix within this intake volume allows the release behavior of the active substance to be adjusted in a targeted manner.
- the correspondingly high receiving volume can be generated particularly well by the method according to the invention described below.
- the measurement of the uptake volume and the matrix volume takes place on the basis of sections of the sample.
- Step 1 First, the sample is embedded, e.g. using an investment material, often a reactive casting resin, so that the wells and the filled matrix can be prepared without damage.
- an investment material often a reactive casting resin
- Step 2 In order to exclude symmetry-related artifacts when determining the uptake volume and the matrix volume on the substrate surface, p (n) sections of the sample are made, the sections being at an angle of 1807 p (n) to one another.
- p (n) is a prime number from the sequence of prime numbers with n> 4. With 7 cuts, the cuts would be at an angle of ⁇ 25.7 ° to each other.
- the cut surfaces are polished for better microscopic evaluation. Each cut at a certain angle must preferably have at least 20 openings. If necessary, several cuts can be made on a substrate at the same angle for this.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic drawing of the surface structure with a matrix of an implant according to the invention.
- the reference symbols have the following meaning:
- FIG. 1 it can be seen that, if there is an opening at the point to be examined, a circle with a radius of 3 mm is graphically inserted over this opening so that this circle is exactly twice (once on each side of the opening. tion) touches the implant according to the invention (contact points A1).
- the secant (Sei) running through these two points of contact then represents the plane of contact for the respective opening and thus the limitation of the receiving volume to the outside for the determination of the receiving volume.
- the connection of the individual contact points A1 along the secants Sei lying between the adjacent contact points A1 results in the enveloping E1, which thus defines the entire contact plane and the delimitation of the receiving volume.
- V1 represents the depth of the respective structure; this is the vertical line below the envelope of the respective depression structure that has the longest stretch.
- Step 3 The evaluation of the sections provides the sum of the area (in pm 2 ) of the depressions below the contact plane, along the envelope egg. Furthermore, the sum of the area of the matrix below the contact planes along the envelope is determined on the cuts. If microscopic images do not provide sufficient contrast, EDX (EDX: energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) images can be used, for example. If the cuts are made obliquely into the substrate, that is to say that the cutting plane does not lie in the plane parallel to the normal to the surface of the plane of contact, must the cutting planes are viewed in such a way that they provide a projection onto the plane that is parallel to the surface normal of the plane of contact.
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- Step 4 From the quotient of the area of the depressions Av divided by the length of the envelope L, converting the units results in the equivalent numerical value of the receiving volume per area, which is equivalent to the mean depression ⁇ l> per area or per length.
- Matrix volume / area [m 3 / m 2 ] AM / L [m 2 / m]
- the smallest and the largest measured value are discarded.
- the mean value of the filling volumes and the mean value of the matrix volumes are determined from the remaining five measured values.
- the matrix volume fraction results from the ratio of the matrix volume to the recording volume.
- the filling volume results from the subtraction of the matrix volume from the receiving volume.
- step 1 the measurement is repeated from step 1 with the next higher prime number p (n + 1) from the prime number sequence, for example 11 sections at an angle of 180 ° divided p (n + 1) or by 11. If the deviation of the determined filling volume per area (in L / cm 2 ) or the matrix filling proportion (in%) with p (n) and p (n + 1) sections, e.g. 7 sections and 11 sections, is greater than 15% apart, the measurement is repeated with a greater number of cuts. If the measurement deviation of the mean values from the n + 1 and n + 2 sections is below 15%, these measurement results are used to determine the well volumes per area and the matrix volume parts.
- the implant according to the invention has a multiplicity of openings in the area of the surface, these openings causing a depth of> 5 ⁇ m, preferably> 50 ⁇ m and particularly preferably> 100 ⁇ m. How the depth (under the openings) is measured can be seen from the description given above. This depth ensures that a large receiving volume is available, which also means that there is sufficient space for the matrix and also for a matrix-free space, the filling volume.
- the uptake volume is 1 to 95% by volume, preferably 15 to 60% by volume, and particularly preferably 20 to 40% by volume, filled with the matrix.
- the matrix comprises or consists of a material selected from the group consisting of hydrogel; Oleogel; Emulsion gel; Thermogel; Alginate; (Poly) sugar; Polylactite; Hyaluronic acid; Heparin; Protein especially collagen; Titanium dioxide; Zinc oxide; Silver oxide; Fat especially palmitate; Silicon dioxide; Plasma polymer comprising silicon and / or carbon; Peptide; Nucleic acid; Lipid; Lignin; Silicone; Bone substitute material; in particular human bones, bone material obtained from animal or vegetable material, synthetic bone materials such as PMMA, bioactive glass; Calcium carbonate; Calcium sulfate; Tricalcium phosphate; Tryglyceride; Hydroxyapatite; Glass ceramic; Chitosan; Strength; Polyurethane; Muc
- an implant in which the active ingredient loading the matrix is selected from the group consisting of antibiotics (preferably gentamicin, meropenem, imipenem, ceftriaxone, cefepime, vancomycin, teicoplanin, clindamycin, spiramycin, piperacillin, amoxicillin, flucloxacillin, G , Polymyxin B, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sulfadiazine, minocycline, rifampicin, tazobactam; cytostatic; immunotherapeutic, in particular monoclonal antibodies, fusion protein, soluble cytokine receptor, recombinant cytokine, small molecule cells, tissue precursors and cartilage cells; , Bone cell, in particular osteocyte, osteoblast; skin cell; antimicrobial peptide, protein, in particular collagen; bone morphogenetic protein such as BMP1, BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, BMP5,
- the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of bone morphogenetic protein, blood product, cell (tissue and in particular cartilage cell, precursor cell, bone cell and phage.
- An implant according to the invention is preferred in the present invention, the implant comprising a second active ingredient in the depressions.
- the second active ingredient is not bound to the matrix, that is to say that the matrix is not loaded with this second active ingredient.
- This configuration makes it possible to set up an interaction between two active ingredients.
- the second active substance under the condition of the implanted state of the implant, has a higher release rate than the active substance bound to the matrix.
- those active ingredients as the second active ingredient in which they are to develop their effects immediately after implantation, for example anti-inflammatory active ingredients, while the active ingredients bound to the matrix (the active ingredients with which the Matrix is loaded) a later release should develop, for example to promote the ingrowth process.
- a suitable configuration of the matrix it is even possible that active substances which would hinder each other in their respective effectiveness are released one after the other in such a way that precisely this undesirable effect does not occur.
- the second active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of antibiotics (preferably gentamicin, meropenem, imipe nem, ceftriaxone, cefepime, vancomycin, teicoplanin, clindamycin, spiramycin, piperacillin, amoxicillin, flucloxacillin, penicillin G, polymyxin B, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sulfadiazine, minocycline, rifampicin, tazobactam; cytostatic; immunotherapeutic, in particular monoclonal antibody, fusion protein, soluble cytokine receptor, recombinant cytokine; blood products; blood products; blood products; Cartilage tissue, precursor cells, bone cells, especially osteocytes, osteoblasts; skin cells; antimicrobial peptide, protein, especially collagen; bone morphogenetic protein such as BMP1, BMP2, BMP3, BMP4, BMP5, BMP
- the second active ingredient is selected from the group of antibiotics, antiseptics, metal compounds, cytostatics; Immunotherapeutics.
- the second active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of phage, virus, fungus and cell.
- An implant according to the invention is preferred, the surface with a large number of openings consisting of a material selected from the group consisting of titanium or titanium alloys, titanium-nickel alloys, stainless steel, magnesium, steel, magnesium or magnesium alloys, polymers, in particular PTFE, PET, PMMA, PE, PEEK, PEKK, PEAK, Teflon, fiber composite materials and bone material and preferably the material is the same as the basic material of the implant or from which the basic material of the implant was created.
- a material selected from the group consisting of titanium or titanium alloys, titanium-nickel alloys, stainless steel, magnesium, steel, magnesium or magnesium alloys, polymers, in particular PTFE, PET, PMMA, PE, PEEK, PEKK, PEAK, Teflon, fiber composite materials and bone material and preferably the material is the same as the basic material of the implant or from which the basic material of the implant was created.
- the basic material of the implant is the material of which the implant is mainly made. It is therefore preferred that the zone of the implant which comprises the receiving volume consists directly of the base material of the implant or at least was produced from this base material in a suitable process.
- a preferred base material is metal or the aforementioned metal alloys, in particular titanium, titanium alloys, stainless steel, magnesium or magnesium alloys. With a suitable method (see below) it is possible to create the zone with the receiving volume from the base material of the implant. This can of course lead to changes in the base material, such as changes in grain sizes and crystallinity.
- the base material being a polymer, for example by choosing a suitable method so that the upper layer of the polymer behaves like a foam.
- an implant according to the invention is preferred in this context, wherein at least part of the receiving volume represents a channel or a part of the channel which is completely or partially open to the surface, the cross section of the channel having a local maximum width between the channel bottom and the contact plane, on the perpendicular section to the surface, measured parallel to the plane of contact and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the duct.
- Such channels can not only provide a large absorption volume, they can also be designed in such a way that the opening of these channels is located at certain points on the implant, with a local release maximum also being able to be generated within the implant surface.
- Preferred implants according to the invention comprise a concentration of openings in the range of 4 to 10 6 openings per cm 2 , preferably 100 to 10 5 openings per cm 2 and particularly preferably 1000 to 10 4 openings per cm 2 on the at least one surface.
- Part of the invention is a method for producing an implant according to the invention, comprising the steps of a.) Providing a basic implant body, b.) Generating the openings and the receiving volume, as defined above for the implants according to the invention, on at least one surface of the basic implant body, c .) Filling the receiving volume with a matrix, as defined above for the implants according to the invention, and d.) Loading the matrix with an active ingredient.
- the method according to the invention thus includes in a step b.)
- the generation of the receiving volume which is preferably carried out by substrate reshaping, particularly preferably by substrate reshaping by means of a laser.
- step c. Part of the receiving volume is filled with matrix material which, for example, has small pores and / or a different physical and / or chemical bonding behavior than the rest of the receiving volume surface, in particular with respect to the active ingredient to be loaded in step d.) .
- step c.) it may be preferred before step c.) Or after step c.)
- a plasma-based treatment in particular a plasma polymer coating, for example by incorporating silver and / or tungsten in the corresponding coatings to achieve a synergetic effect on antibacterial surfaces.
- the base body of the implant according to the invention or the base material of the implant according to the invention is a metallic material.
- the metallic material is treated with continuous (CW), quasi-continuous (QCW) or laser radiation pulsed in the nanosecond range, which leads to melting of the substrate material leads.
- CW continuous
- QCW quasi-continuous
- kHz range high pulse repetition frequency
- These primary pores form the receiving volume and, on the one hand, have the function of receiving matrix materials; on the other hand, if they are not completely filled with matrix material, these primary pores offer a filling volume that can accommodate further active ingredients (second active ingredient). These active ingredients are protected from dripping or shearing off by the primary pores.
- the rasterization of the implant surface with the laser beam can be used to produce surfaces with a regular structure.
- the shape, size and density of the structures created depends primarily on the fluence (energy density), the pulse repetition frequency, the number of pulses per treatment site and the pulse overlap.
- the resulting areas can consist of separated and therefore non-connected pores with overhangs at the pore opening as well as more complex-shaped structures.
- the pulse overlap of the laser treatment can be selected in the preferred direction in such a way that the individual treatment areas strongly overlap.
- the result is a series of cavities along the scanning direction, which are connected to one another under the surface and largely closed by the laser-induced overhangs. These cavities have openings in which media can be taken up at regular intervals.
- the laser-induced temperature input causes not only pore formation but also a change in the microstructure in the material surrounding the structures.
- the microstructure is homogenized, which leads to increased corrosion stability (e.g. with titanium or steel).
- the brief thermal input followed by rapid solidification leads to an adjustable increase in mechanical strength of the material. Comparable effects are not to be expected in the case of ultrashort pulse lasers due to the lower thermal input, which clearly emphasizes the preferred product according to the invention from the prior art.
- the preferred method described also has the advantage of being implemented using a more cost-effective laser Systems. Since very high powers are required for the evaporation, the creation of deep pores in the pm range with an ultrashort pulse laser also requires a great deal of time.
- the preferred laser method can in principle be used on all metallic materials, as long as they form a melt phase under laser irradiation.
- the emitted wavelength of the laser source used is not restricted. However, this is preferably a wavelength and pulse duration which lead to a thermal interaction on the material. They are particularly preferably lasers in the near (fiber or Nd: YAG laser) or medium IR range (CO2 laser) with pulse durations greater than or equal to the ns range (> 1 ns). The fluence hitting the surface must be sufficiently high to generate a melt front.
- the receiving volumes produced in step b.) Can be filled with substructures (matrix).
- the matrix defines a volume below the original volume.
- FIG. 2 shows, by way of example, the schematic structure of the described recording volumes and matrix on the substrate surface, the structures according to the invention not being restricted to these geometries.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the surface structure of an implant according to the invention.
- the reference symbols denote
- the matrix materials can be equipped with functions, e.g. by using tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as the matrix material.
- TCP tricalcium phosphate
- TCP is a bone-like mineral that is attached to bone-forming cells can adhere and proliferate. Since such a natural bone structure is formed in the receiving volume, there is a stable form fit between the bone and the implant for a firm integration of permanent implants.
- the properties of the exposed surface of the openings can be designed differently from those of the matrix material.
- the different material properties of the matrix and the material forming the receiving volume can be decisive for this; alternatively, local coatings can also be used.
- layers containing silver can be deposited on the surfaces.
- the surface properties can differ in terms of their topography or chemical composition, for example.
- - Gel formers agar / carbohydrates / mucins / unmodified and modified starch and cellulose, in particular methyl cellulose / sucrose / polylactite / PMMA / tricalcium phosphate powder or suspended particles, which are then sintered to form open foams or produce one with a binder.
- a matrix-forming filler e.g. metal powder
- thermally or chemically degradable auxiliaries to form open pores.
- the auxiliary substance is released again, so that open cavities result (e.g., open-pored metal, polymer or ceramic foams).
- Electrochemical approaches for layer generation with pore formation e.g. MicroArc Oxidation (MAO) [3]
- anodization process e.g. chromic acid anodization on titanium.
- Sol gel process e.g. poly (e-caprolactam) and hydroxyapatite coatings
- the matrix used can be used to control the rate of release of an active ingredient.
- the temporal control of the active ingredient release is possible in the context of this invention both through the selection of the suitable substrate materials for generating the volume, the shape and shape of the volume-forming pores as well as through the appropriate selection of matrix materials the view of the active ingredients to be used will be taken.
- the receiving volume from the base material of the implant in a one-step process. Because the matrix material is arranged within the receiving volume, it is protected from being washed out or from mechanical stress such as shearing off.
- Hardness measurement L2 Hardness measurements and measurements of the modulus of elasticity show that the generated edge zone with pores shows no change in hardness or modulus of elasticity.
- Activation effect L2 The laser-treated surfaces are hydrophilic after the laser treatment (step I).
- the uptake volume of 3.0 pL / cm was confirmed with the aid of the determination method described above by means of grinding.
- the sample was embedded in a transparent epoxy resin matrix (Epofix from Struers) so that there is sufficient microscopic image contrast to the substrate material. This was followed by seven metallographic grinding of the sample, parallel to the surface normal (polishing bench: Rotopol 4), preparation: ground with SiC paper and then polished out ([diamond, silicon oxide]).
- the seven cuts were made at an angle of 0 °; 26 °; 51 °; 77 °; 103 °; 128.5 ° and 154 ° around the plumb points of the surface normal.
- Each section was analyzed with a digital microscope (manufacturer Key e nee) at a magnification of 300x.
- the microscopic images were evaluated with the image processing software ImageJ.
- ImageJ image processing software
- a circle with a 3 mm radius was first inserted into the microscopic image above the depressions. Wherever the circle has two points of contact with the substrate surface, points of contact were inserted into the images. The adjacent points of contact were connected to form the envelope and the length determined with ImageJ was noted.
- Sufficient microscopic images were analyzed under each cut angle that a total of at least 20 wells were examined. The total area of the depressions was determined using ImageJ and divided by the respective length of the envelope so that the average depression length or, by conversion, the average volume under the various angles results.
- Table 1 Acquisition volume based on the sections in 25.7 ° steps or 16.4 ° steps around the surface normal
- the measurements on the basis of the seven sections resulted in an absorption volume of 3.18 gL / cm 2 , or on the basis of the eleven sections of 3.09 gL / cm 2 .
- the error between the two measurements is 3%, less than 15%, so that the filling volume of the sample is 3.1 gL / cm.
- Example 3 Influence of the energy density / fluence on the pore size
- the sample rasterization was carried out in such a way that only 20 or 26 pulses were applied to a point before the laser spot was placed at the next, neighboring point.
- Table 2 shows the greater the fluence or the energy entered, the greater the intake volume.
- Example 4 Matrix made of tricalcium phosphate (TCP)
- Substrate Ti6Al4V
- a TCP matrix was introduced into the wells by applying a suspension of TCP nanoparticles ( ⁇ 100 nm; TCP: tricalcium phosphate) in ethanol followed by a drying step.
- the TCP nanoparticles (American Elements) were dispersed with 20% by weight in ethanol.
- the dispersion was first mixed with a magnetic stirrer for 10 minutes. This suspension was then placed in an ultrasonic tank for 10 min to break up agglomerates.
- the samples from Example 1 were filled in the suspension within 3 minutes of the application of ultrasound using an immersion process for 30 seconds. The samples were then dried at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes in order to evaporate the ethanol.
- Loose particles near the surface were cleaned off by laser (CL100 with Stamp 10 optics and f-theta lens with 330 mm focal length; pulse repetition frequency 200 kHz; average power 30 W; 200 ns; meandering with 50% pulse overlap; Gaussian profile with 3 J / cm 2 ) from removed from the surface.
- the mass increase of the samples was 0.3 mg / cm 2
- Example 2 The samples were then fixed in the investment material as in Example 1 and prepared in seven sections, each rotated by 25.7 ° around the surface normal (angle of the individual sections: 0 °; 26 °; 51 °; 77 °; 103 °; 128, 5 ° and 154 °).
- the evaluation of the areas of the TCP matrix in the depressions in the microscope in relation to the envelope resulted in a filling volume of 0.08 pL / cm 2 .
- the matrix accounted for 3% of the absorption volume.
- Example 5 Determination of the recess volume and the matrix volume of the surface Production of the surface recesses:
- Matrix filling The surface depressions were filled with the matrix tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in a dipping process.
- TCP matrix tricalcium phosphate
- the steel sheets with depressions were stored in this solution for 5 minutes. The samples were then dried in an oven at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Example 6 Double active ingredient filling and dispensing
- 100W Nd YAG laser (type CL100 from CleanLaser, Herzogenrath, Germany with stamp optics and f (330) and f (160) f-theta lens
- the active ingredient substitute methyl orange in a suspension of ethanol 98.8% by weight and 0.2% by weight methyl orange was applied to the char matrix. For this purpose, 20 ml of this solution were pipetted onto the samples. The samples were then dried (80 ° C. for 60 minutes in a convection oven).
- the release of the active substance was verified by means of time-resolved UV-VIS spectroscopy.
- the 316L steel samples loaded in the steps were placed in a cuvette with 8 ml of isotonic saline solution (9 g / l).
- the absorption measurements of the light, at The characteristic 400 nm for methyl orange and 520 nm for methylene blue show in Figure 1 that the sample first releases methyl orange and with a time delay methylene blue into the saline solution.
- FIG. 3 Time-resolved UV-VIS spectroscopy for measuring the light absorption of methylene blue and methyl orange in 8 ml of isotonic saline, released from the surface depressions of a 316L steel plate with a sucrose matrix with methylene blue, a time lag layer made of PLA and methyl orange .
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019118077 | 2019-07-04 | ||
| PCT/EP2020/068731 WO2021001506A1 (de) | 2019-07-04 | 2020-07-02 | Implantat und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
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| EP3993844A1 true EP3993844A1 (de) | 2022-05-11 |
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| DE102020120343A1 (de) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Verwendung eines metallischen Implantates mit einer porenöffnungsbelegten Oberfläche zum Herstellen eines wirkstoffbeladenen metallischen Implantates |
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| DE4242889A1 (de) * | 1992-12-18 | 1994-06-23 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Hohlendoprothesen mit Knochenwachstumsfördernder Füllung |
| US20080216926A1 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2008-09-11 | Chunlei Guo | Ultra-short duration laser methods for the nanostructuring of materials |
| EP2251133B1 (de) | 2009-05-15 | 2014-07-02 | Swiss Micro Laser GmbH | Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Oberflächenstruktur |
| US20160059353A1 (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2016-03-03 | Newsouth Innovations Pty Limited | Surface structuring of metals |
| CN105798454B (zh) | 2016-04-29 | 2017-09-12 | 西安交通大学 | 一种利用纳秒激光诱导裂纹制备微纳米复合结构的方法 |
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