EP3959795A1

EP3959795A1 - System for designing a low-voltage distribution network at a secondary unit substation

Info

Publication number: EP3959795A1
Application number: EP20719615.5A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Martin PAULICK; Carsten Eilers
Original assignee: Wago Verwaltungs GmbH
Current assignee: Wago Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority date: 2019-04-26
Filing date: 2020-04-16
Publication date: 2022-03-02
Also published as: US20220052552A1; CN113767547A; DE202019102368U1; WO2020216667A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a system, comprising a controller (100), comprising a 3-phase measurement sensor (201, 202, 203, 204), the 3-phase measurement sensor (201, 202, 203, 204) being connected to a low-voltage feeder (11, 12, 13, 14) of a secondary unit substation, at least for current measurement, and a distribution network (20) with generators (E1) and/or consumers (V1, V2) being connected to the low-voltage feeder (11, 12, 13, 14). The controller (100) and the 3-phase measurement sensor (201, 202, 203, 204) are arranged in the secondary unit substation (10). The controller (100) has a data interface (120) for detecting electrical measurement values (M) of the connected 3-phase measurement sensor (201, 202, 203, 204) with associated timestamp (ts). The controller (100) has a communications interface (110) for connection to a higher-level unit (910, 920, 930) outside the secondary unit substation (10). The controller (100) has, in a local memory (130), a first memory area (131) for storing the measurement values (M) with associated timestamp (ts).

Description

System for designing a low-voltage distribution network at a local network station

Low-voltage networks are part of the electricity network for distributing electrical energy, for example to an electrical end user (low-voltage devices) and are managed by many regional distribution network operators. In order to avoid power losses, low-voltage networks are limited in terms of their spatial extension to a range of a few 100 m to a few kilometers. They are therefore regionally about Local network stations, which are also referred to as transformer stations, are fed from a higher-level medium-voltage network. In contrast to the other voltage levels, low-voltage networks in large areas of Europe are not three-wire, but four-wire systems to enable the connection of single-phase consumers.

They are usually operated with a mains voltage of 230V / 400 V (single-phase / three-phase) to 1000 V.

From EP 2 592 709 A1 a method for controlling the stability of a

Low voltage network known in which a low voltage network of a

Local network transformer is fed with electricity. The low-voltage network has a main power line, from the main power line via a

Network junction point electrical current is conducted into at least one branch power line, to which at least one power consumer (consumer) and / or a power generator (feeder) are / is connected. The branch power line with the consumer and / or feeder connected to it forms a self-sufficient network district. At the

At least one sensor at which the branch power line branches off from the main power line is arranged at the network branch point. The sensor measures the current flow in the branch power line and / or the voltage on the branch power line.

WO 2011/126732 A1 discloses a system and a method for calculating load models and associated tunable parameters that can be used to describe the behavior of consumers that are connected to an electrical power distribution system. The load models can be used to predict fluctuations in demand caused by changes in the supply voltage and can be used to determine an optimized control strategy based on the load dynamics.

Furthermore, in EP 3 107 174 A1, a method for operating a

Power supply network with one of electrical loads and / or sources

having sub-network described, to which a decentralized control device is assigned, by means of which control signals are generated using state values that indicate a current electrical operating state of the sub-network, which are used to control components of the sub-network. The decentralized Control device comprises a state estimation device, by means of which the state values are estimated using input signals supplied by the state estimation device. The status values are checked by means of an evaluation device to determine whether they indicate an undesired electrical operating state of the sub-network of the power supply network and whether a control signal is generated if the status values indicate an undesired electrical operating state. In order to be able to carry out the state estimation in a comparatively simple manner and without the need for complex measurement technology to be provided in the subnetwork, it is proposed that the state estimation device be supplied with input signals which indicate an ambient state in the area of the subnetwork and / or an electrical state of the subnetwork at at least one measuring point assigned to the subnetwork, and the state estimation device comprises an artificial neural network which is trained in such a way that the state values are determined using the input signals.

From the publication WO 2012/037989 A1 a method for computer-aided

Energy distribution in a decentralized energy network known, in which during operation of the energy network by means of a mathematical optimization process, an improved regulation of active powers that are used in various points of the energy network

Provided, is proposed. Above all, the energy consumption or the energy feed of decentralized energy consumers or energy producers is controlled on the basis of an evaluation of measured values.

Furthermore, from the publication WO 2010/0357516 A1 a method for determining electrical load flows in an electrical energy supply network is known, with load profiles of consumers being dynamic based on measured values during operation of the

Energy supply network be adapted.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a system that improves the design of a low-voltage distribution network at a local network station as much as possible.

The object is achieved by a system with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments are the subject of the dependent claims. Accordingly, a system is provided which has a controller and a number of 3-phase measurement sensors. A 3-phase measuring sensor is connected to a low-voltage outlet of a local network station at least for current measurement. To the

A distribution network with producers and / or consumers is connected to the low-voltage output.

The controller and the 3-phase measuring sensor are arranged in the local network station.

The controller has a data interface for recording electrical measured values from the connected 3-phase measuring sensor with the associated time stamp.

The controller has a communication interface for connection to a higher-level unit outside the local network station.

The controller allocates a first memory area in a local memory

Storage of the measured values with the associated time stamp.

The controller has a second memory area in the local memory for storing network topological data. The network topological data have both line profiles of the distribution network and consumer profiles of the consumers and / or producer profiles of the producers of the distribution network.

The controller has a computing unit which is set up to carry out the steps:

Receiving a request via the communication interface to issue a

Energy flow in the distribution network,

Selection of a period for measured values with a time stamp within the period,

Calculation of values of the energy flow based on the network topological data and the measured values of the period, and

Providing a calculation result in a server of the controller for

Transmission via the communication interface.

A 3-phase measuring sensor is to be understood as at least one 3-phase measuring sensor, so that one, two or more 3-phase sensors can be used with the data interface of the controller. Phase measuring sensors can be connected. The 3-phase measuring sensor is advantageously designed for separate current measurements for the conductors Li, L2, L ₃ and N. The 3-phase measuring sensor is, for example, the 3-phase power measuring module 750-495 with associated Rogowski coils from the applicant, through which a large number of electrical quantities can be measured, such as current, voltage, active power,

Reactive power, phase, frequency etc .. Alternatively, other 3-phase measuring sensors can also be used.

For example, the PFC200 offered by the applicant can be used as a controller. Alternatively, other controllers can also be used. A low-voltage outlet is an indefinite number, i.e. at least one

Understand low-voltage output. A local network station typically has one, two or more low-voltage outlets. A low-voltage outlet is typically part of a low-voltage network, which is also referred to as a distribution network. In addition to the local network station, the distribution network can have a consumer, such as a motor vehicle charging station, a house connection and / or a generator such as a block-type thermal power station or a photovoltaic system. A producer can also be referred to as a feeder. For example, a distribution network has a plurality of consumers and producers. With the arrangement of the controller and 3-phase measuring sensor locally in the local network station, data transmission of the measured values for evaluating the measured values to a higher-level unit outside the local network station is not necessary. For the arrangement, the controller and 3-phase measuring sensor are arranged in a building or housing of the local network station. The controller has two different interfaces. The controller has at least the data interface and the communication interface. In addition, the controller can have further interfaces, such as a service interface for maintenance purposes or configuration purposes. The data interface provides the connection for one or more 3-phase measuring sensors. The Communication interface is, for example, a network interface for

Data transfer using protocols to or from the higher-level unit.

For example, the communication interface is designed for sending and receiving using an Ethernet-based protocol.

The higher-level unit is not arranged in the local network station, but

for example connected via LAN cable. The higher-level unit can be, for example, a specific computer or a cloud application on a locally remote server. Alternatively, the communication interface is a USB interface to which a computer can be connected outside the local network station.

The local memory of the controller can be read and written to by the arithmetic unit without a connection being made via the communication interface. The local memory is therefore connected directly to the processing unit. Correspondingly, it is possible for each measured value of the 3-phase measuring sensor to be entered directly into the first

Memory area is written, for example by means of a DMA controller contained in the controller (DMA - Direct Memory Access).

The local storage of the network topological data in the second memory area has data from the distribution network connected to the local network station. Accordingly, the amount of data is limited to the connected distribution network. Also is a

Result data volume limited to the connected distribution network. It is therefore not necessary to transfer larger amounts of data via the communication interface. For example, necessary changes to the network topological data are transmitted via the communication interface and also stored in the second memory area of the local memory.

Due to the arrangement of the controller in the local network station, the calculation of the energy flow by the processing unit of the controller can also take place locally in the local network station. For this purpose, the calculation algorithm is advantageously optimized in such a way that it manages with the relatively small computing power of the computing unit of the controller. It is not necessary to provide additional external computing power, for example in the cloud. Accordingly, the calculation in the controller in the local network station can be carried out independently. The steps carried out in the controller, including receiving, selecting, calculating and providing, do not necessarily have to be carried out in the specified order. For example, it is sufficient that a request is received only once and then selection and calculation take place cyclically. Alternatively, the selection and the calculation can be event-driven, for example every time a request is received. The calculation result can be made available continuously, for example. Alternatively, it is possible that the calculation result is provided based on the request.

The server implemented in the controller for providing the calculation result is, for example, a web server that sends the calculation result to clients such as

Web browser transmits. The web server is, for example, web server software in the controller.

According to an advantageous development, the controller's server is set up to provide a number of services that can be controlled via the communication interface. At least one service is provided. Services are, for example, predetermined views of the measured values or calculation results, for example cartographic views or limit value violations or drag pointers or the like. Further services are calculation configurations, for example simulation of changes in the distribution network, averaging over longer periods of time, etc.

According to an advantageous development, the server of the controller is set up to provide the calculation results using graphic objects. Graphic objects can advantageously have unchangeable graphic elements and / or temporally variable graphic elements and / or numbers and / or text. For example, a symbol and a view of a virtual measuring device are stored as graphic objects for a certain type of consumer, so that a graphic object can be automatically generated from the storage for all consumers of this type.

According to an advantageous development, the graphic objects are assigned to one another and to one of the low-voltage outlets based on the network topological data. For example, the assignment takes place through the local positioning within a map or a two- or three-dimensional structure. According to an advantageous development, at least one of the graphic objects is assigned to a calculation result. The assignment can, for example, by a

Numerical value and / or by size of a graphic element and / or by color of a graphic element.

According to an advantageous development, the graphic objects are available via the

Communication interface can be transferred. The graphic objects can preferably be transferred to the higher-level unit. For example, it is possible to transfer the objects with the associated structure. Alternatively, the structure can also be from a

higher-level program so that the objects are integrated into this program.

According to an advantageous development, the server of the controller is set up to assign an object a time profile of calculated electrical values. The time profile of the calculated electrical values and / or a generated graphic representation of the time profile of the calculated electrical values can be transmitted via the communication interface. For example, the energy flow over a cable can be calculated for a period of time. Average values of the calculated energy flow through the cable, for example for 15 minutes, are entered as a value in a diagram and the diagram as a graphic object assigned to the cable is transmitted via the communication interface. Similarly, charts for

Consumers or feeders are automatically created on the basis of the calculation results and transmitted via the communication interface.

According to an advantageous development, the server of the controller is set up to receive selection control data via the communication interface. The server is advantageously set up to select a number of the graphic objects based on the selection control data. For example, the selection control data contain a number of cables in an area of the distribution network that the user has previously selected, for example through an input. Based on the selection control data, the

Transmission of the calculation results of the energy flow for the cables, for example in the form of tables or diagrams, via the communication interface. In addition, other calculation results, such as the energy flow associated with - electricity, Voltage, phase, active power, etc. - or exceeding of threshold values or the like can be transmitted via the communication interface as numbers and / or text and / or graphic element of the graphic objects.

According to an advantageous development, the server of the controller is set up to provide the graphic objects based on the network topological data in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space. The arrangement in space advantageously corresponds to the geography of the distribution network. The arrangement is, for example, a structure of an abstract view or in a concrete cartographic representation. According to an advantageous development, the controller is set up via a

Control connection to send control data to a producer controller of a producer and / or a consumer controller of a consumer. The controller is set up to generate the control data. The controller is advantageously set up the

Generate control data autonomously, in particular based on the measured values. It is also possible that the control data generated by the controller are dependent on communication with the higher-level unit. For example, the higher-level unit for energy management defines the power output of the local network station, so that the

Energy consumption of larger consumers is dependent on the power output.

According to an advantageous development, the controller is set up via the

Control connection to receive data from the producer controller and / or the consumer controller. For example, the consumer controller can use the

Report energy consumption over a period of time. The controller can use the feedback to adapt the profile of the consumer.

According to an advantageous development, a coupling circuit is provided which connects the controller to a low-voltage outlet. The coupling circuit is set up to establish the control connection via the distribution network connected to the low-voltage outlet. Such a coupling circuit is a powerline modem, for example. According to an advantageous development, the controller and / or the coupling circuit is set up to transmit the control data in encrypted form via the control connection. The encrypted control connection can take place, for example, using https or VPN tunnels. According to an advantageous development, the controller is set up to generate the control data based on the calculation result. For example, several feeders and several consumers can create a local overload in one

Cause cable section that rarely occurs in normal operation. The local overload can be determined on the basis of the calculation results and consumers can temporarily throttle or switch off the power consumption to reduce the load in the cable section. In this way, a distribution network can be optimally used without major safety reserves.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in figures. The figures show: FIG. 1 a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a local network station and a distribution network and higher-level units,

Figure 2 representations of schematic diagrams of measured values,

Figure 3 is a schematic web browser view of an embodiment,

FIG. 4 shows a schematic web browser view of another exemplary embodiment, FIG. 5 shows a schematic web browser view of another exemplary embodiment, and FIG

FIG. 6 shows a schematic web browser view of another exemplary embodiment.

A local network station 10 (ONS) with a distribution network 20 is shown schematically in FIG. The local network station 10 has, for example, a transformer 19 for transformation between medium voltage MV and low voltage NV. For the

Low-voltage side NV, the local network station 10 has a number of low-voltage

Outlets 11, 12, 13, 14, which are connected to one another by a busbar 18 (shown schematically in Figure 1). The electrical distribution network 20 for electrical energy was designed in the past for a centralized energy system and will be rebuilt due to advancing decentralization. In addition to the decentralized volatile generation, other social and infrastructural changes lead to changed loads on the power grids. For example, load profiles VI, V2 may be out of date. Electric vehicles are conquering households and can be additional significant

Represent consumers VI, V2. In addition, battery storage systems and heat pumps are becoming increasingly common. Digitized data provide transparency about the network status, which is required for investment and operational planning. Transparency is the prerequisite for optimal network management.

With the use of a controller 100 in the local network station 10, the operator should receive a better assessment of the performance of his electrical distribution network 20. The local network station 10 thereby receives a digital intelligence and can therefore be referred to as a digital local network station dONS. There is one on the controller 100

Calculation application 170 for calculating an e.g. shown in Figure 3

Energy flow EF implemented in the distribution network 20. Without the calculation application 170, the operator must undertake a worst-case analysis for his distribution network 20 due to the lack of this information. As a result, the operator may reject the addition of feeders El or consumers VI, V2 or in earthworks for a

Invest in a more powerful underground cable, although this is not physically necessary. The calculation application 170 in the local network station 10 pursues a "bottom-up approach" in the distribution network 20.

The calculation application 170 is run locally on a computer 140 of the

Executed controller 100 and enables a dynamic calculation of the energy flow EF in the distribution network 20. The controller 100 is arranged locally in the local network station 10. Extensive transmission of measurement data M over greater distances is not required. In addition, the measurement data M are practically immediately available as real-time data for calculating the distribution network 20. Advantageously, if possible, each local network station 10 of an operator is equipped with a controller 100 which is set up to execute the calculation application 170 for precisely the distribution network 20 connected to the respective local network station 10. This decentralized

The solution approach is optimized for a decentralized problem in the distribution network 20. The network topological data TD and the measured values M are used as input data in the calculation by the calculation application 170. In addition, further data, for example current measurement data of a consumer V2, can flow into the calculation. Weather data such as the current solar radiation, wind or weather forecasts can also be included in the calculation if, for example, a photovoltaic system is provided as the feeder El.

The solution shown in FIG. 1 achieves a large number of advantages. For example, the operator is supported in the approval of new photovoltaic, wind power plants and charging station infrastructure by calculating real load profiles, which previously could only be designed with a rough worst-case consideration. Unnecessary earthworks are avoided. A cost reduction in the distribution network 20 is achieved by operating in the cheapest (lowest) voltage range (for example 230V ± 10%). In addition, the solution serves as the basis for setting up decentralized island networks (MicroGrids).

FIG. 1 shows in the local network station 10 that the controller 100 is connected, for example, to four 3-phase measuring sensors 201, 202, 203, 204. Controller 100 and 3-phase measuring sensors 201, 202, 203, 204 are arranged in the interior of local network station 10 in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. Each of the four 3-phase measuring sensors 201, 202, 203, 204 is at least for current and voltage measurement at a low-voltage outlet 11,

12, 13, 14 of the local network station 10 connected. A voltage range of 110V / 230V, for example, is used as the low voltage NV. A distribution network 20 with producers El and / or consumers VI, V2 is connected to the first low-voltage outlet 11. In the schematic example shown in Figure 1, two consumers VI, V2 and a feeder El are connected via the cables Kl, K2, K3, K4, K5. It is clear to the person skilled in the art that the distribution network 20 can in reality be significantly more extensive. In addition, further distribution networks can be connected to the other low-voltage outlets 12, 13, 14. This is indicated in Figure 1 by dashed lines.

In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the controller 100 has a data interface 120 for acquiring electrical measured values M from the connected 3-phase measuring sensors 201, 202, 203, 204. Time stamps are associated with the measured values M. For example, the data interface 120 has analog inputs with analog-to-digital converters, which the convert analog data from 3-phase measuring sensors 201, 202, 203, 204 into digital data and provide them with time stamp values. Alternatively, it is possible that the 3-phase measurement sensors 201, 202, 203, 204 themselves have analog-digital converters and the data interface 120 receives digital data. The measured values M of the 3-phase measuring sensors 201, 202, 203, 204 are stored at least locally in a local memory 130, for example a flash memory, a memory card or a hard disk of the controller 100. If necessary, the measured values M can also be read out from the local memory 130.

In a local memory 130, the controller has a first memory area 131 for storing the measured values M with the associated time stamp. The controller has a second memory area 132 in the local memory 130 for storing network topological data. The network topological data include line profiles PK1, PK2, PK3, PK4, PK5 of lines / cables Kl, K2, K3, K4, K5 of distribution network 20 as well as consumer profiles PV1, PV2 of consumers VI, V2 and / or producer profiles PE1 of the producers El of the distribution network 20.

The controller 100 has a computing unit 140 on which a software program can be executed. The software program in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 has a server 160, in particular a web server, and a computing application 170. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the software program on the computing unit 140 can execute a number of program steps.

The controller 100 has a communication interface 110 for connection to a superordinate unit 910, 920, 930 outside the local network station 10. in the

The exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 is the higher-level unit, for example a control room / control center 910, a cloud 920 or a computer 930. The communication interface 110 is, for example, an Ethernet-based interface. Advantageously is one

Configuration of several (at least 2) IP addresses provided per port, so that separate connections via the communication interface 110, each with limited

Range of functions are possible. For example, a separate IP address can be set for the web server 160. A configuration option for setting is advantageous a secure connection to each IP address can be set, in particular a setting of several (min. 2) OpenVPN tunnels including firewall settings.

The computing unit 140 is set up to separate the parameterization (telecontrol technician - Scada network) and visualization (planner / network master - office network). Two different visualizations are preferably created for telecontrol technicians and planners, which can be accessed via different IP addresses.

In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, there is an OpenVPN tunnel from the SCADA network and an OpenVPN tunnel from the office network to the controller 100. These networks are separate. Other applications can be reached from the SCADA network than from the office network.

Separate web servers are preferably provided for this purpose (not shown in FIG. 1).

The computing unit 140 is set up to send a request RQ via the

Communication interface 110 for outputting an energy flow in the distribution network 20 to receive. For this purpose, the request RQ is triggered, for example, by means of the computer 930 and transmitted to the controller 100 via the Internet. The computing unit 140 is also set up to select a time period for measured values M with a time stamp within the time period. The selection of the time period is advantageously linked to the request RQ or contained in the request RQ itself.

If the computing unit 140 receives the query RQ, a calculation is triggered in a subsequent step. The computing unit 140 is set up by means of the computing application 170 to calculate values of the energy flow based on the network topological data TD and the measured values M of the period. The calculation results can be saved for future reference. Alternatively, the

Calculation results in the server 160 of the controller 100 for transmission via the communication interface 110 are provided immediately.

By means of the web server 160, several basic applications can be provided for the user, for example with language switching into different languages.

A website of the web server 160 can be called up after an authentication via user name and password. Different user rights, such as read only, access to data plotter 180 and data logger or administration, are preferably in the basic application implemented. In addition, different user levels are preferably assigned for resetting the displays (eg drag pointer) or for configuration (assignment, creation of the network topology TD, etc.).

In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the arithmetic unit 140 is used to execute a

Data plotter 180 set up. The data plotter 180 is set up to display calculated and simulated values of the calculation result. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the computing unit 140 is set up to reduce the amount of data in the calculation result. For example, values are grouped or, depending on their relevance, e.g. averaged and transmitted in different cycles. The controller 100 is set up to transmit uncompressed or compressed live data. The controller 100 is also set up to determine and output historical measurement data M and calculation results.

In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2, measured values M are shown in different diagrams. Measured values at the low-voltage output 11, 12 and 13 are shown as examples.

Measured values MPL1, MPL3, the active power and measured values of the reactive power MQL1, MQL2, MQL3 are shown as examples. A time stamp tS is assigned to each measured value M. Measured values M and time stamp tS are stored in the local memory 130 in the local network station 10. The times t0 and tl are selected, for example automatically or based on a user input. The two times tl and tO each determine a time period tl-tO within which measured values M with time stamp tS lie. For example, the display can be continuously updated so that both historical data and real-time data can be seen in the diagrams.

In addition, voltage histograms of the transformer terminals can be displayed (not shown in FIG. 2).

In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, a plot based on the network topological data TD is output and shown schematically via a web browser. in the

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the web server 160 can display different information and events with a web page 162, such as - General information on the local network station

- Drag pointer for the transformer 19 and for each individual output 11 (in

Embodiment of Figure 3 selectable, but not shown),

- a period image e.g. of the last 30 days, configurable with display of the displayed time period tl-tO (selectable in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3, but not shown),

- Minimum and maximum values of e.g. Power and voltage of a predeterminable number of days for transformer 19 and outputs 11 (can be selected in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, but not shown),

Date display since when the measured values M and / or result values have been determined (can be selected in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, but not shown).

Via the website 162 of the web server 160, input options are to be made available for the execution of provided services S1, S2, S3, whereby e.g.

- Drag pointers can be reset (selectable in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, but not shown), or

the entire display can be reset (selectable in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, but not shown), and / or

- individual services Sl, S2, S3 can be switched on or off,

a date and / or time can be entered (can be selected in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, but not shown).

In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, live data of the calculation results are shown. The calculation result is shown as a graphic object GOEF. in the

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3, the energy flow in each cable Kl is shown in the form of an arrow, a graphic property of the graphic object GOEF representing the size of the energy flow EF. It is shown as an example that the size of the arrow correlates with the size of the energy flow EF. Alternatively, colors or other graphic properties can also be used. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the server 160 of the controller 100 is set up to provide a number of services S1, S2, S3 that can be controlled via the communication interface 110. Examples of services S1, S2, S3 are shown schematically in

Embodiment of Figure 3 shown. For example, services S1, S2, S3 can be selected via a user interface 162. A first service S1 enables a cartographic view of the calculation results. A second service S2 enables measured values M to be viewed at a low-voltage output 11, as is shown schematically in FIG. 2, for example. A third service S3 enables various

Make settings. For example, graphic objects can be permanently or temporarily added or removed using the settings. Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, it is shown that the associated services between two

Operating modes "simulation" and "monitoring" can be switched.

In FIG. 3, a website 162 is shown schematically, for example based on FITML5. The website 162 is part of the web server 160 and enables the input of the

Network topology via a WEB visualization and / or a continuous network calculation and / or a visualization of the energy flow EF. The web page 162 is shown in FIG. 1, for example, by means of a browser on the computer 930.

The representation of real-time data in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3 enables, for example, a configuration of the measuring terminals and / or an assignment of

Measurement data and / or calculation data with, for example, minimum values and / or maximum values of current and / or voltage and / or asymmetry factor to a low-voltage outlet 11 and / or the direct display of real-time values in the distribution network 20. A network master should be able to do so be able to assign any problems to an exit 11.

By means of the controller 100, the network topology of the low-voltage lines of the distribution network 20 at the local network station 10 can be planned with the help of the WEB visualization, as shown in FIG. 3, in order, for example, to carry out a continuous network calculation. The distribution network operator can use this functionality to carry out an analysis of the distribution network 20 in order to decide on the approval of further additions to renewable energy systems or necessary network expansion. Another The advantage is the setting of the most favorable voltage band on the low-voltage side NV, which means that the supplier can operate the low-voltage network NV more economically.

A network topology based on network topological data TD is shown schematically in FIG. There are shown by way of example in the distribution network 20: one

Local network station 10 with a 3-phase measuring sensor 201, consumers VI, V2, V3 with different consumer profiles PV1, PV2, PV3 and feeder El with feeder profile PE1. The profiles, in particular the consumer profiles PV1, PV2, PV3 are advantageously adaptable. For example, the consumer profiles PV1, PV2, PV3 are updated using real data. The energy flow EF calculated based on measured values M and network topological data TD is shown in the form of a graphic object GOEF. For this purpose, the server 160 of the controller 100 is set up to provide the calculation results using graphic objects GOEF. In FIG. 3 it is shown by way of example that an arrow of a corresponding size is assigned to each value of the energy flow EF as a graphic object GOEF. Consumers VI, V2, V3 and feeders El are each represented by graphic objects.

In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the server 160 of the controller 100 is set up, the graphic objects GOEF based on the network topological data TD in one

to arrange two-dimensional or three-dimensional space. The two-dimensional or three-dimensional space is typically shown on a display, augmented reality glasses or the like. The arrangement in the room corresponds

advantageously to the geography of the distribution network 20. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3 it is shown that the graphic objects GOEF e.g. of the energy flow EF over a

two-dimensional map are shown distributed. The graphic objects GOEF are advantageously shown in a separate layer above the map. For example, the graphic objects GOEF are highlighted from the plane of the map or placed in a plane behind the partially transparent map, e.g. to improve the visual perceptibility.

In addition to the representation in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, an additional evaluation, for example limit value monitoring, can be represented. For example, it is possible to temporarily indicate that a current in a cable has exceeded the threshold value by changing the color, for example from green to red. Other feedback too and / or status messages and / or reporting and / or logging can be implemented in the exemplary embodiment in FIG.

In contrast to FIG. 1, the network topological data TD based on geographic information are shown in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. In the exemplary embodiment, the graphic objects of the distribution network 20 are inserted as a layer over a cartographic map. The network topological data TD can for example be based on a manual input. For this purpose, the server 160 has an input functionality for the user. The input functionality has, for example, a configuration tool that, for example

- a manual creation of reduced radiation networks with branching options, and / or

- an input of complex line parameters, annual energy consumption with

Standard load profiles and / or

- the creation of a configuration database and / or

- enables data management (concepts and solutions) for network topological data and / or measurement data and / or calculated result data. The configuration is advantageously by means of a separate

Configuration page implemented.

The network topological data TD in the second memory area 132 in the controller 100 can advantageously be changed, for example by the user

are remotely configurable. For example, an input option for the network topological data is created via the server 160. The network topological data TD are recorded, for example, by means of a computer 930 and transferred to the second memory area 132 via the communication interface 110 of the controller 100. The server 160 is advantageously set up to receive change data and to change the network topological data TD based on the change data. For example, a cable K1 can be selected by the user via the website in FIG. 3 and a new cable can be virtually connected and laid. It is also possible to virtually connect a new consumer to the newly laid cable. This is regardless of whether the new cable and the new consumer in reality already exist. This can be used for simulation purposes, for example. Accordingly, the network topology can be expanded in the horizontal direction, i.e. along the cable routes, to increase the number of nodes. The number of nodes is advantageously limited to a maximum number. It is also possible to expand the distribution network 20 in the vertical direction, that is to say in the number of outlets, in order to introduce a number of network branches. This allows realistic results to be achieved.

In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, the server 160 is set up to insert a new cable with cable length and / or type or single or double cable. The computing unit 140 of the controller 100 is advantageously set up to calculate the cable profile of the new cable. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, the server 160 is set up for inputting a line load and / or point load. Annual consumption can include

Assignment to individual profiles (household, commercial, etc.) can be entered. It is also possible to enter the output of an EEG system with assignment to the system type (PV, CHP ...).

As an alternative to a user-based input of changes to the topological data TD, the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 provides for an automated model formation by importing planning data from a geographic information system (Smallworld / Lovion). Particularly simple engineering can be achieved by importing the planning data. The operators of electrical distribution networks 20 use geographic information systems (GIS) for the planning, maintenance and expansion of their low-voltage networks NV. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the data can also be imported, e.g. implemented in the so-called shapefile format from a geographic information system. The import simplifies the input of the network topological data TD into the controller 100. Correspondingly, very complex network topologies can also be imported than would be possible via a manual input via the website 162 in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. in the

In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the controller 100 is advantageously set up to load the associated network topological data TD from an external memory, for example from the cloud 920, based on an identification code of its own local network station 10. The network topological data TD are then automatically checked to ensure that they are suitable for the calculation in the computing application 170. After the import of network topological data TD, manual processing takes place

advantageously blocked. Alternatively, an additional simulation file can be generated which contains network topological changes for simulation purposes.

The server 160 of the controller 100 of the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 is set up to provide the calculation results CK1 on the basis of graphic objects GOK1. In the embodiment of Figure 4, a cable K1 is selected. The selected cable Kl is graphically marked in the web page 162, e.g. through spatial and / or color

Emphasis. The selection can be made, for example, by determining a mouse click by the user in the area of the display of the cable K1 within the website 162. Based on the mouse click, selection control data DP are transmitted via the

Communication point 110, for example from the computer 930 to the server 160 of the

Controller 100. The server 160 is set up based on the

Selection control data DP select a number of graphic objects Kl, GOK1. In addition to marking the cable K1, the server 160 is set up to display a window on the website in the foreground that forms a further graphic object GOK1 that is transmitted to the computer 930, for example, via the communication interface 110.

The server 160 of the controller 100 is set up to provide the calculation results CK1 for the cable Kl on the basis of the graphic object GOK1. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4, the graphic object GOK1 is shown in the form of a window or a speech bubble and is graphically assigned directly to the cable Kl by a tip. The server 160 is set up to assign the assignment of the graphic object GOK1 based on the network topological data TD and to one of the low-voltage outlets (hidden in FIG. 4). In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4, the graphic object GOK1 is assigned to a calculation result CK1. The graphic object GOK1 shows for each conductor LI, L2, L3 e.g. the calculated current value IC in amperes. The graphic object GOK1 is then transmitted to the computer 930 via the communication interface 110.

In FIG. 5, another calculation result CV1 for a consumer VI, for example a charging station for an electric vehicle, is shown as an example. A web page 162 generated by the server 160 contains a time display 164 which indicates the date and time for which point in time the displayed calculation result CV1 was determined. For example, the controller 100 is set up to record historical or current load profiles on the low-voltage outlet (hidden in FIG. 5) and / or on the transformer 19 in

In table form or diagram form. For example, a time series of the last 30 days can be displayed with a resolution of one day or one hour. By way of example, FIG. 5 shows a calculation result CVl for consumer VI in an object GOV1 for the time 02 February 2019, 12:52 p.m. In order to display the object GOV1, the server 160 is for recording the selection of the consumer VI

furnished. For example, the consumer VI is selected from a table (not shown).

In FIG. 6, a calculation result CVl for a consumer VI is shown as an example. In contrast to FIG. 5, in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 6, a time profile PC (t) of calculated electrical values is assigned to the object GOV1. The time course PC (t) of the power PC between time t0 in the past and the current time t1 is shown as an example in FIG. The controller 100 is set up to display the time course PC (t) of the calculated electrical values or a generated graphic representation, e.g. to transmit the object GOV1, the time profile PC (t) of the calculated electrical values via the communication interface 110.

The exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 is supplemented below by a wide-range control. For the implementation of a wide range control, the computing application 170 in the local network station 10 is expanded and another application is for the remote station in the

Substation implemented. The controller 100 in the local network station 10 is set up to cyclically send a request to the voltage band to a controller 910 in the substation. With the request, the control 910 in the substation determines the most favorable voltage range and adjusts the transformer accordingly, e.g. typical 10 position changes per day. By setting the most favorable voltage range on the medium-voltage side MV, the utility can operate the medium-voltage network more economically. The server 160 is advantageously set up to visualize the local network station 10, which can be optically integrated into a subordinate medium-voltage network. In an advantageous development, the controller 100 is set up to receive commands from the controller 910 in the substation and, for example, based on a momentary power output of the local network station 10 the consumption controllable

To control consumer VI in the distribution network 20 on the low voltage side NV.

In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the controller 100 is connected to consumers VI, V2 and / or feeders El via a data connection CC. The data connection CC, which can also be referred to as control connection CC, is shown schematically in FIG. 1 by dashed lines. It is not necessary to use a separate data line. The signals for the control connection CC are transmitted via the existing cables K1, K2, K3, K4, K5 and, for example, modulated. This method is known, for example, as Powerline Communication PLC or Powerline for short, and is also called PowerLAN or dLAN by some manufacturers. This technology uses existing electrical lines in the low-voltage network NV to set up a local network for data transmission, so that no additional data line is necessary. Correspondingly, so-called powerline modems are provided on the low-voltage outlet 11 and on the consumer VI, V2 and / or on the feeder El modems 211. Consumers and / or feeders also have controllers V1C, V2C, E1C for receiving and processing control data CD.

The controller 100 in the local network station 10 is set up to send control data CD to a generator controller E1C of a generator E1 and / or a consumer controller V1C, V2C of a consumer VI, V2 via a control connection CC. The control of the distribution network 20 at the low voltage level NV can take place independently of a superordinate unit 910, 920, 930. A modem 211, which can also be referred to as a coupling circuit 211, is shown for the data connection between the controller 100 and the low-voltage outlet 11. The coupling circuit 211 is set up to establish the control connection CC via the distribution network 20 connected to the low-voltage outlet 11. In order to achieve a higher level of security, the controller 100 and / or the coupling circuit 211 is set up via the control connection CC

Transferring control data on CD in encrypted form. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the controller 100 is set up to generate the control data CD based on the calculation results. For example, it can be determined on the basis of the calculation that a power limit has been reached in a specific area of the distribution network 20, so that a command is contained in the control data CD via the control connection CC that for a Consumer V2, for example a charging station for an electric vehicle, the power consumption from the distribution network 20 is limited.

List of reference symbols

10 local network station

11, 12, 13, 14 low-voltage output

18 busbar

19 transformer

20 distribution network

100 controllers

110 communication interface

120 data interface

130 local storage

131, 132 memory area

140 arithmetic unit

160 server, web server

170 computing application

180 data plotter

201, 202, 203, 204 3-phase measuring sensor

211 modem

910 control room

920 cloud

930 computer tO, tl, ts time

cc data link control link

CD control data

DP selection and data

El producers

EF energy flow

Kl, K2, K3, K4, K5 cable, wire

M, MPL1, MPL3, MQL1, MQL2, MQL3 measurement data

MV medium voltage

NV low voltage PE1, PK1, PK2, PK3, PK4, PK5, PV1, PV2 profile

RQ request

TD topology network data

VI, V2 consumers

V1C, V2C, E1C modems

Claims

Expectations

1. System, with a controller (100), with a 3-phase measuring sensor (201, 202, 203, 204), the 3-phase measuring sensor (201, 202, 203, 204) at least for current measurement at a low voltage - exit (11, 12,

13, 14) of a local network station (10) is connected, with a distribution network (20) with generators (El) and / or consumers (VI, V2) being connected to the low-voltage outlet (11, 12, 13, 14) in which the controller (100) and the 3-phase measuring sensor (201, 202, 203, 204) are arranged in the local network station (10), in which the controller (100) has a data interface (120) for recording electrical measured values (M ) of the connected 3-phase measuring sensor (201, 202, 203, 204) with the associated time stamp (ts), in which the controller (100) has a communication interface (110) for connection to a higher-level unit (910, 920, 930) outside of the local network station (10), in which the controller (100) has a first memory area (131) in a local memory (130) for storing the measured values (M) with the associated time stamp (ts), characterized in that the controller ( 100) has a second memory area (132) in the local memory (130) to store Network topological data (TD), whereby the network topological data (TD) include both line profiles (PK1, PK2, PK3, PK4, PK5) of the distribution network (20) and consumer profiles (PV1, PV2) of the consumers ( VI, V2) and / or producer profiles (PE1) of the producers (El) of the distribution network (20) have that the controller (100) has a computing unit (140) set up for:

- Receiving a request (RQ) about the

Communication interface (110) for outputting a

Energy flow (EF) in the distribution network (20),

- Selection of a period (tl-tO) for measured values (M) with a time stamp (ts) within the period (tl-tO),

- Calculation of values (Uc, Ic, Pc, Qc) of the energy flow (EF) based on the network topological data (TD) and the measured values (M) of the period (tl-tO), and

- Provision of a calculation result (CK1, CV1) in a server (160) of the controller (100) for transmission via the communication interface (110).

2. System (1) according to claim 1, in which the server (160) of the controller (100) is set up to provide a number of services (S1, S2, S3) which can be controlled via the communication interface (110).

3. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which the server (160) of the controller (100) is set up to provide the calculation results (CV1, CK1) based on graphical objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF), the graphical objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF) based on the network -topological data (TD) each other and to the

Low-voltage output (11, 12, 13, 14) are assigned, and / or wherein at least one of the graphic objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF) is assigned to a calculation result (CK1, CV1), and / or wherein the graphic objects (GOK1 , GOV1, GOEF) via the

Communication interface (110) in particular for

higher-level unit (910, 920, 930) are transferable.

4. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which the server (160) of the controller (100) is set up to provide an object (GOV1) with a time curve (Pc (t)) of

to assign calculated electrical values, the time course (Pc (t)) of the calculated electrical values and / or a generated graphical representation of the time course (Pc (t)) of the calculated electrical values over the

Communication interface (110) can be transmitted.

5. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which the server (160) of the controller (100) is set up to receive selection control data (DP) via the communication interface (110), and to select a number of the graphic objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF) based on the selection control data (DP).

6. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which the server (160) of the controller (100) is set up to provide the graphic objects (GOK1, GOV1, GOEF) based on the network topological data (TD) in one

to arrange two-dimensional or three-dimensional space, the arrangement in space corresponding in particular to the geography of the distribution network (20).

7. System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the controller (100) is set up via a

Control connection (CC) to send control data (CD) to a generator controller (E1C) of a generator (El) and / or a consumer controller (V1C, V2C) of a consumer (VI, V2).

8. System according to one of the preceding claims, with a coupling circuit (211) which connects the controller (100) to a low-voltage outlet (11), set up to establish the control connection (CC) via the connected to the low-voltage outlet (11) Distribution network (20).

9. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which the controller (100) and / or the coupling circuit (211) is set up to transmit the control data (CD) in encrypted form via the control connection (CC).

10. System according to one of the preceding claims, in which the controller (100) is set up to generate the control data (CD) based on the calculation result (CK1, CV1).