EP3981475A1 - Hochdruckzerstäuberdüse, lanze mit dieser düse und feuerlöschsystem mit dieser lanze - Google Patents

Hochdruckzerstäuberdüse, lanze mit dieser düse und feuerlöschsystem mit dieser lanze Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3981475A1
EP3981475A1 EP21198311.9A EP21198311A EP3981475A1 EP 3981475 A1 EP3981475 A1 EP 3981475A1 EP 21198311 A EP21198311 A EP 21198311A EP 3981475 A1 EP3981475 A1 EP 3981475A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
duct
nozzle
operating chamber
lance
openings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP21198311.9A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3981475C0 (de
EP3981475B1 (de
Inventor
Adolfo Cristanini
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cristanini SpA
Original Assignee
Cristanini SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cristanini SpA filed Critical Cristanini SpA
Publication of EP3981475A1 publication Critical patent/EP3981475A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3981475C0 publication Critical patent/EP3981475C0/de
Publication of EP3981475B1 publication Critical patent/EP3981475B1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C17/00—Hand fire-extinguishers essentially in the form of pistols or rifles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0072—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using sprayed or atomised water

Definitions

  • the present invention is generally relates to the technical field of hydraulic installations, and it particularly relates to a nozzle for atomising liquids at high pressure, that is at least 90 bar.
  • the invention also relates to a firefighting lance which includes such a nozzle, as well as a fire extinguishing system which includes such lance.
  • Low-pressure fire extinguishing systems which provide for the use of foams or retardants. are known. Such systems have various disadvantages, in particular as relates to the harmful effects of additives on human beings and on the environment. Document EP1175248 discloses such system, which operates under low pressure (maximum 12 bar).
  • Known atomiser nozzles comprise a large number of small holes.
  • the degree of atomisation may be higher, that is the size of the smaller drops, as the number of holes increases.
  • a high number of sprays flowing out from the plurality of holes allows to obtain a sufficient extinguishing effectiveness without the need to use additives, foams or retardants.
  • drag force is the main force which prevents the advancement of an atomised water spray in the air, and this friction increases as the size of the drops decreases.
  • An object of the present invention is to at least partly overcome the aforementioned drawbacks, by providing an atomiser nozzle that is highly functional and cost-effective.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an atomiser nozzle capable of allowing to generate an atomised spray with low water consumption.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an atomiser nozzle that is particularly durable overtime.
  • the nozzle 1 may be supplied with a liquid L , preferably water, at high pressure and it may be configured so that the jet flowing out from the nozzle 1 is a spray of atomised liquid (so-called water mist).
  • a liquid L preferably water
  • the pressure of the liquid L may be comprised between 90 bar and 500 bar, and preferably comprised between 150 bar and 500 bar.
  • the nozzle 1 may be particularly suitable to be used in a fire extinguishing system 100, comprising means 110 for supplying high-pressure water and a lance 120 comprising the nozzle 1.
  • the nozzle 1 may be used in any system suitable to spray an atomised liquid spray, just like - although hereinafter reference will be made to water for the sake of simplicity - the nozzle 1 may be used with any liquid.
  • the nozzle 1 may essentially comprise an inlet 11, an outlet 17 and a fluidic connection line 10 extending between the inlet 11 and the outlet 17.
  • the fluidic connection line 10 may therefore comprise - in succession - a duct 12, whose inlet may be defined by the inlet 11, and a duct 14 fluidically connected by means of one or more openings 13. Furthermore, the fluidic connection line 10 may comprise an operating chamber 16, whose outlet may be defined by the outlet 17, which is fluidically connected with the duct 14 by means of one or more longitudinal openings or slots 15.
  • the duct 12 may have a cross-section substantially smaller than the duct 14 so that the water flow has a higher velocity in the duct 14 with respect to the duct 12.
  • the ducts 12, 14, the operating chamber 16 and the openings 13, 15 may be mutually dimensioned and configured, that is they may have suitable through-flow cross-sections and dimensions, so that the water increases the velocity when flowing from the duct 12 to the duct 14 and then to the chamber 16, with ensuing pressure variations given that the flow rate is substantially constant.
  • the openings 15 may be configured so as to modify the direction and velocity of the flow of the water flowing into the operating chamber 16, giving rise to a swirling-like motion.
  • the water may increase the velocity, passing from laminar motion to turbulent motion.
  • This effect which - as known - entails an increase in the Reynolds number flow (Re > 4000), may be facilitated by the mutual configuration of the openings 15 and of the operating chamber 16.
  • the table below shows some examples of the diameter of a single circular opening 17 as a function of the flow rate and pressure.
  • Pressure bar
  • Flow rate l/m
  • Diameter mm 500 30 1.4 200 20 1.5 300 30 1.6 300 42 2 150 30 2
  • the through-flow section of the fluid defining the single outlet 17 may be significantly smaller than the diameter of the operating chamber 16, for example 3 to 6 times smaller.
  • the particular configuration of the edge of the outlet 17 may allow a breaking of the spray and as a result the formation of a large number of droplets.
  • the nozzle 1 may comprise a main body having a substantially longitudinal extension along an axis X, which may also define the single opening 17.
  • the main body may be substantially cylindrical-shaped and be made of steel.
  • the main body may be made of two parts or half-bodies 20, 30, which may be mutually removably coupled, for example mutually screwed.
  • the part 30 of the body may be substantially cylindrical-shaped and internally comprise a blind hole 32, preferably coaxial with the axis X, which may define the duct 12.
  • the hole 32 may comprise a bottom opening 321 which may define the inlet 11, an opposite wall 322 and the peripheral openings 13, which may be arranged in proximity of the bottom wall 322.
  • such openings 13 may be four equally spaced circular holes.
  • the difference between the diameters of the portions 33 and 34 may be defined by an annular relief 342 of the outer surface having the height h.
  • the portion 34 may internally comprise a blind hole 35, which may be opposite to and preferably coaxial with the blind hole 32.
  • the blind hole 35 may comprise the peripheral openings 15, which may have a substantially longitudinal extension coaxial to the axis X.
  • the openings 15 may define slots in the side wall 351 of the hole 35, extending substantially over the entire height and through the entire thickness of the latter.
  • the flow flowing through the openings or slots 15 may advantageously rotate inside the chamber 16 around the axis X, to create, as mentioned above, the vortex around the axis X and the high degree of atomisation of the spray flowing out from the nozzle 1.
  • the chamber 16 may be defined by the hole 35 and by the upper portion 20' of the part 20 of the main body, which may comprise a substantially flat area 21 which includes the outlet 17.
  • the substantially flat area 21 may press against the hole 35 to act as an upper wall of the operating chamber 16, which may be opposite to the bottom wall 21' of the latter, which may be defined by the blind wall of the hole 35.
  • the water flow L may be broken into a large number of droplets, so as to obtain a spray with a high degree of atomisation. As mentioned above, this also slows down the velocity of the spray, so that the latter is not harmful in the case of impacts against objects or operators during use.
  • a high-pressure system 100 with the nozzle 1 may have a spray in which at the distance of 1 m from the nozzle 10% of the drops have an average diameter of ⁇ 100 ⁇ m and 90% have an average diameter of ⁇ 200 ⁇ m (NFPA 750 US class 1).
  • the atomised spray flowing out from the nozzle 1 may have at the distance of 1 metre from the same nozzle 1 about 30% of drops with an average diameter of less than 50 ⁇ m and about 45% with an average diameter comprised between 50 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
  • the atomised spray flowing out from the nozzle 1 may have an average diameter of the drops of less than 30 ⁇ m, preferably of about 10 ⁇ m - 30 ⁇ m.
  • the atomised spray flowing out from the nozzle 1 may have a flow rate of 5 - 100 I/min, preferably of 6 - 80 I/min, even more preferably of about 20 - 30 l/min.
  • the spray flow flowing out from nozzle 1 may have an outflow velocity of 130 m/s - 300 m/s.
  • the part 20 of the main body of the nozzle 1 may be made of steel, so that the sharp edge 235 is also made of steel.
  • the part 20 of the main body of the nozzle 1 at the upper portion 20' thereof may comprise a shaped seat 22' for a plate 22 having a hole or opening 23 arranged at the opening 17 and a front surface defining the substantially flat area 21.
  • the plate 22 may have a disc-like shape with a predetermined thickness, and the hole 23 may be substantially cylindrical-shaped, with a lateral surface 231 substantially parallel to the axis X.
  • the plate 22 may have an outer diameter substantially larger than the inner diameter of the hole 35. In this manner, once the parts 20 and 30 have been coupled, the plate 22 may have an inner area 221 of the surface defining the substantially flat area 21 designed to close the hole 35 and an outer area 222 of the surface abutting against edge 352 of the side wall 351 of the hole 35; defining the shaped seat of the plate 22.
  • the hole 23 may preferably but not exclusively be central and coaxial with the axis X.
  • the central hole 23 may be circular-shaped or it may have different shapes depending on the needs, for example it may be elliptical-shaped.
  • the plate 22 may be made of a material different from that of the main body, and preferably harder than the latter.
  • This material may comprise or consist of particular forms of aluminium oxides, for example corundum (ruby or sapphire), or diamond.
  • the material of the plate 22 may have a hardness according to the Mohs scale equal to 8 or higher, preferably equal to 9 or higher.
  • This material may be natural or may be made synthetically.
  • the plate 22 may comprise a basic matrix and powder of such hard material, for example diamond. Possibly, the plate 22 may be treated with such material only on the surface or there may be provided for a layer of such a hard material arranged in proximity of the surface 221 of the plate 22. On the other hand, the plate 22 may be entirely made of such material, for example the plate 22 may be made of synthetic ruby.
  • the plate 22 or the parts thereof designed to come into contact with water may be made of such material.
  • the plate 22 may withstand the action of the water L and it may guarantee a high durability over time for the nozzle 1. Furthermore, this may allow to avoid the wear of the sharp edge 235, therefore the nozzle 1 maintains high atomisation efficiency over time.
  • the body 20 may further comprise an area 25 having an inner surface 251 designed to remain facing the outer surface 341 of the portion 34 of the body 30 and spaced from the latter so as to define an interspace.
  • the annular relief 342, the flat area 21, the outer surface 341 and the inner surface 251 may define the interspace 14.
  • the height h of the relief 342 may define the width of the interspace.
  • the inner surface 251 may have the same shape as the outer surface 341 and they may be spaced by the distance h. Possibly, the distance h may be defined by the discharge of the threading for coupling the parts 20 and 30 of the main body.
  • the inner surface 251 and the outer surface 341 may be cylindrical and coaxial with the axis X .
  • This interspace may define the duct 14.
  • the openings 13 and the openings 15 may therefore be mutually spaced so as to place the duct 14 in fluid communication with, respectively, the hole 32 and therefore the duct 12 and with the hole 35 and therefore the operating chamber 16.
  • the openings 13 and 15 may therefore respectively define the inlet and the outlet of the duct 14.
  • the nozzle 1 may be used in a system 100, for example a fire-fighting system, which may comprise means for supplying high-pressure liquid, for example a high-pressure pump 110, and a lance 120 fluidically connected with the pump 110 to spray the pressurised liquid.
  • a system 100 for example a fire-fighting system, which may comprise means for supplying high-pressure liquid, for example a high-pressure pump 110, and a lance 120 fluidically connected with the pump 110 to spray the pressurised liquid.
  • the system 100 may be suitable to carry out both the function of cutting a wall by spraying water and abrasive (cutting extinguisher) and the function of extinguishing the fire by spraying atomised liquid (water mist) from the external of the previously perforated wall, for example as disclosed by the Italian patent IT1424494 on behalf of the Applicant in question.
  • the lance 120 of the system 100 may be configured to alternatively spray the atomised liquid alone or the liquid and abrasive.
  • the lance 120 may be configured according to the teachings disclosed by the aforementioned Italian patent, with a first duct 121 for the water with a respective control valve and a second duct 122 for the abrasive with a respective control valve.
  • a particular nozzle 1' configured to allow the mixing of water and abrasive contained in a container 123 and therefore the spraying of such mixture to carry out the cutting step.
  • the operator may disassemble the nozzle 1' and assemble the nozzle 1 on the first duct 121 of the lance 120 to carry out the step for spraying the atomised water from the external of the previously perforated wall, with the advantages described above.
  • the nozzle 1 may be coupled with the snap-coupling lance 120.
  • the assembly and disassembly operations may be particularly simple and quick.
  • the fire-fighting system 100 may comprise a lance configured to spray both a conventional spray and a spray of atomised water, for example according to the teachings disclosed by the Italian patent IT1414835 , or a spray lance with a single duct configured to spray atomised water.
  • a system 100 comprising a plurality of atomiser nozzles configured so as to form different atomising sprays, for example sprays having a concentrated or dispersed radius of action, or sprays having a long or reduced operating range, or sprays configured to allow the supply of additives and/or abrasives.
  • nozzle 1 there may be provided for the nozzle 1, a multi-hole nozzle so as to have an outflowing multi-spray, a concentrated nozzle or other nozzles of the per se known type.
  • phase Doppler the known laser anemometry technique
  • diameters of droplets comprised between 0.5 ⁇ m and a few mm, so as to define the following parameters: number of drops passing through, diameter and velocity.
  • the charts shown in FIG. 7 relate to the known nozzle, while the charts shown in FIG. 8 relate to the nozzle 1 according to the invention. In both cases, the readings of the velocities are taken at a distance of 100 cm from the outlet orifice or opening of the water spray.
  • the percentage of drops produced by the spray of the nozzle 1 with a diameter d ⁇ 50 ⁇ m is significantly higher than that of the known nozzle. Therefore, the spray flowing out from the nozzle 1 has a large number of small droplets, that is the nozzle 1 atomises the water spray better than the known multi-hole nozzle.
  • the velocity of the droplets of the nozzle 1 (4-18 m/s) is lower than that of the known nozzle (6-60 m/s) and the dispersion of the velocity values detected by the spray flowing out from the nozzle 1 is lower than the dispersion of the velocity values of the known nozzle.
  • the drag force is the main force which prevents the advancement of an atomised water spray in the air, and this friction increases as the size of the drops decreases.
  • the drag force of the spray coming from the nozzle 1 is greater than that of the known nozzle, the drops of the nozzle 1 are less dispersed and smaller in size with respect to the ones of the known nozzle. Furthermore, given that the values of the spray of the nozzle 1 are less dispersed than those of the known nozzle, the diameters of the drops of the spray of the nozzle 1 have a greater uniformity with respect to the diameters of the spray of the known nozzle.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
EP21198311.9A 2020-10-07 2021-09-22 Hochdruckzerstäuberdüse, lanze mit dieser düse und feuerlöschsystem mit dieser lanze Active EP3981475B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102020000023587A IT202000023587A1 (it) 2020-10-07 2020-10-07 Ugello di nebulizzazione e sistema di spruzzaggio comprendente tale ugello

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3981475A1 true EP3981475A1 (de) 2022-04-13
EP3981475C0 EP3981475C0 (de) 2023-11-08
EP3981475B1 EP3981475B1 (de) 2023-11-08

Family

ID=74068357

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21198311.9A Active EP3981475B1 (de) 2020-10-07 2021-09-22 Hochdruckzerstäuberdüse, lanze mit dieser düse und feuerlöschsystem mit dieser lanze

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3981475B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2968338T3 (de)
IT (1) IT202000023587A1 (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0536529A1 (de) 1991-10-08 1993-04-14 Delavan Inc Simplex Ansaug-Spritzdüse
EP1175248A1 (de) 1999-05-06 2002-01-30 Terra Nova Marine Company Limited Flüssignebelfeuerlöscher
US6401445B1 (en) * 1999-12-07 2002-06-11 Northern Research & Engineering Corp. Electrolysis system and method for improving fuel atomization and combustion
US10709915B2 (en) * 2010-03-04 2020-07-14 Vid Fire-Kill Aps Full cone spray nozzle for a low pressure fire protection system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0536529A1 (de) 1991-10-08 1993-04-14 Delavan Inc Simplex Ansaug-Spritzdüse
EP1175248A1 (de) 1999-05-06 2002-01-30 Terra Nova Marine Company Limited Flüssignebelfeuerlöscher
EP1175248B1 (de) * 1999-05-06 2005-11-16 Terra Nova Marine Company Limited Flüssignebelfeuerlöscher
US6401445B1 (en) * 1999-12-07 2002-06-11 Northern Research & Engineering Corp. Electrolysis system and method for improving fuel atomization and combustion
US10709915B2 (en) * 2010-03-04 2020-07-14 Vid Fire-Kill Aps Full cone spray nozzle for a low pressure fire protection system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT202000023587A1 (it) 2022-04-07
EP3981475C0 (de) 2023-11-08
EP3981475B1 (de) 2023-11-08
ES2968338T3 (es) 2024-05-09

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