EP3987086A1 - Procede de preparation de nanoparticules d'or pentamaclees a haute concentration - Google Patents
Procede de preparation de nanoparticules d'or pentamaclees a haute concentrationInfo
- Publication number
- EP3987086A1 EP3987086A1 EP20733436.8A EP20733436A EP3987086A1 EP 3987086 A1 EP3987086 A1 EP 3987086A1 EP 20733436 A EP20733436 A EP 20733436A EP 3987086 A1 EP3987086 A1 EP 3987086A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gold
- suspension
- seeds
- nanoparticles
- growth solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/02—Elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/60—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape characterised by shape
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B7/00—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions
- C30B7/14—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions the crystallising materials being formed by chemical reactions in the solution
Definitions
- gold nanoparticles make them a material of interest in the fields of biology and medical applications (contrast or therapeutic agents, diagnostic imaging, drug delivery systems) or in the field of electronic, photovoltaic devices. , as well as in that of catalytic processes.
- top down because they start from a solid material and go towards the smallest sizes
- bottom-up chemicals because they start from molecules to gradually form a nanoparticle
- citrate reduction method in which a certain amount of sodium citrate solution is poured quickly into a boiling solution of chloroauric acid diluted to about 0.25 mM.
- chloroauric acid breaks down, releasing atoms of gold which gradually clump together into increasingly larger nanoparticles.
- This process is widely used because it does not involve the use of reagents other than chloroauric acid and citrate.
- this process remains limited due to the fact that only spherical particles can be obtained, and that their size is difficult to adjust.
- a major drawback of most of the existing methods lies in the low concentration of nanoparticles in the suspensions obtained, less than one milli molar, typically of the order of 0.5 mM (0.1 g / L).
- Post-synthesis concentration and purification steps are possible, but generally expensive, time consuming and generate a large amount of waste (several liters / tens of liters of water with surfactants and metal salts per gram of particles prepared).
- these post-synthesis steps may have the effect of degrading the overall yield of the reaction, in particular due to the loss of morphology of part of the nanoparticles during their use.
- FIG. 1 represents a spectrum of bipyramidal gold nanoparticles obtained according to the method of the invention from fresh recreated seeds or after storage for 20 months.
- FIG. 2 represents a spectrum of bipyramidal gold nanoparticles obtained by the method not in accordance with the invention at a gold concentration in the form of nanoparticles of 3 and 6 mM.
- FIG. 3 represents a spectrum of bipyramidal gold nanoparticles obtained according to the method of the invention from seeds and recreated seeds.
- Figure 4 shows a spectrum of gold nanoparticles obtained by the process of the invention with catechol or 3-methoxycatechol at a gold concentration in the form of nanoparticles of 15 and 28 mM.
- Figure 5 shows a spectrum of bipyramidal gold nanoparticles obtained using different volumes ( ⁇ l) of a solution comprising 40 mM AgNO3 in the. suspension of gold seeds (first number) and growth solution (second number), with 15 mM HAuCU, 80 ⁇ l of gold seeds.
- FIG. 6a [Fig. 6b] Figures 6a and 6b illustrate spectra (6a) and TEM micrographs (6b) of bipyramidal gold nanoparticles obtained according to the process of the invention using 15mM of HAuCU and catechol as reducing agent.
- FIG. 7a [Fig. 7b] [Fig. 7c] Figures 7a, 7b and 7c illustrate spectra (7a, 7b) and TEM micrographs (7c) of spherical gold nanoparticles (h, i and j) and nanodecahedron (k, l and m) obtained according to the process of the invention using 15 mM HAuCU and catechol as reducing agent.
- FIG. 8a [Fig. 8b]
- Figures 8a and 8b illustrate spectra (8a) and TEM micrographs (8b) of five-pointed star-based structures.
- the letters correspond to the following shapes: n and o: gold nanoparticles in the shape of a dumbbell and a carom; p: five-pointed star; q: bipyramidal star fruit.
- FIG. 9a [Fig. 9b] Figures 9a and 9b illustrate TEM spectra (9a) and micrographs (9b). On the spectra (9a) and TEM micrographs (9b), the letters correspond to the following forms: r and s: multibranched particles; t: pentamaclated nano rods; u: nanojavelots.
- FIG. 10 represents a spectrum comparing nanoparticles obtained by the method according to the invention, in a batch of 20 mg or in a batch of 500 mg.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic representation of the influence of certain parameters on the shape of the gold nanoparticles obtained with the process of the invention.
- the aim of the invention is to overcome all or part of the drawbacks of the prior art and to propose a process making it possible to prepare large quantities of pentamaclated nanoparticles, in particular bipyramidal, the populations of nanoparticles obtained having a large level of purity of form and low dispersion in size.
- the invention relates to a process for preparing pentamaclated gold nanoparticles comprising at least the following steps: i) providing a suspension of gold seeds comprising gold seeds, a cationic surfactant and at least one inert solvent, the temperature of said suspension being between 30 and 75 ° C; ii) providing a growth solution comprising a gold salt, a cationic surfactant, a reducing agent, said reducing agent being an aromatic compound comprising at least one aromatic nucleus bearing at least one hydroxyl group, and optionally at least one base; iii) subjecting the gold germ suspension from step i) to a growth treatment comprising the following steps: iii 1) adding the growth solution from step ii) in a controlled manner to the germ suspension or of step i);
- step 1112 maintain the temperature of the mixture obtained in step iiii) at a temperature between 30 ° C and 75 ° C for at least 5 minutes.
- An advantage of the process according to the invention is that it makes it possible to control the morphology, the size and the plasmonic properties of the nanoparticles obtained.
- the process allows the preparation at high concentration of gold nanoparticles in the form of bipyramids, five-pointed star, sphere, decahedron, carom, nanjavelin, multi-branched particles or nanodigestones.
- the process of the invention exhibits an excellent mass yield of gold, preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 95%.
- the mass yield of gold is understood to mean the mass ratio between the quantity of gold introduced into the process, in particular in the form of gold seeds and gold salts, and the quantity of gold isolated under form of nanoparticles at the end of the process.
- the method of the invention has the advantage of being easily industn 'alisable and economic reagents.
- the invention relates to a suspension capable of being obtained by the process of the invention, characterized in that it comprises from 1 to 10 g / L of pentamaclated gold nanoparticles.
- the term gold particles indifferently denotes the gold seeds used in the process and the gold nanoparticles obtained by the process of the invention.
- the gold particles typically have at least one of their dimensions of nanometric size (10 9 meters).
- the particles have a size varying from around ten nanometers to a few hundred nanometers.
- the size of gold particles is measured from the shape of the particles on one or more transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or scanning (SEM) images.
- TEM transmission electron microscopy
- SEM scanning
- size is understood to mean the number-average size of all the gold particles of a given population, this size being conventionally determined by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- This average particle size (in number) is measured from the individual sizes of an assembly of particles on one or more electron microscopy images. The magnification is chosen in a reasonable manner, so that the particles are reasonably defined and present in sufficient number. Under these conditions, the analysis of a reasonable number of images, for example of the order of twenty images, makes it possible to characterize the particles in a safe and reliable manner.
- the size of a gold particle corresponds to the size of at least one of its characteristic dimensions.
- the characteristic dimension of a particle is a function of its shape.
- the size of a bipyramid-shaped gold particle is represented by its length (along the longitudinal axis of the particle) or its diameter (along the transverse axis of the particle), optionally by the couple represented by its length and diameter.
- the size of a decahedron-shaped gold particle is represented by the diameter of its circumscribed circle, and optionally its thickness.
- the size of a sphere-shaped gold particle is represented by its diameter.
- the gold particles can optionally be characterized by a form factor (aspect ratio).
- the form factor is defined by the ratio L: l, L being the dimension along the central axis of the structure (longitudinal) and l the dimension along the axis perpendicular (transverse) to the axis of symmetry of the structure.
- the bipyramid-shaped gold nanoparticles typically have a form factor between 2 and 5, and in most cases between 2.5 and 4.5.
- Nanjavelin-shaped gold nanoparticles typically have a form factor greater than 5. Decahedron- or star-shaped nanoparticles of gold typically have a form factor of less than 1.
- Carom or rod-shaped gold nanoparticles typically have a form factor greater than 1, and have a constant apparent diameter unlike bipyramid-shaped nanoparticles.
- Multi-branched particle-shaped gold nanoparticles typically have a form factor of 1 because they fit into a sphere.
- the properties of these particles are typically further defined by the ratio of core size to branch length.
- the process of the invention makes it possible to obtain shaped, pure, monodisperse nanoparticles.
- the expression monodisperse particles means gold particles exhibiting a size polydispersity of at most about 15%, preferably at most about 10%, and more preferably at most about 7%. , said polydispersity being measured by electron microscopy.
- the polydispersity corresponds to a dimensionless index calculated as the ratio of the standard deviation of the size distribution to the average height (arithmetic mean) from a size histogram obtained by measuring the individual sizes of a assembly of particles on one or more electron microscopy images.
- the magnification is chosen in a reasonable manner, so that the particles are reasonably defined and present in sufficient number. Under these conditions, the analysis of a reasonable number of images, for example of the order of twenty images, makes it possible to characterize the particles in a safe and reliable manner.
- the expression pure particles in shape means that at least 90% (by number) approximately, preferably at least 95% (by number) approximately, and more preferably at most 97% ( in number), particles have the expected shape, said shape being measured from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images.
- TEM transmission electron microscopy
- the measurement of the form purity can be carried out by evaluating as a percentage the number of particles having the expected form within an assembly of particles on one or more electron microscopy images the magnification of which is chosen in a reasonable manner, in a manner that the particles are reasonably defined and present in sufficient number. Under these conditions, the analysis of a reasonable number of images, for example of the order of twenty images, makes it possible to characterize the particles in a safe and reliable manner.
- the monodispersity and the shape purity of the gold nanoparticles obtained by the process allow a homogeneous plasmon response (i.e. homogeneous opto-electronic properties over an entire batch of particles).
- NIR near infrared spectrophotometry
- UV-VIS ultraviolet-visible
- the monodispersity for example using the width at mid-height of the absorption bands conventionally denoted LMH in French or FWHM in English, or the intensity ratio between the different absorption bands
- certain absorption bands make it possible to identify the presence of nanoparticles of certain shapes.
- the presence of an absorption band in the range of approximately 530-560nm identifies the presence of spheres / spheroids.
- nanoparticles obtained by the process are pentamaclated.
- pentamaclé means a crystalline structure which is in the form of a multiple twin comprising five cn 'gold stallites coupled two by two about a central axis.
- a pentamaclated gold particle exhibits a twin pentagonal symmetry structure. This crystalline property is commonly referred to as “pentatwinned” anglicism.
- the nanoparticles obtained are therefore not amorphous.
- Each of the gold particles i.e. gold seeds or gold nanoparticles
- Each of the gold particles preferably comprises five gold crystallites coupled in pairs around a central axis.
- the crystal structure of the gold particles in particular their pentamaclea structure, can be verified from the shape of the particles on one or more transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images.
- TEM transmission electron microscopy
- the concentrations of gold particles are expressed differently depending on whether they are gold seeds used in the process and the gold nanoparticles obtained by the process of the invention.
- the concentrations of gold seeds are expressed in the form of a molar concentration “of gold seeds”, in other words a molar concentration of particles.
- the molar concentration of gold germ is conventionally defined by the molar concentration of gold divided by the average molar mass of a gold germ, obtained by simple calculation from the average volume of a germ estimated by microscopy images electronic transmission.
- the molar concentration of gold particles is independent of the size of the seeds considered.
- the concentrations of gold nanoparticles obtained by the process of the invention are expressed in the form of a molar concentration of "gold in the form of nanoparticles".
- This molar concentration of gold in the form of nanoparticles can be easily measured by analysis techniques known to those skilled in the art, such as analysis by mass spectrometry coupled to an inductive plasma (abbreviated ICP-MS).
- ICP-MS inductive plasma
- the molar concentration of gold in the form of nanoparticles varies according to the size of the seeds considered.
- the metallic composition of the gold particles does not take into account any organic compounds on the surface of the particles, such as surfactants.
- This metallic composition can be measured by analysis techniques known to those skilled in the art, such as analysis by mass spectrometry coupled to an inductive plasma (abbreviated ICP-MS).
- the gold particles of the invention are individual. In other words, the particles are not related to each other. Gold particles are therefore not in the form of a compact structure, but in the form of individual particles.
- the gold particles of the invention are also not preferably agglomerated.
- gold salt denotes gold (III) or gold (I) compounds which can be dissolved or dispersed in the aqueous solutions of the surfactants used.
- the gold salt is preferably a halogenated gold salt, preferably selected from HAuCU, NaAuCU, KAuCU, NaAuBr4, KAuBr4 or HAuBr4, or a mixture thereof.
- the degree of hydration of said gold salts is not important in the present invention.
- silver salt denotes a silver salt chosen from silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver trifluoroacetate and silver sulfate, or one of theirs. mixtures.
- the preferred silver salt is silver nitrate.
- inert solvent means a solvent which does not modify the structural properties of gold nanoparticles.
- the inert solvent preferably comprises water, more preferably a mixture comprising at least 50% by volume of water, preferably at least 80% by volume of water and one or more solvents such as an alcohol or an ether.
- the alcohol is preferably chosen from ethanol, propanol and methanol.
- the ether is preferably tetrahydrofuran (THF).
- Preferred inert solvents are water / ethanol, water / methanol, water / propanol, water / THF mixtures, in a proportion of 85/15.
- the first subject of the invention is therefore a process for preparing pentamaclated gold nanoparticles.
- the gold seed suspension comprises gold seeds and a cationic surfactant and at least one inert solvent, the temperature of said solution being between 30 and 75 ° C.
- the expression gold seeds refers to gold particles which have an average size (in number) of at least 1 nm, advantageously at least approximately 3 nm, preferably between 1 and approximately 500 nm, more preferably between 1 nm and 50 nm, more preferably still between approximately 3 nm and 50 nm, more preferably between approximately 3 nm and 10 nm.
- golden seeds are individual.
- the gold seeds exhibit a monomodal size distribution.
- the gold seeds exhibiting a size polydispersity of at most approximately 15%, preferably at most approximately 10%, and more preferably at most approximately 7%, said polydispersity being measured by electron microscopy.
- the gold seeds comprise at least 50 mol% approximately gold, preferably 80 mol% gold, more preferably at least 90 mol% gold, and preferably at least 98 mol% approximately of gold, the remainder possibly being a doping metal chosen from palladium, copper, silver or platinum or a mixture thereof.
- the gold seeds comprising a doping metal can be used in the preparation process of the invention without particular difficulty.
- the nanoparticles obtained according to the process from seeds of gold comprising a doping metal have a structure of the core-shell type, in which the core comprises a gold-metal alloy dopant and a bark made of gold. This can be useful for certain applications such as medical imaging.
- the gold seeds comprise at least 95 mole% gold, more preferably consist of gold.
- each of the gold seeds preferably comprises five gold crystallites coupled in pairs around a central axis.
- These gold seeds can be prepared by techniques known to those skilled in the art, for example that detailed inlent et al. , 2015, Nanoscale 7, 1934-1943.
- the suspension of gold seeds can, for example, be prepared by the method of reduction in preference to citrate of a solution of gold salt, preferably of chloroauric acid.
- the method of the invention may comprise a step of preparing gold seeds, said step comprising the reduction of a gold salt such as HAuCU with a base such as NaBhU in the presence of a cationic surfactant such as CTAB, in order to form said gold seeds.
- a gold salt such as HAuCU with a base such as NaBhU
- CTAB cationic surfactant
- step io) comprises:
- step ioi preparing a solution comprising a cationic surfactant such as CTAC, a gold salt such as HAuCU and citric acid or oleylamine hydrochloride; advantageously, the solution of step ioi is thermostatically controlled at a temperature between 19 and 21 ° C.
- a cationic surfactant such as CTAC
- a gold salt such as HAuCU and citric acid or oleylamine hydrochloride
- step ioi adding to the solution of step ioi a solution comprising a strong reducing agent such as NaBH4, L1BH4, or (n-Bu) 4NBH4, preferably NaBH4 and preferably a base such as NaOH or KOH in order to stabilize it, said addition being carried out very quickly, preferably within 1 to 2 seconds; said solution is then advantageously brought to a temperature between 80 ° C and 85 ° C, preferably 83 ° C for at least 50 minutes, preferably between 60 and 180 minutes, then allowed to cool to room temperature.
- a strong reducing agent such as NaBH4, L1BH4, or (n-Bu) 4NBH4
- NaBH4 preferably NaBH4
- base such as NaOH or KOH
- Steps ioi) and 1 0 2) are known to those skilled in the art.
- the solution of step ioi) comprises a salt of a doping metal selected from palladium, copper or platinum or a mixture thereof.
- the preparation of the gold seeds can also comprise a step 10 3 ) of regrowth of the gold seeds, so as to form recruits seeds.
- This step 103) comprises the pouring of a growth solution as defined below in a suspension of gold seeds obtained at the end of step 10 3 ).
- the mixture is brought to a temperature of between 40 ° C. and 50 ° C. for at least 30 minutes, preferably for a period of between 30 and 50 minutes approximately, preferably for approximately 40 minutes.
- the seeds thus treated are then separated by centrifugation and dispersed in a solvent which is advantageously water, a suspension of recreated gold seeds being obtained.
- the growth solution contains a silver salt.
- the recreated seeds contain silver in a content of a maximum of 20 to 30% by mole, preferably 5% to 10% by mole.
- step io comprises a step 10 3 ) comprising a step of regrowth of the seeds as defined above.
- the method of the invention may comprise a step io 'consisting in re-growing gold seeds obtained by methods other than that detailed above, for example obtained commercially. .
- the method comprises a step io ' comprising: ior) providing a suspension comprising seeds of gold; advantageously, the solution of step ior is thermostatically controlled at a temperature between 19 and 21 ° C.
- step ior 1) the addition to the solution of step ior ) of a solution comprising a base such as NaOH or NaBhU, preferably NaBhU, said addition being carried out very quickly, advantageously in the space of 1 to 2 seconds; said solution is then advantageously brought to a temperature of between 80 ° C and 85 ° C, preferably 83 ° C for at least 50 minutes, preferably about 60 minutes, then allowed to cool to room temperature.
- a solution comprising a base such as NaOH or NaBhU, preferably NaBhU, said addition being carried out very quickly, advantageously in the space of 1 to 2 seconds; said solution is then advantageously brought to a temperature of between 80 ° C and 85 ° C, preferably 83 ° C for at least 50 minutes, preferably about 60 minutes, then allowed to cool to room temperature.
- the solvent for the gold seed suspension is an inert solvent, preferably water.
- the gold seeds have a size polydispersity of at most approximately 20%, preferably at most approximately 10%, and more preferably at most approximately 7%, said polydispersity being measured as detailed below. above.
- the gold seeds have a form purity of at least approximately 85%, preferably of at least approximately 95%, and more preferably of at least approximately 97%, particularly in the case of seeds of or recruits, said purity of form being measured as detailed above.
- the method of the invention can be implemented with very variable amounts of gold seeds.
- the average volume of a recreated gold seed is typically between 400 and 2000 nm 3 against 50 to 200 nm 3 for a pentamaclated non-recreated gold seed.
- the suspension of gold seeds can thus comprise a molar concentration of gold seeds of 0.001 to 50 nM.
- Such molar concentrations of gold seeds typically represent, in the case of recreated seeds, concentrations of gold in the form of seeds of the order of 0.001 to 50 mM.
- the germ concentration of the suspension has an influence on the implementation of step iii).
- the inventors have observed that the less the suspension is concentrated in gold seeds, the slower it is for the addition of growth solution to be.
- the suspension advantageously comprises a concentration of at least 0.01 nM in gold seeds and more preferably 0.02 nM in gold seeds.
- concentrations of gold seeds typically represent, in the case of recreated seeds, concentrations of gold as seeds on the order of at least 0.01 mM and 0.02 mM, respectively.
- the germ suspension also comprises a cationic surfactant as defined below or a mixture of these in very variable concentrations, advantageously between 10 and 300 mM.
- the higher the concentration of gold salt in the growth solution the higher the concentration of surfactant is desirable in order to better control the subsequent growth of the particles.
- the suspension preferably comprises between 50 and 200 mM of surfactant.
- the suspension of gold seeds may further include metal salts.
- the suspension of seeds can comprise a silver salt in particular to modulate the shape of the nanoparticles obtained at the end of the process.
- the silver salt is preferably chosen from silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver trifluoroacetate and silver sulfate or a mixture thereof.
- the concentration of the suspension of gold seeds in silver salt is between 0 and 25 mM, preferably between 1 and 25 mM, more preferably between 5 and 25 mM.
- the gold germ suspension comprises:
- the solvent for the growth solution is an inert solvent, preferably is water.
- the growth solution is preferably prepared from a solution comprising a surfactant or a mixture thereof, to which is added a gold salt or a mixture thereof, then optionally a base. After a few minutes of mixing, the mixture becomes homogeneous and the reducing agent and optionally silver salt are added.
- the seed suspension can further comprise a salt of a doping metal or a mixture thereof.
- the gold salt is preferably a halogenated gold salt, more preferably a gold salt selected from HAuCU, NaAuCU, KAuCU, NaAuBr4, KAuBr4 or HAuBr4 or a mixture thereof.
- the process of the invention can be carried out with very variable concentrations of gold salt.
- the growth solution can thus comprise the gold salt at a concentration between 3 and 50 mM.
- the concentration of gold salt in the growth solution possibly combined with the duration of addition and / or the concentration of surfactant, has an influence on the quality of the nanoparticles, in particular their size dispersity.
- a relatively low gold salt concentration is advantageous to promote low size dispersion; for example when according to a first variant the concentration of gold salt is between 6 and 8 mM approximately, an addition time will then advantageously be selected during step iiii) which is relatively short, for example of the order of 2 to 5 minutes and / or a low surfactant concentration, for example of the order of 50 to 100 mM.
- the growth solution comprises the gold salt at a concentration of between 12 and 18 mM, preferably approximately 15 mM, which allows a good compromise between the dispersity in size of the nanoparticles obtained at l step iii) and ease of implementing the method, in particular the duration of controlled addition of step iii).
- the surfactant aims to stabilize and orient the growth of the gold nanoparticles during the growth treatment step iii); this surfactant is preferably a cationic surfactant alone or as a mixture with other cationic or nonionic agents.
- the concentration of surfactant (or of their mixtures) in the growth solution is between 30 and 300 mM.
- the cationic surfactant is a halogenated quaternary ammonium salt which is substituted by at least one alkyl group having at least 10 carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof.
- X is selected from Br, Cl, F-, I or tosylate;
- Z is chosen from H, CH3, (CH2) m CH 3 with m greater than or equal to 9, preferably m is between 9 and 15, or C ⁇ H S. or a mixture thereof, are preferred.
- X is chosen from Br, Cl, P, I or the tosylate, preferably is chosen from Br and Cl ; n is greater than or equal to 9, preferably between 9 and 15, or a mixture thereof, are particularly preferred.
- the surfactant is chosen from cetyltri methylammonium bromide (CTAB), hexadecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (BDAC), hexadecyltri methylammonium chloride (CTAC) or a mixture thereof.
- CTAB cetyltri methylammonium bromide
- BDAC hexadecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride
- CAC hexadecyltri methylammonium chloride
- Nonionic surfactants can also be used in combination with cationic surfactants.
- the nonionic surfactant is a polysorbate, preferably a polysorbate chosen from polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween®20) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween®80) or a mixture thereof.
- a polysorbate chosen from polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween®20) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween®80) or a mixture thereof.
- the reducing agent is an aromatic compound comprising at least one aromatic nucleus bearing at least one hydroxyl group or a mixture thereof.
- the reducing agent is preferably chosen from an aromatic polyphenol comprising an aromatic ring bearing at least two hydroxyl functions, an aromatic compound comprising several aromatic rings, one of them bearing at least one hydroxyl function, or one of their mixtures.
- the reducing agent is an aromatic polyphenol comprising an aromatic nucleus bearing at least two hydroxyl functions, preferably two or three hydroxyl functions or a mixture thereof.
- Catechol, 3- methoxycatechol, pyrogallol, gallic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, resorcinol or a mixture thereof is preferred.
- the reducing agent is an aromatic compound comprising several aromatic rings, one of them carrying at least one hydroxyl function, preferably one, two or three hydroxyl functions, or one. of their mixtures. 8-hydroxyquinoline, 2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline or a mixture thereof is preferred.
- Reducing agents of the aromatic polyphenol type comprising an aromatic nucleus bearing at least two hydroxyl functions, preferably two or three hydroxyl functions or a mixture thereof, are preferred.
- these reducing agents have a higher efficiency (in terms of purity and monodispersity of the gold nanoparticles obtained) than aromatic compounds comprising several aromatic rings, one of them bearing at least one hydroxyl function, in particular for the preparation at high concentration of gold nanoparticles, and in general for obtaining forms other than bipyramids, nanjavelins, or spheres.
- the reducing agent can be soluble (i.e. formation of an aqueous solution), or little or not soluble (i.e. formation of an aqueous suspension) in water.
- the reducing agent When the reducing agent is only slightly or not soluble in water, the latter can be dissolved in a solution comprising water and an alcohol such as ethanol or THF before being mixed with the mixture. growth solution.
- the alcohol: water or THF: water volume ratio is advantageously between 10:90 and 30:70, preferably is 25:75.
- the concentration of reducing agent in the growth solution is between 30 and 300 mM.
- the reducing agent is preferably used in an amount at least equal to 1 mole per 1 mole of gold salt, preferably ranging from 1 to 6 mole (s) of gold salt.
- the growth solution optionally includes a base. Any base according to Bronsted known to those skilled in the art having a pKa greater than or equal to 7 can be used in the context of the present invention.
- Strong bases i.e. bases having a pKa greater than 13 are preferred.
- the base is preferably chosen from alkali metal hydroxides and organic bases or a mixture thereof.
- the preferred alkali metal hydroxides are potassium hydroxide KOH, sodium hydroxide NaOH, or a mixture thereof.
- organic bases those which are preferred comprise at least one amine, amidine or guanidine group such as for example 1, 1, 3,3-tetramethylguanidine, morpholine, tetramethylpiperidine, 1, 5,7-triazabicyclo [ 4.4.0] dec-5-ene, 1, 5-diazabicyclo (4.3.0) non-5-ene or 1, 8-diazabicyclo (5.4.0) undec-7-ene, or a mixture thereof.
- amine, amidine or guanidine group such as for example 1, 1, 3,3-tetramethylguanidine, morpholine, tetramethylpiperidine, 1, 5,7-triazabicyclo [ 4.4.0] dec-5-ene, 1, 5-diazabicyclo (4.3.0) non-5-ene or 1, 8-diazabicyclo (5.4.0) undec-7-ene, or a mixture thereof.
- the base is preferably used in an amount at least equal to 0.5 mole per 1 mole of gold salt, preferably ranging from 0.5 to 3 mole (s) of gold salt.
- the growth solution can further include metal salts.
- the growth solution comprises a silver salt at a concentration of up to 12.5 mM.
- the silver salt is preferably selected from silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver trifluoroacetate, silver sulfate or a mixture thereof.
- the silver salt is preferably used in an amount at least equal to 0.5 mole, preferably ranging from 0 to 0.25 moles per 1 mole of gold salt.
- the growth solution may further comprise a salt of a doping metal or a mixture thereof.
- the growth solution can comprise, in combination with the silver salt, a salt of a structuring metal.
- This salt of a structuring metal are preferably used in combination with a reducing agent of the aromatic compound type comprising several aromatic rings, one of them bearing at least one hydroxyl function, preferably one, two or three hydroxyl functions, or one of their mixtures, such as 8-hydroxyquinoline or 2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline.
- the latter combination is particularly effective in amplifying the effect of silver on the shape of gold nanoparticles.
- the growth solution comprises:
- the morphology of the particles obtained can be modulated by selecting the nature and the concentration of certain reagents.
- the suspension of gold seeds and / or in the growth solution may comprise a salt of a structuring metal.
- the presence of a silver salt as the primary structuring metal influences the morphology of the nanoparticles obtained, in particular by promoting the creation of anisotropy within the nanoparticles during the processing step.
- the suspension of gold seeds and / or the growth solution comprises a silver salt as primary structuring metal in combination with a salt of a secondary structuring metal chosen from a cobalt salt. , a nickel salt, a chromium salt, or a mixture thereof.
- the inventors consider that the metals of these secondary structuring salts influence the reducing agent, in particular when the latter comprises an aromatic compound comprising several aromatic rings, which has the effect of amplifying the. structuring effect of money.
- the reducing agent is preferably resorcinol.
- the growth solution and the gold seed suspension include a silver salt, and that the surfactant of the growth solution is CTAB .
- the reducing agent is preferably chosen from catechol, pyrogallol, 3-methoxycatechol or 8- hydroxyquinoline, more preferably from catechol, pyrogallol, or 3-methoxycatechol.
- the growth solution and the gold seed suspension do not include a silver salt, and that the surfactant of the growth solution is CTAB.
- the reducing agent is preferably catechol or Protocatechic acid.
- the growth solution and the gold seed suspension do not include a silver salt, and that the surfactant of the growth solution is a mixture of CTAB and BDAC.
- the reducing agent is preferably chosen from catechol, pyrogallol and 3-methoxycatechol.
- the cationic surfactant of the seed suspension and the growth solution may be the same or different.
- the concentration of silver salt also has an influence.
- the suspension of seeds and the growth solution comprise a silver salt
- the suspension of seeds and the growth solution preferably comprise the salt of the agent. in a ratio of suspension concentration of silver salt: concentration of growth solution is between 1: 1 and 1: 6, preferably about 1: 3.
- the concentration of gold in the form of seeds and the concentration of gold salt of the growth solution also have an influence on the size of the final particles and particularly in the case of anisotropic structures, the ratio between the concentration of gold in the forms of sprouts and that in the growth solution allows the form factor of the final structures to be adjusted.
- the preparation of nanorods is excluded.
- the timing of adding silver salt to the gold sprout suspension can also have an influence.
- a silver salt is added to the gold seed suspension during or after the controlled addition of the growth solution.
- the growth solution and / or the suspension of gold seeds does not contain (do) no silver salt, the silver salt being added in the suspension of gold seeds in parallel with the addition of the growth solution, for example half, three-quarters of the time for adding the growth solution to the suspension of gold seeds, or even when the addition of the growth solution is complete.
- step iiii) of the process of the invention the growth solution is added to the suspension of gold seeds in a controlled manner, and not the reverse as is the case in the conventional methods of preparation of gold nanoparticles from germs.
- the inventors consider that the controlled and slow addition of the growth solution containing a reducing agent having a reducing power such as those detailed above in the suspension of seeds allows a gradual contacting. germs with the gold of the growth solution, with the effect of limiting the undesirable effects such as unwanted nucleation or even anarchic growth of the germs.
- the gold seed suspension from step i) is preferably supplied at a temperature between 30 and 75 ° C, more preferably at a temperature between 40 and 60 ° C.
- the growth solution from step ii) can be provided over a wide temperature range, for example at room temperature, preferably 20 ° C.
- the growth solution from step ii) is provided. at a temperature between 30 and 40 ° C.
- the duration and speed of addition have an influence on the phenomenon of anarchic growth.
- step iiii) the longer the duration of addition of step iiii), the better the quality / purity of the particles.
- too long an addition time risks exposing the growing nanoparticles to oxidation phenomena of the particle tips and / or causing spontaneous nucleation within the growth solution.
- step iiii) is advantageously controlled so that the growth solution is added to the germ solution in the space of 1 to 15 minutes, preferably in space. from 2 to 10 minutes, more preferably over the space of 2 to 6 minutes.
- the duration of addition can be selected independently of the volume of growth solution and the volume of germ suspension involved.
- the gold concentration of the seed suspension has an influence on the implementation of step iii).
- the lower the concentration of gold in the form of seeds in the suspension the slower it is for the addition of growth solution to be, in particular at the start of the addition step.
- the speed of addition also has an influence on the phenomenon of anarchic growth.
- the growth solution is added discontinuously in the suspension of gold seeds.
- a slow addition of the first droplets of the growth solution for example, in the case of a volume of growth solution of about 5 ml, a time lapse of 5 to 10 seconds between each droplet, for example for the first 0.25 ml, preferably the 0.5 ml, is advantageous for limiting the uncontrolled growth of the nanoparticles, in particular when the suspension of seeds comprises a small amount of seeds.
- the remainder of the growth solution can then be added continuously to the growth solution.
- the growth solution is added continuously to the germ suspension.
- the volume of growth solution that can be added to the seed suspension in a growth solution: gold seed suspension volume ratio varies over a relatively wide range without affecting the quality of the nanoparticles or the mass yield of gold from the process. preparation of the invention.
- the volume ratio of growth solution: suspension of germs can be between 1 and 8, preferably between 2 and 4.
- the volumes of the suspension of gold seeds and of the growth solution can thus be modulated within relatively wide ranges, to adapt to the quantity of gold nanoparticles desired.
- an important advantage of the process of the invention is that the preparation can be scaled up, gold nanoparticles, advantageously monodispersed and pure in shape, being able to be produced on the scale of one or more ten (s). mg, preferably on the scale of one or more hundred (s) of mg.
- the volumes of the suspension of gold seeds and of the growth solution can therefore be chosen so as to produce the gold nanoparticles on a large scale, preferably in the form of batches of at least one or more grams per batch, for example 1 g, 2 g, 3 g, 4 g, 5 g, 6 g, 7 g, 8 g, 9 g, or 10 g per batch, more preferably at least one or more ten (s) of mg per batch, for example at least 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 70 mg, 80 mg, or 90 mg per batch, preferably at least several hundred mg per batch, for example at least 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg, 700 mg, 800 mg, 900 mg or 1000 mg per batch.
- the method of the invention allows the preparation of nanoparticles in the form of batches of one or more kilograms, preferably at least
- the volume of the gold germ suspension and the growth solution used can vary from the order of a milliliter to several hundred liters.
- the volume of the gold seed suspension can typically be in the range of 100 to 300 liters.
- the growth solution is preferably placed in a container made of a non-metallic material, such as glass, or of a material whose surface in contact with the growth solution is not metallic, such as steel. enameled.
- One advantage of the process is that very large volumes can be used, without any particular pressure constraint at the level of the reactors comprising the reactants, nor in terms of temperature, at least with regard to the reactor comprising the growth solution.
- controlled addition according to the invention has the advantage of not requiring instant payment, which makes it easier to implement with large volumes.
- Step 1112) is generally carried out at a temperature of between 30 ° C and 75 ° C approximately, preferably between 45 ° C and 60 ° C approximately.
- Step 1 ⁇ 2) lasts at least 5 minutes, and may preferably have a duration of between 5 and 240 minutes, preferably between 5 and 120 minutes, preferably between 5 and 60 minutes, or more preferably between 5 and 30 minutes.
- step iiii) preferably varies inversely with the duration of step 1 ⁇ 2).
- addition time of step iiii) between 3 and 6 minutes / temperature of step 1112) is maintained between 50 and 60 ° C;
- addition time of step iiii) of between 6 and 15 minutes / temperature of step 1112) is maintained between 30 ° C and 50 ° C, preferably between 40 ° C and 50 ° C.
- the process of the invention thus makes it possible to obtain a suspension of gold nanoparticles comprising from 15 to 30 mM of gold in the form of nanoparticles (ie from 3 to 6 g / L) without having recourse to one or more sorting steps. in size or shape of gold nanoparticles.
- the anisotropy of the nanoparticles can optionally be modulated by adding silver salt during or after the addition of the growth solution, for example 5 minutes after. This also makes it possible to improve the half-life of the particles obtained with the process of the invention.
- the method comprises a step 1113) in which a silver salt, preferably in an inert solvent, is (are) added to the suspension of gold seeds.
- a silver salt preferably in an inert solvent
- the addition of step 1 ⁇ 3) is carried out during the addition of the growth solution, for example at half or three quarters of the duration of addition of the growth solution in the suspension of golden germs.
- steps iiii) and 1113) take place at least partly in parallel.
- step 1113) can also be carried out after, for example 1 minute, after the addition of the growth solution is complete. In this case, steps iiii) and 1113) are successive.
- the method may further comprise after step iii) a step iv) of removing the reagent residues (ie reducing agent, salts, bases), for example by centrifugation of the gold nanoparticles, and optionally also a step v) of resuspension of the nanoparticles in an inert solvent, preferably in the presence of a cationic surfactant as defined above.
- a step iv) of removing the reagent residues (ie reducing agent, salts, bases), for example by centrifugation of the gold nanoparticles for example by centrifugation of the gold nanoparticles
- a step v) of resuspension of the nanoparticles in an inert solvent preferably in the presence of a cationic surfactant as defined above.
- the gold seeds provided in step i) are subjected several times to the growth treatment step as defined above.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous for implementing the method with a suspension of gold seeds comprising a low gold content in the form of seeds, preferably between 0.01 nM and 0.05 nM, preferably 0.02. nM (said gold seeds for example exhibiting an average volume of at least 20,000 nm 3 ).
- An advantage of this embodiment is also that it makes it possible to easily obtain large-size gold particles exhibiting satisfactory monodispersity and purity.
- the implementation several times, in a successive manner, of the treatment step on a suspension of gold seeds comprising a low content of gold seeds makes it possible to obtain particles having a similar purity and monodispersity. to those of particles obtained by using a suspension of gold seeds more concentrated in gold in a single treatment treatment step of the process of the invention.
- Another subject of the invention is a suspension of gold nanoparticles which can be obtained according to the method of the invention, characterized in that it comprises gold nanoparticles at high concentration.
- the suspension comprises an inert solvent as defined above.
- the suspension comprises approximately 1 to 10 g / L, advantageously approximately 1 to 8 g / L, further advantageously approximately 2 to 6 g / L, of gold nanoparticles, relative to the total mass of the suspension.
- the suspension comprises from 0.1 to 1% by mass approximately, advantageously from 0.1 to 0.5% by mass approximately, more preferably from 0.2 to 0.5% by mass approximately of gold nanoparticles, relative to the total mass of the suspension.
- the suspension of gold nanoparticles is obtained without resorting to post synthesis steps aimed at concentrating the gold nanoparticles (which can have a deleterious effect on the dispersion in size and shape of the gold nanoparticles) , as would be necessary in particular with the methods of the prior art.
- the gold nanoparticles capable of being obtained by the process are advantageously monodispersed and / or pure in shape.
- these gold nanoparticles have a size polydispersity of at most about 15%, preferably at most about 10%, and more preferably at most about 7%, said polydispersity being measured as detailed below. above.
- these gold nanoparticles have a form purity of at least 90% (by number), preferably at least 95% (by number), and preferably at most 97% (by number), said purity of form being measured as detailed above.
- the gold nanoparticles capable of being obtained by the process of the invention do not coalesce and do not form irreversible aggregates and / or agglomerates.
- the gold nanoparticles that can be obtained are dense (ie non-porous).
- the gold nanoparticles that can be obtained can, in the case where the gold seeds used comprise a doping metal, be in the form of a core-shell structure, in which the core comprises a doping gold-metal alloy and the shell is made of gold.
- the gold nanoparticles obtained by the process essentially consist of gold.
- the metallic composition of the nanoparticles depends on the use of metallic salts in the implementation of the process of the invention.
- the gold nanoparticles obtained comprise at least 80 mol% approximately gold, preferably at least 90 mol% approximately gold, and more preferably d 'at least 98 mol% approximately gold, the remainder being for example a doping metal, silver a good a secondary structuring metal as defined above.
- the particles obtained according to the process of the invention can carry on their surface impurities resulting from the oxidation of the reducing agents used in the invention, in particular a benzoquinone of the crude formula C6H4O2 or also traces of the reducing agents themselves.
- the nanoparticles capable of being obtained according to the process of the invention do not comprise ascorbic acid residues on their surface.
- nanoparticles obtained by the process described in the first subject of the invention exhibit plasmonic properties compatible with industrial application.
- the bipyramidal gold nanoparticles obtained with the method described in the first subject of the invention have a ratio between absorbance of the longitudinal plasmon resonance band (LSP): absorbance of the transverse plasmon resonance band (TSP) higher to 7, for a longitudinal plasmon resonance band located around a wavelength between 800 and 1100 nm.
- LSP longitudinal plasmon resonance band
- TSP transverse plasmon resonance band
- a subject of the invention is also the use of the suspension of gold nanoparticles capable of being obtained by the method or of gold nanoparticles capable of being obtained by the method, for the manufacture of an optical sensor, in particular based on a light-matter interaction process such as fluorescence enhanced by a metal (in English “metal enhanced fluorescence”, abbreviated “MEF”) or the surface enhanced Raman scattering (in English “surface enhanced raman scattering", abbreviated “SERS”).
- a light-matter interaction process such as fluorescence enhanced by a metal (in English “metal enhanced fluorescence”, abbreviated “MEF") or the surface enhanced Raman scattering (in English “surface enhanced raman scattering", abbreviated “SERS”).
- HAuCU tetrachlorauric acid in its trihydrate form (99.9%), resorcinol (99%), catechol (98%), 3-methoxycatehol (98%), tetramethylguanidine (99%) were obtained from Alfa Aesar.
- Hexadecyl tri methylammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%), hexadecyltri methylammonium chloride (CTAC, 25% in water), 2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline (MHQL, 98%) and 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQL, 99%) were purchased from Aldrich.
- Ascorbic acid (99%), citric acid monohydrate (99.5%), hexadecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (BDAC, 97%), cetyltri methylammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%, ref. H6269), hexadecyltri methylammonium chloride (CTAC, 25% in water), stearylamine (99%) and 8-hydroxyquinoline (99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
- Oleylamine (90%) was obtained from Acros, and Pyrogallol (99%) from Panreac. Material characterization
- the materials were used by ICP-MS using an Agilent 7500cx mass spectrometer.
- the materials were observed by transmission electron microscopy on a JEOL 2100 HT microscope at 200kV.
- the materials were observed by scanning electron microscopy on a Zeiss Supra 55VP microscope.
- Centrifugations were performed using a Hettich EBA 200S centrifuge (up to 8000 rpm / 6600 rcf) for small scale experiments, and using a Sigma 3-30 KS centrifuge (up to 'at 14,000 rpm / 20,000 rcf) for medium scale experiments and gold seed concentration steps.
- the ascorbic acid solutions (used to test the process) were prepared in cold water (4 ° C) just before use (the literature shows that 30 minutes is sufficient to alter the results following the spontaneous degradation of the aqueous solutions. ascorbic acid).
- TMG tetramethylguanidine
- TMG in aqueous solution is the least stable and cannot be stored for more than a day, other solutions can be used over several days but, for safety, are prepared daily.
- the silver nitrate solution is usually changed once a week for safety.
- This solution is stable (reproducible results) for over a month at 4 ° C and can be diluted just before use.
- anarchic growths are often manifested by structural or morphological defects of the particles, for example a “starring” for bipyramids giving branched structures, or “spherization” in the case of decahedra.
- recruits which are very pure in terms of crystallinity
- the anarchic growth is almost exclusively responsible for the presence of shaped impurities: for example, in the case of recruits, there are less than 1% of triangular prisms ( impurity) during a synthesis of decahedra (desired product), against 5-10% for non-recreated germs. Form purities of 99% and above can thus easily be achieved in the absence of anarchic growth.
- Figure 3 represents the spectrum of nanoparticles prepared according to the method of the invention at a concentration of 6 mM HAuCU using 8-HQL as a reducing agent and recruits or non-recruits.
- the quality of the gold nanoparticles obtained are comparable whether the gold seeds used are recruits or not.
- Example 1 process for the preparation of seeds and optional regrowth
- Optional regrowth when the flask has cooled to around 45-50 ° C, the agitation is increased to 600-700 rpm and then a growth solution preheated to 40 ° C, prepared by mixing 38 ml of CTAB ( 140 mM cetyltri methylammonium bromide), 4.4 ml of HAuCU, 800 m ⁇ of 40 mM AgNO 3, 1.1 ml of 0.1 M NaOH and 2.4 ml of 0.4 ml of ethanoic 8-hydroxyquinoline M (added last minute). The whole is kept between 45 ° C and 50 ° C for 40 minutes using a water bath.
- CTAB 140 mM cetyltri methylammonium bromide
- HAuCU 800 m ⁇ of 40 mM AgNO 3
- 1.1 ml of 0.1 M NaOH and 2.4 ml of 0.4 ml of ethanoic 8-hydroxyquinoline M (added last minute).
- CTAB 140 mM cet
- the recreated germs obtained are then centrifuged at 13,000 rcf for 50 minutes (or 8,000 rpm for 60-90 minutes), and the supernatant (orange-red) is removed, then the pellet is redispersed in 6.5 ml of water. MilliQ or 6.5 ml of 1 mM CTAB. This operation increases by a factor x12 the germ concentration compared to the initial solution. If necessary (to minimize the concentration of Br and Ag + ions) the particles can be centrifuged a second time.
- These seeds can be used for the preparation of gold nanoparticles after a storage time of at least 20 months without loss of quality, as shown in Figure 1.
- Example 2 Process for preparing gold nanoparticles at low or medium concentration (0.25 mM to 3 mM) - not in accordance with the invention
- Example 3 Preparation of high concentration gold nanoparticles (15 nM) according to the process of the invention, using catechol as reducing agent.
- Seed suspension In a magnetic stirrer, 1.5 ml of a surfactant solution (137 mM CTAB for bipyramids) and an appropriate quantity of recreated germs (typically 80 m ⁇ for bipyramids having a longitudinal resonance band (LSPR) at 1000 nm) and silver nitrate at 40 mM (typically 20 m ⁇ ) are stirred for 1 -2 minutes in a water bath at 55-60 ° C.
- a surfactant solution 137 mM CTAB for bipyramids
- an appropriate quantity of recreated germs typically 80 m ⁇ for bipyramids having a longitudinal resonance band (LSPR) at 1000 nm
- silver nitrate typically 20 m ⁇
- the growth solution becomes very dark brown and then it is added dropwise (typically over 3 to 5 minutes) in the suspension of germs under hot stirring.
- the particles are centrifuged (typically 10-20 minutes at 7000 rcf) by adding 300-400 m ⁇ of ethanol (to reduce the viscosity).
- the resulting pellet is redispersed using an ultrasound probe in a 5 mM CTAB solution, then centrifuged a second time and finally redispersed in dilute (2 mM) CTAB or water.
- Bipyramidal gold nanoparticles are obtained in quantities of two orders of magnitude greater than the process according to Example 1.
- Figure 4 shows that the spectrum of gold nanoparticles obtained with the process according to the invention has final concentrations as high as 28 mM using catechol or 3-methoxycatechol as reducing agent.
- Example 3 Materials and methods The process of Example 3 was carried out using different concentrations of silver salt to prepare bipyramidal or decahedral nanoparticles. The spheres were obtained by the process of Example 3, in which the reducing agent of Example 3, catechol, was replaced by resorcinol.
- a estimated values (superimposed bands); b based on MET, length and diameter for bipyramids, diameter for spheres, and diameter of the circumscribed circle for decahedra; c diameter of the “core” of the particle excluding the lateral gold layers; d thickness / height of decahedra.
- Example 5 Influence of the type of surfactant and reducing agent as well as the concentration of silver salt and its method of addition
- the X and Y volumes indicate the volume of silver solution and CTAB added to the gold seed vials and the growth solution vial, respectively.
- 20 + 40 m ⁇ means that 20 m ⁇ was added to the sprout bottle and 40 m ⁇ to the growth bottle at the start.
- an "X + Y + Z (time of addition)" notation is used, where Z indicates the amount of reagent added in the batch. vial of gold seeds), and the time of addition indicates the amount of growth solution added previously.
- Z indicates the amount of reagent added in the batch. vial of gold seeds
- the time of addition indicates the amount of growth solution added previously.
- "0 + 60 + 30 (end)” means that at the start no reagent was added to the suspension of gold seeds, 60 m ⁇ were added to the growth solution and 30 m ⁇ of reagent were added. were added to the reaction medium / gold seed flask at the end of the addition of the growth solution.
- Other common addition times can be "1/2 addition” (at half the addition) or "3/4 addition” (at 75% addition of growth solution).
- Example 6 Preparation of a large quantity of bipyramidal gold nanoparticles according to the process of the invention
- the growth solution is added with stirring to the hot gold seed suspension using an addition funnel for 4 to 5 minutes.
- the addition funnel is rinsed with 4 ml of 70 mM CTAB and the heating is maintained for 20 minutes.
- the particles are then centrifuged with the addition of 5 ml of EtOH (to reduce the viscosity) for 10 minutes at 8000 rpm, redispersed in 40 ml of 5 mM CTAB using an ultrasonic bath / ultrasonic probe, centrifuged again and finally redispersed in 25 ml of a 2 mM CTAB solution to give a 20 g / L suspension of gold bipyramids.
- Figure 10 compares the spectra of nanoparticles obtained by the method according to the invention, in a batch of 20 mg or a batch of 500 mg.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR1906691A FR3097564B1 (fr) | 2019-06-20 | 2019-06-20 | Procede de preparation de nanoparticules d’or pentamaclees a haute concentration |
| PCT/EP2020/067192 WO2020254630A1 (fr) | 2019-06-20 | 2020-06-19 | Procede de preparation de nanoparticules d'or pentamaclees a haute concentration |
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| CN112972678B (zh) * | 2021-02-22 | 2023-09-22 | 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院 | 一种基于五角纳米金载体、制备方法及用途 |
| CN114042931A (zh) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-02-15 | 杭州电子科技大学 | CTAC及NaOL为双表面活性剂合成金纳米棒的方法 |
| CN116786118B (zh) * | 2022-03-16 | 2025-08-15 | 台州学院 | 一种二氧化铈-纳米金催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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