EP3976897A1 - System for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection - Google Patents

System for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection

Info

Publication number
EP3976897A1
EP3976897A1 EP20734811.1A EP20734811A EP3976897A1 EP 3976897 A1 EP3976897 A1 EP 3976897A1 EP 20734811 A EP20734811 A EP 20734811A EP 3976897 A1 EP3976897 A1 EP 3976897A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating element
fire
coating
graphite
thermal insulation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20734811.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Roberto Felicetti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Politecnico di Milano
Original Assignee
Politecnico di Milano
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Politecnico di Milano filed Critical Politecnico di Milano
Publication of EP3976897A1 publication Critical patent/EP3976897A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/948—Fire-proof sealings or joints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/94—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against fire
    • E04B1/941—Building elements specially adapted therefor
    • E04B1/942—Building elements specially adapted therefor slab-shaped
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2150/00—Compositions for coatings
    • C08G2150/60—Compositions for foaming; Foamed or intumescent coatings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection .
  • Fire protection devices for structural elements and building or industrial components must ensure various performances, but firstly they must provide an efficient thermal insulation and have a sufficient mechanical stability in the presence of turbulent gas flows induced by flames. The two requirements often conflict one another and there are optimal thermal insulators which are not applicable in this sector due to their poor mechanical stability.
  • An aim of the present invention is to provide a system for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection that already possess an intrinsic mechanical stability in fire conditions.
  • Another aim is to obtain the improvement with a minimum increase of thickness and of weight of the sheet/panel, in order to facilitate the storage, transport and installation thereof.
  • a system for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection comprising: a coating element for the protection against fire; a structure to protect against fire, such as an attic, a beam, a wall; said coating element is placed at a pre-set distance from said structure to form an empty gap between said coating element and said structure; an intumescent varnish is placed on the internal surface of said coating element which accesses said gap .
  • a method for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection which comprises a coating element for fire protection and a structure to be protected against fire, such as an attic, a beam, a wall; placing said coating element at a pre-set distance from said structure to form an empty gap between said coating element and said structure characterised in that the internal surface of said coating element that accesses said space is painted with an intumescent varnish.
  • the solution in accordance with the present invention consists in the use of reactive varnishes to improve the fire protection performance of coating elements in the form of sheets (calcium silicate or fibrous plaster or metal sheets) by applying the reactive varnish on the side of the sheet that will not be directly exposed to flames.
  • the sheet already used as protection against fire, guarantees the mechanical resistance and the seal against smoke filtration, while the reactive varnish, once expanded, significantly increases the insulation capacity of the sheet.
  • the advantage also consists in being able to reduce the number of sheets to be installed or their thickness, limiting the costs of material and manpower and reducing the weight of the installation (a particularly important aspect for false ceilings) .
  • the present solution is valid for all applications of fire protection sheets that require the formation of a gap of a few centimetres (protection of steel profiles, false ceilings, plasterboard partition walls, etc.) .
  • the gap is in fact necessary to allow the expansion of the reactive varnish.
  • the gap blocks the dispersion of particles into the environment, however, in order to furthermore limit the dispersion, the reactive varnish is made by incorporating the mineral in a polymeric matrix.
  • figure 1 schematically shows a system for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention :
  • figure 2 schematically shows a system for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection, in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention
  • figure 3 shows a diagram of the variation of the temperature as a function of time in different test cases, in accordance with the present invention.
  • the expandable graphite is an intumescent flame retardant that is highly efficient and, at the same time, environmentally friendly .
  • intumescent refers to the capacity of a substance to swell and increase in volume in given circumstances, and in the particular case of fire protection varnishes, they begin to increase in volume at a pre-set temperature.
  • Graphite consists of hexagonal carbon structures within which a chemical compound (e.g. H2S04) can be interposed.
  • a chemical compound e.g. H2S04
  • expandable graphite either oxidation with a chemical reagent or electrochemically in the intercalating acid.
  • the resulting intercalated graphite increases its original volume up to 100 times when subjected to temperatures of approximately 200°C.
  • the reaction with the sulphuric acid is immediate and produces C02, S02 and H20, the gases expand the layer of graphite and create a dense layer of carbon.
  • the expandable graphite marketed by Sanyo Corporation of America of the series called SYZR was used as an intercalated graphite.
  • SYZR 802 was used, which has particles having dimensions of 0.177 mm, an expansion volume equal to or greater than 230 ml/g, and an expansion start temperature of 180°C.
  • the graphite was incorporated in a polymeric matrix in order to produce a varnish that can be transferred onto sheets.
  • ESACOTE UR 115 a polyurethane-based aqueous dispersion
  • the polyurethane-based aqueous dispersion showed a greater stability against the flame, allowing the graphite, once expanded, to better resist the erosive action of the flame, which would provide a desirable greater stability of the expanded graphite, in particular, in the case of protection for vertical panels, in order to prevent the fall of the layer inside the gap.
  • an intumescent varnish was used, made by combining one part by weight of graphite and from half to one part by weight of polyurethane-based polymer, preferably one part graphite and one part polyurethane-based polymer.
  • a coating element 10 is used, such as a sheet or a panel or a shell made of plasterboard, fibrous plaster, calcium silicate, mineral fibres as well as metal (steel, brass, copper, etc.), in order to protect a structure 11, which is the object to be protected from fire such as an attic, a beam, a wall, etc..
  • the coating element 10 typically has a shape with two major dimensions with respect to the third (thickness) and with the larger faces parallel and mostly rectangular, but other shapes may be used.
  • the coating element 10 is placed at a pre-set distance from the structure 11, in order to create a gap 12 therebetween, which is kept empty or however contains air.
  • the laying of the coating element 10 is carried out in the manner known to the operators in the sector.
  • the intumescent varnish 13 is applied onto the surface of the coating element 10 which accesses the gap 12 namely on the internal surface of the coating element 10, opposite to the structure 11 that is to be protected.
  • the quantity of varnish applied onto the surface of the coating element 10 or of structure 11, considering a 50/50 ratio by weight of graphite and polymer, may vary according to needs and can be comprised between 400 and 2000 g/m 2 , more preferably between 600 and 1000 g/m 2 , and even more preferably equal to 800 g/m 2 .
  • the graphite used, SYZR 802 has an expansion equal to or greater than 230 ml/g, and considering the use of 400g/m 2 of graphite alone, it would have an expansion thickness of 80mm.
  • the distance between the pairs of sheets that produce the gap must be greater than 30mm.
  • the diagram shows the temperature reached by the second sheet as the time elapsed increases.
  • the curve A is relative only to the presence of a metal sheet without the presence of graphite.
  • Curve B is relative to the presence of a metal sheet with an internal surface painted with a commercial intumescent paint of the Promat company called PROMAPAINT ⁇ -SC4 in a quantity of 1000g/m2, (600g/m2 dry weight) .
  • Curve C refers to a PROMATECT ⁇ 100 calcium silicate panel with a thickness of 10 mm.
  • Curve D is relative to a metal panel with the unexposed surface painted with a paint made with a mixture of graphite and polyurethane resin ( 400+400g/m2 ) , according to the present invention .
  • the graphite varnish according to the present invention, has very good performances, but any intumescent varnish can be used.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A system for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection comprising: a coating element (10) for the protection against fire; a structure (11) to be protected from the fire, such as an attic, a beam, or a wall; said coating element (10) is placed at a pre-set distance from said structure (11) to form an empty gap (12) between said coating element (10) and said structure (11); an intumescent paint (13) is applied onto the internal surface of said coating element (10).

Description

"SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING THE THERMAL INSULATION CAPACITY OF
COATING ELEMENTS FOR FIRE PROTECTION"
DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to a system for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection .
Fire protection devices for structural elements and building or industrial components must ensure various performances, but firstly they must provide an efficient thermal insulation and have a sufficient mechanical stability in the presence of turbulent gas flows induced by flames. The two requirements often conflict one another and there are optimal thermal insulators which are not applicable in this sector due to their poor mechanical stability.
An example in this regard is graphite, which when exposed to high temperature (approximately 200°C) increases considerably in volume (approximately 100 times) producing a filamentous structure having a very low density. This allows development of products to be applied in thin layers (e.g. paints) which, once expanded, have a high insulating power but are rapidly eroded due to the turbulence of the fumes with which they come into contact .
An aim of the present invention is to provide a system for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection that already possess an intrinsic mechanical stability in fire conditions.
Another aim is to obtain the improvement with a minimum increase of thickness and of weight of the sheet/panel, in order to facilitate the storage, transport and installation thereof.
In accordance with the present invention, these aims and others still are achieved by a system for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection comprising: a coating element for the protection against fire; a structure to protect against fire, such as an attic, a beam, a wall; said coating element is placed at a pre-set distance from said structure to form an empty gap between said coating element and said structure; an intumescent varnish is placed on the internal surface of said coating element which accesses said gap .
These aims are also achieved by a method for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection which comprises a coating element for fire protection and a structure to be protected against fire, such as an attic, a beam, a wall; placing said coating element at a pre-set distance from said structure to form an empty gap between said coating element and said structure characterised in that the internal surface of said coating element that accesses said space is painted with an intumescent varnish.
Further characteristics of the invention are described in the dependent claims. The advantages of this solution with respect to the known art solutions are numerous.
The solution in accordance with the present invention consists in the use of reactive varnishes to improve the fire protection performance of coating elements in the form of sheets (calcium silicate or fibrous plaster or metal sheets) by applying the reactive varnish on the side of the sheet that will not be directly exposed to flames. In this way the sheet, already used as protection against fire, guarantees the mechanical resistance and the seal against smoke filtration, while the reactive varnish, once expanded, significantly increases the insulation capacity of the sheet.
The application on the non-exposed side allows to use formulations that are more efficient in terms of thermal insulation, as in this case a particular mechanical stability of the reactive coating is not required.
The advantage also consists in being able to reduce the number of sheets to be installed or their thickness, limiting the costs of material and manpower and reducing the weight of the installation (a particularly important aspect for false ceilings) .
The present solution is valid for all applications of fire protection sheets that require the formation of a gap of a few centimetres (protection of steel profiles, false ceilings, plasterboard partition walls, etc.) . The gap is in fact necessary to allow the expansion of the reactive varnish.
In the case of applying several sheets in layers, the principle shown here is valid for the sheet furthest away from the flames, always in the presence of a gap that allows expansion .
If several gaps were instead formed between the sheets, it would be advantageous to apply the varnish to the sheet closest to the fire.
The gap blocks the dispersion of particles into the environment, however, in order to furthermore limit the dispersion, the reactive varnish is made by incorporating the mineral in a polymeric matrix.
The characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become clear from the following detailed description of a practical embodiment thereof, illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the accompanying drawings, in which:
figure 1 schematically shows a system for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention :
figure 2 schematically shows a system for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection, in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention;
figure 3 shows a diagram of the variation of the temperature as a function of time in different test cases, in accordance with the present invention.
The expandable graphite is an intumescent flame retardant that is highly efficient and, at the same time, environmentally friendly .
The term intumescent refers to the capacity of a substance to swell and increase in volume in given circumstances, and in the particular case of fire protection varnishes, they begin to increase in volume at a pre-set temperature.
Graphite consists of hexagonal carbon structures within which a chemical compound (e.g. H2S04) can be interposed. There are two different ways to prepare expandable graphite: either oxidation with a chemical reagent or electrochemically in the intercalating acid.
After having introduced the acid between the layers of graphite, it is necessary to neutralise, wash and dry the material .
The resulting intercalated graphite increases its original volume up to 100 times when subjected to temperatures of approximately 200°C. The reaction with the sulphuric acid is immediate and produces C02, S02 and H20, the gases expand the layer of graphite and create a dense layer of carbon.
In accordance with the present invention the expandable graphite marketed by Sanyo Corporation of America of the series called SYZR was used as an intercalated graphite. In particular, SYZR 802 was used, which has particles having dimensions of 0.177 mm, an expansion volume equal to or greater than 230 ml/g, and an expansion start temperature of 180°C.
The graphite was incorporated in a polymeric matrix in order to produce a varnish that can be transferred onto sheets.
There are several alternative for choosing the polymeric binder within which to disperse the graphite, in order to obtain a mixture that can be applied as a varnish on the chosen structure. The parameters to be considered are the wetting and covering power of the compound obtained. For this purpose, the following were compared:
- an acrylic resin aqueous emulsion (trade name Primer by the company Attiva Colori e Toni),
- a polyurethane acrylic aqueous dispersion (ESACOTE PU 147 by the company Lamberti spa) ,
- a polyurethane-based aqueous dispersion (ESACOTE UR 115 by the company Lamberti spa) .
Among the tested polymers, in conditions of relative turbulence of hot fumes, the polyurethane-based aqueous dispersion showed a greater stability against the flame, allowing the graphite, once expanded, to better resist the erosive action of the flame, which would provide a desirable greater stability of the expanded graphite, in particular, in the case of protection for vertical panels, in order to prevent the fall of the layer inside the gap. In the tests an intumescent varnish was used, made by combining one part by weight of graphite and from half to one part by weight of polyurethane-based polymer, preferably one part graphite and one part polyurethane-based polymer.
In order to produce a fire protective element, in accordance with the present invention, a coating element 10 is used, such as a sheet or a panel or a shell made of plasterboard, fibrous plaster, calcium silicate, mineral fibres as well as metal (steel, brass, copper, etc.), in order to protect a structure 11, which is the object to be protected from fire such as an attic, a beam, a wall, etc..
The coating element 10 typically has a shape with two major dimensions with respect to the third (thickness) and with the larger faces parallel and mostly rectangular, but other shapes may be used.
The coating element 10 is placed at a pre-set distance from the structure 11, in order to create a gap 12 therebetween, which is kept empty or however contains air. The laying of the coating element 10 is carried out in the manner known to the operators in the sector.
The intumescent varnish 13 is applied onto the surface of the coating element 10 which accesses the gap 12 namely on the internal surface of the coating element 10, opposite to the structure 11 that is to be protected.
It is also possible to apply the varnish to both of the internal surfaces of the coating element 10 and of the structure
11, by leaving a larger gap 12.
The quantity of varnish applied onto the surface of the coating element 10 or of structure 11, considering a 50/50 ratio by weight of graphite and polymer, may vary according to needs and can be comprised between 400 and 2000 g/m2, more preferably between 600 and 1000 g/m2, and even more preferably equal to 800 g/m2.
The graphite used, SYZR 802, has an expansion equal to or greater than 230 ml/g, and considering the use of 400g/m2 of graphite alone, it would have an expansion thickness of 80mm.
With 400g/m2 of graphite incorporated in 400g/m2 of a polyurethane polymer, it has expanded by approximately 40mm.
Therefore, the distance between the pairs of sheets that produce the gap must be greater than 30mm.
The application of the graphite on the metallic panels provides considerably more obvious benefits in comparison to the sheets of calcium silicate or fibrous plaster, as the latter already perform their function of fire protection, which is therefore simply enhanced by the graphite.
In the case of a 0.5mm galvanized steel sheet exposed to a reference test that was used in all comparisons consisting of a radiant panel at 800°C placed 30mm from the sheet itself, and the temperature taken on a second sheet placed 40mm from the first, the results obtained are summarized in the diagram in figure 3.
The diagram shows the temperature reached by the second sheet as the time elapsed increases.
The curve A is relative only to the presence of a metal sheet without the presence of graphite.
Curve B is relative to the presence of a metal sheet with an internal surface painted with a commercial intumescent paint of the Promat company called PROMAPAINT©-SC4 in a quantity of 1000g/m2, (600g/m2 dry weight) .
Curve C refers to a PROMATECT© 100 calcium silicate panel with a thickness of 10 mm.
Curve D is relative to a metal panel with the unexposed surface painted with a paint made with a mixture of graphite and polyurethane resin ( 400+400g/m2 ) , according to the present invention .
The significant decrease in temperature in the case of curve D is noted, according to the present invention.
As can be seen the graphite varnish, according to the present invention, has very good performances, but any intumescent varnish can be used.

Claims

1. A system for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection comprising: a coating element (10) for the protection against fire; a structure (11) to be protected from the fire, such as an attic, a beam, a wall; said coating element (10) is set at a pre-set distance from said structure (11) to form an empty gap (12) between said coating element (10) and said structure (11); an intumescent paint (13) is applied onto the internal surface of said coating element (10) that accesses said gap (12) .
2. The system according to claim 1 characterised in that said coating element (10) typically has a shape with two major dimensions with respect to the third (the thickness) and with the larger parallel faces and mostly rectangular.
3. The system according to claim 1 characterised in that said pre-set distance is greater than 30 mm.
4. The system according to claim 1 characterised in that said coating element (10) is metallic.
5. The system according to claim 1 characterised in that said coating element (10) is calcium silicate or fibrous plaster.
6. The system according to claim 1 characterised in that said intumescent paint (13) is a mix of graphite and a polymer.
7. The system according to claim 6 characterised in that said polymer is polyurethane.
8. The system according to claim 6 characterised in that said mix comprises one part by weight of graphite and from half to one part by weight of polymer.
9. The system according to claim 1 characterised in that the quantity of said intumescent paint (13) applied is comprised between 400 and 2000 g/np.
10. A method for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection which comprises a coating element (10) for the protection against fire and a structure (11) to be protected from the fire, such as an attic, a beam, a wall; placing said coating element (10) at a pre-set distance from said structure (11) to form an empty gap (12) between said coating element (10) and said structure (11) characterised by painting the internal surface of said coating element (10) that accesses said gap (12) with an intumescent paint (13) .
EP20734811.1A 2019-06-03 2020-05-29 System for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection Withdrawn EP3976897A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102019000007884A IT201900007884A1 (en) 2019-06-03 2019-06-03 SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING THE THERMAL INSULATION CAPACITY OF SHEETS OR PANELS FOR FIRE PROTECTION
PCT/IB2020/055134 WO2020245715A1 (en) 2019-06-03 2020-05-29 System for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3976897A1 true EP3976897A1 (en) 2022-04-06

Family

ID=67998678

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20734811.1A Withdrawn EP3976897A1 (en) 2019-06-03 2020-05-29 System for improving the thermal insulation capacity of coating elements for fire protection

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3976897A1 (en)
IT (1) IT201900007884A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2020245715A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2429983A (en) * 2005-09-07 2007-03-14 Interact Fire Solutions Ltd Protecting a building element from fire
EP3056623A1 (en) * 2015-02-13 2016-08-17 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Façade module, building structure and method for installing the façade module
US10273682B2 (en) * 2016-10-24 2019-04-30 Firefree Coatings, Inc. Fire protection retrofits for high-rise buildings
EP3596173B1 (en) * 2017-03-14 2024-08-07 Dow Global Technologies Llc Intumescent coating system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2020245715A1 (en) 2020-12-10
IT201900007884A1 (en) 2020-12-03

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