EP3949101A1 - Windenergieanlage mit einer wechselrichtereinrichtung zum erzeugen einer wechselspannung sowie entsprechendes verfahren - Google Patents
Windenergieanlage mit einer wechselrichtereinrichtung zum erzeugen einer wechselspannung sowie entsprechendes verfahrenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3949101A1 EP3949101A1 EP20716458.3A EP20716458A EP3949101A1 EP 3949101 A1 EP3949101 A1 EP 3949101A1 EP 20716458 A EP20716458 A EP 20716458A EP 3949101 A1 EP3949101 A1 EP 3949101A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- inverter
- load resistor
- input
- output
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
- H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
- H02M5/453—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC
- H02M5/42—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC
- H02M5/453—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/458—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M5/4585—Conversion of AC power input into AC power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into DC by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate DC into AC using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/493—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
- H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
- H02J2101/28—Wind energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for generating at least one alternating voltage by means of at least one inverter device.
- the present invention also relates to a corresponding inverter device.
- the present invention also relates to a wind energy installation with such an inverter device.
- Wind energy plants are known and they generate electrical energy from wind and feed this into an electrical supply network.
- Modern wind turbines use a so-called full converter concept in particular, in which the energy is generated by a generator as alternating current, this alternating current is rectified and this rectified alternating current is then inverted again in order to adapt it to the electrical network according to frequency, phase and voltage level that it should be fed in.
- Such support tasks with which the electrical supply network is to be electrically supported, regularly include a rapid change in the power fed in. This can also mean that the power fed in has to be changed very quickly, namely in the range of seconds or even in the range of less than a second, the level of the electrical power fed in, in particular the active power fed in.
- the named chopper circuit is required, which thus forms an additional element for an inverter that can generate corresponding costs.
- German Patent and Trademark Office researched the following prior art in the priority application for the present application: DE 23 49 161 A1, DE 25 21 940 A1, DE 10 2007 003 172 A1, DE 10 2009 017 023 A1 and DE 10 2012 209 903 A1.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of addressing the problems mentioned.
- a solution is to be proposed which enables a rapid power reduction or even rapid consumption of power from the electrical supply network with as little effort as possible.
- At least an alternative solution to previously known solutions should be proposed.
- a method according to claim 1 is proposed. This method is thus provided for generating at least one alternating voltage by means of at least one inverter device.
- the inverter device comprises at least one voltage input for applying an input voltage and one voltage output for emitting an output voltage and at least one DC voltage intermediate circuit for providing an intermediate circuit voltage.
- an alternating voltage generated by a generator of a wind energy system can be input at the voltage input and an output voltage can be fed into an electrical supply network via the voltage output.
- a reverse working direction is also possible, for example, and it is proposed in particular that the inverter device is designed such that the voltage input and voltage output have the same functionality, that is to say both an alternating voltage can take in as well as give one.
- the DC voltage intermediate circuit is designed in such a way that the voltage input and voltage output essentially connect internally.
- the process consists of several steps.
- an alternating voltage at the voltage output is controlled for outputting a first part of an input power as useful power.
- the AC voltage at the voltage output can also be controlled in such a way that an input power or part of it is received. This means in particular that the alternating voltage is controlled in relation to an output current or consumed current in such a way that power is output or consumed.
- a system voltage of the inverter device be controlled.
- Such a system voltage is an internal voltage and this system voltage is controlled or changed in such a way that at least one equalizing current flows through at least one load resistor, thereby delivering a second part of the input power or the entire input power as excess power to the at least one load resistor.
- the load resistance can also be referred to synonymously as braking resistance. Operation when a compensating current flows, i.e. when excess power is output, can be referred to as braking operation.
- Such a system voltage can in particular be a differential voltage between a plurality of DC voltage intermediate circuits of the same inverter device, or else the respective DC voltage of a DC voltage intermediate circuit as such. Differential voltages between several voltage inputs or voltage outputs, or a combination thereof, can also be considered. It was thus recognized that the inverter device as such can also carry out the dissipation of electrical power or a part of it via at least one load resistor without an additional chopper circuit through skillful operation.
- the input voltage, the output voltage and / or the intermediate circuit voltage be changed as the system voltage, in particular that at least one DC voltage component be changed or modulated with respect to a reference potential, in particular earth potential. It is also possible that an alternating voltage component is modulated which has a direct component.
- the output voltage is in particular a voltage that is present at an output of the inverter device that is connected to an electrical generator, an electrical motor, or an electrical supply network, or is set up to be connected to it.
- the input voltage is in particular a voltage that is present at an input of the inverter device that is connected to an electrical generator, an electrical motor, or an electrical supply network, or is set up to be connected to it. It was particularly recognized that the input voltage, output voltage and / or the intermediate circuit voltage can also be changed in such a way that the functionality of the at least one voltage input and the at least one voltage output and possibly also of the DC voltage intermediate circuit can remain unchanged.
- modulating a direct voltage component can lead to a compensating current, particularly as direct current, without the desired alternating voltage signal, especially the three-phase alternating voltage signal, being changed with regard to the alternating component.
- a DC voltage component can be changed or modulated and lead to the equalizing current, while at the same time the functionality of delivering part of the input power as useful power, namely as a three-phase signal, or a corresponding input power input using a three-phase AC voltage signal, can remain unchanged.
- the least one DC voltage intermediate circuit has at least one of the load resistors with a rectifying means connected in series therewith.
- the rectifying means is designed in particular as a diode.
- the DC voltage intermediate circuit has two poles and the at least one load resistor with the rectifying means connected in series with it thus form a series circuit which is arranged between the two poles.
- the system voltage be changed in such a way that the direction of the intermediate circuit voltage is reversed so that the rectifying means becomes conductive for it and the at least one equalizing current flows through the rectifying means and the at least one load resistor.
- the intermediate circuit voltage forms the system voltage that is changed. This change takes place in such a way that, for the purpose of generating the equalizing current via the at least one load resistor, the direction of the intermediate circuit voltage is reversed at least for a short time, that is, the polarity is quasi reversed.
- the rectifying means becomes conductive and the compensating current can then flow essentially as a function of the level of the intermediate circuit voltage and the size of the load resistance.
- the direction of the intermediate circuit voltage is not reversed or reversed and is then applied to the rectifying means in the reverse direction, so that no compensating current flows.
- the excess power can be delivered when required without major component expenditure. It can also be controlled in terms of its level by adjusting the level of the intermediate circuit voltage and / or by changing the direction of the intermediate circuit voltage only for one delivery period and the length of the delivery period can then also change the level of the delivered Surplus output can be controlled.
- periods of reversal of direction and periods in which the direction of the intermediate circuit voltage is not reversed can alternate and the ratio of these periods to one another can also control the excess power output.
- the voltage reversal can therefore be carried out in a pulse-like manner and the power output can be controlled via a pulse-pause ratio. It is therefore particularly proposed that the level of the excess power is controlled by controlling a duration of the voltage reversal, i.e.
- the duration during which the voltage reversal is present, and / or that the level of the intermediate circuit voltage, which is reversed in its direction, is controlled. Both could also be combined in order to thereby obtain a corresponding degree of freedom. In particular, other conditions can also have an influence on a reasonable level of the intermediate circuit voltage.
- the conversion of a direct voltage into an alternating voltage does not require a specific direction of the intermediate circuit voltage. Put simply, the conversion can be carried out from both a positive and a negative intermediate circuit voltage. Ultimately, it is only a question of defining which direction of the intermediate circuit voltage is viewed as positive and which as negative.
- the inverter device can adjust to this by being controlled accordingly. The control of the inverter device can be adjusted without any structural effort. In particular, no previously known additional chopper circuit is required to control the output of the excess power.
- At least two inverter devices connected in parallel are provided and that the at least two inverter devices are connected via at least one of the load resistors.
- System voltages of the at least two inverter devices are changed so differently from one another that at least one equalizing current flows between the inverter devices via the at least one load resistor.
- the inverter devices can be operated differently to the extent that such a compensating current can flow, but at the same time controlling an input voltage or output voltage. can still be carried out according to the respective requirements. It was thus recognized that at least one degree of freedom is still available which can be used and accordingly allows different control of the two inverter devices.
- the inverter devices have different absolute voltage potentials in their DC voltage intermediate circuit, that is to say that there are different voltage levels with regard to a common reference potential, for example the ground potential. These can be achieved by correspondingly different control of the inverter devices. In this case, however, the intermediate circuit voltage of both inverter devices can be the same, although it does not have to be the same.
- both intermediate circuit voltages could be 800 V.
- this intermediate circuit voltage could be composed of +400 V and -400 V in relation to the earth potential, whereas in the other inverter device it could be composed of +450 V and -350 V in relation to the earth potential.
- this potential difference can be adjusted in height and only has to be adjusted temporarily.
- the amount of excess power that is released can be controlled via duration and amplitude.
- both inverter devices are operated in such a way that there is no potential difference between the two intermediate circuit voltages. Then no equalizing current will flow and no excess power will be delivered without the need for a switch to disconnect the load resistors.
- several inverter devices are provided which are connected in parallel to one another and each have one of the DC voltage intermediate circuits. The DC voltage circuits are connected via the at least one load resistor. So the load resistance is between the connected to both inverter devices.
- at least one of the inverter devices is raised and / or lowered in a general voltage potential in relation to a reference potential, for example in relation to the earth potential, so that a compensating current is established via the at least one load resistor.
- This reference potential can be raised, for example, in such a way that the inverter device is operated at its voltage input in the sense of an active rectifier, which can be controlled in such a way that the direct current is passed into the positive and negative part of the direct voltage intermediate circuit in such a way that an ent - adjusts speaking potential. In other words, more direct current is fed into the positive part when the voltage potential is to be increased.
- the voltage potential of the DC voltage intermediate circuits be set in relation to a reference potential, in particular in relation to the ground potential, so that they have a voltage difference from one another that leads to a compensating current via the at least one load resistor leads. This therefore also corresponds to the case already clearly explained above.
- the inverter device each have a voltage input as an AC voltage input and a voltage signal is modulated on at least one of the AC voltage inputs, so that a mean voltage shift is set in relation to the reference potential, so that a compensating current results which, flows across the load resistor.
- the equalizing current and thus the excess power is thus controlled via this modulated voltage signal.
- the equalizing current can also flow in the area of the voltage input between the inverter devices, but it can also flow via the at least one load resistor, which is preferably connected between the two DC voltage intermediate circuits.
- the inverter devices each have a voltage output as an alternating voltage output and a voltage signal is modulated on at least one of the alternating voltage outputs, so that a mean voltage shift is set in relation to the reference potential, so that a compensating current results, which is via the Load resistance flows.
- the modulation at the voltage output can take place be provided.
- the inverter device each have its DC voltage intermediate circuit as a voltage input. It was therefore particularly recognized here that an inverter device can also be provided which does not convert from alternating current to alternating current, but from direct current to alternating current or vice versa.
- the aforementioned modulation in the alternating voltage range namely a voltage output here, can generate the potential difference that leads to the equalizing current.
- the intermediate circuit voltage or the voltage potential in the direct voltage intermediate circuit can be viewed as a system voltage that is changed according to the invention.
- inverter devices connected in parallel are provided, each having a voltage input as an AC voltage input, the AC voltage inputs being connected via the at least one load resistor, and a voltage signal being modulated on at least one of the AC voltage inputs, so that a mean Adjusts voltage shift in relation to the reference potential, so that a compensating current results that flows through the at least one load resistor.
- the load resistance is not connected between the DC voltage intermediate circuits, but on the AC voltage side between the two AC voltage inputs of the two parallel-connected inverters. Analogously, this can also be provided on the output side of the inverter devices.
- the AC voltage signals are basically the same.
- three-phase alternating voltage signals or alternating current signals are provided that each have the same frequency, phase and amplitude between the two inverter devices, but with the difference that their reference potential is raised from one inverter device to the other, i.e. a DC -Offset.
- such a DC offset does not influence the respective functioning of the individual inverter devices, at least not significantly. Only in a comparison between the two inverter devices that have different DC offsets or one of which has no DC offset does an effect arise and this can result. can be used to allow a compensating current to flow through the at least one load resistor.
- a three-phase system is preferably assumed and three load resistors are accordingly provided, namely one for each phase.
- the inverter devices are interconnected at their DC voltage intermediate circuits in such a way that the equalizing current or a part of it flows back in the area of the DC voltage intermediate circuits. The effect has been explained above.
- the inverter devices are interconnected at their voltage outputs in such a way that the compensating current or part of it flows back in the area of the voltage outputs.
- AC voltage outputs are particularly meant here, and the at least one load resistor can be arranged there.
- the at least one inverter device is connected to a generator and / or consumer that has a star point.
- the at least one load resistor be connected between the star point and a connection point of the DC voltage intermediate circuit and that a voltage potential is changed in such a way that a compensating current is established via the load resistor, the star point and the generator or consumer.
- a topology is provided here in which a load or a source has a star point, the potential of which can initially be assumed to be 0, in order to express it clearly.
- a The voltage center point can be provided, which basically has the same potential as the star point.
- a DC voltage intermediate circuit is regularly provided which has two capacitors of the same size connected in series.
- An interconnection to the star point can be provided between these so-called intermediate circuit capacitors. Normally, no current then flows through this connection line to the star point. However, in order to generate an equalizing current to deliver excess power, the voltage potential of the DC voltage intermediate circuit can be changed so that a potential difference to the star point can then arise, which can be used to modulate the equalizing current.
- This also serves the purpose of illustration and it is not absolutely necessary that two series-connected intermediate circuit capacitors are actually provided in the DC voltage intermediate circuit, between which a tap is led to the star point of the load or the source.
- a single capacitor can also be connected to one connection of the DC voltage intermediate circuit and the connection to the star point can be established via this and a corresponding compensating current can flow over it when a signal is modulated onto this star point, thereby delivering the excess power.
- a voltage signal to be modulated on each voltage input designed as an AC voltage input, so that an average voltage shift is established in relation to the reference potential, so that a compensating current results that flows through the at least one load resistor.
- the equalizing current can basically also flow at least partially outside the inverter device, in particular including the consumer or generator, that is to say the load or source. Modulation can therefore be carried out in such a way that this also affects the load or source and the equalizing current can then partially flow through this load or source if the load resistance via which the excess power is to be dissipated is connected accordingly. For this purpose, an interconnection via the star point of the load or source is suggested.
- the at least two inverter devices are connected in parallel to one another and are each connected to a generator and / or consumer having a star point.
- the at least one load resistor is connected between the star points. A voltage potential is then changed in such a way that an equalizing current is established via the load resistor, the star point and the generator or consumer.
- a voltage signal be modulated on at least one of the voltage inputs designed as AC voltage inputs, so that a mean voltage shift is established in relation to the reference potential, so that a compensating current results that flows through the at least one load resistor between the star points .
- the voltage at the voltage inputs is changed so that this voltage at the voltage inputs represents the system voltage that is changed.
- this is also correspondingly possible at the voltage outputs or the voltage inputs can also be controlled by appropriate control of the inverter device for outputting power.
- the load or source is thus also included here, with a second inverter device and thus its second load or second source also being included.
- At least two inverter devices are provided, each of which has its DC voltage intermediate circuit as a voltage input and is connected in parallel to one another, with their DC voltage intermediate circuits being connected in parallel.
- their voltage outputs are connected via at least one load resistor.
- a voltage signal is modulated on at least one of the voltage inputs designed as AC voltage outputs, so that a mean voltage shift is established in relation to the reference potential, so that a compensating current results that flows through at least one load resistance between the AC voltage outputs and the two Inverter devices thus have a connected or even common DC voltage intermediate circuit and balancing resistors are provided at the AC voltage output, which in principle can also function as an input, namely in particular preferably one per phase.
- the equalizing current that is caused by the modulated voltage signal can then flow through these load resistors, namely by the resulting power potential difference between the two AC voltage outputs of the two inverter devices.
- the output voltage at the AC voltage output is to be understood as the system voltage that is changed to generate the equalizing current.
- these inverter devices differ by their pulse modulation at their AC voltage outputs.
- the pulse modulation is basically carried out for the inverter devices in such a way that the desired alternating current is generated, but it was recognized that there is also a degree of freedom that enables the voltage potential to be influenced at the same time.
- the different modulation then results in the differential potential that can be set accordingly for controlling the equalizing current.
- these output voltages can also be modulated in the same way in order to avoid a potential difference, in order not to obtain a differential potential, so that there is no equalizing current if this is not desired.
- the compensating current can also be controlled accordingly, depending on the pulse modulation.
- the adjustment of the system voltage is preferably varied over time with regard to the voltage level and / or the division between the inverter devices. This is proposed, in particular, so that the inverter device is loaded essentially equally on average over time by the equalizing currents. Put simply, the respective modulations can alternate in order to achieve an equalization of the load.
- the system voltage changes only one or a few inverter devices according to a predetermined criterion
- the change in the system voltage changes to at least one other inverter device, so that the change in the system voltage is carried out on average, but not at the same time, on all inverter devices .
- a predetermined time is provided as a predetermined criterion, which can be referred to as the changeover time, for example. If the changeover time expires, the change in the system voltage changes to at least one other inverter device, as long as excess power is to be delivered in any case.
- the changeover time expires, the change in the system voltage changes to at least one other inverter device, as long as excess power is to be delivered in any case.
- Load resistors can then also be connected accordingly, for example between each of the more than two inverter devices.
- at least one load resistor does not have to, but can, be connected between each inverter device, but for example only between two adjacent ones.
- an interconnection in pairs is also fundamentally possible.
- the modulation load and / or the direct load from the equalizing current be gradually passed on to another inverter device in order to achieve a balanced load.
- At least two inverter devices are connected in parallel to each other, at least one additional consumer to be supplied by a DC voltage intermediate circuit is connected via rectifying means between the multiple DC voltage intermediate circuits of the inverter devices, so that the additional consumer is each effective between a highest and / or the lowest voltage potential of the DC voltage intermediate circuits is connected.
- the intended change in the system voltage in order to generate a compensating current in order to thereby generate a compensating current also creates a special topology. Basically it is of course undesirable to use power unused.
- the load resistor is designed as a resistor with a non-linear current-voltage characteristic.
- a current is set as a function of the load resistance, namely a current that depends on the current-voltage characteristic of the load resistance.
- a characteristic curve in which the current increases disproportionately with increasing voltage opens up the possibility of achieving very high equalizing currents by changing the system voltage.
- Such a non-linear current-voltage characteristic can be achieved in particular by using a varistor.
- an inverter arrangement is also proposed.
- Such an inverter arrangement has at least one inverter device for generating at least one AC voltage and the at least one inverter device or each of the inverter devices each comprises at least one voltage input for applying an input voltage, at least one voltage output for outputting an output voltage, at least one DC voltage intermediate circuit for providing an intermediate circuit voltage and a control device for controlling the inverter device.
- the inverter arrangement also has a load resistor for absorbing an equalizing current.
- the control device is prepared for controlling an alternating voltage at the voltage output of the relevant inverter device for outputting a first part of an input power as useful power, or for receiving the input power or a part thereof.
- Each control device is also prepared for changing a system voltage of the inverter device in such a way that at least one equalizing current flows through at least one load resistor in order to thereby deliver a second part of the input power or the entire input power as excess power to the at least one load resistor.
- the inverter arrangement is designed as is evident from the description of at least one embodiment of the method described.
- the inverter arrangement is prepared to be operated in accordance with at least one method described above.
- the inverter arrangement comprises at least two inverter devices, each with a control device, and the inverter arrangement comprises a central controller for coordinating the control units and thus for coordinating the inverter devices.
- the behavior of the inverter devices to one another is important, and the central control is provided for this purpose.
- the load resistor is preferably designed as a resistor with a non-linear current-voltage characteristic.
- a wind energy installation with at least one inverter arrangement is also proposed.
- the inverter arrangement proposed is one in accordance with at least one embodiment described above.
- the wind energy installation is prepared to feed electrical power into an electrical supply network by means of the inverter arrangement and, if required, to output power as excess power through at least one compensating current in at least one load resistor. This is done in particular by changing at least one system voltage of at least one of the inverter devices.
- the wind energy installation is thus provided for feeding in and also supporting the electrical supply network. Particularly when the electrical supply network suddenly needs to reduce the power to be fed in abruptly, or even to take power from the electrical supply network by means of the wind energy system, this can be output as excess power through the equalizing current in the at least one load resistor.
- FIG. 1 shows a wind energy installation schematically in a perspective illustration.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically an inverter arrangement with several inverter devices and a central controller.
- FIG. 1 shows a wind energy installation 100 with a tower 102 and a nacelle 104.
- a rotor 106 with three rotor blades 108 and a spinner 110 is arranged on the nacelle 104.
- the rotor 106 is set in rotation by the wind during operation and thereby drives a generator in the nacelle 104.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an inverter arrangement 200 with two inverter devices 202 by way of example.
- These two inverter devices 202 there can also be more than two, or in principle there can also be only one, are linked to one another, which the symbolically represented linking bracket 204 is intended to indicate. Details of the links are not shown in FIG. 2, in particular because different links come into consideration.
- a link via at least one load resistor is provided.
- each inverter device 202 has its own load resistance for outputting an excess power and the linkage of the inverter devices 202, for example. only a coordination of the inverter devices 202 provides to the extent that it is coordinated when which inverter device carries out excess power via the respective load resistor, and if necessary, at what level.
- the inverter devices 202 in FIG. 2 each have a voltage input 206, a voltage output 208 and a DC voltage intermediate circuit 210.
- An input voltage can be received by an input source 212 and rectified in an input-side rectifier 214 and sent to the respective DC voltage intermediate circuit 210.
- an inverter 216 can invert the direct voltage and output it as alternating voltage at the voltage output 208 to an output load 218.
- the two inverter devices 202 shown, including their wiring by input source and output load 218, are shown identically for the sake of simplicity. However, this can also vary in principle.
- the active flow direction shown above from the input source 212 to the output load 218 can also be reversed.
- the input-side rectifier 214 can also be operated as an inverter and is designed accordingly, and / or that the inverter 218 can be operated as a rectifier and is designed accordingly.
- each input source can also be an input load and absorb a voltage or corresponding power.
- each output load 218 can also be an output source and input a corresponding voltage at voltage output 208 or input a corresponding power there. Such variations are basically possible through the appropriate control.
- Each inverter device has two control devices 220.
- two control devices 220 are provided for each inverter device 202, namely one for the input rectifier 214 and one for the inverter 216.
- the two control devices 220 of each inverter can also be used.
- t device 202 be combined to form a control device.
- the control devices 220 which are shown in the same simplified form here, can differ between input rectifier 214 and inverter 216.
- both the inverter 216 can be operated as a rectifier 214 and the rectifier 214 can be operated as an inverter 216.
- a central controller 222 is provided for controlling and / or coordinating the inverters 202 of the inverter arrangement 200.
- This central controller 222 controls and / or coordinates the inverter devices 202, in particular via the control devices 220 provided in each case.
- each double arrow indicates that information can be transmitted in every direction.
- Both the input rectifier 214 and the inverter 216 can in this respect also be referred to as partial converters and thus the input rectifier 214 can be referred to synonymously as the first partial converter (partial converter 1) and the inverter 216 as the second partial converter (partial converter 2).
- the invention thus relates to electronic power converters that connect an AC power source (source) to an AC power sink (load) and - as is the state of the art today - a two-stage conversion of AC (alternating or three-phase voltage) via a Carry out a DC intermediate circuit (direct voltage) to AC (alternating or three-phase voltage).
- the underlying structure is shown schematically in FIG. 3a.
- Some embodiments also relate to converters that connect a DC source (or load) to an AC load (or source), which FIG. 3b shows schematically.
- the braking unit which can also be referred to as a chopper circuit, is a step-down converter.It comprises a power semiconductor that can be switched off (e.g. an IGBT, MOSFET or IGCT), a freewheeling diode, the intermediate circuit capacitor (possibly present in the converter anyway) and the Braking resistor itself.
- FIG. 3c shows a braking unit for an AC-AC converter and thus for a structure according to FIG. 3a and FIG. 3d for a DC-AC converter and thus for a structure according to FIG. 3b.
- One variant can be referred to as an AC-AC converter with reversible DC voltage. It is assumed that the partial converters enable the voltage of the DC link to be reversed. This is e.g. this is the case with current intermediate circuit converters and with some modular multilevel converters and is known to those skilled in the art.
- the braking resistor is arranged in series with a diode in the intermediate circuit.
- the braking power is controlled by the level of the negative intermediate circuit voltage Ud. This is shown in Figure 3e.
- the circuit comprises the series connection of braking resistor RB and diodes D between the two poles of the intermediate circuit voltage. To this end, it is suggested to control the braking unit by reversing the polarity of the intermediate circuit voltage Ud and changing the amount of the intermediate circuit voltage.
- One embodiment uses an AC-AC converter, with two partial converters and a braking unit control by means of different DC voltages.
- the term converter is used here and below synonymously for an inverter arrangement, in particular for an inverter arrangement 200 in the sense of FIG. 2.
- the term partial converter is used here and below in general and can refer to an inverter device as or similar to the inverter device 202 according to FIG , as well as parts thereof, as well as a rectifier, especially a rectifier 214 according to FIG.
- the converter has at least two partial converters a and b, each of which has a DC voltage intermediate circuit similar to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 210 according to FIG. 2 (or more than two partial converters, then the explanations apply accordingly).
- the partial converters have a controllable DC intermediate circuit voltage Ud. It is not necessary that the DC link voltage can be reversed.
- the intermediate circuits of both inverters, i.e. both inverter devices here, are connected via braking resistors.
- both converters In normal operation, both converters have the same intermediate circuit voltage Ud, so that no current flows.
- Different intermediate circuit voltages are set in braking mode, so that there is a power flow from the converter with a higher intermediate circuit voltage and also with a lower intermediate circuit voltage via the braking resistors. As a result, part of the power in the braking resistors is converted into heat. If an AC voltage shifted by 180 ° is superimposed on both DC intermediate circuit voltages, the power flow from one to the other intermediate circuit balances out over a period of this AC voltage and the power consumption in the braking resistor remains. The structure for this is shown in FIG. 3f, which provides for a control of the braking unit by superimposing a phase-shifted AC voltage on the DC intermediate circuit voltages.
- connection of the intermediate circuits via braking resistors in connection with a superposition of a phase-shifted AC voltage on the DC voltage Uda and Udb is provided.
- a varistor or other element with a strongly non-linear characteristic can also be used, i.e. a resistor with a non-linear current-voltage characteristic.
- a characteristic is proposed in which no current flows even if there are slight differences in the intermediate circuit voltages, but the difference between the intermediate circuit voltages does not have to be too large for high current flow and thus high power. In this case, the characteristic is such that the current increases disproportionately with the voltage, i.e. in relation to the respective amounts.
- this consumer is to be fed from the two intermediate circuits, this can be done via decoupling diodes. In normal operation, this consumer is supplied from both sub-intermediate circuits, and in braking operation from the sub-intermediate circuit with a higher voltage. This is shown in FIG. 3j.
- FIG. 3k Another embodiment, in which different intermediate circuit voltages are generated during braking, consists in the AC-side coupling of the converters (for one or both sources or loads). This is shown in Figure 3k.
- Another embodiment relates to an AC-AC converter, consisting of two partial converters, coupled on the AC side with braking resistors between the DC intermediate circuits, and a braking unit control using circulating currents.
- the converter consists of at least two partial converters a and b (or more than two partial converters, then the explanations apply accordingly).
- At least one AC output of the inverter is connected.
- a (different) offset common mode voltage
- a voltage Uab different from zero is produced between the intermediate circuits. Since the intermediate circuits of both inverters are in turn connected via braking resistors, a circulating current flows through the braking resistors. This is shown in FIG.
- the structure basically corresponds to that of FIG. 3k, but different offset voltages are generated at the AC inputs or outputs in relation to FIG. 3I, whereas for FIG. 3k the generation, in particular the direct generation, of different intermediate circuit voltages was provided. According to one embodiment, these variants can also be combined.
- the connection of the intermediate circuits with braking resistors in connection with different offset voltages for the partial converters coupled on the AC side is therefore proposed.
- one embodiment provides for a coupling only on one AC side, as shown in FIG. 3m.
- FIG. 3n Such an embodiment with the possibility of feeding additional consumers from both intermediate circuits is shown in FIG. 3n.
- Another embodiment relates to an AC-AC converter, consisting of two partial converters, coupled on the DC side with braking resistors between the AC outputs, and braking unit control using circulating currents.
- the converter consists of at least two partial converters a and b (or more than two partial converters, then the explanations apply accordingly).
- the DC intermediate circuits are connected.
- a (different) offset common-mode voltage
- a voltage that differs from zero is created between the AC outputs. Since the AC outputs of both inverters are connected via braking resistors, a circulating current flows through the braking resistors.
- FIG. 3o illustrates a corresponding structure with control of the braking unit by means of different offset voltages on the converter output voltages in converters coupled on the DC side with braking resistors between the AC outputs.
- the resistors can also be arranged on both AC sides.
- Another embodiment with varistors instead of linear resistors can also be implemented here.
- the AC-side outputs, for which no braking resistors are used, can also be coupled.
- FIG. 3p shows an embodiment with additional coupling on an AC side.
- the braking resistor is arranged between the star points of the loads (or sources).
- Figure 3q shows such an embodiment with a braking resistor between the star points of the load.
- Another embodiment relates to an AC-AC converter, consisting of two partial converters, coupled on the AC side, with braking resistors between the AC outputs, and braking unit control using circulating currents.
- the converter consists of at least two partial converters a and b (or more than two partial converters, then the explanations apply accordingly).
- the AC outputs of a partial converter are connected.
- a (different) offset common-mode voltage
- a voltage different from zero is created between the AC outputs of the other partial converter. Since the AC outputs of these two converters are connected via braking resistors, a circulating current flows through the braking resistors.
- FIG. 3r shows such a structure with control of the braking unit by means of different offset voltages on the converter output voltages with coupling on one AC side with braking resistors between the outputs on the other AC side.
- An embodiment with varistors instead of linear resistors can also be implemented here.
- Another embodiment relates to an AC-AC converter with a braking resistor at the star point of the load.
- the braking resistor is connected between the star point of the load and the center point of the intermediate circuit.
- a common mode voltage on the AC output voltage causes a current through the braking resistor, but also a common mode current through the load (or source).
- FIG. 3s and FIG. 3t each show a variant of a structure with a braking resistor between the star point of the load and the center point or other connection point of the intermediate circuit.
- a further embodiment relates to a DC-AC converter, consisting of two partial converters, coupled on the DC side, with braking resistors between the AC outputs, and a braking unit control using circulating currents.
- This embodiment considers a DC-AC converter. It is assumed that the converter consists of at least two partial converters a and b (or more than two partial converters, then the explanations apply accordingly).
- the DC sides of the partial converters are connected.
- a (different) offset common-mode voltage
- a voltage that differs from zero is created between the AC outputs. Since the AC outputs of both partial inverters are connected via braking resistors, a circulating current flows through the braking resistors.
- This embodiment therefore proposes a connection of the AC outputs of the converters with braking resistors in connection with different offset voltages for the partial converters coupled on the DC side.
- FIG. 3u shows such a structure with control of the braking unit by means of different offset voltages on the converter output voltages in converters coupled on the DC side with braking resistors between the AC outputs.
- a further embodiment relates to a DC-AC converter, consisting of two partial converters, coupled on the AC side, with braking resistors between the DC outputs, and a braking unit control using circulating currents.
- This embodiment again considers a DC-AC converter. It is assumed that the converter consists of at least two partial converters a and b (or more than two partial converters, then the explanations apply accordingly).
- the AC outputs of the partial inverters are connected.
- a (different) offset common-mode voltage
- a non-zero voltage is created between the DC outputs. Since the DC outputs of both partial converters are connected via braking resistors, a circulating current flows through the braking resistors.
- a connection of the DC outputs of the converters with braking resistors in connection with different offset voltages for the partial converters coupled on the AC side is therefore proposed.
- An embodiment with varistors instead of linear resistors can also be implemented here, as can an embodiment for feeding additional consumers.
- FIG. 3v shows a structure with control of the braking unit by means of different offset voltages on the converter output voltages in the case of converters coupled in an AC-soapy manner with braking resistors between the DC outputs.
- FIG. 3w shows an embodiment with the possibility of feeding additional loads from both DC outputs.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019108409.1A DE102019108409A1 (de) | 2019-04-01 | 2019-04-01 | Windenergieanlage mit einer Wechselrichtereinrichtung zum Erzeugen einer Wechselspannung sowie entsprechendes Verfahren |
| PCT/EP2020/059203 WO2020201323A1 (de) | 2019-04-01 | 2020-04-01 | Windenergieanlage mit einer wechselrichtereinrichtung zum erzeugen einer wechselspannung sowie entsprechendes verfahren |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3949101A1 true EP3949101A1 (de) | 2022-02-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20716458.3A Pending EP3949101A1 (de) | 2019-04-01 | 2020-04-01 | Windenergieanlage mit einer wechselrichtereinrichtung zum erzeugen einer wechselspannung sowie entsprechendes verfahren |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20220166336A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3949101A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019108409A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020201323A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4436027A1 (de) * | 2023-03-23 | 2024-09-25 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Zwischenkreisspannungsregelung für elektrische stromrichter mit mehreren abzweigungen |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2349161C3 (de) * | 1973-09-29 | 1978-09-21 | Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim | Anordnung zum Schutz eines von einem Gleichspannungszwischenkreis gespeisten selbstgeführten Wechselrichters |
| CH581714A5 (de) * | 1974-05-20 | 1976-11-15 | Rieter Ag Maschf | |
| DE102007003172B4 (de) * | 2006-08-08 | 2011-06-01 | Siemens Ag | Dieselelektrisches Antriebssystem |
| DE102009017023A1 (de) * | 2009-04-14 | 2010-10-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Antriebssystem für eine Anlage mit einem Wechselspannungsinselnetz |
| DE102012209903A1 (de) * | 2012-06-13 | 2013-12-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zum Schalten in einem Gleichspannungsnetz |
| EP3252927B1 (de) * | 2016-05-31 | 2020-04-15 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Segmentierte armaturanordnung |
-
2019
- 2019-04-01 DE DE102019108409.1A patent/DE102019108409A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-04-01 WO PCT/EP2020/059203 patent/WO2020201323A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-04-01 US US17/600,018 patent/US20220166336A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-04-01 EP EP20716458.3A patent/EP3949101A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2020201323A1 (de) | 2020-10-08 |
| US20220166336A1 (en) | 2022-05-26 |
| DE102019108409A1 (de) | 2020-10-01 |
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