EP3988307A1 - Method for operating a flexographic printing machine, system, flexographic printing form or a sleeve for a flexographic printing form - Google Patents

Abstract

A method according to the invention for operating a flexographic printing machine, with a printing cylinder (16, 105) carrying a sleeve (3, 105a) with at least one flexographic printing form (5, 108) or a flexographic printing cylinder and an impression cylinder (17, 106), the contact pressure between the Printing cylinder or the flexographic printing cylinder and the counter-pressure cylinder is adjusted by a motor, is characterized in that the adjustment takes place automatically as a function of a point density (303, 304) of the flexographic printing form, i.e. a location-dependent density of printing elevations of the flexographic printing form - or data derived therefrom by computation . The invention advantageously makes it possible to print cost-effectively and with high quality in industrial flexographic printing. The method according to the invention advantageously also makes it possible to further automate the printing.

Description

invention

The invention relates to a method having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a flexographic printing machine, wherein the flexographic printing machine is operated for printing a printing material with flexographic printing ink according to a method according to the invention, having the features of the preamble of claim 17

The invention also relates to a system comprising a flexographic printing machine according to the invention and a measuring device for measuring the dot density of the flexographic printing form, having the features of the preamble of claim 22.

The invention further relates to a flexographic printing forme or a sleeve for use in a method according to the invention or for use in a flexographic printing machine according to the invention or for use in a system according to the invention with the features of the preamble of claim 29.

field of technology

The invention lies in the technical field of the graphics industry and there in particular in the field of operating a flexographic printing machine, i.e. a rotary printing machine for printing with flexographic printing forms. In particular, the invention is in the sub-area of controlling or regulating the machine or its drives and/or actuators to increase the print quality and productivity and/or to avoid or reduce malfunctions.

State of the art

In so-called flexographic printing, in particular in industrial, web-processing flexographic printing, there is a need to print cost-effectively at high speeds using flexographic printing forms that vary from print job to print job, and to keep the resulting waste low and the print quality high.

Changing print jobs with different print forms or different print motifs can cause problems: the print motifs can have places where a lot is printed and places where little is printed; and places where there is no or only insignificant printing.

Sleeves are usually fitted with flexographic printing plates shortly before printing (assembly).

A link between the printing stage ("press") and the prepress stage ("prepress") is much less pronounced in flexographic printing than in offset printing, for example: JDF or XJDF as an interface between prepress and printing stage has not been established. Prepress data are therefore usually not available in the printers. The preliminary stage, in particular the exposure of the flexographic printing forms, often takes place in another company.

Flexographic printing forms can be measured before printing, for example in a measuring station. The Post-Released DE102020111341A1 discloses a device for measuring elevations on the surface of a body of revolution and creates an improvement which, in particular, makes it possible to measure elevations of bodies of revolution, such as flexographic printing dots of a flexographic printing plate, quickly and with high precision. The device disclosed in the document for measuring elevations on the surface of a rotating body designed as a cylinder, roller, sleeve or plate of a printing press, e.g. a flexographic printing plate mounted on a sleeve, with a first motor for rotating the rotating body about an axis of rotation and with a Measuring device, is characterized in that the measuring device for non-contact measurement comprises at least one radiation source and at least one area camera.

The other documents cited and described in the aforementioned document DE3302798A1 , DE102014215648A1 , EP3251850 , DE102006060464A1 , WO2010146040A1 , WO2008049510A1 and the " ^smartGPS® " system from Bobst described there form further prior art. Likewise the system "ARun" of the company Allstein.

the DE202007004717U1 discloses a rotary printing machine having a number of ink decks, at least one of which has a roller and an adjustment system for adjusting the position of the roller relative to at least one other component of the printing machine, the at least one ink deck having a control unit which is set up to transmit data to receive and process via the roller, which describe the topography of the surface of this specific roller and/or a spatial relationship between a print pattern and a reference mark formed on the roller, and wherein the control unit is further adapted to use the adjustment system in accordance with these To control setting data in order to set the roller to an optimal position for printing without or at least with reduced waste. The roll to be adjusted can e.g. B. a printing cylinder or a printing cylinder sleeve (sleeve) in a flexographic printing machine or about an anilox roller in a flexographic printing machine. The adjustment data obtained in the scanning step and written to the RFID chip can be raw data, e.g. B. data specifying the average image density of the image to be printed (e.g. the ratio between the printing and non-printing parts of the print pattern, averaged over a suitable part of the roller surface).

Technical task

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improvement over the prior art, which in particular makes it possible to print cost-effectively and with high quality in industrial flexographic printing.

Solution according to the invention

This object is achieved according to the invention by a method according to claim 1, a flexographic printing machine according to claim 17, a system according to claim 22 and a flexographic printing forme or a sleeve for a flexographic printing forme according to claim 29.

Advantageous and therefore preferred developments of the invention result from the dependent claims as well as from the description and the drawings.

A method according to the invention for operating a flexographic printing machine, with a printing cylinder carrying a sleeve with at least one flexographic printing forme, or a flexographic printing cylinder and an impression cylinder, with the contact pressure between the printing cylinder or the flexographic printing cylinder and the impression cylinder being adjusted by a motor, is characterized in that the adjustment in Dependence of a point density of the flexographic printing form, i.e. a location-dependent density of printing elevations of the flexographic printing form, - or data derived therefrom by computation - takes place automatically.

A flexographic printing machine according to the invention, with at least one flexographic printing unit - comprising a printing cylinder carrying a sleeve with at least one flexographic printing forme or a flexographic printing cylinder, an impression cylinder and an anilox roller - wherein the flexographic printing machine is operated for printing a printing material with flexographic printing ink according to one of the preceding methods, is characterized in that that the flexographic printing machine comprises at least one servomotor for the automatic adjustment of the contact pressure between the printing cylinder or the flexographic printing cylinder and the impression cylinder.

A system according to the invention consisting of a flexographic printing machine according to the invention and a measuring device for measuring the dot density of the flexographic printing form is characterized in that the measuring device measures the dot density of the flexographic printing form and transmits the dot density or data derived therefrom to the flexographic printing machine.

A flexographic printing forme or sleeve for a flexographic printing forme according to the invention, the flexographic printing forme or the sleeve being marked with a machine-readable ID, for use in a method according to the invention or for use in a flexographic printing machine according to the invention or for use in a system according to the invention, is characterized in that the machine-readable ID is read by machine and stored on a computer for retrieval.

Advantageous Forms and Effects of the Invention

The invention advantageously makes it possible to print cost-effectively and with high quality in industrial flexographic printing. The method according to the invention advantageously also makes it possible to further automate the printing.

The invention is described and shown for a flexographic printing machine or for flexographic printing forms (letterpress). Alternatively, the invention can be used for engraved printing forms or engraved sleeves (intaglio printing). Therefore, instead of the term "flexo" alternatively "deep" or "flexo or deep" can be used in this application. Instead of “sleeve with flexographic printing form” “sleeve with engraved form” or “engraved sleeve” or “laser engraved sleeve” or “endless sleeve engraved with laser” or “endless printing form” or “endless printing sleeve” can be used.

Developments of the invention

Preferred developments of the invention (in short: developments) are described below.

• dass das Einstellen während des Druckens dynamisch, d.h. in Abhängigkeit von der Rotationsgeschwindigkeit des Druckzylinders, erfolgt.
• dass die Punktdichte der Flexodruckform gemessen wird.
• dass die Punktdichte der Flexodruckform berührungslos gemessen wird.
• dass das Messen der Punktdichte der Flexodruckform mit von Tastrollen verschiedenen Mitteln durchgeführt wird.
• dass die Punktdichte der Flexodruckform vor dem Drucken gemessen wird.
• dass die Punktdichte der Flexodruckform vor dem Drucken in einer Messeinrichtung gemessen wird.
• dass die Messeinrichtung einen Aufnahmezylinder für die Flexodruckform oder für eine Hülse mit der Flexodruckform umfasst.
• dass der Aufnahmezylinder während des Messens um eine - eine axiale Richtung aufweisenden - Rotationsachse rotiert.
• dass die Messeinrichtung außerhalb der Flexodruckmaschine betrieben wird.
• dass beim Messen eine Kamera zum Einsatz kommt.
• dass beim Messen eine Flächenkamera zum Einsatz kommt.
• dass beim Messen eine Zeilenkamera zum Einsatz kommt.
• dass in der Kamera wenigstens ein CIS-Sensor zum Einsatz kommt.
• dass beim Messen eine ortsfeste Kamera zum Einsatz kommt.
• dass die Kamera vor dem Messen senkrecht zur axialen Richtung bewegt wird.
• dass die Kamera während des Messens in axialer Richtung bewegt wird.
• dass beim Messen mit der Kamera eine Strahlungsquelle, insbesondere eine Lichtquelle zum Einsatz kommt.
• dass beim Messen das gesamte Druckbild einer Flexodruckform erfasst wird.
• dass beim Messen wenigstens eine oder wenigstens zwei Flexodruckform/-en auf einer Hülse montiert und erfasst wird bzw. werden.
• dass beim Messen die gesamte Hülse, d.h. deren Mantelfläche mit montierten Flexodruckformen, erfasst wird.
• dass beim Messen Licht von einer Lichtquelle bis zu Erhebungen der Flexodruckform und von dort zur Kamera gelangt.
• dass beim Messen mit der Kamera wenigstens ein Spiegel zum Einsatz kommt.
• dass der Spiegel beweglich angeordnet ist.
• dass der Spiegel vor dem Messen senkrecht zur axialen Richtung bewegt wird.
• dass der Spiegel während des Messens in axialer Richtung bewegt wird.
• dass beim Messen Licht von einer Lichtquelle bis zu Erhebungen der Flexodruckform und von dort über den Spiegel zurück zur Kamera gelangt.
• dass beim Messen ein Laser und ein Triangulationsmessverfahren zum Einsatz kommen.
• dass die Punktdichte aus Vorstufendaten zur Herstellung der Flexodruckform rechentechnisch ermittelt wird.
• dass eine Berechnung von Einstellwerten erfolgt.
• dass die Einstellwerte an eine Steuerung eines Motors für das Einstellen des Anpressdrucks übermittelt werden.
• dass das Berechnen der Einstellwerte in Abhängigkeit einer Punktdichte der Flexodruckform, d.h. einer ortsabhängigen Dichte von druckenden Erhebungen der Flexodruckform, - oder daraus rechentechnisch abgeleiteter Daten - erfolgt.
• dass bei der Berechnung der Einstellwerte ein Rechner, d.h. ein Digitalrechner, zum Einsatz kommt.
• dass dem Rechner die Punktdichte oder die daraus abgeleiteten Daten übermittelt wird bzw. werden.
• dass bei der Berechnung der Einstellwerte eine Mittelung über vorgegebene Oberflächenabschnitte der Flexodruckform erfolgt.
• dass bei der Berechnung der Einstellwerte eine Einteilung in Kategorien erfolgt.
• dass bei der Berechnung der Einstellwerte ein Dichte-Kategorien-Vektor erzeugt wird.
• dass ein n-dimensionaler Vektor mit folgenden n Kategorien gebildet wird: 0%, 0-5%, 5-10%, ..., 90-95%, 95-100% oder 0%, 0-10%, ..., 80-90%, 90-100%; wobei 100% einer Vollfläche entspricht.
• dass die Berechnung der Einstellwerte zwei Berechnungen umfasst, wobei für jede axiale Seite eine separate Berechnung eines Einstellwertes erfolgt.
• dass bei der Berechnung der Einstellwerte zwei Dichte-Kategorien-Vektoren erzeugt werden.
• dass die Einstellwerte an eine Steuerung eines Motors für das Einstellen des Anpressdrucks übermittelt werden, wobei der Anpressdruck in Schritten von 0,01 mm in Abhängigkeit der Transportgeschwindigkeit einer Bedruckstoffbahn verändert wird.
• dass das Berechnen der Einstellwerte zusätzlich in Abhängigkeit einer vorgegebenen oder gemessenen Shorehärte der Flexodruckform - oder daraus rechentechnisch abgeleiteter Daten - erfolgt.
• dass die Einstellwerte an eine Steuerung mindestens eines Motors für das Einstellen des Anpressdrucks übermittelt werden, wobei der Anpressdruck in Abhängigkeit der Shorehärte verändert wird. Bevorzugt sind zwei Motoren (auf AS und BS) vorhanden.
• dass die Flexodruckmaschine eine Rasterwalze zum Einfärben der Flexodruckform umfasst.
• dass die Rasterwalze mit einer ID markiert ist und die ID in der Flexodruckmaschine erfasst wird.
• dass die Rasterwalze mit einer ID markiert ist und die ID Informationen zum Transfervolumen sowie z.B. Geometrie, Lineatur und/oder Tiefe jeweils der Näpfchen und deren Winkelung trägt.
• dass die Rasterwalze mit einer ID markiert ist und zu dieser ID Informationen, wie z.B. Transfervolumen, Geometrie, Lineatur und/oder Tiefe jeweils der Näpfchen und deren Winkelung in einem Daten-Speicher oder einem Cloud-Speicher hinterlegt sind.
• dass ein weiterer Anpressdruck, d.h. ein Anpressdruck zwischen dem Druckzylinder und der Rasterwalze, motorisch eingestellt wird.
• dass das Einstellen des weiteren Anpressdrucks während des Druckens dynamisch, d.h. in Abhängigkeit von der Rotationsgeschwindigkeit des Druckzylinders, erfolgt.
• dass für das Einstellen des weiteren Anpressdrucks eine Berechnung von weiteren Einstellwerten erfolgt.
• dass die Einstellwerte und/oder die weiteren Einstellwerte an eine Steuerung des Motors und/oder eines weiteren Motors für das Einstellen des weiteren Anpressdrucks übermittelt werden.
• dass bei der Berechnung der weiteren Einstellwerte die Punktdichte der Flexodruckform, d.h. die ortsabhängige Dichte von druckenden Erhebungen der Flexodruckform, berücksichtigt wird.
• dass ein berechneter Sollwert des weiteren Einstellwerts des Anpressdrucks mit einem erfassten Istwert des Einstellwerts des Anpressdrucks beim störungsfreien Drucken verglichen wird und dass aus dem Vergleich eine Abweichung des Sollwerts vom Istwert rechentechnisch ermittelt wird und dass rechentechnisch ein Korrekturwert ermittelt wird.
• dass verschiedene Korrekturwerte beim Drucken mit verschiedenen Flexodruckformen einer Anzahl von Flexodruckformen ermittelt und gespeichert werden.
• dass eine KI mit den gespeicherten Korrekturwerten rechentechnischen Lernschritte durchläuft und dass die KI vor dem Drucken mit einer weiteren - zur Anzahl der Flexodruckformen verschiedenen - Flexodruckform einen Korrekturwert für die Flexodruckform ermittelt und dieser Korrekturwert bei dem Drucken verwendet wird.
• dass eine rechentechnische Qualitätskontrolle der Hülse und/oder einer oder mehrerer montierter Flexodruckformen durchgeführt wird.
• dass eine KI einem Lernprozess unterzogen wird, bei welchem die KI lernt, im späteren Einsatz selbstständig Punktdichten von Druckformen, z.B. Flexodruckformen, zu erkennen. Für das Einlernen der KI kann wenigstens eine (Lern-) Druckform erzeugt werden, welche wenigstens ein (Lern-) Druckbild aufweist, das verschiedene zu lernende Punktdichten aufweist, insbesondere gestuft (z.B. 0%, 5%, 10%, ..., 100%) oder kontinuierlich (z.B. 0 bis 100%). Eine solche Druckform bzw. deren Druckbild kann mit einer Kamera erfasst werden und die KI kann anhand des erfassten digitalen Bildes, bevorzugt unter menschlicher und/oder maschineller Anleitung, lernen, welche Bereiche des Druckbildes welchen Punktdichten entsprechen und die zugehörigen Bereich im digitalen Bild entsprechend kennzeichnen. Bevorzugt wird die KI mit vielen und unterschiedlichen (Lern-) Druckbildern und ggf. zusätzlich mit realen Druckbildern eingelernt bzw. trainiert. Dabei erhöht sich die Genauigkeit der KI im Erkennen von Punktdichten. Hat die KI eine erforderliche Erkennungsgenauigkeit erreicht, kann der Lernprozess beendet werden. Eine solchermaßen trainierte KI kann dann im digitalen Bild einer realen Druckform, also einer Druckform für einen Druckauftrag, sehr schnell und sehr präzise Bereiche mit bestimmten Punktdichten erkennen und diese entsprechend kennzeichnen. Eine solche KI kann ihm Rahmen der Erfindung eingesetzt werden, d.h. beim Erkennen von Punktdichten.

A respective development of the method according to the invention can be characterized by:

• that the adjustment is made dynamically during printing, ie depending on the rotational speed of the printing cylinder.
• that the dot density of the flexographic printing form is measured.
• that the dot density of the flexographic printing form is measured without contact.
• that the measurement of the point density of the flexographic printing form is carried out by means other than feeler rollers.
• that the dot density of the flexographic printing form is measured before printing.
• that the dot density of the flexographic printing form is measured in a measuring device before printing.
• that the measuring device comprises a receiving cylinder for the flexographic printing form or for a sleeve with the flexographic printing form.
• that the receiving cylinder during the measurement about a - rotating axis of rotation - having an axial direction.
• that the measuring device is operated outside of the flexographic printing machine.
• that a camera is used when measuring.
• that an area scan camera is used when measuring.
• that a line scan camera is used for measuring.
• that at least one CIS sensor is used in the camera.
• that a stationary camera is used when measuring.
• that the camera is moved perpendicular to the axial direction before measuring.
• that the camera is moved in the axial direction during the measurement.
• that when measuring with the camera, a radiation source, in particular a light source, is used.
• that when measuring the entire print image of a flexographic printing form is recorded.
• that during the measurement at least one or at least two flexographic printing form(s) is/are mounted on a sleeve and recorded.
• that when measuring the entire sleeve, ie its lateral surface with mounted flexographic printing forms, is recorded.
• that when measuring, light from a light source reaches elevations on the flexographic printing form and from there to the camera.
• that at least one mirror is used when measuring with the camera.
• that the mirror is movably arranged.
• that the mirror is moved perpendicular to the axial direction before measuring.
• that the mirror is moved in the axial direction during the measurement.
• that when measuring, light from a light source reaches elevations on the flexographic printing form and from there via the mirror back to the camera.
• that a laser and a triangulation measuring method are used for measuring.
• that the dot density is calculated from preliminary data for the production of the flexographic printing form.
• that a calculation of setting values takes place.
• that the setting values are transmitted to a controller of a motor for setting the contact pressure.
• that the setting values are calculated as a function of a point density of the flexographic printing form, ie a location-dependent density of printing elevations of the flexographic printing form,—or data derived therefrom by computation.
• that a computer, ie a digital computer, is used to calculate the setting values.
• that the point density or the data derived from it is or are transmitted to the computer.
• that when calculating the setting values, an averaging takes place over predetermined surface sections of the flexographic printing form.
• that when the setting values are calculated, they are divided into categories.
• that a density category vector is generated when the setting values are calculated.
• that an n-dimensional vector is formed with the following n categories: 0%, 0-5%, 5-10%, ..., 90-95%, 95-100% or 0%, 0-10%, .. ., 80-90%, 90-100%; where 100% corresponds to a full area.
• that the calculation of the setting values comprises two calculations, with a separate calculation of a setting value taking place for each axial side.
• that two density category vectors are generated when the setting values are calculated.
• that the setting values are transmitted to a control of a motor for setting the contact pressure, the contact pressure being changed in steps of 0.01 mm as a function of the transport speed of a printing material web.
• that the calculation of the setting values also takes place as a function of a specified or measured Shore hardness of the flexographic printing form - or data derived therefrom by calculation.
• that the setting values are transmitted to a control of at least one motor for setting the contact pressure, the contact pressure being changed as a function of the Shore hardness. Two motors (on AS and BS) are preferred.
• that the flexographic printing machine comprises an anilox roller for inking the flexographic printing form.
• that the anilox roller is marked with an ID and the ID is recorded in the flexographic printing machine.
• that the anilox roller is marked with an ID and the ID carries information on the transfer volume and, for example, geometry, linework and/or depth of the cells and their angle.
• that the anilox roller is marked with an ID and information such as transfer volume, geometry, linework and/or depth of each of the cells and their angle is stored in a data memory or a cloud memory for this ID.
• that a further contact pressure, ie a contact pressure between the printing cylinder and the anilox roller, is adjusted by a motor.
• that the further contact pressure is set dynamically during printing, ie as a function of the rotational speed of the printing cylinder.
• that for setting the further contact pressure, a calculation of further setting values takes place.
• that the setting values and/or the further setting values are transmitted to a controller of the motor and/or a further motor for setting the further contact pressure.
• that the point density of the flexographic printing form, ie the location-dependent density of printing elevations of the flexographic printing form, is taken into account when calculating the further setting values.
• that a calculated target value of the further setting value of the contact pressure is compared with a detected actual value of the setting value of the contact pressure during trouble-free printing and that from the comparison a deviation of the target value from Actual value is determined by calculation and that a correction value is determined by calculation.
• that different correction values are determined and stored when printing with different flexographic printing forms of a number of flexographic printing forms.
• that an AI runs through arithmetic learning steps with the stored correction values and that the AI determines a correction value for the flexographic printing form before printing with another flexographic printing form that is different from the number of flexographic printing forms, and that this correction value is used during printing.
• that a computational quality control of the sleeve and/or one or more mounted flexographic printing forms is carried out.
• that an AI is subjected to a learning process in which the AI learns to independently recognize dot densities of printing forms, e.g. flexographic printing forms, later on. At least one (learning) printing form can be generated for teaching the AI, which has at least one (learning) print image that has different dot densities to be learned, in particular graduated (e.g. 0%, 5%, 10%, ..., 100%) or continuously (e.g. 0 to 100%). Such a printing form or its printed image can be captured with a camera and the AI can use the captured digital image, preferably under human and/or machine guidance, to learn which areas of the printed image correspond to which dot densities and mark the associated areas in the digital image accordingly . The AI is preferably taught or trained with many and different (learning) print images and, if necessary, additionally with real print images. This increases the accuracy of the AI in recognizing point densities. Once the AI has achieved the required recognition accuracy, the learning process can be ended. An AI trained in this way can then very quickly and very precisely identify areas with specific dot densities in the digital image of a real printing form, i.e. a printing form for a print job, and label them accordingly. Such an AI can be used within the scope of the invention, ie in detecting point densities.

• dass der Stellmotor rechentechnisch unter Verwendung der Punktdichte oder daraus abgeleiteter Daten derart gesteuert oder geregelt wird, dass der Anpressdruck zwischen dem Druckzylinder und dem Gegendruckzylinder einen vorgegebenen Wert oder einen vorgegebene Wertebereich aufweist.
• dass die Flexodruckmaschine einen Trockner zum Trocknen des Bedruckstoffs und/oder der Flexodruckfarbe umfasst.
• dass der Trockner ein Heißlufttrockner ist.
• dass der Trockner ein IR-Trockner ist.
• dass der Trockner ein UV-Trockner ist.
• dass der Trockner eine Trocknersteuerung umfasst.
• dass der Trockner eine Einrichtung zur Leistungseinstellung oder Leistungssteuerung oder Leistungsregelung des Trockners umfasst.
• dass die Leistung des Trockners unter rechentechnischer Verwendung der Punktdichte oder daraus abgeleiteter Daten veränderbar ist.
• dass die Leistung des Trockners unter zusätzlicher rechentechnischer Verwendung des Transfervolumens der Rasterwalze veränderbar ist.
• dass die Leistung des Trockners unter zusätzlicher rechentechnischer Verwendung des Wertes des Festkörperanteils oder des Wasseranteils der Flexodruckfarbe veränderbar ist.
• dass die auf den Bedruckstoff transferierte Wassermenge unter Berücksichtigung der transferierten Farbmenge berechnet wird.
• dass der Trockner eine Einrichtung zur Feuchteeinstellung oder Feuchtesteuerung oder Feuchteregelung im Trockner umfasst.
• dass die Einrichtung eine einstellbare, steuerbare oder regelbare Klappe umfasst, welche die Menge von vorgewärmter Zuluft in den Trockner beeinflusst.
• dass die Einrichtung eine einstellbare, steuerbare oder regelbare Klappe umfasst, welche die Menge von feuchter Abluft aus dem Trockner beeinflusst.
• dass der Trockner eine Verbindung umfasst, durch welche feuchte Abluft aus dem Trockner der vorgewärmten Zuluft in den Trockner beigemischt wird.
• dass die Menge der Zuluft und die Menge der Abluft verringert wird.
• dass die Menge von über die Verbindung zirkulierender Luft erhöht wird.
• dass beim Betrieb der Flexodruckmaschine Karton bedruckt wird.
• dass der Karton ein Wasser aus der Flexodruckfarbe aufsaugender Karton ist.
• dass der Karton beschichtet ist, z.B. mit Polyethylen.
• dass die Hülse wenigstens zwei Flexodruckformen mit unterschiedlichen Druckmotiven trägt.
• dass die zwei Flexodruckformen auf der Hülse in Umfangsrichtung aufeinanderfolgend oder in axialer Richtung aufeinanderfolgend montiert sind

A respective further development of the flexographic printing machine according to the invention can be distinguished by:

• that the servomotor is arithmetically controlled or regulated using the point density or data derived therefrom in such a way that the contact pressure between the printing cylinder and the impression cylinder has a predetermined value or a predetermined value range.
• that the flexographic printing machine includes a dryer for drying the printing material and/or the flexographic printing ink.
• that the dryer is a hot air dryer.
• that the dryer is an IR dryer.
• that the dryer is a UV dryer.
• that the dryer includes a dryer controller.
• that the dryer includes a device for power adjustment or power control or power regulation of the dryer.
• that the performance of the dryer can be modified computationally using the point density or data derived therefrom.
• that the performance of the dryer can be changed with the additional computational use of the transfer volume of the anilox roller.
• that the performance of the dryer can be modified with additional computational use of the value of the solids content or the water content of the flexographic ink.
• that the amount of water transferred to the substrate is calculated taking into account the amount of ink transferred.
• that the dryer includes a device for humidity adjustment or humidity control or humidity regulation in the dryer.
• that the device comprises an adjustable, controllable or regulatable flap which influences the amount of preheated supply air into the dryer.
• that the device comprises an adjustable, controllable or regulatable flap, which influences the amount of moist exhaust air from the dryer.
• that the dryer comprises a connection through which moist exhaust air from the dryer is mixed with the preheated supply air in the dryer.
• that the amount of supply air and the amount of exhaust air is reduced.
• that the amount of air circulating over the connection is increased.
• that cardboard is printed during operation of the flexographic printing machine.
• that the board is a board absorbing water from the flexographic ink.
• that the cardboard is coated, e.g. with polyethylene.
• that the sleeve carries at least two flexographic printing forms with different print motifs.
• that the two flexographic printing forms are mounted on the sleeve consecutively in the circumferential direction or consecutively in the axial direction

• dass die Messeinrichtung Teil einer Messstation ist, welche separat zur Flexodruckmaschine angeordnet ist.
• dass die Flexodruckform und/oder die Hülse mit einer maschinenlesbaren ID markiert ist.
• dass die ID als eindeutiger Identifikator für die Hülse ausgebildet ist.
• dass der Identifikator mehrere Zeichen, insbesondere Ziffern und/oder Buschstaben und/oder Sonderzeichen, umfasst.
• dass die ID als ein eindimensionaler Code markiert ist, insbesondere ein Barcode, oder als ein zweidimensionaler Code markiert ist, insbesondere ein QR-Code, oder als ein RFID-Chip oder NFC-Chip markiert ist.
• dass die Messeinrichtung die Punktdichte oder daraus abgeleitete Daten zusammen mit der ID direkt an die Flexodruckmaschine übermittelt.
• dass die Messeinrichtung die Punktdichte oder daraus abgeleitete Daten zusammen mit der ID indirekt an die Flexodruckmaschine übermittelt, indem die Punktdichte oder die daraus abgeleitete Daten zwischengespeichert und von der Flexodruckmaschine für das Drucken mit der Flexodruckform und/oder der Hülse abgerufen werden.
• dass das Zwischenspeichern auf einem zentralen Speicher oder einem Cloud-Speicher erfolgt.
• dass die Messeinrichtung eine Shorehärte der Flexodruckform misst und die Shorehärte oder daraus abgeleitete Daten an die Flexodruckmaschine übermittelt.
• dass zum Messen der Shorehärte ein Messstempel auf die Flexodruckform oder auf ein Messfeld der Flexodruckform aufgesetzt wird.
• das System eine Mehrzahl von Rasterwalzen verschiedener Raster und/oder Rasterfeinheiten umfasst und dass die Flexodruckmaschine beim Drucken mit einer Flexodruckform mit einer Rasterwalze betrieben wird, welche aus der Mehrzahl von Rasterwalzen rechentechnisch unter Verwendung der Punktdichte der Flexodruckform oder daraus abgeleiteter Daten ausgewählt wird.
• dass die ausgewählte Rasterwalze ein Raster aufweist, welches feiner als das Raster der Flexodruckform ist.

A respective further development of the system according to the invention can be distinguished by:

• that the measuring device is part of a measuring station which is arranged separately from the flexographic printing machine.
• that the flexographic printing form and/or sleeve is marked with a machine-readable ID.
• that the ID is designed as a unique identifier for the sleeve.
• that the identifier comprises several characters, in particular numbers and/or letters and/or special characters.
• that the ID is marked as a one-dimensional code, in particular a barcode, or is marked as a two-dimensional code, in particular a QR code, or is marked as an RFID chip or NFC chip.
• that the measuring device transmits the dot density or data derived from it together with the ID directly to the flexographic printing machine.
• that the measuring device indirectly transmits the dot density or data derived therefrom together with the ID to the flexographic printing machine by temporarily storing the dot density or the data derived therefrom and calling it up from the flexographic printing machine for printing with the flexographic printing forme and/or the sleeve.
• that the caching takes place on a central storage or a cloud storage.
• that the measuring device measures a Shore hardness of the flexographic printing form and transmits the Shore hardness or data derived therefrom to the flexographic printing machine.
• that to measure the shore hardness, a measuring plunger is placed on the flexographic printing form or on a measuring field of the flexographic printing form.
• the system comprises a plurality of anilox rollers of different screens and/or screen rulings, and that the flexographic printing press is operated when printing with a flexographic printing form with an anilox roller which is selected from the plurality of anilox rollers by computer using the point density of the flexographic printing form or data derived therefrom.
• that the selected screen roller has a screen which is finer than the screen of the flexographic printing form.

• dass die Markierung mit der maschinenlesbaren ID unter Einsatz eines Markierungsmittels erfolgt, welches von einem RFID-Chip verschieden ist.
• dass die Flexodruckform ein Messfeld zum Messen der Shorehärte umfasst.

A respective further development of the flexographic printing forme or sleeve for a flexographic printing forme according to the invention can be characterized in that:

• that the marking with the machine-readable ID takes place using a marking means which is different from an RFID chip.
• that the flexographic printing form includes a measuring field for measuring the shore hardness.

The features and combinations of features disclosed in the above sections Technical field, invention and developments as well as in the following section Working examples represent further advantageous developments of the invention - in any combination with one another.

Embodiments of the invention and figures

the Figures 1 to 5 show a flexographic printing machine, a measuring station with a measuring device (various embodiments) and a measuring method.

the figures 6 and 7 show a flexographic printing machine and a device for controlling the contact pressure or the contact pressure and figure 8 a procedure.

the figure 9 shows the captured image of a sleeve with two flexographic printing forms as an example.

Features corresponding to one another are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures. Reference symbols that are repeated in the figures have been partially omitted for the sake of clarity.

figure 1 shows a cross section of a rotatable carrier cylinder 1 of a measuring station 2, a sleeve 3 held on the carrier cylinder and a sleeve held on the sleeve, preferably attached to the sleeve by means of an adhesive tape 4 (or alternatively by means of an adhesive coating of the sleeve) (so-called "mounting") Printing plate 5 (flexographic printing form) to be measured, at least with regard to its topography, as a rotating body 6.

A motor 7 can be present in the measuring station for rotating the carrier cylinder during the measurement. The measuring station can be part of a so-called "mounter" (in which pressure plates are mounted on carrier sleeves) or can be provided separately from a "mounter". The measuring station can be provided separately from a printing press 8 (flexographic printing press)—with at least one printing unit 9 (flexographic printing unit) for the printing plate 5 and a dryer 10 for printing and drying a preferably web-shaped printing material 11. The printing plate is preferably a flexographic printing form with a diameter of 106 mm to 340 mm. The dryer is preferably a hot air dryer and/or a UV dryer and/or an electron beam dryer and/or an IR dryer. The sleeve can be pushed laterally onto the carrier cylinder. The carrier cylinder can have openings in its outer surface, from which - to widen the sleeve and to generate an air cushion when pushed on - compressed air can be ejected. After the measurement, the sleeve with the printing plate can be removed from the measuring device and pushed onto a printing cylinder of the printing unit in the printing press. A hydraulic clamping system can also be used as an alternative to the pneumatic clamping system.

figure 1 12 also shows a digital computer and/or digital memory 39, 39b, 123, 317, 401 and/or 403. The measuring device can generate data and transmit it to the computer/memory. The data can be measured values or data derived from them, which are generated when the sleeve 3 and/or the flexographic printing form(s) 5 are measured. Of the

Computer/memory can be part of the measuring device 2 or part of the flexographic printing machine 8; or can be provided separately, e.g. as a central computer/storage (e.g. a printing shop) or cloud-based. The computer/memory can transmit data to the flexographic printing machine, e.g. the measured values or the data derived therefrom or data further derived therefrom. The further derived data can be generated by a computer-implemented algorithm and/or an AI (Artificial Intelligence; software- and/or hardware-based, self- and machine-learning system). The computer/memory can receive data from several measuring stations and transmit data to several flexographic printing machines. The system consisting of flexographic printing machine(s), measuring station(s) and computer/memory allows for a high level of automation during printing, right through to autonomous printing; Error-prone inputs and/or changes to data on the part of the operator can be avoided in this advantageous way.

The measuring station 2 can be calibrated with the aid of measuring rings 12 on the carrier cylinder 1 . Alternatively, a measuring sleeve or the carrier cylinder itself can be used for calibration.

The following figures show preferred embodiments of devices for the non-contact measurement of elevations 13 on the surface 14 of a rotary body 6 designed as a flexographic printing form of the printing press 8 (cf. Figure 2C ). The elevations can be flexographic printing dots (in the grid) or flexographic printing areas (in the full area) of a flexographic printing plate. In the following exemplary embodiments, the measurement of a printing plate 5 is described as an example. By measuring the printing plate, an automatic presetting of the respective optimum working pressure between the cylinders involved in the printing process, eg screen cylinder 15, impression cylinder 16 with printing plate 5 and impression cylinder 17, is made possible.

the Figures 2A to 2C show a preferred embodiment of the device for measuring the topography of a printing plate 5; Figure 2A in cross section, Figure 2B in top view and Figure 2C an enlarged section Figure 2A . According to this embodiment, the topography is preferably recorded with a plurality of devices 18 as part of a 3D radius determination with an optional reference line.

In this and the following embodiments, "2D" means that a section of the printing plate 5 (e.g. annular height profile) is scanned and "3D" means that the entire printing plate 5 (e.g. cylindrical height profile composed of annular height profiles) is scanned.

The device comprises a plurality of radiation sources 19, in particular light sources 19, preferably LED light sources, at least one reflector 20, e.g. a mirror, and at least one light receiver 21, preferably an area camera and particularly preferably a high-speed camera. In the following, light sources are assumed to be the radiation sources, i.e. visible light is emitted. Alternatively, the radiation source can emit other electromagnetic radiation, e.g., infrared. The light sources are preferably arranged in a row perpendicular to the axis of rotation 22 of the carrier cylinder 1 and produce a light curtain 23, with the carrier cylinder 1 with sleeve 3 and printing plate 5, i.e. the contour, generating a shadow 24. The reflected and then received light 25, ie essentially the emitted light 23 without the light 24 shaded by the topography 13, carries information about the topography 13 to be measured. The reflector 20 can be designed as a reflective foil. The information can, for example, be information from the flexo form about printing or non-printing areas or their height and/or information from the flexo form about their local dot density.

The light source 19 is planar. The light source preferably emits visible light. The light sources 19 and light receivers 21 preferably cover the working width 26, ie the extension of the printing plate 5 in the direction of its axis 22 (eg 1650 mm). Preferably n light sources 19 and light receivers 21 can be provided, for example 2>n>69. A higher cap than 69 may be required when using smaller sized cameras. If the entire working width 26 is covered, the printing plate 5 can be measured during one revolution of the carrier cylinder 1. Otherwise, the light sources and light receivers must be moved or clocked in the axial direction 27 along the printing plate.

Inexpensive but fast-working cameras 21 are preferably used, e.g. black-and-white cameras. The cameras can record 5 individual images or a film as the printing plate rotates.

The device consisting of light sources 19, reflector 20 and light receiver 21 can preferably be moved in a direction 28 perpendicular to the axis 22 of the carrier cylinder 1 in order to direct the light strip 23 generated onto the topography 13 to be measured. A motor 29 can be present for this purpose. Provision can also be made for the reflector to be stationary and for only the light source and/or the light receiver to be moved, e.g. by a motor.

Contrary to what is shown, the topography 13 is preferably measured in a vertical direction (e.g. camera "below" and reflector "above") and not in a horizontal direction, since in this case a possible deflection of the carrier cylinder 1 and the reference object 30 can be ignored. In this preferred solution, you have to look at the Figure 2a rotated 90° clockwise.

A line-like object 30, preferably a taut thread 30 or a taut string 30, e.g. a metal wire or a carbon fiber or a knife (or a knife-like object or an object with a cutting edge) or a beam, is provided as an optional reference object 30, which a reference line 31 for the plurality of light receivers 21 is generated. The line-like object preferably extends parallel to the axis of the carrier cylinder 1 and is arranged at a small distance 32, for example 2 mm to 10 mm (maximum up to 20 mm), from its lateral surface 33 or the printing plate 5 arranged thereon. The received light 25 also contains information about the reference object 30 that can be evaluated, e.g. its location and/or distance from the (preferably etched and therefore lower than the elevations 13) surface 14 of the printing plate 5. The reference line can be used to calculate the radial distance R of the topography 13 or the contour or the contour elevations relative to the reference object 30, preferably using digital image processing. The distance of the reference object 30 from the axis 22 of the carrier cylinder 1 is known from the arrangement and/or motorized adjustment of the reference object 30 (optionally together with light source 19 and light receiver 21 and possibly reflector 20).

In this way, the radial distance between the contour elevations, i.e. the radius R of the pressure points, can be mathematically determined. Due to the use of the reference object 30 and thus the presence of shadowing caused by it or a reference line 31 corresponding to the shadowing (in the recorded image or from the received light) of each camera 21, an exact, e.g. pixel-precise alignment of the cameras to one another is not mandatory necessary. Furthermore, the reference object 30 can be used to calibrate the measuring system.

The reference object 30 can be coupled to the light source 19 and/or the motor 29 for movement or adjustment in the direction 28 . Alternatively, the reference object can have its own motor 29b for moving/adjusting.

For the initial referencing of the device, a measurement is preferably carried out with the ("empty") carrier cylinder or a measuring sleeve arranged thereon (measurement of the distance between the reference object and the surface from AS to BS).

To further initialize the device before the measurement process, the area camera 21 is preferably first moved in the direction 28 toward the carrier cylinder 1 . The movement is preferably stopped as soon as the camera detects the first elevation. Thereafter, the reference object 30 is preferably also moved in direction 28 up to a predetermined distance, e.g. 2 mm, from the carrier cylinder 1.

Alternatively, light source 19 and light receiver 21 can also be arranged on opposite sides of support cylinder 1; in this case the reflector 20 can be dispensed with.

The light source 19, the reflector 20 (if present according to the embodiment), the light receiver 21 and the optional reference object 30 preferably form a movable object (perpendicular to the axis 22 of the carrier cylinder). in particular a motorized adjustable or movable unit 34.

During the measurement, the carrier cylinder 1 rotates with the printing plate 5 located thereon, so that preferably all elevations 13 in the circumferential direction 35 can be detected. Depending on the angular position of the carrier cylinder 1, a topographical image and the radius R of individual elevations 13, e.g. flexographic printing dots, relative to the axis 22 or the diameter D (measured between opposite elevations) can be determined from this.

In the enlarged view of the Figure 2C a section of the topography 13 of the printing plate 5 is shown and the shading 24 of the topography and the shading 36 of the reference object 30 can be seen. The topography elevations 13 can be in the range from 2 μm to 20 mm.

A sensor 37 can also be provided, which detects the sleeve 3 and/or the pressure plate 5 using an identification feature 38 (cf. Figure 2B ) detected. This feature can be a barcode, a 2D code (eg QR code or data matrix code), an RFID chip or an NFC chip, for example.

The signals and/or data generated by the light receivers 21, which include information about the topography 13 of the measured surface 14 and about the reference object 30, are transmitted to a computer 39, preferably via a cable or radio link, and processed there. The computer is connected to the printing machine 8 . The computer 39 evaluates the information.

Before the measurement, the reference object 30 can be brought into the detection range of the light receiver 21 in order to calibrate the light receiver. The light receiver 21 detects the reference object and transmits the generated calibration signals to the computer 39 . The calibration data are recorded in the digital memory 40 of the computer 39 .

This makes it possible to store a virtual reference object in the computer 39 . The reference object 30 is then removed from the detection range of the light receiver 21 and the topography 39 of the surface 14 to be measured is further processed together with the virtual reference object.

The result of the evaluation is stored in a digital memory 40 of the computer, in a memory 40 of the printing press or in a cloud-based memory. The results are preferably stored in association with the respective identification feature 38 . When the printing plate 5 mounted on a sleeve (or the sleeve/flexographic printing form) is later used in the printing press 8, the identification feature 38 of the printing plate 5 or of the flexographic printing form (or the sleeve) can be read in again. The values stored for the identification feature 38 can then be called up, e.g. for the purpose of presetting. For example, it can be provided that the printing machine receives the data required for a print job from the cloud-based storage.

The result of the evaluation can preferably include up to four values: The operationally required pressure infeeds of the printing cylinder 16, i.e. the cylinder carrying the measured printing plate 5 on the two sides 41 or AS (drive side) and 42 or BS (operating side) against the impression cylinder 17 or printing material transport cylinder 17 and the operationally required print infeeds of an anilox roller 15 inking the measured printing plate 5 on the two sides 41 or AS (drive side) and 42 or BS (operating side) against the printing cylinder 16.

Furthermore, a device 43 for detecting the point density, for example via optical scanning, can be provided, preferably a CIS scanner bar (contact image sensor), a line camera, or a laser triangulation device. Alternatively, the device 43 can be a pivotable or movable mirror such that it can be used together with the light sources 19, 21 for measuring the point density. The device is preferably connected to a device for image processing and/or image evaluation, which is preferably the computer 39—or the computer 39 with corresponding programming—or which can be a further computer 39b.

A CIS scanner bar can be arranged axially parallel to the cylinder. It preferably includes LEDs for lighting and sensors for image recording (similar to a scanner bar in a commercial copier). The bar is preferably arranged at a distance of 1 to 2 cm from the surface or is positioned at this distance. The cylinder with the surface to be measured, e.g. the printing plate, rotates under the bar, which creates an image of the surface and provides an image evaluation for a point density evaluation. The data obtained from recording the dot density can also be used, for example, to select or recommend an anilox roller from a set of available anilox rollers that is optimal for printing with the recorded printing form.

the Figures 3A and 3B show a preferred embodiment of the device for measuring the topography of a printing plate 5; Figure 3A in cross section and Figure 3B in top view. According to this embodiment, the topography is preferably recorded with a laser micrometer 44 as part of a 2D diameter determination.

The device comprises a light source 19, preferably a linear LED light source 19 or a linear laser 19, and a light receiver 21, preferably a line camera 21. The laser and light receiver together form a laser micrometer 44. The light source 19 produces a light curtain 23 and the carrier cylinder 1 with sleeve 3 and pressure plate 5 creates a shading 24. The line lengths of the light source 19 and the light receiver 21 are preferably greater than the diameter D of the carrier cylinder including sleeve and pressure plate, in order to measure the topography without moving the device 44 perpendicular to the axis To allow 22 of the support cylinder. In other words: the cross-section of the carrier cylinder is completely in the light curtain.

The device 44 consisting of the light source 19 and the light receiver 21 can be moved parallel to the axis 22 of the carrier cylinder (in the direction 27) in order to cover the entire working width 26. A motor 45 can be present for this purpose.

A sensor 37 can be provided, which detects the sleeve 3 and/or the pressure plate 5 using an identification feature 38 (cf. Figure 2B ).

The signals and/or data generated by the light receivers 21 are transmitted to a computer 39, preferably via a cable or a radio link, and processed further there. The computer is connected to the printing machine 8 .

Alternatively, light source 19 and light receiver 21 can also be arranged on the same side of support cylinder 1; in this case, a reflector 20 is opposite, similar to that in FIGS Figures 2A to 2C arranged.

According to an alternative embodiment, the topography is preferably recorded with a laser micrometer 44 as part of a 2D diameter determination, in which not only a single measurement line 46, but a wider (dashed) measuring strip 47 from several (dashed) measuring lines 48 are recorded. In this exemplary embodiment, the light source 19 and light receiver 21 are preferably flat and not just in the form of lines. The light source 19 can comprise a plurality of lines of light 48 each having a width of approximately 0.1 mm and a distance of approximately 5 mm from one another. In this example, the camera is preferably designed as an area camera.

the Figures 4A and 4B show a preferred embodiment of the device for measuring the topography of a printing plate 5; Figure 4A in cross section and Figure 4B in top view. According to this embodiment, the topography is preferably recorded with a laser micrometer as part of a 2D radius determination.

The device comprises a light source 19, preferably an LED light source 19, and a light receiver 21, preferably a linear LED light source 21 or a linear laser 21. The light source 19 generates a light curtain 23 and the carrier cylinder 1 with sleeve 3 and printing plate 5 generates a shading 24.

The device consisting of the light source 19 and the light receiver 21 can preferably be moved in a direction 28 perpendicular to the axis 22 of the support cylinder 1 in order to Aiming the light curtain 23 at the topography 13 to be measured. A motor 29 can be present for this purpose. If the light curtain 23 is wide enough and therefore covers the measuring range, the motor 29 can be dispensed with.

The signals and/or data generated by the light receivers 21 are transmitted to a computer 39, preferably via a cable or a radio link, and processed further there. The computer is connected to the printing machine 8 .

Alternatively, light source 19 and light receiver 21 can also be arranged on the same side of the carrier cylinder; in this case, a reflector 20 is opposite, similar to that in FIGS Figures 2A to 2C arranged.

According to an alternative embodiment, the topography 13 is preferably recorded with a laser micrometer 44 as part of a 3D radius determination, with not just one measuring line 46 but a wider measuring strip 47 (shown in dashed lines), i.e. several measuring lines 48 being recorded at the same time. In this exemplary embodiment, the light source 19 and light receiver 21 are flat and not just in the form of lines.

According to a further alternative embodiment, the topography 13 is preferably recorded with a laser micrometer 44 as part of a 3D radius determination, with the device consisting of light source 19 and light receiver 21 preferably being able to be moved in a direction 28 perpendicular to the axis of the carrier cylinder 1 in order to Aiming the light curtain 23 at the topography 13 to be measured. A motor 29 (shown in dashed lines) can be present for this purpose.

According to an alternative embodiment, the topography 13 is preferably recorded with a laser micrometer 44 as part of a 3D radius determination, with the two latter alternative embodiments being combined.

figure 5 shows an exemplary and greatly enlarged topography measurement result of a printing plate 5 (flexographic printing form) with two printing areas 50 and two non-printing areas 51. The radial measurement results for 360° at an axial location (relative to the axis of the carrier cylinder) are shown. The non-printing areas can have been produced by etching, for example, and thus have a smaller radius than the printing areas.

The illustration also shows an enveloping radius 52 or an envelope 52 of those points of the pressure plate 5 with the largest radius, i.e. the highest elevations of the topography 13 at the axial location.

The point 53 of the printing plate 5 is a printing point, since this would have sufficient contact with the printing material and the ink-transferring anilox roller in printing operation with a normally set pressure or print infeed between the printing plate 5 and the printing material 11 or transport cylinder 17. Normally set pressure produces a so-called kiss print, in which the printing plate just touches the substrate and in which the flexo printing dots are not significantly squeezed.

The point 54 is a point which would just about print in the printing operation with the pressure set normally, since it would just about still be in contact with the printing material.

The two points 55 are points that would not print, since they would not have any contact with the printing material or with the anilox roller during printing with a normally set pressure.

A computer program runs on the computer 39 and calculates the radially lowest point 56 and its radial distance 57 from the envelope 52 in the printing area 50 , for example using digital image processing. This calculation is carried out at regular intervals in the axial direction, eg from AS to BS at all measuring points, and the respective maximum of the lowest points (ie the maximum lowest value) from AS to middle and from middle to BS is determined. The two maxima or infeed values or setting values determined from them by calculation can be selected, for example, as the respective infeed/setting on AS and BS during printing, ie the cylinder distance between the cylinders involved in printing is reduced by the infeed on AS and BS. A motor-driven threaded spindle can be used on the AS and on the BS for this purpose.

Below is a concrete numerical example:
On the one hand, the distance is deltaR=65µm and on the other, the distance is deltaR=55µm. In order for all dots 53 to 55 of the printing plate to print, 65 µm must be fed.

In all of the illustrated embodiments and the alternatives mentioned, the manufacturing-related and/or operational (due to wear and tear) concentricity of the sleeve 3 can also be measured and can be taken into account on the basis of the measurement and evaluation results during printing to improve the quality of the printed products produced. A warning can be issued if a specified concentricity tolerance is exceeded. The measurement can be carried out on smooth and porous sleeves.

Instead of light sources 19 or light emitters 19 (which emit visible light), radar emitters 19 (with appropriately adapted receivers) can also be used within the scope of the invention.

In all of the illustrated embodiments and their named alternatives, parameters for a dynamic print infeed can also be determined and transferred to the printing machine. For example, a known - (e.g. measured beforehand) and available to the computer 39 - delayed expansion of the deformable and/or compressible pressure points 53 to 55 made of polymer material can be taken into account. Or, a pre-determined durometer hardness of the printing plate can be used. This expansion can depend in particular on the operationally prevailing printing speed or this printing speed dependency can be taken into account. For example, at higher printing speeds, a higher pressure setting can be selected.

The printing surface of the printing plate 5 or the dot density, ie the spatially variable density of the printing dots on the printing plate 5 (alternatively or in addition to the print speed) must be taken into account: For example, with higher dot densities, a higher print offset can be selected and/or the dot density can be used when setting the dynamic print offset.

To determine the local point density, the received light 25, ie essentially the emitted light 23 without the light 24 shadowed by the topography 13, can be used. It carries information about the topography 13 to be surveyed and/or its surfaces and/or its elevations.

For this purpose, a device 43 for detecting or measuring the point density, i.e. its local values, on the printing form, e.g. flexographic printing form, can also be provided, preferably a CIS scanner bar or a line camera. It can be provided, for example, based on the data obtained/calculated from the dot density determination, default values for a different pressure adjustment on AS (drive side of the printing machine) and BS (operating side of the printing machine).

Knowing the dot density of the printing plate 5 and/or the inking anilox roller 15 and/or anilox sleeve 15, the ink consumption to be expected when printing with the printing plate on a given printing material 11 can be determined by calculation. The required drying power of the dryer 10 for drying the ink on the printing material can be determined by calculation from the ink consumption. Based on the calculated, anticipated ink consumption, an ink supply to be provided can also be calculated.

A so-called channel beating pattern can also be taken into account in all of the illustrated embodiments and the alternatives mentioned. A channel beat pattern is a disturbance that occurs periodically during the operational rotation of the printing plate 5 and is caused by a page width or at least disturbingly wide gap or channel in the printed image, i.e. a disturbingly large area without printing dots, or another axial channel is caused. The print quality can be adversely affected by such channels or their channel beating patterns, since the cylinders involved in printing are rotated as a result of the kiss print position recurring area of the canal and thus approach and repel rhythmically. In the worst case, this can lead to unwanted density fluctuations or even print failures. An existing sewer runout pattern can preferably be recorded using a CIS measuring device 43 (eg the above-mentioned swiveling or movable mirror together with the area cameras) or using an area camera and evaluated by computer and compensated for the pressure infeed required for operation. For example, on the basis of the recorded channel beating pattern, it can be predicted at which speeds or rotational frequencies of a printing press vibrations would occur. These speeds or rotational frequencies are then not used during production and are overrun, for example, when the machine is started up.

Each printing plate 5 can have an individual channel beating pattern. Channels in the printing form can have a negative impact on the print result or even lead to print failures. In order to mitigate or even eliminate channel beats, the pressure plate is checked for channels in the rolling direction. If the resonant frequencies of the printing unit 9 are known, production speeds can be calculated which are particularly unfavorable for a given printing form. These printing speeds should be avoided (so-called "no go speed").

In all of the illustrated embodiments and the alternatives mentioned, register marks (or several register marks, e.g. wedges, double wedges, dots or crosshairs) can also be detected on the printing form, e.g. using the camera 21 or 43 and downstream digital image processing, and their position measured. be stored and made available. This enables automatic adjustment of register controllers or their register sensors to the register marks or to axial positions. Errors caused by the otherwise customary manual setting of the sensors can thus be advantageously prevented. Alternatively, patterns can be captured and used to configure a register controller. Provision can also be made to automatically position a register sensor that can be moved by a motor, in particular in the axial direction. It can also be provided that a predetermined zero point of the angular position of a pressure cylinder and/or a sleeve arranged thereon has a To adjust the angular value of the actual location of a print image (e.g. glued on by hand), in particular in the circumferential direction (or of the cylinder/sleeve). An optimal starting value for the angular position of the cylinder/sleeve can be obtained from this comparison. In this way, print production can be started with reduced register deviation. The same applies to the lateral direction (or the cylinder/sleeve).

In all of the illustrated embodiments and their named alternatives, the output of the dryer 10 of the printing press 8 can also be controlled or regulated. For example, LED dryer segments can be switched off in areas where no printing ink has been transferred to the substrate, which means that advantageous energy savings and an increase in the lifespan of the LEDs are possible.

The output of the dryer 10 or the output of individual segments of the dryer for printing areas on the printing plate with a low dot density can also be advantageously reduced. This can save energy and/or extend the service life of the dryer or individual segments. Switching off or reducing can take place on the one hand in areas and on the other hand in a direction parallel and/or transverse to the axial direction of a printing plate or to the lateral direction of the printing material to be processed with it. For example, segments or modules of a dryer may be shut down in areas corresponding to gaps between (e.g., spaced, particularly hand-glued) printing plates.

In all of the illustrated embodiments and the alternatives mentioned, the respective location (on the printing plate 5) of measurement fields for print inspection systems can also be recorded and made available for further use, e.g. for setting the location of the print inspection systems.

An inline color measuring system can also be positioned in all of the illustrated embodiments and the alternatives mentioned. In order to determine the location and thus the position of the inline color measurement, image and/or pattern recognition is carried out, on the basis of which the axial position for the measurement system is determined. For a vacancy To enable calibration on the substrate, the inline color measurement system can be informed of free print areas.

An exemplary overall process that can be carried out with the device in a suitable embodiment is to be presented below.

measurement process:

• Step 1: Sleeve 3 with or without pressure plate 5 is pushed onto air-loaded carrier cylinder 1 of measuring station 2 via the air cushion and locked.
• Step 2: The sleeve is identified with a unique character string 38. This can be done using a barcode, 2D code (e.g. QR code or data matrix code), RFID code or NFC.
• Step 3: Camera 21 and optionally the reference object 30 are positioned according to the diameter (of the sleeve with or without the pressure plate).
• Step 4: Determination of the topography 13 of the printing plate with a reference point to the axis 6 or to the center point of the axis of the carrier cylinder 22, i.e. the radii of the elevations/pressure points 53 to 55. The light source 19 and the camera 21 of the measuring device 18 may move axially and the support cylinder rotates (its angular position is known via an encoder).
• Step 5: Performing an area scan to detect dot densities, free print spots, printing areas, register marks and/or measuring patches for inline color measurement.
• Step 6: Application of a topography algorithm running on a computer 39 and evaluation of the areas via the area scan with recognition of channel beat patterns and with register mark field structure or inline color measurement.
• Step 7: Optional determination of the panel hardness (in Shore units).
• Step 8: Application of a dust detector and/or a hair detector.
• Step 9: Saving the data of the measurement results in a digital memory 40.
• Step 10: Presentation of the measurement results with reference to dust/hairs or enclosed air bubbles and/or indication of limit values such as concentricity, eccentricity and/or crowning.
• Step 11: Possible to repeat the measurement or remove the sleeve to measure another sleeve.

set-up process:

• Step 1: sleeve 3 with printing plate 5 is pushed onto the air-loaded pressure cylinder 16 of the printing machine 8 via the air cushion and locked.
• Step 2: The sleeve is identified with its unique character string 38 by the respective printing unit 9 or a sensor located there. This can be done using a barcode, 2D code (e.g. QR code or data matrix code), RFID code or NFC.
• Step 3: The printing unit or printing machine fetches the stored data for the associated sleeve/printing plate that has been identified.

Setting process:

• Step 1: Delivery of the so-called "kissprint" (setting the pressure or working pressure) for printing cylinder 16 and anilox cylinder 15, e.g. based on topography, concentricity and printing material data for an optimal printing point. Diameter or radius are determined. Diameter and radius are known from measurements.
• Step 2: Calculation of the pre-register using register mark data on the printing plate or sleeve reference point.
• Step 3: Setting the dynamic print infeed based on determined dot density values and printed area and speed and optionally the printing material. Optional consideration of the plate hardness (in the Shore unit).
• Step 3: Setting the optimum material web speed, e.g. by calculating the resonance frequencies determined between the printing unit and the printing plate using channel beat pattern recognition.
• Step 5: Setting the optimal drying performance (UV or hot air) based on dot density values and printed area, as well as anilox cylinder data (cupping volume, etc.) optionally dynamically adapted to the web speed.
• Step 6: Calculation of ink consumption based on dot density values and printed area, as well as screen cylinder data (cupping volume, etc.).
• Step 7: Reduce or switch off LED UV drying sections in places where there is a low density of dots on the printing plate or where drying is not needed, thus saving energy and the lifespan of the LED lamps to increase.
• Step 8: Fully automatic setting of the register controller based on the register mark data obtained, e.g. mark configuration and automatic, axial positioning of the register sensor.
• Step 9: Setting the measurement position for the inline spectral measurement and print inspection of the printed colors, providing the information about the location or measurement position.

figure 6 shows an example of a web-processing flexographic printing machine 100 when carrying out a method within the scope of the invention.

The machine 100 is installed in series and has two longitudinal sides: a drive side 100a and an opposite operating side 100b. The machine processes or prints a web of printing material 102, preferably made of paper, cardboard, cardboard, foil or composite material. The web can be provided by means of a roll unwinder. The machine includes a plurality of printing units 103, preferably one after the other. Each printing unit includes at least one motor 104 for driving the printing unit or at least one cylinder of the printing unit during printing. After printing, the web can be further processed, e.g. punched

The machine 100 comprises a plurality of printing cylinders 105 and 121, in particular flexographic printing cylinders, and associated impression cylinders 106 and anilox rollers 107 (cf. also figure 7 ). A printing form 108 (a so-called cliché) with a printed image 109 made up of printing and non-printing areas is accommodated on each printing cylinder, in particular a flexographic printing form, eg a flexographic printing plate, with raised, printing areas.

Each printing unit 103, but at least one or two printing units, preferably includes a control device 115 with a respective actuator 116 or 122.

The machine 100 also includes a digital computer 123. Connections for signaling and data exchange with the machine or its components, such as the motors 104 or actuators 116, are present but are not shown for the sake of clarity.

figure 7 shows a control device 115 when carrying out a method within the scope of the invention.

The impression cylinder 106 is accommodated on at least one side (drive side 101a or AS or operating side 101b or BS) in a frame 110 of the machine 101; the pressure cylinder 105 with its pin 111 in a bearing 112 of a bearing block 113. The bearing block can be displaced relative to the frame, preferably horizontally. A guide 114 is provided for this purpose.

There is a device 115 for controlling AS and/or BS, preferably for controlling the position of the impression cylinder 5 and/or preferably for controlling the contact pressure or the contact pressure between the impression cylinder 105 and the impression cylinder 106. The device includes an actuator 116, preferably one Electric motor 117, particularly preferably a servo motor 117, which includes an encoder 118. The transmitter 118 can be an encoder 119 or can include an encoder 119 . A spindle 120 , preferably a ball screw spindle, is coupled or attached to the actuating drive 116 , which, in cooperation with the guide 114 , converts the rotational movement of the actuating motor into a linear movement of the bearing block 113 .

The digital computer 123 is connected to the servomotor 116 . The digital computer can control or regulate the rotary movements of the servomotor. In this way, the position and/or the contact pressure or the contact pressure of the impression cylinder 105 on the counter-pressure cylinder 106 can be adjusted, in particular controlled or regulated. According to the invention, the setting can be made as a function of a point density of the flexographic printing form, ie a location-dependent density of printing elevations of the flexographic printing form, - or data derived from it by computation - take place. The adjustment can be made dynamically, ie as a function of the rotational speed of the flexographic printing cylinder 105, in particular during printing. A further contact pressure, ie a contact pressure between the flexographic printing cylinder 105 and the anilox roller 107, can be set by motor. The motor 117 or another motor (not shown) can be provided for this purpose. The further contact pressure can be set dynamically during printing, ie as a function of the rotational speed of the printing cylinder, or as a function of a point density of the flexographic printing form, ie a location-dependent density of printing elevations on the flexographic printing form, or data derived therefrom mathematically.

figure 8 shows selected steps of a preferred embodiment of a method within the scope of the invention.

The digital computer 123 is shown schematically, which monitors the exemplary four printing units and, in doing so, examines or analyzes the faults by computation and thereby compensates for them, reduces them or prevents them. A diagram is shown for each printing unit (from top to bottom: first to fourth printing unit), with the amplitude of a disturbance being shown over the printing speed.

In the example shown, a fault 124 occurs in a first printing unit, depending on the printing speed, and a further fault 125 occurs in a further, for example third, printing unit. These faults are recognized by the digital computer 123 at the respective printing speeds. The recognition can take place by comparing the amplitude with a predetermined threshold value. If, for example, a fault is detected at a first printing speed 127, the printing speed can be changed until there is no fault at a second printing speed, neither at the first printing unit nor at another. The machine 1 is then operated at this second printing speed. In other words: the printing speed is, for example, increased (or reduced) until there are no faults in any of the printing units.

figure 9 shows a captured image 410 of a sleeve 300 and, by way of example, two flexographic printing forms 301 and 302. The image is preferably captured or generated by a camera 400, in particular in a measuring station 2. The image can be transmitted to a computer 401. The computer 39 can do this Figure 2a be. The image can be subjected to computational image processing. Information or data can be obtained in the process. This data can be stored for an ID or an identifier 316 of the sleeve in a digital memory 317 and made available to the flexographic printing machine when the sleeve is used, stating the ID.

A detected area 303 with a high point density and a detected area 304 with a low point density are shown as an example. The areas can be recognized and separated using image processing technology and preferably coded in color. Knowing the local dot densities of the entire flexographic printing forme 301 (and the additional flexographic printing forme 302) can be used to calculate a preset value for the so-called pressure adjustment, i.e. for setting the contact pressure between the flexographic printing cylinder and the impression cylinder (and/or anilox roller) when using the sleeve.

A captured channel 305 is also shown as an example. There are no (or essentially no) printing elevations of the flexographic printing forme 301 in the area of the channel 305. The channel 305 extends primarily in the axial y-direction and due to its y-length (and x- Width) critical with regard to possible channel impacts when passing through the printing gap and thus with regard to possible disturbing vibrations when operating the flexographic printing machine. The gaps 306 and 307, which are also shown as examples, are not critical in this regard due to their dimensions and/or adjacent/adjacent printing locations 307a. The same applies to the gap 308 between the two flexographic printing forms 301 and 302 mounted at a distance from one another (eg glued to the sleeve 300). The gap 309 between the front and rear edge of the flexographic printing form 301 can, however, be critical. Critical gaps are identified by computation and preferably identified as channels.

A register mark 310 and a register mark 311 are also shown by way of example. Likewise, color measuring fields 312 and 313. In the example shown, the marks and fields are arranged in respective control strips 314 and 315. The marks and fields are preferably also captured by the camera 400 and recognized and separated by image processing. Your determined position data (x-y localization) are saved to the sleeve ID 316.

A so-called error mark 318 for detecting an assembly error of a flexographic printing form or several flexographic printing forms on the sleeve or on several sleeves is also shown as an example. Their position data is also saved for the sleeve ID 316.

figure 9 Figure 12 also shows a sensor 402. The sensor 402 may be a register sensor and/or a spectrometer. This is arranged in particular in the flexographic printing unit of the flexographic printing machine and is aimed at the printing material web 11 . The sensor is connected to a computer 403 and can be moved by a motor (by means of the motor 404) in the axial y-direction 405 and can therefore be positioned automatically. Using the data generated from image 410 and making it available to the printing press when using sleeve 300, the sensor can move along printing substrate 11 to the y-position of a mark 310, 311 to be printed and detected and/or the same or another Sensor in the field 312, 313 z. B. for color inspection with a spectrometer along the printing material 11 are positioned. The sensor transmits the data generated by the sensor to the computer 403 , which can be identical to the computer 401 and/or to the computer 39 .

Reference List

1

carrier cylinder

2

measuring station

3

sleeve

3a

ID of the sleeve

4

duct tape

5

Printing plate or flexographic printing form

5a

ID of the printing plate or flexographic printing form

6

Rotating body or flexographic printing form

7

first engine

8th

Printing machine or flexographic printing machine

9

Printing unit or flexographic printing unit

10

dryer

11

substrate

12

measuring rings

13

Elevations/Topography

14

surface

15

Anilox roller/anilox cylinder

15a

ID of the anilox roll/cylinder

16

pressure cylinder

17

Impression cylinder/printing material transport cylinder

18

measuring device

19

Radiation sources, in particular light sources

20

reflector or mirror

21

Radiation receivers, in particular light receivers, e.g. cameras

22

axis of rotation

23

Light curtain/emitted light

24

shadowing

25

reflected light

26

working width

27

axial direction

28

direction of movement

29

second engine

29b

another second engine

30

Reference object/line-like object, especially thread/string/knife/bar

31

reference line

32

Distance

33

lateral surface

34

Unit

35

circumferential direction

36

shadowing

37

sensor

38

Identification feature or ID

39

digital calculator

39b

another digital calculator

40

digital storage

41

drive side (AS)

42

Operating side (BS)

43

Device for detecting the point density

44

laser micrometer

45

third engine

46

measuring line

47

gages

48

several measurement lines

50

printing area

51

non-printing area

52

enveloping radius/envelope

53

printing point of the printing plate

54

point of the printing plate that is just about to be printed

55

non-printing point of the printing plate

56

deepest point

57

radial distance

58

marking agent

59

Measuring field for measuring shore hardness

60

engine

62

Device for recording the ID

100

rotary printing press

100a

Drive side/AS

100b

Operating side/BS

102

substrate web

103

printing works

104

Engines

105

pressure cylinder

105a

sleeve

106

Impression cylinder

107

anilox roller

108

Printing form/cliché

109

print image

110

frame

111

cylinder pin

112

warehouse

113

bearing block

114

guide

115

Device for regulation

116

actuator

117

electric motor or servomotor

118

giver

119

encoders

120

spindle

121

Another pressure cylinder

122

actuator

123

digital calculator

124

disturbances

125

More glitches

126

output signals

127

first print speed

128

second print speed

129

dryer

130

ID

300

sleeve

301

flexographic form

302

Another flexographic form

303

Area of high point density

304

Area of low dot density

305

channel

306

Gap, non-printing spot

307

Gap, non-printing spot

307a

printing place

308

Gap between flexographic printing forms

309

gap

310

registration mark

311

registration mark

312

color patch

313

color patch

314

control strips

315

control strips

316

ID

317

Storage

318

error mark

400

camera

401

computer

402

sensor

403

computer

404

engine

405

direction of movement

410

picture

R

radial distance

D

diameter

x

direction (circumferential direction)

y

direction (axial direction)

Claims (31)

Method for operating a flexographic printing machine, with a printing cylinder (16, 105) carrying a sleeve (3, 105a) with at least one flexographic printing form (5, 108) or with a flexographic printing cylinder and an impression cylinder (17, 106), the contact pressure between the printing cylinder or the flexographic printing cylinder and the impression cylinder are adjusted by a motor,
characterized,
that the adjustment takes place automatically as a function of a dot density (303, 304) of the flexographic printing form, ie a location-dependent density of printing elevations of the flexographic printing form, or data derived therefrom mathematically. Method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the adjustment is made dynamically during printing, ie depending on the rotational speed of the printing cylinder. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the dot density of the flexographic printing form is measured without contact. Method according to claim 3,
characterized,
that the dot density of the flexographic printing form is measured in a measuring device before printing. Method according to claim 4,
characterized,
that a camera (21, 400) is used during measurement. Method according to claim 5,
characterized,
that when measuring the entire print image of a flexographic printing form is recorded. Method according to claim 6,
characterized,
that during measurement at least one or at least two flexographic printing forms are mounted on a sleeve and recorded. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the dot density is calculated from preliminary data for the production of the flexographic printing form. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that a calculation of setting values takes place. Method according to claim 9,
characterized,
that the setting values are transmitted to a controller of a motor for setting the contact pressure. Method according to claim 9 or 10,
characterized,
that the calculation is carried out as a function of a point density of the flexographic printing form, ie a location-dependent density of printing elevations of the flexographic printing form—or data derived therefrom by computation. Method according to claim 9, 10 or 11,
characterized,
that the calculation is additionally carried out as a function of a specified or measured Shore hardness of the flexographic printing form--or data derived therefrom mathematically. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that the flexographic printing machine comprises an anilox roller (15, 107) for inking the flexographic printing form. Method according to claim 13,
characterized,
that the anilox roller is marked with an ID (15a) and the ID is recorded in the flexographic printing machine. Method according to claim 14,
characterized,
that a further contact pressure, ie a contact pressure between the printing cylinder and the anilox roller, is adjusted by a motor. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized,
that a calculated target value of the setting value of the contact pressure is compared with a detected actual value of the setting value of the contact pressure during trouble-free printing and that a deviation of the target value from the actual value is calculated from the comparison and that a correction value is calculated. Flexographic printing machine, with at least one flexographic printing unit - comprising a printing cylinder carrying a sleeve with at least one flexographic printing forme or a flexographic printing cylinder, an impression cylinder and an anilox roller - the flexographic printing machine being operated for printing a printing material with flexographic printing ink according to one of the preceding methods,
characterized,
that the flexographic printing machine comprises at least one servomotor (116, 117) for the automatic adjustment of the contact pressure between the printing cylinder or the flexographic printing cylinder and the impression cylinder. Flexographic printing machine according to claim 17,
characterized,
that the servomotor is arithmetically controlled or regulated using the point density or data derived therefrom in such a way that the contact pressure between the printing cylinder and the impression cylinder has a predetermined value or a predetermined value range. Flexographic printing machine according to claim 17 or 18,
characterized,
that the flexographic printing machine includes a dryer (10,129) for drying the printing material and/or the flexographic printing ink. Flexographic printing machine according to claim 19,
characterized,
that the performance of the dryer can be modified computationally using the point density or data derived therefrom. Flexographic printing machine according to claim 19 or 20,
characterized,
that the performance of the dryer can be changed with the additional computational use of the transfer volume of the anilox roller. System consisting of a flexographic printing machine according to one of Claims 17 to 21 and a measuring device for measuring the point density of the flexographic printing form, characterized in that
that the measuring device measures the dot density of the flexographic printing form and transmits the dot density or data derived from it to the flexographic printing machine. System according to claim 22,
characterized,
that the flexographic printing form and/or the sleeve is marked with a machine-readable ID (3a, 5a, 38, 130, 316). System according to claim 23,
characterized,
that the ID is designed as a unique identifier for the sleeve. System according to claim 24,
characterized,
that the identifier comprises several digits and/or letters and/or special characters. System according to one of claims 22 to 25,
characterized,
that the measuring device indirectly transmits the dot density or data derived therefrom together with the ID to the flexographic printing machine by temporarily storing the dot density or the data derived therefrom and calling it up from the flexographic printing machine for printing with the flexographic printing forme and/or the sleeve. System according to one of claims 22 to 26,
characterized,
that the measuring device measures a Shore hardness of the flexographic printing form and transmits the Shore hardness or data derived therefrom to the flexographic printing machine. System according to one of claims 22 to 27,
characterized,
that the system comprises a plurality of anilox rollers of different screens and/or screen rulings and that the flexographic printing machine is operated when printing with a flexographic printing form with an anilox roller which is selected from the plurality of anilox rollers by computer using the point density of the flexographic printing form or data derived therefrom. A flexographic printing forme or sleeve for a flexographic printing forme, the flexographic printing forme or sleeve being marked with a machine-readable ID, for use in a method according to any one of claims 1 to 16 or for use in a flexographic printing machine according to any one of claims 17 to 21 or for use in one System according to any one of claims 22 to 28,
characterized,
that the machine-readable ID (3a, 5a, 38, 130, 316) is read out by machine and stored on a computer (39, 39b, 123, 317, 401, 403) for retrieval. Flexographic printing forme or sleeve for a flexographic printing forme according to claim 29,
characterized,
that the marking with the machine-readable ID takes place using a marking means (58) which is different from an RFID chip. Flexographic printing forme or sleeve for a flexographic printing forme according to claim 29 or 30,
characterized,
that the flexographic printing form includes a measuring field (59) for measuring the shore hardness.

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