EP3968937A1 - Oil-in-water macroemulsion - Google Patents
Oil-in-water macroemulsionInfo
- Publication number
- EP3968937A1 EP3968937A1 EP20727216.2A EP20727216A EP3968937A1 EP 3968937 A1 EP3968937 A1 EP 3968937A1 EP 20727216 A EP20727216 A EP 20727216A EP 3968937 A1 EP3968937 A1 EP 3968937A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- agents
- oil
- macroemulsion
- water
- surfactant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 139
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- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 claims description 4
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- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 claims description 4
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- 241000206672 Gelidium Species 0.000 claims description 4
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- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 33
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- UOXSXMSTSYWNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-aminoacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].NCC([O-])=O.NCC([O-])=O UOXSXMSTSYWNMH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HZRFVTRTTXBHSE-AYJHFOLZSA-N α-cedrene epoxide Chemical compound C1[C@]23[C@H](C)CC[C@H]3C(C)(C)[C@@H]1C1(C)OC1C2 HZRFVTRTTXBHSE-AYJHFOLZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZFLPKAIBPNNCA-FPLPWBNLSA-N α-ionone Chemical compound CC(=O)\C=C/C1C(C)=CCCC1(C)C UZFLPKAIBPNNCA-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFSTYGCNVAVZBK-KVDYQJCMSA-N α-sinensal Chemical compound O=CC(\C)=C/CCC(/C)=C/C\C=C(\C)C=C PFSTYGCNVAVZBK-KVDYQJCMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930007850 β-damascenone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- NOPLRNXKHZRXHT-PVMFERMNSA-N β-sinensal Chemical compound O=CC(\C)=C/CCC(/C)=C/CCC(=C)C=C NOPLRNXKHZRXHT-PVMFERMNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical class OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q13/00—Formulations or additives for perfume preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/06—Emulsions
- A61K8/062—Oil-in-water emulsions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L35/00—Food or foodstuffs not provided for in groups A23L5/00 – A23L33/00; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L35/10—Emulsified foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
- A61K8/737—Galactomannans, e.g. guar; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
- C11D17/0017—Multi-phase liquid compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/50—Perfumes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q15/00—Anti-perspirants or body deodorants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
- A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
- A61Q5/12—Preparations containing hair conditioners
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of liquid solubilising systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to an oil-in-water macroemulsion comprising a hydrophobic active substance, which enhances the transfer of said hydrophobic active substance to a subject or object.
- a method for producing the oil- in-water macroemulsion, and the use of said macroemulsion to provide a sensory effect or other benefits, are likewise provided.
- the present invention also pertains to the use of the oil-in-water macroemulsion for preparing consumer products.
- Consumer products comprising or consisting of said macroemulsion, such as foods, cosmetics, personal care products, in particular skin cleaning products, shampoos, rinse-off conditioners, deodorants, antiperspirants, body lotions, homecare products, in particular liquid detergents, all-purpose cleaners, laundry and cleaning agents, fabric softeners, laundry scent, laundry scent boosters, pharmaceuticals and pet foods, in particular laundry and cleaning agents, also form part of the present invention.
- the present invention especially pertains to laundry scent or laundry scent booster products which impart laundry an intensive fragrance effect.
- Microemulsions comprising one or more hydrophobic or lipophilic active substances are known in the prior art. Microemulsions are clear, thermodynamically stable, isotropic liquid mixtures of oil, water and surfactant, frequently in combination with a cosurfactant. Microemulsions are formed upon simple mixing of the components and do not require the high shear conditions generally used in the formation of ordinary emulsions. Their droplets vary in diameter from about 1 to 100 nm, usually 10 to 50 nm.
- Microemulsions have many commercially important uses, for example in detergents, foods, cosmetics, pharmaceutics and agrochemicals. [0004] Microemulsions have been proven to increase the absorbance of cosmetic ingredients such as whitening agents, moisturisers and antioxidants.
- microemulsions In pharmacy, microemulsions have potential suitability for dermal and transdermal administration of a wide variety of drug molecules. Due to a more pronounced solubilising property resulting in high concentration gradients and an increased dermal drug permeation rate, microemulsions have better bioavailability than conventional emulsions.
- hydrophobic or lipophilic active substances such as perfumes are usually transferred to fabrics during the laundry process or to a surface by microemulsions with the active substances solubilised by larger amounts of surfactant.
- formulation chemists approach the transfer of active substances to hair, beard or fur in the same way.
- microemulsions require a considerable concentration of surfactant. Additionally, microemulsions remain stable when diluted in water, for example in a laundry or washing or cleaning process, and their main part is deposited in the water and flushed away during washing. Consequently, in the transfer of for example perfume oils from liquid detergents, fabric softeners, laundry scent or laundry perfumes, etc., very high excesses of active substances have to be provided in order to compensate for this wastage.
- microcapsules comprising a hydrophobic or lipophilic perfume substance, as is the case in the laundry or cleaning sectors. Due to the low Newtonian viscosity of the formulation, microcapsules would sediment.
- perfume oil transfer involves fragranced powders or pastilles and clear-to-opaque liquids.
- the perfume substances or perfume oil is/are directly mixed into and solubilised in the product, for example a fabric softener, detergent or the like.
- the perfume substances or perfume oils can be delivered to the fabric through the rinse cycle of a washing machine.
- fragrances substances are volatile, resulting in fragrance loss during manufacturing, storage and use.
- Many fragrance oils are also unstable over time.
- Another problem in the art is that in the transfer of for example perfume substances or perfume oils from said products, most of their active substances are washed away during washing, i.e. the carryover of active substances is rather marginal, i.e. much active substance such as fragrance is lost during washing and is not deposited on the fabrics and end up in sewage. Very high excesses of active compounds have to be provided in order to compensate for this inefficient delivery, causing increased expense and pollution of sewage water.
- EP 1 297 101 A2 discloses a laundry composition with reduced surfactant concentration.
- EP 1 265 645 A1 discloses a perfume composition in which perfume oil is dispersed in a solid matrix based on a molten polymer mass.
- WO 2018/073 238 A1 pertains to a ringing gel composition i.e. a self-thickened composition having a viscoelastic behaviour and a viscosity of between 0.1 and 1000 Pa s at 20 °C, said ringing gel comprising an aqueous phase, a surfactant system essentially consisting of non-ionic surfactant(s), a linker and an oil phase comprising a hydrophobic active ingredient.
- US 2017/226690 A1 relates to mixtures of perfume oil and capsules which are stabilised by large concentrations of polyethylene glycol.
- fragrance (oil) loading capability i.e. fragrance (oil) stability
- fragrance (oil) transfer i.e. fragrance delivery to, or fragrance (oil) deposition on subjects and objects, in particular on fabrics, and to achieve the fragrance effect for a longer period of time.
- the present invention relates to an oil-in-water macroemulsion comprising or consisting of:
- an oily phase comprising at least one hydrophobic active substance, in particular a perfume or aroma substance;
- At least one stabiliser selected from the group consisting of polyacrylate or polymethacrylate thickener, xanthan gum, gellan gum, guar gum, alginic acid, alginate, agar-agar, carrageenan, welan gum, locust bean gum, tragacanth, gum arabic, pectins, polyoses, starch, dextrin, gelatine, casein, modified starches and modified celluloses and mixtures thereof; and optionally
- the amount of the surfactant is from 0.4 to 25 % by weight, based on the total weight of the oily phase.
- the present invention relates to a method for preparing an oil-in-water macroemulsion, comprising the steps of:
- (2-ii) providing an oily phase by mixing and dissolving at least one hydrophobic active substance and/or optionally at least one hydrophobic active substance in a microcapsule form in an oily solution;
- (2-iii) dispersing the oily phase in the aqueous phase by stirring, shaking, pressing or otherwise inducing sheer forces, to obtain a macroemulsion
- the amount of the surfactant is from 0.4 to 25 % by weight, based on the total weight of the oily phase.
- the present invention relates to a method for providing, transferring and depositing a hydrophobic active substance, comprising the steps of: providing an oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention; and bringing the oil-in-water macroemulsion, in particular a perfume or an aroma macroemulsion, in contact with a subject or object.
- the present invention relates to the use of a macroemulsion according to the present invention in a perfume, flavouring, active skin-product ingredients, active pharmaceutical ingredients, dyes, UV-active substances, optical brighteners, bodying agents, drape and form control agents, smoothness agents, static control agents, wrinkle control agents, sanitising agents, disinfecting agents, germ control agents, mould control agents, mildew control agents, antiviral agents, antimicrobials, drying agents, stain resistance agents, soil release agents, malodour control agents, fabric freshening agents, dye fixatives, colour maintenance agents, colour restoring/rejuvenating agents, anti-fading agents, anti-abrasion agents, wear resistance agents, fabric integrity agents, anti-wear agents, rinsing aids, UV protection agents, sun fade inhibitors, insect repellents, anti-allergenic agents, flame retardants, water-proofing agents, fabric softening agents, shrinkage resistance agents or stretch resistance agents.
- the present invention relates to the use of an oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention as an ingredient for preparing foods, cosmetics, personal care products, in particular skin cleaning products, shampoos, rinse-off conditioners, deodorants, antiperspirants, body lotions, homecare products, in particular liquid detergents, all-purpose cleaners, laundry and cleaning agents, fabric softeners, laundry scent, laundry scent boosters, pharmaceuticals and pet foods, in particular laundry scent and laundry scent products.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention relates to foods, cosmetics, personal care products, in particular skin cleaning products, shampoos, rinse-off conditioners, deodorants, antiperspirants, body lotions, homecare products, in particular liquid detergents, all-purpose cleaners, laundry and cleaning agents, fabric softeners, laundry scent, laundry scent boosters, pharmaceuticals and pet foods comprising a macroemulsion according to the present invention, in particular laundry scent and laundry scent products.
- Figure 1 shows the influence of the stirring speed on the droplet size of the oil-in-water emulsion.
- Figure 2 shows the variation in the surfactants of the oil-in-water emulsion.
- Figure 3 shows the influence of the Genaminox ® concentration on the droplet size of the emulsion.
- Figure 4 shows a compilation of the most favourable surfactant compositions and their corresponding ratios.
- Figure 5 shows the influence of the Tween 20 concentration on the droplet size of the emulsion.
- Figure 6 shows the influence of the surfactant concentration on the droplet size of the emulsion.
- Figure 7 shows the increase in the droplet size subject to the surfactant concentration and, simultaneously, the stirring speed.
- Figures 8 and 9 show the results of a sensory evaluation of the emulsion according to the present invention.
- Figure 10 shows the quantitative determination of perfume oil adsorption on cloth via SDE and GC.
- Figure 11 shows the total amount of perfume oil adhering to a piece of towel after a washing procedure using a scent lotion according to the present invention.
- Figure 12 shows the elimination of germs by an oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention.
- Figure 13 shows the droplet size distribution of the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention with a non-ionic solubilizer at different sheer stress.
- Figure 14 shows the droplet size distribution of the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention with an anionic surfactant mixture at different sheer stress.
- Figure 15 shows the droplet size distribution of the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention with another anionic surfactant mixture at different sheer stress.
- Figure 16 shows the droplet size distribution of the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention with a cationic surfactant mixture at different sheer stress.
- Figure 17 shows the droplet size distribution of the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention with another cationic surfactant mixture at different sheer stress.
- Figure 18 represents an assembly of scent lotion formulations prepared from different surfactant compositions with similar droplet sizes adjusted by the applied sheer stress.
- Figure 19 shows the quantification of perfume oil transfer to the fabric of the scent lotion formulations shown in Figure 18.
- Figure 20 represents samples of the scent lotion formulations prepared from different surfactant compositions at different sheer stress and their instability index.
- Figure 21 is a visualization of the correlation between droplet size and instability index.
- Figure 24 shows the relation between droplet size and perfume concentration.
- Figures 25 a and 25 b show the relative quantitative transfer of a fragrance compound in the washing/laundry process to cloth in dependence on the droplet size, the water solubility and log P value of the fragrance compound.
- the present invention relates to an oil-in-water macroemulsion prepared from a hydrophobic active substance, water, a surfactant and a stabiliser for stabilising the macroemulsion.
- Macroemulsions are mixtures of two immiscible liquids, one of them being dispersed in the other liquid in the form of fine droplets with a diameter of greater than 0.1 pm.
- Such systems are homogenous, transparent, milky in colour and thermodynamically unstable, i.e. the macroemulsion will ultimately separate into the two original immiscible liquids over time. They are part of a larger family of emulsions along with microemulsions.
- one phase serves as the dispersing agent. This is often called the continuous or outer phase. The remaining phase is called the dispersed or inner phase, because the liquid droplets are finely distributed amongst the larger continuous-phase droplets.
- Emulsifiers surfactants are used to reduce the interfacial tension between the two layers and so induce macroemulsion stability for a useful amount of time.
- Single macroemulsions comprising two phases, can be subdivided into two different types.
- O/W oil-in-water
- W/O water-in-oil
- the macroemulsion is an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion in which the oily phase is dispersed in an aqueous phase.
- O/W oil-in-water
- the first component constituting the aqueous or continuous or outer phase of the oil-in-water macroemulsion of the present invention, is water or alternatively water in combination with a polar solvent, miscible in water but immiscible in the oily phase.
- a polar solvent miscible in water but immiscible in the oily phase.
- water-miscible solvents include ethanol, DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), DPG (dipropylene glycol) or PEG (polyethylene glycol.
- the aqueous phase of the oil-in-water macroemulsion of the present invention is pure water.
- the proportion of the aqueous or continuous phase is from 25 to 99.9 % by weight, preferably from 50 to 99 by weight, more preferred from 80 to 98 % by weight, particularly preferred from 90 to 97 % by weight, and most preferred from 93 to 96 % by weight, relative to the total weight of the oil-in-water macroemulsion composition.
- the second component constituting the oily phase or dispersed or inner phase of the oil-in-water macroemulsion of the present invention, is the hydrophobic active substance itself or alternatively the hydrophobic active substance in mixture with a non-polar solvent immiscible with water.
- solvents include for example animal or vegetable oils or fats or their hydrolysates, paraffin oils, silicones, isopropyl myristate, DPG (dipropylene glycol), DPM (Dipropylene glycol methyl ether), ethanol, isopropanol, glycol, glycerol derivatives, triethylcitrate, triacetin, benzyl benzoate, MMB (3-Methoxy-3-methyl-1 -butanol), Isopar L® (C11 -13 Isoparaffin), neononyl acetate, dioctyl adipate, propylene carbonate, ethyl acetoacetate.
- DPG dipropylene glycol
- DPM Dipropylene glycol methyl ether
- ethanol isopropanol
- glycol glycol
- glycerol derivatives triethylcitrate
- triacetin triacetin
- benzyl benzoate M
- the oily phase of the oil-in-water macroemulsion of the present invention is solely the hydrophobic active substance.
- the proportion of the oily or dispersed phase is 0.1 to 75 % by weight, preferably 1 to 50 % by weight, more preferred 2 to 20 % by weight, particularly preferred 3 to 10 % by weight, and most preferred 4 to 7 % by weight, relative to the total weight of the oil-in-water macroemulsion composition.
- the mixing ratio of the aqueous or continuous phase to the oily or dispersed phase is preferably within a range of 999.09 : 0.01 to 250 : 750, preferably 990 : 10 to 500 : 500, more preferably 900 : 100 to 800 : 200.
- the oily or dispersed phase of the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention comprises at least one hydrophobic active substance.
- active substance is to be understood to mean a substance or ingredient pertaining to a certain effect, for example a fragrance, an aroma, a dye, a pharmaceutical drug, a pesticide, etc.
- the active substances in the macroemulsion of the present invention are hydrophobic or lipophilic substances. Hydrophobic substances (hydrophobes) tend to be non-polar and therefore prefer other neutral molecules and non-polar solvents. Because water molecules are polar, hydrophobic active substances do not dissolve well in water, but rather in the oily phase of the macroemulsion.
- the hydrophobic substance is either part of the oily or inner phase, i.e. with another component constituting the oily or dispersed phase of the macroemulsion, or itself constitutes the oily or dispersed phase of the macroemulsion.
- the hydrophobic substance alone constitutes the oily or dispersed phase of the macroemulsion.
- the at least one hydrophobic active substance is preferably selected from the group consisting of perfume substances, perfume oils, aroma substances, aromas, active skin-product ingredients, active pharmaceutical ingredients, dyes, UV-active substances, optical brighteners, bodying agents, drape and form control agents, smoothness agents, static control agents, wrinkle control agents, sanitising agents, disinfecting agents, germ control agents, mould control agents, mildew control agents, antiviral agents, antimicrobials, drying agents, stain resistance agents, soil release agents, malodour control agents, fabric freshening agents, dye fixatives, colour maintenance agents, colour restoring/rejuvenating agents, anti-fading agents, anti-abrasion agents, wear resistance agents, fabric integrity agents, anti-wear agents, rinsing aids, UV protection agents, sun fade inhibitors, insect repellents, anti-allergenic agents, flame retardants, water-proofing agents, fabric softening agents, shrinkage resistance agents and stretch resistance agents.
- hydrophobic active substances and other ingredients present in the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the invention are described in detail hereinafter. However, the lists of these active substances and other ingredients are non-limiting and may include further active ingredients and other ingredients that are not elucidated further below.
- dyes In order to improve the esthetic impression of the textile treatment agents, they can be colored using suitable dyes. Preferred dyes that are easy for the person having ordinary skill in the art to select have high storage stability, are insensitive to light, and do not show pronounced substantivity with respect to textile fibers so that they will not stain the latter. [0073] As dyes, dye substances can be used that are for example listed in “Kosmetician mistakesch” der Farbstoffkommission der Deutschen Anlagensisme, Verlag Chemie, Wü, 1984, pages 81 - 106. Examples are Cochenille Red A (C.l. 16255), Patent blue V (C.l. 42051 ), Indigotin (C.l. 73015), Chlorophyllin (C.l.
- Luminol may be comprised.
- Suitable soil release polymers which are also referred to as “antiredeposition agents”, are for example non-ionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methylhydroxypropyl cellulose having a proportion of methoxy groups of 15% to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropyl groups of 1 % to 15% by weight, based in each case on the non-ionic cellulose ethers, and also the polymers, known from the prior art, of phthalic acid and/or terephthalic acid or of derivatives thereof, especially polymers of ethylene terephthalates and/or polyethylene and/or polypropylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and/or non-ionically modified derivatives of these.
- Suitable derivatives include the sulphonated derivatives of phthalic acid and terephthalic acid polymers.
- Optical brighteners can be added to the macroemulsion in order to eliminate greying and yellowing of the treated textile surfaces. These substances are absorbed by the fibers, brightening them and simulating a bleaching effect, by converting invisible ultraviolet radiation into visible longer-wavelength light, wherein the ultraviolet light absorbed from sunlight is given off as a slightly blue fluorescence, combining with the yellow color of the greyed or yellowed laundry to give a pure white color.
- Suitable compounds are derived for example from the substance classes of the 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-stilbene disulfonic acids (flavonic acids), 4,4'-distyryl-biphenylenes, methyl umbelliferones, coumarins, dihydroquinolinones, 1 ,3-diarylpyrazolines, naphthalic acid imides, benzoxazole, benzisoxazole and benzimidazole systems, and heterocycle-substituted pyrene derivatives.
- Greying inhibitors have the task of keeping the dirt detached from the fibres suspended in the liquor and hence of preventing reattachment of the dirt.
- Suitable for this purpose are water-soluble colloids, usually organic in nature, for example size, gelatin, salts of ethersulphonic acids of starch or of cellulose or salts of acidic sulphuric acid esters of cellulose or of starch.
- water-soluble polyamides containing acidic groups are also suitable for this purpose.
- soluble starch preparations and starch products other than those specified above, for example degraded starch, aldehyde starches etc. It is also possible to use polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- cellulose ethers such as carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium salt), methyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose and mixed ethers such as methylhydroxyethyl cellulose, methylhydroxypropyl cellulose, methylcarboxymethyl cellulose and mixtures thereof.
- the oil-in-water macroemulsion may contain synthetic anticrease agents. These include, for example, synthetic products based on fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amides, fatty acid alkylol esters, fatty acid alkylolamides or fatty alcohols, which have usually been reacted with ethylene oxide, or products based on lecithin or modified phosphoric acid esters.
- Antistatics increase the surface conductivity, thus allowing built-up charges to be more easily discharged.
- antistatics are substances with at least one hydrophilic molecular ligand that provide a more or less hygroscopic film on surfaces. These antistatics, which are usually surface-active, can be divided into nitrogen-containing (amines, amides, quaternary ammonium compounds), phosphorus-containing (phosphoric acid esters) and sulfur-containing (alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates) antistatics.
- Lauryl-(or stearyl)dimethylbenzyl ammonium chlorides are suitable as antistatics for textile surfaces or as additives to detergents and cleaning agents, wherein an additional conditioning effect is also achieved.
- Humectants serve to regulate moisture on the skin.
- Humectants preferred according to the invention include amino acids, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, lactic acid and salts thereof, lactitol, urea and urea derivatives, uric acid, glucosamine, creatinine, cleavage products of collagen, chitosan or chitosan salts/derivatives, and in particular polyols and polyol derivatives (e.g.
- glycerol diglycerol, triglycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, erythritol, 1 ,2,6-hexane triol, polyethylene glycols such as PEG-4, PEG-6, PEG-7, PEG-8, PEG-9, PEG-10, PEG- 12, PEG-14, PEG-16, PEG-18, PEG-20), sugar and sugar derivatives (including fructose, glucose, maltose, maltitol, mannitol, inositol, sorbitol, sorbitol silane diol, sucrose, trehalose, xylose, xylitol, glucuronic acid and salts thereof), ethoxylated sorbitol (Sorbeth-6, Sorbeth-20, Sorbeth-30, Sorbeth-40), honey and hardened honey, hardened starch hydrolysates and mixtures of hardened wheat protein and PEG-20-
- Biogenic agents are understood for example to refer to tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol palmitate, ascorbic acid, (deoxy)ribonucleic acid and fragmentation products thereof, b-glucans, retinol, bisabolol, allantoin, phytantriol, panthenol, AHA acids, amino acids, ceramides, pseudoceramides, essential oils, plant extracts such as e.g. prune extract, Bambara nut extract and vitamin complexes.
- the macroemulsion can comprise antioxidants.
- antioxidants include amino acids (e.g. glycine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and derivatives thereof, imidazoles (e.g. urocanic acid) and derivatives thereof, peptides such as D,L carnosine, D carnosine, L carnosine and derivatives thereof (e.g. anserine), carotenoids, carotenes (e.g.
- thioredoxin glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cysteamine and glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palm itoyl, oleyl, g-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters thereof) and salts thereof, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and derivatives thereof (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides and salts) and sulfoximine compounds (e.g.
- buthionine sulfoximine in very low tolerable dosages (e.g. pmol to pmol/kg), further (metal) chelators (e.g. a-hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid, lactoferrin), a-hydroxy acids (e.g.
- citric acid citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid
- humic acid bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and derivatives thereof
- unsaturated fatty acids and derivatives thereof e.g. y- linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid
- folic acid and derivatives thereof ubiquinone and ubiquinol and derivatives thereof
- vitamin C and derivatives e.g. ascorbyl palmitate, Mg ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate
- tocopherols and derivatives e.g.
- vitamin E acetate
- vitamin A and derivatives vitamin-A-palmitate
- coniferyl benzoate from benzoic resin, rutinic acid and derivatives thereof, a-glycosylrutin, ferulic acid, furfurylidene glucitol, carnosine, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone, uric acid and derivatives thereof, mannose and derivatives thereof, superoxide dismutase, zinc and derivatives thereof (e.g. ZnO, ZnS04) selenium and derivatives thereof (e.g. selenium methionine), stilbenes and derivatives thereof (e.g. stilbene oxide, trans- stilbene oxide) and suitable derivatives according to the invention of the above- mentioned agents (salts, esters, ethers, sugars, nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids).
- Suitable anti-dandruff agents are piroctone olamine (1 -hydroxy-4-methyl-6- (2,4,4-trimythylpentyl)-2-(1 H)-pyridinone monoethanolamine salt), Baypival® (climbazole), Ketoconazol®, (4-acetyl-1 - ⁇ -4-[2-(2,4-dichlorphenyl) r-2-(1 H-imidazol-1 - ylmethyl)-1 ,3-dioxylan-c-4-ylmethoxyphenyl ⁇ piperazine, ketoconazole, elubiol, selenium disulfide, colloidal sulfur, sulfur polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate, sulfur ricinol polyethoxylate, sulfur-tar distillates, salicylic acid (or in combination with hexachlorophene), undecylenic acid monoethanolamide sulfosuccinate Na-salt, Lamepon® UD (protein-
- Cosmetic deodorants counteract body odors or mask or eliminate them. Body odors occur due to the effect of skin bacteria on apocrine perspiration, wherein unpleasant-smelling decomposition products are formed. Accordingly, deodorants comprise agents that function as antimicrobial agents, enzyme inhibitors, odor absorbers, and odor-asking agents.
- antimicrobial agents all substances active against grampositive bacteria are generally suitable, such as e.g. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and salts and esters thereof, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea, 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'- hydroxy-di-phenylether (triclosan), 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, 2,2'-methylene-bis(6- bromo-4-chlorophenol), 3-methyl-4-(1 -methylethyl)-phenol, 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol, 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1 ,2-propanediol, 3-iodo-2-propinylbutylcarbamate, chlorohexidine, 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide (TTC), antibacterial fragrances, thymol, thyme oil, eugenol, clove oil, menthol,
- TTC 3,
- esterase inhibitors are esterase inhibitors. These are preferably trialkyl citrates such as trimethyl citrate, tripropyl citrate, triisopropyl citrate, tributyl citrate and in particular triethyl citrate (Hydagen® CAT). These substances inhibit enzyme activity and thus reduce the formation of odors. Further substances suitable as esterase inhibitors are sterol sulfates or phosphates, such as e.g. lanosterol, cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol sulfates or phosphates, dicarboxylic acids and esters thereof, such as e.g.
- Suitable as odor absorbers are substances that are capable of absorbing odor-causing compounds and largely retaining them. They reduce the partial pressure of the individual components and thus reduce their rate of diffusion. It is important in this case that perfumes must remain unaffected.
- Odor absorbers have no effect against bacteria. They comprise for example as the main component a complex zinc salt of ricinoleic acid or special, largely odor-neutral fragrances that are known to the person having ordinary skill in the art as“fixators,” such as e.g. extracts of labdanum or styrax or certain abietic acid derivatives. Fragrances or perfume oils that, in addition to their function as odor-masking agents, provide deodorants with their respective scents act as odor-masking agents. Examples of perfume oils that can be mentioned are mixtures of natural and synthetic fragrances. Natural fragrances are extracts of flowers, stems and leaves, fruits, fruit peels, roots, woods, hers and grasses, needles and branches, and resins and balsams.
- Typical synthetic fragrance compounds are products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon types. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are e.g. benzyl acetate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, phenethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formiate, allylcyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate.
- ethers include benzyl ethyl ether
- aldehydes include linear alkanals with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyl oxyacetaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal
- ketones include the ionones and methyl cedryl ketone
- alcohols include anethol, citronellol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenethyl alcohol and terpineol
- hydrocarbons include mainly the terpenes and balsams.
- fragrance oils that together produce a pleasant scent.
- Essential oils of low volatility which are usually used as flavoring components, are also suitable as perfume oils, e.g. sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, Melissa oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden flower oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil, labdanum oil and lavandin oil.
- Antiperspirants reduce the formation of perspiration by affecting the activity of the eccrine sweat glands, thus counteracting underarm wetness and body odor.
- Aqueous or anhydrous formulations of antiperspirants typically comprise the following ingredients: astringent agents, oil components, nonionic emulsifiers, coemulsifiers, bodying agents, excipients such as e.g. thickeners or complexing agents and/or non-aqueous solvents such as e.g. ethanol, propylene glycol and/or glycerol.
- Suitable as astringent antiperspirant agents are primarily salts of aluminum, zirconium or zinc.
- antihydrotically active agents examples include e.g. aluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum dichlorohydrate, aluminum sesquichlorohydrate and complex compounds thereof, e.g. with propylene glycol-1 ,2-aluminum hydroxyallantoinate, aluminum chloride tartrate, aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrate, aluminum zirconium pentachlorohydrate and complex compounds thereof, e.g. with amino acids such as glycine.
- antiperspirants may comprise common oil-soluble and water-soluble excipients in small amounts.
- oil-soluble excipients can for example include: anti-inflammatory, skin-protective, or fragrant essential oils, synthetic skin-protective agents and/or oil-soluble perfume oils.
- the macroemulsion can comprise antimicrobial agents in order to combat microorganisms.
- antimicrobial agents in order to combat microorganisms.
- important substances from these groups are benzalkonium chlorides, alkylaryl sulfonates, halophenols and phenylmercuric acetates, wherein these compounds may also be dispensed with entirely in the detergents and cleaning agents according to the invention.
- antimicrobial agents all substances active against grampositive bacteria are generally suitable, such as e.g.
- bleaching agents that yield H202 in water
- sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance.
- Further useful bleaching agents are for example sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H202-yielding peracidic salts or peracids such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phthaloiminoperacid or diperdodecanedioc acid.
- Compounds that yield aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids, preferably with 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and/or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid under perhydrolysis conditions can be used as bleach activators.
- Suitable are substances bearing O-and/or N-acyl groups with the above-mentioned number of C atoms and/or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- Preferred are polyacylated alkylene diamines, in particular tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, in particular 1 ,5- diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1 ,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, in particular tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoyl succinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol sulfonates, in particular N-nonanoyl or isononanoyl oxybenzene sulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic anhydrides, in particular phthalic acid anhydride, and acyl
- bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the textile treatment agents.
- These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as e.g. Mn-, Fe-, Co-, R- or Mo-salt complexes or -carbonyl complexes.
- Mn-, Fe-, Co-, Ru-, Mo-, Ti-, V- and Cu- complexes with nitrogen-containing tripod ligands and Co- Fe-, Cu- and Ru-ammine complexes can also be used as bleach catalysts.
- the macroemulsion according to the invention can comprise preservatives.
- preservatives examples are sorbic acid and salts thereof, benzoic acid and salts thereof, salicylic acid and salts thereof, phenoxyethanol, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, sodium N-(hydroxymethyl)glycinate, biphenyl-2 -ol and mixtures thereof.
- a suitable preservative is the solvent-free, aqueous combination of diazolidinyl urea, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate (obtainable as Euxyl® K 500 from SchOlke and Mayr), which may be used in a pH range of up to 7.
- Preservatives based on organic acids and/or salts thereof are particularly suitable for preserving the skin-friendly detergents and oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the invention.
- Silicone derivatives may be used in textile treatment in order to improve rewettability and facilitate ironing of treated textile surfaces. These further improve the rinsing behavior of the detergents and cleaning agents by means of their foam-inhibiting properties.
- Preferred silicone derivatives are for example polydialkyl or alkylaryl siloxanes in which the alkyl groups have one to five C atoms and are completely or partially fluorinated.
- Preferred silicones are polydimethylsiloxanes, which can optionally be derivatized and are then aminofunctional or quaternized or have Si-OH, Si-H and/or Si-CI bonds.
- the viscosities of the preferred silicones at 25 °C. are in the range of 100 to 100,000 mPas.
- the macroemulsion according to the present invention can also comprise insect repellents.
- Suitable insect repellents are N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, 1 ,2- pentanediol or ethyl butyl acetyl aminopropionate.
- the macroemulsion according to the present invention can also comprise UV absorbers that are absorbed onto the treated textile surface and improve the light stability of the fibers.
- UV light protection factors is understood for example to refer to organic substances that are liquid or crystalline at room temperature (light protection filters), which are capable of absorbing ultraviolet rays and giving off the absorbed energy in the form of longer-wavelength radiation, e.g. heat.
- the UV light protection factors are ordinarily present in amounts of 0.1 to 5 and preferably 0.2 to 1 wt.%.
- UVB filters can be oil-soluble or water-soluble. Examples of oil-soluble substances include, for example: 3-benzylidene camphor or 3-benzylidene norcamphor and derivatives thereof, e.g.
- 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor 4- aminobenzoic acid derivatives, preferably 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid-2 -ethyl- hexyl ester, 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid-2-octyl ester and 4- (dimethylamino)benzoic acid amyl ester; esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 4- methoxycinnamic acid-2 -ethylhexyl ester, 4-methoxy-cinnamic acid propyl ester, 4- methoxycinnamic acid isoamyl ester, and 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamic acid-2- ethylhexyl ester(octocrylene); esters of salicylic acid, preferably salicylic acid-2- ethylhexyl ester, salicylic acid-4-iso-propylbenzyl ester, and salicy
- suitable UVA filters include derivatives of benzoyl methane, such as e.g. 1 -(4'-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4'-methoxyphenyl)propane-1 ,3-dione, 4-tert- butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoyl methane (Parsol® 1789), 2-(4-diethylamino-2- hydroxybenzoyl)-benzoic acid hexyl ester (Uvinul® A Plus), 1 -phenyl-3-(4'- isopropylphenyl)-propane-1 ,3-dione and enamine compounds.
- benzoyl methane such as e.g. 1 -(4'-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4'-methoxyphenyl)propane-1 ,3-dione, 4-tert- butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoyl methane (Par
- the UVA and UVB filters can of course also be used in mixtures. Particularly favorable combinations are composed of the derivatives of benzoylmethane, e.g. 4-tert-butyl-4'- methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol® 1789) and 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamic acid-2- ethyl-hexyl ester (octocrylene) in combination with esters of cinnamic acid, preferably 4-methoxycinnamic acid-2 -ethylhexyl ester and/or 4-methoxycinnamic acid propyl ester and/or 4-methoxycinnamic acid isoamyl ester.
- benzoylmethane e.g. 4-tert-butyl-4'- methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol® 1789) and 2-cyano-3,3-phenylcinnamic acid-2- ethyl
- water-soluble filters such as e.g. 2- phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium, alkylammoium, alkanolammonium- and glucammonium salts thereof.
- insoluble light protection pigments specifically finely-dispersed metal oxides or salts
- suitable metal oxides are in particular zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, as well as oxides of iron, zirconium, silicon, manganese, aluminum and cerium and mixtures thereof.
- Silicates (talc), barium sulfate or zinc stearate may be used as salts.
- the oxides and salts are used in the form of pigments for skin care and skin protection emulsions and decorative cosmetics. In this case, the particles should have an average diameter of less than 100 nm, preferably 5 to 50 nm and in particular 15 to 30 nm.
- the pigments can also be present in surface-treated, i.e. hydrophilized or hydrophobized form.
- Typical examples are coated titanium dioxides, such as e.g. titanium dioxide T 805 (Degussa) or Eusolex® T2000, Eusolex® T, Eusolex® T-ECO, Eusolex® T-Aqua, Eusolex® T-45D (all Merck), Uvinul Ti02 (BASF).
- suitable hydro-phobic coating agents are primarily silicones, specifically trialkoxyoctylsilanes or simethicones.
- micro- or nanopigments are preferably used.
- a micronized zinc oxide such as e.g. Z-COTE® or Z-COTE HP1® is used.
- Suitable heavy metal complexing agents are for example the alkali salts of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) or nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and alkali metal salts of anionic polyelectrolytes such as polymaleates and polysulfonates.
- EDTA ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid
- NTA nitrilotriacetic acid
- a preferred class of complexing agents are the phosphonates, which are included in preferred textile treatment agents in amounts of 0.01 to 2.5 % by weight, preferably 0.02 to 2 % by weight and in particular 0.03 to 1.5 % by weight.
- organophosphonates such as e.g. 1 -hydroxyethane- 1 ,1 -diphosphonic acid (HEDP), aminotri(methylene phosphonic acid) (ATMP), diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP or DETPMP) and 2- phosphonobutane-1 ,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBS-AM), which are usually used in the form of their ammonium or alkali metal salts.
- organophosphonates such as e.g. 1 -hydroxyethane- 1 ,1 -diphosphonic acid (HEDP), aminotri(methylene phosphonic acid) (ATMP), diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP or DETPMP) and 2- phosphonobutane-1 ,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBS-AM), which are usually used in the form of their ammonium or alkali metal salts.
- organophosphonates such as e.
- hydrophobic active substances specified above can be used either singularly or in a mixture of two or three or four or even more of the above substances.
- the amount of the hydrophobic active substance used is 0.1 to 75 % by weight, preferably 1 to 50 % by weight, more preferred 2 to 20 % by weight, particularly preferred 3 to 10 % by weight, and most preferred 4 to 7 % by weight, relative to the total weight of the oil-in- water macroemulsion composition.
- the hydrophobic active substance comprises or consists of a perfume substance or aroma substance or at least one perfume oil or aroma, if the macroemulsion of the present invention is to be used for imparting, i.e. delivering or transferring, a fragrance or aroma, i.e. it is dispersed in the oily or dispersed phase of the macroemulsion of the present invention.
- a perfume substance or aroma substance is understood here to mean a compound which is used for the primary purpose of conferring or modifying an odour or flavour.
- a perfuming or flavouring substance such an ingredient must be recognised by a person skilled in the art as being able to at least impart or modify the odour or flavour of a composition in a positive or pleasant way.
- the terms “perfume oil” or“aroma” include a combination of perfuming or flavouring ingredients for modifying or imparting an odour or flavour.
- odoriferous or aroma substances can be used, either as individual substances or in mixtures with at least one other odoriferous or aroma substance, in a large number of fragrance or aroma mixtures, selected from an extensive range of natural and synthetic substances.
- Perfume substances or aroma substances which are advantageously suitable for combining are listed for example in S. Arctander, Perfume and Flavor Materials, volumes I and II, Montclair, N.J. 1969, private publication, and/or in H. Surburg, J. Panten, Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials, 6 th edition, Wiley-VCFI, Weinheim 2016. The following list comprises examples of known odoriferous substances or aroma substances:
- Fragrances and perfume oils may be natural odourant mixtures, such as those obtainable from plant sources, examples being extracts of natural raw materials such as essential oils, concretes, absolutes, resins, resinoids, balsams, tinctures such as for example: ambergris tincture; amyris oil; angelica seed oil; angelica root oil; anise oil; valerian oil; basil oil; tree moss absolute; bay oil; artemisia oil; benzoin resin; bergamot oil; beeswax absolute; birch tar oil; bitter almond oil; savory oil; buchu leaf oil; cabreuva oil; cade oil; calamus oil; camphor oil; cananga oil; cardamom oil; cascarilla oil; cassia oil; cassie absolute; castoreum absolute cedar leaf oil; cedarwood oil; cistus oil; citronella oil; lemon oil; copaiba balsam; copaiba balsam oil; coriander oil; costus root oil;
- the perfume oil transfer of a laundry perfume heavily depends on the properties of the perfume substance or the aroma substance or the perfume oil or the aroma. Perfume substances or aroma substances with low water solubility and/or high log P value appear to adhere better to cloth.
- the macroemulsion comprises as active hydrophobic substance perfume substances or aroma substances which have a low water solubility and/or a high log P value.
- the partition coefficient (P) is the ratio of concentrations of a compound in a mixture of two immiscible solvents at equilibrium. This ratio is therefore a comparison of the solubility of the solute in these two liquids.
- both phases usually are solvents. Most commonly, one of the solvents is water, while the second is hydrophobic such as 1 -octanol.
- the partition coefficient measures how hydrophilic or hydrophobic a chemical substance is.
- the log P value is a constant defined in the following manner:
- [ ] indicates the concentration of solute in the organic and/or aqueous partition.
- log P is a constant, its value is dependent on the choice of the organic partitioning solvent.
- perfume substances or aroma substances with a water solubility ⁇ 100 mg/I at room temperature and a log P value of > 3.0 based on a water/n-octanol (1 : 1 ) system, which seem to be transferred best to the laundry in a washing process and, thus, are recommendable for application in laundry scent or laundry scent booster (see Figures 25 a and 25 b).
- the water solubility is > 100 mg/I
- a log P value of > 3.0 is favourably for the solubility of the perfume or aroma substances in the oily phase and the transfer of the perfume or aroma substances in the washing/laundry process to the clothes.
- the water solubility of the perfume or aroma substance is preferably 50 - 100 mg/I, more preferred 20 to 50 mg/I, and most preferred 0 to 20 mg/I (all values at room temperature) and/or the log P value, based on a water/n-octanol (1 : 1 ) system, is preferably 3.0 to 3.9, more preferred 3.9 to 4.5, and more preferred > 4.5, in order to increase the quantitative transfer and deposition of fragrance or aroma to/on the clothes in a washing/laundry.
- a perfume oil or aroma is used as hydrophobic active substance, than a predominant amount or almost all of the perfume components or aroma components constituting the perfume oil or the aroma should have a high water solubility and/or a low log P value as defined above, in order to improve the quantitative transfer of the fragrance or aroma to the laundry in a washing process.
- the amount of the odoriferous or aroma substance used is 0.1 to 75 % by weight, preferably 1 to 50 % by weight, more preferred 2 to 20 % by weight, particularly preferred 3 to 10 % by weight, and most preferred 4 to 7 % by weight, relative to the total weight of the oil-in-water macroemulsion composition.
- the odoriferous or aroma substance(s) constitute(s) the oily phase.
- the hydrophobic active substance, in particular the perfume or aroma substance, of the macroemulsion according to the present invention may be used in liquid form, either undiluted or diluted with a non-polar solvent immiscible with water.
- solvents include for example animal or vegetable oils or fats or their hydrolysates, paraffin oils, silicones, isopropyl myristate, DPG (dipropylene glycol), DPM (dipropylene glycol methyl ether), ethanol, isopropanol, glycol, glycerol derivatives, triethylcitrate, triacetin, benzyl benzoate, MMB (3-Methoxy-3-methyl-1 -butanol), Isopar L® (C11 -13 Isoparaffin), neononyl acetate, dioctyl adipate, propylene carbonate, ethyl acetoacetate.
- DPG dipropylene glycol
- DPM dipropylene glycol methyl ether
- ethanol isopropanol
- glycol glycol
- glycerol derivatives triethylcitrate
- triacetin triacetin
- benzyl benzoate MMB
- the hydrophobic active substance in particular the perfume or aroma substance, may be - at least partly - encapsulated.
- the encapsulation can be in the form of microcapsules which have been widely described in the prior art.
- capsules is understood to refer to spherical aggregates comprising at least one solid or liquid core that is enclosed by at least one continuous shell.
- the hydrophobic active substance can be in the form of macrocapsules with diameters of approximately 0.1 to approximately 5 mm or microcapsules with diameters of approximately 0.0001 to approximately 0.1 mm.
- the capsules can also have two or more shells of differing composition.
- the microcapsules have a core and a microcapsule wall which encapsulates the core.
- the core comprises at least one of the hydrophobic active substances described above.
- the nature of the polymeric shell of the microcapsules of the invention can vary.
- Non-limiting examples of materials from which the wall can be formed include a polymer such as a urea-formaldehyde polymer, a melamine- formaldehyde polymer, a phenolic-formaldehyde polymer, a urea-glutaraldehyde polymer, a melamine-glutaraldehyde polymer, a phenolic-glutaraldehyde polymer, polyurea, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polyamide, polyester, an epoxy cross-linked polymer, a polyfunctional carbodiimide cross-linked polymer, silica, a silica-derived material, polysiloxanes, polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyanhydride, poly
- Suitable polymeric materials are ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer, styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, and lactide glycolide copolymer.
- Biopolymers derived from alginate, chitosan, collagen, dextran, gelatine and starch can also be used as the encapsulating materials.
- Preferred encapsulating wall polymers include those formed from isocyanates, acrylates, acrylamides, acrylate-co-acrylamides, hydrogel monomers, sol-gel precursors, gelatine, melamine-formaldehyde or urea- formaldehyde condensates or cross-linked melamine formaldehyde or melamine glyoxal, as well as similar types of aminoplasts.
- the encapsulating wall is polyurea-based and made from for example isocyanate-based monomers and amine-containing crosslinkers such as guanidine carbonate and/or guanazole.
- Preferred polyurea microcapsules comprise a polyurea wall which is the reaction product of the polymerisation between at least one polyisocyanate comprising at least two isocyanate functional groups and at least one reactant selected from the group consisting of an amine,
- the encapsulation shell is polyamine-based and made from for example melamine and formaldehyde or a phenol resin.
- Preferred melamine- formaldehyde capsule shells consist of different layers of melamine and different linkers from the group of ketones, phenols or aldehydes.
- the shell is polyurethane-based and made from for example polyisocyanate and polyol, polyamide, polyester, etc. or may comprise any suitable resin including in particular melamine, glyoxal, polyurea, polyurethane, polyamide, polyester, etc.
- Suitable resins include the reaction product of an aldehyde and an amine, suitable aldehydes including formaldehyde and glyoxal.
- Suitable amines include melamine, urea, benzoguanamine, glycoluril and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable melamines include methylol melamine, methylated methylol melamine, imino melamine and mixtures thereof.
- Suitable ureas include dimethylol urea, methylated dimethylol urea, urea resorcinol and mixtures thereof.
- the core-shell microcapsule is a formaldehyde-free capsule.
- the macroemulsion comprises one part of the total amount of the hydrophobic active substance which is freely dispersed in the aqueous phase, and another part of the total amount of the hydrophobic active substance which is dispersed in an encapsulated form in the aqueous phase.
- the macroemulsion comprises one part of a perfume or aroma substance which is freely dispersed in the aqueous phase and another part of the perfume or aroma substance which is dispersed in an encapsulated form in the aqueous phase.
- Combining a hydrophobic active substance, in particular a perfume or aroma substance, in a free form and in an encapsulated form has the advantageous effect that, when deposited on a subject or object, for example laundry, the active substance in a free form has an immediate effect, whereas the active substance in an encapsulated form has a delayed effect, because the active substance is released only when mechanical stress is exerted on the microcapsule.
- macroemulsions are not thermodynamically stable, they do not form spontaneously and require energy input, usually in the form of stirring or shaking of some kind, to mechanically mix the otherwise immiscible phases.
- a surfactant or emulsifier of some sort is also generally required. This helps form emulsions by reducing the interfacial tension between the two phases, usually by acting as a surfactant or adsorbing onto the interface.
- a surfactant or emulsifier is a substance which stabilises an emulsion by increasing its kinetic stability and which typically has a polar or hydrophilic (i.e. water-soluble) part and a non-polar (i.e. hydrophobic or lipophilic) part.
- emulsifying agents or surfactants tend to have differing solubility in water and in oil.
- Emulsifiers which are more soluble in water (and, conversely, less soluble in oil) will generally form oil-in-water emulsions, while emulsifiers which are more soluble in oil will generally form water-in-oil emulsions.
- the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention therefore also comprises at least one surfactant or emulsifying agent.
- HLB hydrophile-lipophile balance
- the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention at least one surfactant with an HLB number of between 8 and 18 is used.
- a surfactant with an HLB number between 10 and 14 is used.
- the macroemulsion of the present invention comprises at least one surfactant with an HLB number of between 11 and 13.
- the at least one surfactant or emulsifying agent to be used in implementing the present invention is selected from the group consisting of non-ionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants.
- non-ionic surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed eithers or mixed formals, optionally partially oxidized alk(en)yl oligoglycosides or glucuronic acid derivatives, fatty acid-N-alkyl glucamides, protein hydrolysates (in particular wheat-based plant products), polyol fatty acid esters, sucrose esters, sorbitan esters, polysorbates and am inoxides.
- Typical anionic surfactants or emulsifiers are aliphatic fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms, such as e.g. palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid, and dicarboxylic acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms, such as e.g. azelaic acid or sebacic acid.
- anionic surfactants are soaps, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkane sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, glyceryl ether sulfonates, a-methyl ester sulfonates, sulfofatty acids, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, glyceryl ether sulfates, fatty acid ether sulfates, hydroxy mixed ether sulfates, monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkylsulfosuccinates, mono- and dialkylsulfosuccinamates, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinate
- acyl lactylates acyl tartrates, acyl glutamates and acyl aspartates, alkyl oligoglycoside sulfates, protein fatty acid condensates (in particular wheat-based plant products) and alkyl(ether) phosphates.
- Typical examples of cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds, such as e.g. dimethyl distearyl ammonium chloride, and esterquats, in particular quaternized fatty acid trialkanolamine ester salts.
- zwitterionic surfactants may be used as surfactants or emulsifiers.
- Surfactant compounds having in the molecule at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one carboxylate and one sulfonate group are referred to as zwitterionic surfactants.
- Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the so- called betaines, such as the N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium glycinates, e.g.
- coconut alkyldimethyl ammonium glycinate the N-acylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium glycinates, for example coconut acylaminopropyl dimethyl ammonium glycinate, 2- alkyl-3-carboxylmethyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazolines with 8 to 18 C atoms respectively in the alkyl or acyl group, and coconut acylaminoethyl hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl glycinate.
- Particularly preferred is the fatty acid amide derivative known by the CTFA name cocam idopropyl betaine.
- Further suitable emulsifiers are ampholytic surfactants.
- Ampholytic surfactants are understood to refer to surfactant compounds which, in addition to one C8/18 alkyl or acyl group in the molecule, comprise at least one free amino group and at least one -COOH- or -SO3H group and are capable of forming inner salts.
- ampholytic surfactants are N-alkylglycines, N-alkylpropionic acids, N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodipropionic acids, N- hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycines, N-alkyltaurines, N-alkylsarcosines, 2- alkylaminopropionic acids and alkylaminoacetic acids with approximately 8 to 18 C atoms respectively in the alkyl group.
- Particularly preferred ampholytic surfactants are N-coconut alkylaminopropionate, coconut acylaminoethyl aminopropionate and C12/18 acylsarcosine.
- amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are alkyl betaine, alkyl amidobetaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines.
- the above-mentioned surfactants are exclusively known compounds.
- Typical further examples of particularly suitable surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, mono- and/or dialkylsulfosuccinates, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, fatty acid glutamates, a-olefin sulfonates, ether carboxylic acids, alkyl oligoglycosides, fatty acid glucamides, alkyl amido betaines, amphoacetals and/or protein fatty acid condensates, the latter preferably based on wheat proteins.
- the at least one non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of:
- the at least one anionic surfactants is selected from the group consisting of:
- the at least one cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of:
- the at least one amphoteric surfactant is selected from the group consisting of:
- the at least one surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant or emulsifier.
- non-ionic surfactants include those belonging to the classes of: addition products of 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and/or 0 to 5 mol of propylene oxide to linear fatty alcohols with 8 to 22 C atoms, fatty acids with 12 to 22 C atoms, alkylphenols with 8 to 15 C atoms in the alkyl group and alkylamines with 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical;
- alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides with 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the alk(en)yl radical and ethoxylated analogs thereof;
- partial esters of polyglycerol (average degree of autocondensation 2 to 8), polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 400 to 5000 g/mol), trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sugar alcohols (e.g. sorbitol), alkyl glycosides (e.g. methyl glycoside, butyl glycoside, lauryl glycoside) and polyglycosides (e.g. cellulose) with saturated and/or unsaturated, linear or branched fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and/or hydroxycarboxylic acids with 3 to 18 carbon atoms and adducts thereof with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide;
- polyglycerol average degree of autocondensation 2 to 8
- polyethylene glycol molethritol
- trimethylolpropane pentaerythritol
- sugar alcohols e.g. sorbitol
- alkyl glycosides e.g.
- polysiloxane-polyalkyl-polyether copolymers or corresponding derivatives block copolymers, e.g. PEG-30 dipolyhydroxy stearate;
- polymer emulsifiers e.g. of the Pemulen type (TR-1 ,TR-2) from Goodrich or
- polyalkylene glycols and glycerol carbonate polyalkylene glycols and glycerol carbonate.
- Alkoxylates The addition products of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide to fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols or castor oil constitute known, commercially obtainable products. These are homolog mixtures whose average degree of alkoxylation corresponds to the ratio of the amount of substance of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide to the substrates with which the addition reaction is carried out. C12/18 fatty acid mono- and -diesters of addition products of ethylene oxide to glycerol are known as refatting agents for cosmetic preparations.
- Alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides Alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycosides and the production and use thereof are known from the prior art. In particular, they are produced by reacting glucose or oligosaccharides with primary alcohols with 8 to 18 carbon atoms. With respect to the glycoside radical, both monoglycosides in which a cyclic sugar radical is glycosidically bound to the fatty alcohol and oligomeric glycosides with a preferred degree of oligomerization of approximately 8 are suitable.
- the degree of oligomerization is a statistical mean value on which a homologous distribution that is common for such technical products is based.
- Partial glycerides Typical examples of suitable partial glycerides are hydroxystearic acid monoglyceride, hydroxystearic acid diglyceride, isostearic acid monoglyceride, isostearic acid diglyceride, oleic acid monoglyceride, oleic acid diglyceride, ricinoleic acid monoglyceride, ricinoleic acid diglyceride, linoleic acid monoglyceride, linoleic acid diglyceride, linolenic acid monoglyceride, linolenic acid diglyceride, erucic acid monoglyceride, erucic acid diglyceride, tartaric acid monoglyceride, tartaric acid diglyceride, citric acid monoglyceride, citric acid diglyceride, malic acid monoglyceride, malic acid diglyceride and technical mixtures thereof, which may also secondarily comprise small amounts of trigly
- Sorbitan esters include sorbitan mono isostearate, sorbitan sesquiisostearate, sorbitan diisostearate, sorbitan triisostearate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan dioleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan monoerucate, sorbitan sesquierucate, sorbitan dierucate, sorbitan trierucate, sorbitan monoricinoleate, sorbitan sesquiricinoleate, sorbitan diricinoleate, sorbitan triricinoleate, sorbitan monohydroxystearate, sorbitan sesquihydroxystearate, sorbitan dihydroxystearate, sorbitan trihydroxystearate, sorbitan monotartrate, sorbitan sesquitartrate, sorbitan ditartrate, sorbitan tritartrate, sorbitan monoc
- Polyglycerol esters are polyglyceryl- 2 dipolyhydroxystearate (Dehymuls® PGPH), polyglycerol-3-diisostearate (Lameform® TGI), polyglyceryl-4 isostearate (Isolan® Gl 34), polyglyceryl-3 oleate, diisostearoyl polyglyceryl-3 diisostearate (Isolan® PDI), polyglyceryl-3 methylglucose distearate (Tego Care® 450), polyglyceryl-3 beeswax (Cera Beilina®), polyglyceryl-4 caprate (polyglycerol caprate T2010/90), polyglyceryl-3 cetyl ether (Chimexane® NL), polyglyceryl-3 distearate (Cremophor® GS 32) and polyglyceryl polyricinoleate (Admul® WOL 1403), polyglyceryl- 2 dipolyhydroxystearate
- polyol esters examples include mono, di- and tri-esters of trimethylol propane or pentaerythritol, optionally reacted with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide, with lauric acid, coconut fatty acid, tallow fatty acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, behenic acid and the like.
- the above surfactants can be used either individually or in combinations of two, three, four or even more surfactants, preferably in a mixture of two or three surfactants. Due to the different structure and polarity of the hydrophobic active substances, such as for example the perfume substances of a perfume oil, a mixture of two, three, four or even more surfactants is advantageous in order to sufficiently emulsify the hydrophobic active substances and stabilise the macroemulsion.
- the surfactant is a surfactant composition of two, three, four or even more surfactant components. The selection of such a surfactant system depends on the structure and polarity of the hydrophobic active substance to be emulsified and to the remaining components of the oily phase of the macroemulsion.
- a surfactant composition which is a combination of an ionic surfactant, i.e. either an anionic or cationic surfactant, and a non-ionic surfactant, i.e. a combination of surfactants with different HLB values, is used for the preparation and stabilisation of the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention.
- a surfactant having an HLB value of 19 can be combined with a surfactant having an HLB value of 2.
- the ionic surfactant provides the surface of the droplets with a charge. The resulting electrostatic charge prevents the droplets from coalescence.
- the non-ionic surfactant however prevents diffusion on the interface.
- the ratio of the ionic surfactant to the non-ionic surfactant, and, thus, the resulting HLB value, is adjusted to the final macroemulsion system.
- the macroemulsion of the present invention can best be stabilised by a surfactant composition which exhibits an appropriately adapted HLB number.
- the macroemulsion according to the present invention comprises a surfactant composition having a final or mean HLB number between 10 and 14, wherein a final or mean HLB number between 11 and 13 stabilises the macroemulsion system best.
- the concentration of surfactant in the macroemulsion is an important characteristic as compared to conventional microemulsions or solubilised oil solutions.
- an oil-in-water microemulsion according to the prior art requires about 6 to 8 % by weight of surfactant, based on the total weight of the emulsion, in order to obtain a dispersed domain diameter ranging from about 1 to 100 nm, usually 10 to 50 nm.
- the macroemulsion of the present invention therefore comprises from 0.4 to 25 % by weight of surfactant or emulsifying agent, preferably from 1 to 20 % by weight, more preferably 4 to 15 % by weight and most preferably from 8 to 12 % by weight, based on the total weight of the oily or dispersed phase or from 0.004 to 18 % by weight of surfactant or emulsifying agent, preferably from 0.01 to 10 % by weight, more preferably from 0.08 to 3 % by weight, particularly preferred from 0.2 to 1.2 % by weight, and most preferred from 0.3 to 0.9 % by weight, based on the total weight of the macroemulsion.
- the stability of the macroemulsion can be retained at these surfactant concentrations.
- the macroemulsion of the present invention is broken up when it is diluted with water, for example in a laundry or cleaning process, and the hydrophobic active substance, in particular the perfume or aroma substance, is deposited on the subject or object, i.e. on fabrics, rather than in the washing or rinsing water.
- a macroemulsion with an average oil droplet size of more than 1 pm, preferably from 2 to 60 pm, can be obtained.
- a macroemulsion with an average oil droplet size from 4 to 45 pm is particularly preferred, and a macroemulsion with an average oil droplet size from 10 to 30 pm is even more preferred.
- a macroemulsion with an average oil droplet size of ⁇ 30 still has a good shelf life stability, while the perfume oil transfer to the clothes increases with the size of the droplets. Therefore, a macroemulsion with an oil droplet size from 10 to 30 pm or even higher is characterised by a good shelf life as well as a favourable transfer of the hydrophobic active substance.
- the droplet size decreases with rising the concentration of the hydrophobic active substance, for example perfume substance or aroma substance, even when the surfactant concentration is increased accordingly by the same ratio (see Figure 24).
- the ratio of surfactant or emulsifying agent to hydrophobic active substance has to be adjusted accordingly in order to obtain appropriate droplet size in order to ensure a quantitative transfer and deposition of perfume oil or aroma to/on the laundry in the washing process.
- the ratio between surfactant or emulsifying agent to the hydrophobic active substance is from 0.4 : 99.6 to 25 : 75, preferably from 1 : 99 to 20 to 80, more preferably from 4 : 96 to 15 : 85, and most preferred from 8 : 92 to 12 : 88.
- the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention additionally comprises at least one stabiliser. Due to the low surfactant concentration, the stabiliser is an essential component, since it stabilises the macroemulsion and prevents it from degrading into phase separation (creaming, sedimentation), Ostwald ripening, aggregation processes (flocculation, coagulation, coalescence) or phase inversion.
- the stabiliser Due to the low surfactant concentration, the stabiliser is an essential component, since it stabilises the macroemulsion and prevents it from degrading into phase separation (creaming, sedimentation), Ostwald ripening, aggregation processes (flocculation, coagulation, coalescence) or phase inversion.
- the stabiliser used in accordance with the present invention serves as a thickening agent or thickener and imbues the macroemulsion with a favourable rheological profile.
- a thickening agent or thickener is a substance which can increase the viscosity of a liquid without substantially changing its other properties.
- the stability of a macroemulsion depends directly on its viscosity. The higher the viscosity, the greater the stability of the macroemulsion.
- the migration velocity of the oil droplets in the macroemulsion is reduced and, thus, all emulsion breaking processes are decelerated.
- the macroemulsion of the present invention is thus kinetically stabilised.
- the thickener concentration of the macroemulsion is reduced.
- the migration velocity of the oil droplets increases, the kinetic stability of the macroemulsion lapses suddenly and the droplets begin to coagulate and are deposited on the subject or object, since the droplets cannot longer be kept apart to distances.
- the thickener on the one hand kinetically stabilises the macroemulsion on emulsion formation and storage and on the other hand destabilises the macroemulsion upon application, for example when the macroemulsion is diluted with water and the concentration of the thickener decreases.
- thixotropic thickeners are best at stabilising the macroemulsion while allowing themselves to be rinsed at a certain shear force.
- shear thinning is the non-Newtonian behaviour of fluids whose viscosity decreases under shear strain.
- the macroemulsions therefore comprise at least one thixotropic thickener as the stabiliser, selected from the group consisting of polyacrylate or polymethacrylate thickener, xanthan gum, gellan gum, guar gum, alginic acid, alginate, agar-agar, carrageenan, welan gum, locust bean gum, tragacanth, gum arabic, pectins, polyoses, starch, dextrin, gelatine, casein.
- thixotropic thickener selected from the group consisting of polyacrylate or polymethacrylate thickener, xanthan gum, gellan gum, guar gum, alginic acid, alginate, agar-agar, carrageenan, welan gum, locust bean gum, tragacanth, gum arabic, pectins, polyoses, starch, dextrin, gelatine, casein.
- modified natural substances such as modified starches and modified celluloses, here one can mention for example carboxymethylcellulose and other cellulose ethers, hydroxyethyl- and -propyl cellulose and locust bean gum ethers, can also be used as thickeners.
- polyacrylic and polymethacrylic thickeners include the high molecular weight homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with a polyalkenyl polyether, in particular an allyl ether of saccharose, pentaerythritol or propylene (INCI name according to the “International Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients” of “The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA)”: Carbomer), which are also referred to as carboxyvinyl polymers.
- polyacrylic acids include the products available from 3V Sigma under the name Polygel®, e.g. Polygel DA, and from B. F. Goodrich under the name Carbopol®, e.g. Carbopol 940 (molecular weight approx.
- acrylic acid copolymers (i) copolymers of two or more monomers from the group of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and their simple esters, preferably formed with C1 -4 alkanols (INCI: Acrylates Copolymer), including for example the copolymers of methacrylic acid, butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate (CAS name according to Chemical Abstracts Service: 25035-69-2) or of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate (CAS 25852-37-3) and which for example are available from Rohm and Haas under the brand names Aculyn® and Acusol® and from Degussa (Goldschmidt) under the name Tego® Polymer, e.g.
- the anionic non-associative polymers Aculyn 22, Aculyn 28, Aculyn 33 crosslinked
- Acusol 810, Acusol 820, Acusol 823 and Acusol 830 (CAS 25852-37-3);
- crosslinked high molecular weight acrylic acid co-polymers including for example the copolymers, crosslinked with an allyl ether of saccharose or pentaerythritol, of C10-30 alkyl acrylates with one or more monomers from the group of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and their simple esters, preferably formed with C1 -4 alkanols (INCI: Acrylates/C 10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer), which are obtainable for example from B.
- Carbopol® e.g. the hydrophobized Carbopol ETD 2623, Carbopol 1382 (INCI: Acrylates/C 10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer) and Carbopol Aqua 30 (formerly Carbopol EX 473).
- a further polymeric thicker that is preferably to be used is xanthan gum, a microbial anionic heteropolysaccharide that is produced by Xanthomonas campestris and several other species under aerobic conditions and has a molecular weight of 2 to 15 million g/mol.
- Xanthan is composed of a chain of b-1 ,4-bound glucose (cellulose) with side chains.
- the structure of the subgroups is composed of glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid, acetate and pyruvate, wherein the number of pyruvate groups determines the viscosity of the xanthan gum.
- a fatty alcohol is also suitable as a thickener.
- Fatty alcohols can be branched or unbranched and can be of native or petrochemical origin.
- Preferred fatty alcohols have a C chain length of 10 to 20, and preferably 12 to 18 C atoms.
- mixtures of different C chain lengths such as tallow fatty alcohol or coconut fatty alcohol are used. Examples are Lorol® special (C12-14 ROH) or Lord® technical (C12-18 ROH) (both from Cognis).
- Preferred liquid detergents and cleaning agents comprise 0.01 to 3 % by weight and preferably 0.1 to 1 wt % of thickener based on the total amount of agent. In this case, the amount of thickener used depends on the type of thickener and the desired degree of thickening.
- the stabiliser in the oil-in-water macroemulsion also allows the successful stable suspension of microcapsules comprising a hydrophobic or lipophilic active substance, as is the case in the laundry or cleaning sector. Due to the higher Newtonian viscosity the microcapsules remain dispersed in the macroemulsion formulation and would not sediment as compared to microemulsions according to the prior art.
- the oil-in-water macroemulsion advantageously comprises up to 1 % by weight of stabiliser, i.e. thickener, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.9 % by weight and more preferably in the range of 0.4 to 0.6 % by weight, based on the total amount of the macroemulsion.
- stabiliser i.e. thickener
- the concentration of the stabiliser is adapted in such a way that the viscosity of the macroemulsion as a whole is no higher than 1000 mPa-s at a temperature in the range of 20 to 25 °C.
- the oil-in-water macroemulsion of the present invention has a viscosity in the range of 700 to 1000 mPa-s, more preferably a viscosity in the range of 800 to 900 mPa-s, at a temperature in the range of 20 to 25 °C.
- the viscosity can be measured by the usual standard methods using a Brookfield viscosimeter RV/RS/MARS available from Thermo Electron (Karlsruhe) GmbH.
- the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention can also optionally comprise additives and/or adjuvants.
- the additives and/or adjuvants are selected from the group consisting of colorants, preservatives, deposition aids, etc., without being limited to such components.
- the deposition aid is used to aid in the deposition of microcapsules on surfaces such as fabric, hair or skin. Examples of deposition aids include anionically, cationically, non-ionically or amphoterically water-soluble polymers.
- the macroemulsion can comprise up to 10 % by weight, preferably less than 5 % by weight, even more preferably up to 1 % by weight and most preferably up to 0.1 % by weight of the additives and/or adjuvants, based on the total weight of the macroemulsion composition.
- the oil-in-water macroemulsion composition according to the present invention advantageously comprises or consists of the following components:
- 0.1 to 75 % by weight preferably 1 to 50 % by weight, more preferably 2 to 20 % by weight, particular preferred 3 to 10 % by weight, most preferably 4 to 7 % by weight, of the oily phase comprising at least one hydrophobic active substance, in particular a perfume or aroma substance;
- 0.004 to 18 % by weight preferably 0.01 to 10 % by weight, more preferably 0.8 to 3 % by weight, particularly preferred 0.2 to 1.2 % by weight, most preferably 0.3 to 0.9 % by weight of surfactant;
- up to 1 % by weight preferably 0.1 to 0.9 % by weight of stabiliser; and optionally up to 1 % by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.9 % by weight of additives and/or adjuvants; based on the total weight of the macroemulsion.
- the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention is characterised by average droplet sizes of more than 1 pm, preferably from 2 to 60 pm, more preferably from 4 to 45 pm and most preferred from 10 to 30 pm, and by a reduction in the concentration of surfactant.
- a significant enhancement of hydrophobic active substance transfer, in particular a significant enhancement of perfume or aroma substance transfer, as compared to microemulsions according to the prior art was confirmed.
- the oil-in- water macroemulsion (scent lotion) according to the present invention was perceived as more intense than the emulsion (scent rinse) according to the prior art (see Figures 8 and 9).
- These results correlate with an analytical quantification which confirms an improved quantitative transfer and deposition of perfume oil to/on clothes for an oil-in-water macroemulsion (scent lotion) as compared to an emulsion (scent rinse) according to the prior art (see Figures 10 and 11 ).
- the absolute amount of adhering perfume substances correlates with the droplet size of the emulsion.
- the present invention pertains to a method for preparing an oil-in-water macroemulsion.
- the method comprises the steps of:
- (2-ii) providing an oily phase by mixing and dissolving at least one hydrophobic active substance and/or optionally at least one hydrophobic active substance in a microcapsule form in an oily solution;
- (2-iii) dispersing the oily phase in the aqueous phase by stirring, shaking, pressing or otherwise inducing sheer forces, to obtain a macroemulsion; wherein the amount of the surfactant is from 0.4 to 25 % by weight, based on the total weight of the oily phase.
- the oil-in-water macroemulsion can be produced by emulsifying methods using typical techniques which are well known in the prior art in the field of emulsions.
- the at least one surfactant can either mixed and dissolved in the aqueous phase or alternatively in the oily phase.
- the at least one surfactant is mixed and dissolved in the oily phase.
- the oily phase is dispersed in the aqueous phase by stirring, shaking, pressing or otherwise inducing sheer forces.
- the droplet size of monodisperse emulsions is usually adapted using a colloid mill, ball mill, homogeniser valve or an Ultra-Turrax ® .
- only simple dispersing devices such as an agitator, blade stirrer and/or speed mixer are used. These dispersing devices have the advantage that they can be easily scaled up.
- the active transfer and deposition of the hydrophobic active substance depends on the droplet size.
- the shear forces of the dispersing method affect the droplet size of the emulsion.
- the emulsion is thus formed with a blade stirrer at a stirring or shaking rate of 500 to 2000 rpm. Most preferably, the emulsion is formed at a stirring or shaking rate of 700 to 1000 rpm. Alternatively, the emulsion is formed with a Ystral stirrer at minimum stirring rate, preferably at a stirring rate of less than 300 rpm.
- This emulsification treatment adapts the droplet size of the emulsified particles to a diameter of more than 10 pm, as shown in Figure 1 .
- the present invention also pertains to a method for providing, transferring and depositing a hydrophobic active substance on the surface of a subject or object.
- the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention which is in particular a perfume or aroma macroemulsion, is provided and brought in contact with the surface of a subject or object, thereby transferring and depositing the hydrophobic active substance.
- a hydrophobic active substance of the macroemulsion can be transferred and deposited on skin, hair, beard, fur or fabrics, clothes, surfaces, natural fibres such as cotton, Akon, kapok, flax, hemp, jute, sunn, kenaf, ramie, sisal, manila hemp, alfa grass, coir, wool, fur, silk, synthetic fibres such as modified cellulose, plant protein fibres, paper fibres, rubber, alginate, casein, polyester, polyamide, polyacryl nitrile, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, elastane, wood, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and pet foods, in order to provide a sensory effect or other benefits.
- natural fibres such as cotton, Akon, kapok, flax, hemp, jute, sunn, kenaf, ramie, sisal, manila hemp, alfa grass, coir, wool, fur, silk
- synthetic fibres such as modified cellulose, plant
- the method for providing, transferring and depositing a hydrophobic active substance is applied in a washing or rinsing process, in particular a laundry process.
- the hydrophobic active substance is then preferably a perfume or aroma substance or a perfume oil or aroma or other substance for laundry treatment such as UV-active substances, optical brighteners, drape and form control agents, smoothness agents, static control agents, wrinkle control agents, colour maintenance agents, colour restoring/rejuvenating agents, anti-fading agents, etc.
- the present invention also pertains to the use of the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention in a perfume, flavouring, active skin-product ingredients, active pharmaceutical ingredients, dyes, UV-active substances, optical brighteners, bodying agents, drape and form control agents, smoothness agents, static control agents, wrinkle control agents, sanitising agents, disinfecting agents, germ control agents, mould control agents, mildew control agents, antiviral agents, antimicrobials, drying agents, stain resistance agents, soil release agents, malodour control agents, fabric freshening agents, dye fixatives, colour maintenance agents, colour restoring/rejuvenating agents, anti-fading agents, anti-abrasion agents, wear resistance agents, fabric integrity agents, anti-wear agents, rinsing aids, UV protection agents, sun fade inhibitors, insect repellents, anti-allergenic agents, flame retardants, water-proofing agents, fabric softening agents, shrinkage resistance agents, stretch resistance agents and mixtures thereof.
- the present invention also pertains to the use of the oil-in-water macroemulsion according to the present invention for preparing consumer products.
- the oil-in-water macroemulsions of the present invention are suitable for use, without limitation, in the following applications: foods, cosmetics, personal care products, in particular skin cleaning products, shampoos, rinse-off conditioners, deodorants, antiperspirants, body lotions, homecare products, in particular liquid detergents, all-purpose cleaners, laundry and cleaning agents, fabric softeners, scent boosters, pharmaceuticals and pet foods.
- the oil-in-water macroemulsion is used for preparing cosmetics, personal care products, homecare products, in particular liquid detergents, all-purpose cleaners, laundry and cleaning agents, fabric softeners, scent boosters, for conferring, improving or modifying the perfume or aroma properties of said products.
- the proportion of oil-in-water emulsion added to the above products varies in accordance with the nature of the product and/or the particular organoleptic or other effect which is to be achieved. Typically, 0.05 % to 2 % by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion of the invention can be added to the final composition.
- the present invention relates to consumer products which comprise or consist of the oil-in-water macroemulsion of the present invention, such as foods, cosmetics, personal care products, in particular skin cleaning products, shampoos, rinse-off conditioners, deodorants, antiperspirants, body lotions, homecare products, in particular liquid detergents, all-purpose cleaners, laundry and cleaning agents, fabric softeners, laundry scent boosters, pharmaceuticals and pet foods, which also form part of the present invention.
- consumer products which comprise or consist of the oil-in-water macroemulsion of the present invention, such as foods, cosmetics, personal care products, in particular skin cleaning products, shampoos, rinse-off conditioners, deodorants, antiperspirants, body lotions, homecare products, in particular liquid detergents, all-purpose cleaners, laundry and cleaning agents, fabric softeners, laundry scent boosters, pharmaceuticals and pet foods, which also form part of the present invention.
- Oil-in-water macroemulsions (hereinafter also referred to as “scent lotions”) in accordance with the present invention, with droplet sizes of 2 to 100 pm, were prepared by reducing the stirring speed (Figure 1 ), varying the surfactant ( Figures 2 to 4) and reducing the surfactant concentration ( Figures 5 to 7) and following the procedures described below in Example 1 to 3.
- the perfume oil delivery of the scent lotion and of a conventional scent rinse to pieces of cloth in a typical washing process was compared by two sensory panels ( Figures 8 and 9) and by analytical SDE/GCMS ( Figures 10 and 11 ).
- the conventional scent rinse is a conventional laundry perfume with a surfactant concentration of at least the concentration of the dispersed phase, giving a microemulsion (according to the prior art). Both investigation techniques confirmed a significant enhancement of perfume oil transfer in favour of the scent lotion. Remarkably, the absolute amount of adhering perfume oil appears to correlate with the droplet size of the emulsion ( Figure 11 ).
- an oil-in-water macroemulsion is essentially formed by dispersing the hydrophobic active substance(s) in an aqueous medium. Droplet sizes in the micrometre range are obtained using comparatively low surfactant concentrations (less than 17 % of the perfume oil). Since low surfactant concentrations trigger Ostwald ripening, the emulsion is stabilised by a thickener.
- the droplet size of the monodisperse emulsion is adapted using a simple dispersing device such as an agitator, blade stirrer and/or speed mixer. This dispersing device can be easily scaled up.
- Figure 1 shows the influence of the stirring speed on the droplet size of the oil-in-water emulsion.
- the surfactant was a solubilizer (1.0 %) consisting of 50 % PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil (90 %), 45 % Trideceth-9 and 5 % propylene glycol.
- the stirring speeds were 2000 rpm (solid curve) and 700 rpm (dotted curve).
- the droplet sizes were 2.78 pm (d(o.i) 0.98 pm, d(o.s) 2.25 pm, d(o.9) 4.19 pm) at 2000 rpm and 1 .10 pm and 10.13 pm (d(o.i) 1 .50 pm, d(o.s) 8.84 pm, d(o.9) 15.87 pm) at 700 rpm. No significant changes were observed when the droplet size measurements were repeated under comparable conditions 24 hours later. [0196] 2. Preparation methods
- Example 1 a beaker was supplied with water (90.2 g) in order to prepare 100 g of scent lotion. While stirring with an agitator (5 cm) at 500 rpm, xanthan gum (Keltrol ® RD, 700 mg) was carefully added and mixed in for 30 minutes at 1000 rpm. Parmetol ® N 20 (100 mg) and a surfactant (Tween 20, 1000 mg) were added to the mixture and stirred until a homogenous solution was obtained. The stirring speed was increased to 2000 rpm, and a perfume oil (HAPPY FEELING, 8.00 g) was dispersed in the solution over a period of 10 minutes.
- xanthan gum Keltrol ® RD, 700 mg
- Parmetol ® N 20 100 mg
- a surfactant Teween 20, 1000 mg
- Example 2 a solution of xanthan gum (Keltrol ® RD, 1000 mg) and Parmetol ® N 20 (100 mg) in water (90.80 g) was premixed over 30 minutes at 1000 rpm. The stirring rate was then reduced to 700 rpm, and a solution of a mixture of surfactants (50 % PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil (90 %), 45 % Trideceth-9 and 5 % propylene glycol, water, 100 mg) (hereinafter also referred to as“solubilizer”), in perfume oil (Marrakesh, 8.00 g) was dispersed in the mixture and stirred for another 15 minutes, until a homogenous emulsion was obtained.
- a mixture of surfactants 50 % PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil (90 %), 45 % Trideceth-9 and 5 % propylene glycol, water, 100 mg
- perfume oil hereinafter also referred to as“solubilizer”
- Example 3 a surfactant (Genaminox ® , 750 mg) was mixed into a blend of water (92.25 g), xanthan gum (Keltrol ® RD, 700 mg) and Parmetol ® N 20 (100 mg) at 3500 rpm for 15 seconds in a Speedmixer, until the solution was homogenous.
- a perfume oil (JOYABLE, 6.00 g) was added and dispersed in the viscous solution for five minutes at 3500 rpm. Solid particles (in this case, 200 mg of a capsule slurry) were added to the completed scent lotion and mixed in for one minute at 3500 rpm, to obtain a homogenous suspension.
- the thickener is an essential part of the scent lotion, as it stabilises the macroemulsion against Ostwald ripening (see Comparative Example 1 ).
- the stability of a scent lotion depends directly on its viscosity. If its viscosity is too high, or its solubility in water is too low, residual amounts will remain in the conditioner tray (see Comparative Example 2).
- Table 1 is a comparison of the stability of scent lotions prepared from different thickeners.
- a solution of the respective surfactant (1 g) in a perfume oil (Marrakesh, 6 g) was dispersed at 2000 rpm using a blade stirrer in an aqueous solution of each thickener at a concentration of 1.0 % (except for EsaflorTM, which was applied at a lower concentration of only 0.54 %) for 30 minutes. All the scent lotions were prepared on the same day, and their stability was evaluated after 10, 18, 25 and 49 days of storage at 50 °C.
- Figure 2 shows emulsions with different surfactants, wherein all the emulsions were prepared at 2000 rpm using a surfactant concentration of 1.0 %.
- the droplet sizes were as follows: solubilizer (grey curve) 2.78 pm (d(o.i) 0.98 pm, d(o.s) 2.25 pm, d(o.9) 4.19 pm); Genaminox ® (black curve) 1.92 pm (d(o.i) 1.10 pm, d(o.s) 1.84 pm, d(o.9) 2.90 pm); Tween 20 (dotted curve) 1.92 pm (d(o.i) 1.12 pm, d(o.s) 1.84 pm, d(o.9) 2.86 pm). No significant changes were observed when the droplet size measurements were repeated under comparable conditions 24 hours later.
- Figure 3 shows the influence of the concentration of Genaminox ® on the droplet size of the emulsion: 1.0 % Genaminox ® (dotted curve) 1.92 pm (d(o.i) 1.10 pm, d(o.5) 1.84 pm, d(o.9) 2.90 pm); 0.5 % Genaminox ® (solid curve) 1.22 pm and 4.52 pm (d(o.i) 0.92 pm, d(o.s) 2.83 pm, d(o.9) 6.11 pm). No significant changes were observed when the droplet size measurements were repeated under comparable conditions 24 hours later.
- An emulsion can best be stabilised by a combination of surfactants which exhibits an appropriately adapted HLB value.
- HLB value which would be most favourable for a surfactant in terms of stabilising the system of the hydrophobic phase and water
- the stability of several test emulsions was investigated.
- Figure 4 shows a compilation of the most favourable surfactant compositions and their corresponding ratios. The bars are centred at HLB 12.4, which has been established as the best HLB value for stabilising the system ( Figure 4).
- the surfactants investigated comprise Span 60 (non-ionic, HLB 4.7), Span 20 (non-ionic, HLB 8.6), Cetrimonium Chloride (cationic, HLB 10), Rewoquat (cationic, HLB 10), Trideceth-9 (non-ionic, HLB 13), Tween 60 (non-ionic, HLB 14.9), Tween 20 (non-ionic, HLB 16.7), sodium lauryl sulphate (anionic, SLS, HLB 40).
- the concentration of surfactant in a scent lotion is its most important characteristic as compared to conventional solubilised oil solutions (see Comparative Example 4).
- One criterion defining a scent lotion is its low surfactant concentration, which significantly increases the droplet size of the emulsion ( Figures 5 to 7).
- the surfactant concentration is adjusted to such an amount necessary to formulate a stable emulsion.
- Figure 5 shows the influence of the concentration of Tween 20 on the droplet size of the emulsion: 1.0 % Tween 20 (grey curve) 1.92 pm (d(o.i) 1.12 pm, d(o.5) 1.84 pm, d(o.9) 2.86 pm); 0.5 % Tween 20 (dotted curve) 2.40 pm (d(o.i) 1.11 pm, d(o.5) 2.21 pm, d(o.9) 3.78 pm). No significant changes were observed when the droplet size measurements were repeated under comparable conditions 24 hours later.
- Figure 6 shows the influence of the concentration of surfactant on the droplet size of the emulsion; the stirring speed was 2000 rpm for all samples.
- the surfactant was a solubilizer consisting of 50 % PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil (90 %), 45 % Trideceth-9 and 5 % propylene glycol.
- Figure 7 shows the increase in droplet size under the influence of the concentration of surfactant ( Figure 3) and simultaneously the stirring speed ( Figure 1 ): 0.5 % of solubilizer, dispersed at l OOO rpm (grey curve), droplet size 1.13 pm and 10.65 pm (d(o.-i) 1.55 pm, d(o.5) 9.22 pm, d(o.9) 16.51 pm); 0.5 % of solubilizer, dispersed at 700 rpm (dot-dashed curve), droplet size 1.16 pm, 18.09 pm (d(o.i) 6.65 pm, d(o.5) 16.62 pm, d(o.9) 29.13 pm); 0.1 % of solubilizer, dispersed at 700 rpm (dotted curve), droplet size 1.07 pm, 32.32 pm (d(o.-i) 6.62 pm, d(o.5) 28.12 pm, d(o.9) 51.62 pm); 0.05 % of solubilizer, dispersed at
- terry towels consisting of a mixture of cotton and polyester.
- Each panellist received their own terry towels for evaluation.
- the terry towels were washed, within 2 kg of ballast laundry, together with 18 g of each scent booster (scent rinse and scent lotion) containing 6 % of the perfume oil GREEN LOVE.
- scent booster scent booster
- the ballast laundry and terry towels were placed in the washing machine together with the softener.
- a "rinsing/starching" programme for the softener samples was started. Afterwards, the terry towels were line-dried overnight at room temperature.
- the scent lotion was perceived to be more intense than the scent rinse (perfume solution). Remarkably, mechanical stress or heat seemed to increase the release of volatiles from the clothes treated with the emulsion.
- Figure 10 shows the quantitative determination of perfume oil (FIAPPY FEELING) adsorption on the clothes via SDE and GC of the scent lotion according to the present invention and a conventional scent rinse. A statistical evaluation classified the data as“very significant”.
- Figure 11 shows the total amount of perfume oil adhering to a piece of cloth after a washing procedure using a Scent Lotion containing 8 % perfume oil.
- the pieces of cloth under investigation were extracted by SDE and quantified by GC/MS. Droplet sizes are assigned in Figure 11. The droplet size of the scent rinse was determined using a Zetasizer.
- preservatives are rarely tolerated by a costumer and never healthy.
- preservatives can advantageously be substituted by a combination of antioxidants and solubilizers.
- the test formulation was prepared from IPM/VOT, instead of fragrance.
- the sheer force (stirring speed) is the main influence on the droplet size.
- the droplet size range, induced by the sheer force depends on the character of the emulsifier system. Therefore, five different emulsifier systems (non ionic, cationic, anionic) have been evaluated.
- Figure 13 shows the droplet size distribution of the Scent Lotion formulation prepared on a 50 g scale with Vivapur MCG 811 F (1.00 %), perfume oil (Happy Feeling, 5.00 %), non-ionic solubilizer (PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, Trideceth 9 and DPG, 0.50 %) and preservative (Parmetol N20, 0.1 %) in the Speedmixer. The sheer stress was varied (1000 to 3500 rpm). Droplet sizes were measured via Mastersizer (Table 5).
- Figure 17 shows the droplet size distribution of the Scent Lotion formulation, prepared on a 50 g scale with Vivapur MCG 811 F (1.00 %), perfume oil (Happy Feeling, 5.00 %), cationic surfactant mixture (25 % CetrimoniumCI + 56 % Tween60 + 19 % Span20, 0.50 %) and preservative (Parmetol N20, 0.1 %) in the Speedmixer. The sheer stress was varied (1000 to 3500 rpm). Droplet sizes were measured via Mastersizer (Table 9).
- Figure 18 represents an assembly of Scent Lotion formulations of different surfactant compositions with similar droplet sizes, adjusted by the applied sheer stress. All Scent Lotion formulations were prepared on a 50 g scale with Vivapur MCG 811 F (microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose gum, 1.00 %), perfume oil (Happy Feeling, 5.00 %), surfactant mixture (0.50 %) and preservative (Parmetol N20, 0.1 %) in the Speedmixer (Table 10).
- Figure 19 shows the quantification of perfume oil transfer to fabric.
- SL 4 - cationic Surfactant was 25% RewoquatWE18 (TEA-Esterquat-methosulfat) + 56% Tween60 + 19% Span20 - 3500 rpm prepared in a SpeedMixer.
- SL 5 - cationic Surfactant was 25% Cetrimoniumchlorid + 56% Tween60 + 19% Span20 - 3500 rpm prepared in a SpeedMixer.
- the negative z potential of the macroemulsions made from cationic surfactant mixtures at pH 7.0 indicates an interaction between the positively charged droplets and the anionic thickener carboxymethyl cellulose. Considering the thickener layer on the surface of the droplets, their size can be estimated a little smaller than measured via mastersizer.
- Figure 20 represents samples of the scent lotions prepared from different surfactant compositions at different stirring speeds have been stressed at 3000 rpm and 40 °C over 1.75 h in a Lumisizer. Their instability index was determined by evaluation of the creaming, as indicated by time-dependent transmission. From left to right: SL1 , SL2, SL3, SL4, SL5, shear stress dependent instability index.
- the instability factors/instability indices were determined on a Lumisizer (6102-41 ) in a 2mm cuvette (LUM 2 mm, PA, Rectangular Synthetic Cell 110-134xx, 2 x 8 x 22 mm). All samples were measured simultaneously over 1.75 h at 40 °C and 3000 rpm. Detection was at 865 nm (light factor 0.25-6.00). All curves were normalized, dynamically baseline corrected and moving averaged.
- Table 12 Compilation of instability indices (measured via Lumisizer) and the corresponding droplet sizes (measured by Mastersizer).
- Figure 21 is a visualization of the correlation between droplet size and instability index.
- the surfactant compositions are:
- EcoE mix 25% EcoEmulsifier [1 ] + 58% Tween60 + 17% Span20, anionic.
- Dracorinmix 25% DracorinGOC [2] + 44% Tween60 + 31 % Span20, anionic.
- Solubilizer PEG-40 hydrogenated Castor oil, Trideceth-9, Propyleneglycol, Water, non-ionic.
- Rewoquatmix 25% RewoquatWE18 (TEA-Esterquat-methosulfat) + 56% Tween60 + 19% Span20, cationic.
- Cetrimoniumchloridmix 25% Cetrimoniumchlorid+ 56% Tween60 + 19% Span20, cationic.
- the development of G’ and G” is an indicator for the temperature-stability of a sample.
- the development of G” is comparatively constant, while G’ increases strongly at elevated temperature.
- the sharp increasing of G’ at T > 40 °C indicates a sensitivity of all investigated macroemulsions against elevated temperatures.
- the sample stabilized with Rewoquat appears to be most stable, as already indicated by the stability index via Lumisizer, while the non-ionic solubilizer yields the most temperature-sensitive samples.
- the correlation between temperature dependence of G’ and z-potential indicates, that the electronic stabilization of the droplets is of some importance.
- Preparation of a Scent Lotion concentrate has been evaluated in order to reduce the water content and therefore the dosage of the formulation in the laundry machine.
- a concentrate enables the reduction of packaging material and makes the product more sustainable.
- Figure 24 shows the relation between droplet size and perfume oil concentration.
- the Scent Lotion concentrate samples were prepared with Vivapur MCG 811 F (1.00 %), SymDiol® 68 (0.4 %), SymSafe® H (0.4 %) and different concentrations of perfume oil“Happy Feeling” (HF) and different concentrations of solubilizer at 2000 rpm in the Speedmixer.
- the ratio between solubilizer and perfume oil were generally 1 : 10, with exception of the purple curve (1 : 23).
- the droplet size decreases with rising concentration of the organic phase.
- the ratio solubilizer : perfume oil thus has to be adjusted in a concentrate accordingly in order to obtain appropriate droplet sizes.
- the solubilizer concentration is from 1 to 20 % by weight, more preferably 4 to 15 % by weight and most preferably from 8 to 12 % by weight, based on the total weight of the oily or dispersed phase.
- Fragrance compounds with low water solubility and high log P value appear to adhere better to the clothes. Fragrances with a water solubility ⁇ 100 mg/I and a log P > 3.0 seem to be transferred best to the laundry and are most recommendable for application in the scent lotion.
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