EP3947776A1 - Welding method using coated abrasive particles, coated abrasive particles, coating system and sealing system - Google Patents

Welding method using coated abrasive particles, coated abrasive particles, coating system and sealing system

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Publication number
EP3947776A1
EP3947776A1 EP20725084.6A EP20725084A EP3947776A1 EP 3947776 A1 EP3947776 A1 EP 3947776A1 EP 20725084 A EP20725084 A EP 20725084A EP 3947776 A1 EP3947776 A1 EP 3947776A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
layer
abrasive particles
coated abrasive
matrix material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20725084.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Johannes Döhnert
Francis Ladru
Andre Mehlhorn
Thorsten Schulz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3947776A1 publication Critical patent/EP3947776A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
    • C09K3/1436—Composite particles, e.g. coated particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/04—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of turbine blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/327—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C comprising refractory compounds, e.g. carbides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0068—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
    • B22F2003/242—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
    • C22C2026/003—Cubic boron nitrides only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
    • C22C2026/006—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes with additional metal compounds being carbides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a welding method that uses particles, in which a hard material layer is applied around abrasive particles such as cubic boron nitride (cBN) and protects against oxidation during welding, a layer system and a sealing system.
  • abrasive particles such as cubic boron nitride (cBN)
  • the optimal gap in gas turbines or aircraft engines has a decisive influence on the efficiency and performance of these machines.
  • An established system for setting this is a rub-in layer on the housing side / stator (e.g. honeycombs) into which the rotating parts (e.g. turbine blades, rotor) rub themselves.
  • the optimum gap is ground in regardless of manufacturing tolerances, asymmetrical housing deformation, rotor displacement, etc.
  • cBN does not bond particularly well with other materials.
  • the embedding material (matrix) for the turbine area must be resistant to high temperatures. Embeddings in e.g. Resin derivatives such as those used in the manufacture of abrasives (US 2013/004938 Al) are therefore not possible.
  • US Pat. No. 8,308,830 B2 discloses coated particles made of cubic boron nitride which have two layers of coatings.
  • US 4,399,167 discloses the metallic coating of abrasive particles.
  • No. 10,183,312 B2 discloses coated abrasive particles with a soldering layer, this soldering layer representing the matrix of the layer to be produced.
  • the embedding matrix is not particularly corrosion-resistant.
  • the layer thickness cannot be set arbitrarily.
  • the object is achieved by a particle according to claim 1, a method according to claim 4, a layer system according to claim 7 and a sealing system according to claim 10.
  • the solution has three aspects:
  • the coating has increased hot gas corrosion resistance.
  • the functional layer can therefore still fulfill its function even after many hundreds of operating hours.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an exemplary particle that was applied in an exemplary layer system according to FIG.
  • FIG. 1 shows a coated particle 4, in particular cubic boron nitride (cBN), which has a blocky part of an abrasive material, in this case cubic boron nitride, in its interior, and has a coating 7 and thus forms the particle 1.
  • cBN cubic boron nitride
  • the abrasive particle 4 is encased in a casing 7 made of a hard material compound, such as preferably a carbide, in particular titanium carbide (TiC).
  • a hard material compound such as preferably a carbide, in particular titanium carbide (TiC).
  • Such particles 1 can be used in the build-up welding process, these coated abrasive particles 4 with the other metallic powder, preferably with one
  • Nickel-based or a cobalt-based superalloy as well a NiCoCrAlY alloy are mixed or pressed or processed in a wire that is used in build-up welding.
  • the matrix material is different from the abrasive particle 4 and its casing 7 because it is metallic, i. preferably represents a metallic alloy before.
  • a layer system 10 according to FIG. 2 can be produced, in which a component 10, preferably a turbine component, a substrate 13 has a surface 14 on which 13 or 14 has a layer 16 has been applied with the particles.
  • the particles 1 are completely in the layer 16 within the matrix or protrude from the layer 16.
  • the layer 16 is then preferably applied only to the blade tip of a turbine blade.
  • the turbine rotor blade can and generally will also have metallic and / or ceramic coatings on the blade and / or the blade platform, but these do not have the particles 1.
  • the stator or the housing of a turbine also has a protective coating into which this abrasive layer 16 rubs.
  • the coating on the housing or stator can only be metallic, only kera mixed or have a layer system of metallic adhesion promoter layer and outer ceramic layer.
  • the layers or the layer system of the housing are designed such that they are mechanically softer than the abrasive layer 16, so that grinding is possible. This can be achieved through the composition of the metallic or ceramic coating and / or also through setting the porosity of the layer or layers.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The use of coated cubic boron nitride allows the trouble-free use of said particles in deposition welding.

Description

Schweißverfahren mit ummantelten abrasiven Teilchen, ummanteltes abrasives Teilchen, Schichtsystem und Welding process with coated abrasive particles, coated abrasive particles, layer system and
DichtungsSystem Sealing system
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schweißverfahren, das Teilchen verwendet, bei dem eine HartstoffSchicht um abrasive Partikel wie kubisches Bornitrid (cBN) aufgebracht wird und vor Oxida tion während des Schweißens schützt, ein Schichtsystem und ein Dichtungssystem. The invention relates to a welding method that uses particles, in which a hard material layer is applied around abrasive particles such as cubic boron nitride (cBN) and protects against oxidation during welding, a layer system and a sealing system.
Der optimale Spalt in Gasturbinen oder Flugzeugtriebwerken hat einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf Wirkungsgrad und Per formance dieser Maschinen. Ein etabliertes System, um diesen einzustellen, ist eine Einreibeschicht auf Gehäuseseite/Sta tor (z.B. Honeycombs), in welche die rotierenden Teile (z.B. Turbinenschaufeln, Rotor) sich einreiben. The optimal gap in gas turbines or aircraft engines has a decisive influence on the efficiency and performance of these machines. An established system for setting this is a rub-in layer on the housing side / stator (e.g. honeycombs) into which the rotating parts (e.g. turbine blades, rotor) rub themselves.
Dadurch wird unabhängig von Fertigungstoleranzen, asymmetri scher Gehäuseverformung, Rotorverschiebung, etc. der optimale Spalt eingeschliffen. As a result, the optimum gap is ground in regardless of manufacturing tolerances, asymmetrical housing deformation, rotor displacement, etc.
Des Weiteren ist das Panzern der Schaufelspitzen mit kubi schem Bornitrid (cBN) , um die Schaufelspitzen beim Einreiben zu schützen, bekannt: US 2015/0377039 Al. Furthermore, the armoring of the blade tips with cubic boron nitride (cBN) in order to protect the blade tips when rubbing in is known: US 2015/0377039 Al.
Die Applikation des cBN ist allerdings problematisch, da cBN nicht besonders gut Bindungen mit anderen Materialien ein geht. Des Weiteren muss für den Turbinenbereich das einbet tende Material (Matrix) hochtemperaturbeständig sein. Einbet tungen in z.B. Harz-Derivaten wie im Schleifmittelbau (US 2013/004938 Al) ist daher nicht möglich. The application of the cBN is problematic, however, because cBN does not bond particularly well with other materials. Furthermore, the embedding material (matrix) for the turbine area must be resistant to high temperatures. Embeddings in e.g. Resin derivatives such as those used in the manufacture of abrasives (US 2013/004938 Al) are therefore not possible.
Die US 8,308,830 B2 offenbart beschichtete Partikel aus kubi schen Bornitrid, die zwei Lagen von Beschichtungen aufweisen. US Pat. No. 8,308,830 B2 discloses coated particles made of cubic boron nitride which have two layers of coatings.
Die US 4,399,167 offenbart die metallische Beschichtung von abrasiven Partikeln. Die US 10,183,312 B2 offenbart beschichtete abrasive Partikel mit einer Lötschicht, wobei diese Lötschicht die Matrix der herzustellenden Schicht darstellt. US 4,399,167 discloses the metallic coating of abrasive particles. No. 10,183,312 B2 discloses coated abrasive particles with a soldering layer, this soldering layer representing the matrix of the layer to be produced.
Bekannte Fertigungsverfahren sind die galvanische Applikation oder das induktive Auflöten mittels spezieller cBN Tapes. Beides ist kostenintensiv und technisch komplex. Well-known manufacturing processes are galvanic application or inductive soldering using special cBN tapes. Both are costly and technically complex.
Nachteilig ist allerdings, dass bei beiden Verfahren die ein bettende Matrix nicht besondere korrosionsbeständig ist. However, it is disadvantageous that in both processes the embedding matrix is not particularly corrosion-resistant.
Außerdem kann die Schichtdicke nicht beliebig eingestellt werden . In addition, the layer thickness cannot be set arbitrarily.
Man nahm die Heißgaskorrosion und das damit einhergehende Korrodieren des cBN innerhalb der ersten hundert Betriebs stunden in Kauf. The hot gas corrosion and the associated corroding of the cBN within the first hundred operating hours were accepted.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung oben genanntes Problem zu lösen . It is therefore the object of the invention to solve the above-mentioned problem.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Partikel gemäß Anspruch 1, ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 4, ein Schichtsystem gemäß An spruch 7 und ein Dichtungssystem gemäß Anspruch 10. The object is achieved by a particle according to claim 1, a method according to claim 4, a layer system according to claim 7 and a sealing system according to claim 10.
Die Lösung weist drei Aspekte auf: The solution has three aspects:
• Neues korrosionsbeständiges Matrixmaterial MCrAlY. • New corrosion-resistant matrix material MCrAlY.
• MCrAlY wird mittels Laserauftragsschweißen aufgebracht. • MCrAlY is applied by means of laser deposition welding.
• Geänderte cBN Partikel (Schutzmantel) • Changed cBN particles (protective jacket)
Die Experimente haben gezeigt, dass pures cBN die erfor derlichen Temperaturen im Laserstrahl nicht unbeschadet überstehen. Nur durch den Einsatz von Heißgasbeständigen Karbid-Ummantelungen wie insbesondere TiC übersteht das cBN die Verweildauer im Laserstrahl unbeschadet. • Durch den Einsatz der Schutz-Ummantelung ist Laserauf tragsschweißen von cBN verstärkten Beschichtungen über haupt erst möglich. The experiments have shown that pure cBN cannot withstand the temperatures required in the laser beam unscathed. Only through the use of hot gas-resistant carbide coatings such as TiC in particular does the cBN survive the dwell time in the laser beam undamaged. • Laser build-up welding of cBN reinforced coatings is only possible through the use of the protective coating.
• Die Beschichtung hat durch das besondere Matrixmaterial eine erhöhte Heißgas-Korrosionsbeständigkeit. Die Funkti onsschicht kann somit auch nach vielen hundert Betriebs stunden noch ihre Funktion erfüllen. • Due to the special matrix material, the coating has increased hot gas corrosion resistance. The functional layer can therefore still fulfill its function even after many hundreds of operating hours.
• Laserauftragsschweißen ermöglicht eine freiere Definition der Schichtdicke: von 0,1mm bis mehrere Millimeter sind möglich . • Laser deposition welding enables the layer thickness to be defined more freely: from 0.1mm to several millimeters are possible.
• Sehr gute Anbindung der cBN-Körner in der Matrix durch • Very good connection of the cBN grains in the matrix
„bindungsfreudige" Ummantelung (TiC) der cBN-Partikel . "Bond-friendly" coating (TiC) of the cBN particles.
Die Figur 1 zeigt schematisch ein beispielhaftes Partikel, das in einer beispielhaften Schichtsystem gemäß Figur 2 auf getragen wurde. FIG. 1 shows schematically an exemplary particle that was applied in an exemplary layer system according to FIG.
Die Figuren und die Beschreibung stellen nur Ausführungsbei spiele der Erfindung dar. The figures and the description are only exemplary embodiments of the invention.
Die Figur 1 zeigt ein ummanteltes Partikel 4, insbesondere kubisches Bornitrid (cBN) , das im Inneren ein blockiges Teil chen eines abrasiven Materials, hier kubisches Bornitrid auf weist, insbesondere daraus besteht, und eine Ummantelung 7 aufweist und so das Teilchen 1 bildet. FIG. 1 shows a coated particle 4, in particular cubic boron nitride (cBN), which has a blocky part of an abrasive material, in this case cubic boron nitride, in its interior, and has a coating 7 and thus forms the particle 1.
Zum Schutz vor Oxidation beim Laserauftragschweißverfahren ist das abrasive Teilchen 4 mit einer Ummantelung 7 aus einer Hartstoffverbindung, wie vorzugsweise einem Karbid, ganz ins besondere Titancarbid (TiC) , ummantelt. To protect against oxidation in the laser deposition welding process, the abrasive particle 4 is encased in a casing 7 made of a hard material compound, such as preferably a carbide, in particular titanium carbide (TiC).
Solche Teilchen 1 können beim Auftragschweißverfahren verwen det werden, wobei diese ummantelten abrasiven Partikel 4 mit dem anderen metallischen Pulver, vorzugsweise mit einer Such particles 1 can be used in the build-up welding process, these coated abrasive particles 4 with the other metallic powder, preferably with one
Nickelbasis- oder einer Kobaltbasis-Superlegierung sowie einer NiCoCrAlY-Legierung vermischt sind oder in einem Draht verpresst oder verarbeitet sein, der in einem Auftragschwei ßen verwendet wird. Nickel-based or a cobalt-based superalloy as well a NiCoCrAlY alloy are mixed or pressed or processed in a wire that is used in build-up welding.
NiCoCrAlY bedeutet NiCoCrAlY + X mit Zusätzen von X = Tantal (Ta), Aluminium (Al), Silizium (Si) und/oder Eisen (Fe). NiCoCrAlY means NiCoCrAlY + X with additions of X = tantalum (Ta), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si) and / or iron (Fe).
Diese Auflistung ist vorzugsweise abschließend. This list is preferably exhaustive.
Das Matrixmaterial ist verschieden von dem abrasiven Partikel 4 und dessen Ummantelung 7, da es metallische ist, d.h. vor zugsweise eine metallische Legierung darstellt. The matrix material is different from the abrasive particle 4 and its casing 7 because it is metallic, i. preferably represents a metallic alloy before.
Die Verwendung in einem SLM oder SLS Pulverbett-Verfahren ist auch möglich. Use in an SLM or SLS powder bed process is also possible.
Mittels eines solchen Schweißverfahrens und solcher Teilchen 1 gemäß Figur 1 kann ein Schichtsystem 10 gemäß Figur 2 her gestellt werden, bei dem ein Bauteil 10, vorzugsweise ein Turbinenbauteil, ein Substrat 13 eine Oberfläche 14 aufweist, auf dem 13 oder auf der 14 eine Schicht 16 mit den Teilchen aufgetragen worden ist. Die Teilchen 1 sind vollkommen in der Schicht 16 innerhalb der Matrix oder ragen aus der Schicht 16 heraus . By means of such a welding process and such particles 1 according to FIG. 1, a layer system 10 according to FIG. 2 can be produced, in which a component 10, preferably a turbine component, a substrate 13 has a surface 14 on which 13 or 14 has a layer 16 has been applied with the particles. The particles 1 are completely in the layer 16 within the matrix or protrude from the layer 16.
Die Schicht 16 ist in einem solchen Dichtungssystem dann vor zugsweise nur auf der Schaufelspitze einer Turbinenlaufschau fel aufgebracht. In such a sealing system, the layer 16 is then preferably applied only to the blade tip of a turbine blade.
Die Turbinenlaufschaufel kann und wird in der Regel bei Gas turbinen auf dem Schaufelblatt und/oder der Schaufelplattform ebenfalls metallische und/oder keramische Beschichtungen auf weisen, die aber nicht die Teilchen 1 aufweisen. In the case of gas turbines, the turbine rotor blade can and generally will also have metallic and / or ceramic coatings on the blade and / or the blade platform, but these do not have the particles 1.
Der Stator oder das Gehäuses einer Turbine, insbesondere einer Gasturbine, weist auch eine Schutzbeschichtung auf, in die sich diese abrasive Schicht 16 einreibt. Die Beschichtung auf dem Gehäuse oder Stator kann nur metallisch, nur kera misch sein oder ein Schichtsystem aus metallischer Haftver mittlerschicht und äußerer keramischer Schicht aufweisen. Die Schichten oder das Schichtsystem des Gehäuses sind so ausgebildet, dass sie mechanisch weicher sind als die abrasi ve Schicht 16, so dass ein Einschleifen möglich ist. Dies kann durch die Zusammensetzung der metallischen oder kerami- sehen Beschichtung und/oder auch durch Einstellung der Poro sitäten der Schicht oder der Schichten erzielt werden. The stator or the housing of a turbine, in particular a gas turbine, also has a protective coating into which this abrasive layer 16 rubs. The coating on the housing or stator can only be metallic, only kera mixed or have a layer system of metallic adhesion promoter layer and outer ceramic layer. The layers or the layer system of the housing are designed such that they are mechanically softer than the abrasive layer 16, so that grinding is possible. This can be achieved through the composition of the metallic or ceramic coating and / or also through setting the porosity of the layer or layers.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Teilchen ( 1 ) , 1. Particle (1),
das ein mit einer Hartstoffverbindung ummanteltes abrasives Partikel ( 4 ) , an abrasive particle (4) coated with a hard material compound,
insbesondere ein kubisches Bornitrid-Partikel (4), in particular a cubic boron nitride particle (4),
aufweist . having .
2. Teilchen nach Anspruch 1, 2. Particles according to claim 1,
bei dem die Hartstoffverbindung der Ummantelung (7) ein Karbid, in which the hard material connection of the casing (7) is a carbide,
insbesondere Titankarbid, especially titanium carbide,
aufweist . having .
3. Teilchen nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. Particles according to claim 1 or 2,
bei dem nur eine Schicht oder nur eine Ummantelung (7), insbesondere aus nur einem Material um das abrasive Parti kel (4), in which only one layer or only one casing (7), in particular made of only one material, around the abrasive particle (4),
insbesondere um das kubische Bornitrid-Partikel, especially about the cubic boron nitride particle,
vorhanden ist. is available.
4. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schicht (16), 4. A method for producing a layer (16),
bei dem Teilchen (1) gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprü che 1, 2 oder 3 verwendet werden. in which the particles (1) according to one or more of claims 1, 2 or 3 are used.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, 5. The method according to claim 4,
bei dem die Teilchen (1) mit einem metallischen Matrixmate rial (15) vermengt werden oder sind in which the particles (1) are or are mixed with a metallic matrix material (15)
und aufgebracht werden. and applied.
6. Verfahren nach einem oder beiden der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, bei dem ein Auftragschweißverfahren, 6. The method according to one or both of claims 4 or 5, in which a surfacing process,
insbesondere ein Pulverauftragschweißverfahren verwendet wird, in particular a powder deposition welding process is used,
bei dem ein Matrixmaterial (15) mit den Teilchen (1), insbesondere in Pulverform, in which a matrix material (15) with the particles (1), in particular in powder form,
zusammen aufgebracht wird. is applied together.
7. Schichtsystem (10), 7th shift system (10),
aufweisend ein Substrat (13), having a substrate (13),
insbesondere ein metallisches Substrat (13), in particular a metallic substrate (13),
auf dem zumindest teilweise und höchstens teilweise eine on the at least partially and at most partially one
Schicht (16) mit Teilchen (1) gemäß einem oder mehreren derLayer (16) with particles (1) according to one or more of
Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3 Claim 1, 2 or 3
in einem Matrixmaterial (15) vorhanden ist, is present in a matrix material (15),
insbesondere hergestellt durch ein Verfahren gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 4, 5 oder 6. in particular produced by a method according to one or more of claims 4, 5 or 6.
8. Verfahren oder Schichtsystem nach einem oder zwei der Ansprüche 5, 6 oder 7, 8. The method or layer system according to one or two of claims 5, 6 or 7,
bei dem das Matrixmaterial NiCoCrAlY-X aufweist, in which the matrix material comprises NiCoCrAlY-X,
(X = Si, Re, Ta, Fe) , (X = Si, Re, Ta, Fe),
insbesondere daraus besteht. in particular consists of it.
9. Verfahren oder Schichtsystem nach einem oder zwei der Ansprüche 5, 6 oder 7, 9. The method or layer system according to one or two of claims 5, 6 or 7,
bei dem das Matrixmaterial eine nickel- oder kobaltbasierte Superlegierung darstellt. in which the matrix material is a nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy.
10. Dichtungssystem aus Stator und Laufschaufei aufweisend ein Schichtsystem nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, 10. Sealing system of stator and rotor blade having a layer system according to claim 7 or 8,
insbesondere auf einer Laufschaufei . especially on a rotor blade.
EP20725084.6A 2019-05-20 2020-04-20 Welding method using coated abrasive particles, coated abrasive particles, coating system and sealing system Pending EP3947776A1 (en)

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DE102019207350.6A DE102019207350A1 (en) 2019-05-20 2019-05-20 Welding process with coated abrasive particles, coated abrasive particles, layer system and sealing system
PCT/EP2020/060951 WO2020233919A1 (en) 2019-05-20 2020-04-20 Welding method using coated abrasive particles, coated abrasive particles, coating system and sealing system

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WO (1) WO2020233919A1 (en)

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US20220213366A1 (en) 2022-07-07
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JP7379535B2 (en) 2023-11-14
DE102019207350A1 (en) 2020-11-26

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