EP3935985A1

EP3935985A1 - Ski boot system

Info

Publication number: EP3935985A1
Application number: EP21166660.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: John Erik Svensson
Original assignee: Madshus AS
Current assignee: Madshus AS
Priority date: 2020-07-09
Filing date: 2021-04-01
Publication date: 2022-01-12
Also published as: EP3935984A1; EP3935984B1; SI3935984T1

Abstract

A ski boot system comprising:a ski boot with a sole (1),a first connecting structure (10) for securing the ski boot to a first ski binding of a first ski, anda second connecting structure (20) for securing the ski boot to a second ski binding of a second ski,the first connecting structure (10) or the second connecting structure (20) mounted on the sole (1),the first connecting structure (10), if mounted, defining a lateral first pivot axis (A) for pivoting the ski boot about the first pivot axis (A) relative to the first ski, andthe second connecting structure (20), if mounted, defining a lateral second pivot axis (B) for pivoting the ski boot about the second pivot axis (B) relative to the second ski,wherein the sole (1) comprises a first mounting area (15) for the first connecting structure (10) and a second mounting area (25) for the second connecting structure (20).

Description

The invention relates to a ski boot system comprising a ski boot and at least two connecting structures each for securing the ski boot to a binding of a ski or board. The ski boot system, i.e. the ski boot and the connecting structures, may in particular be configured for Nordic skiing and any closely related sports such as roller skiing. As a Nordic ski boot system it may advantageously be configured for classic cross-country skiing and/or skate skiing and/or roller skiing. A Nordic ski boot system can, as an alternative, be configured for light touring skiing which involves cross-country skis and Nordic touring boots which are slightly wider in the lateral direction than the skis and boots for classic cross-country skiing.
Nordic ski boots are secured to the ski binding and via the ski binding to the ski such that the ski boot can pivot about a pivot axis located in the forefoot region of the ski boot. The skiing experience is affected by where and how the ski boot is secured to the ski via the ski binding. Locating the pivot axis closer to the ski boot tip increases the gliding length for each kick. Moving the pivot axis rearwards makes it easier to maintain or increase the cadence. The optimal position of the pivot axis depends on external factors, such as the profile of the terrain and snow conditions, and individual factors, such as the skier's size, body weight, body strength and experience. A single ski boot can hardly meet the various and sometimes contradicting demands resulting from the different external conditions and personal factors.
In an effort to meet at least part of the demands US 2012/0151801 A1 proposes a ski boot in combination with a connecting structure that comprises a first rod and a second rod spaced from one another in the longitudinal direction of the ski boot. The connecting structure is releasably mounted on the sole of the ski boot by means of a screw connection. The connecting structure can be mounted with either the first rod or the second rod in front of the respective other rod by turning the connecting structure accordingly. Securement to the ski binding is made with the forward rod. The forward rod does accordingly define the pivot axis of the ski boot. The rods are asymmetrically positioned with respect to the longitudinal direction. The position of the pivot axis, defined by the forward rod, can be varied by turning the connecting structure by 180 ° and/or shifting it in the longitudinal direction between a more forward and a more rearward position. The known connecting structure has a large extent in the longitudinal direction not the least for the longitudinally spaced apart rods. This limits the extent to which the position of the pivot axis can be changed by shifting the connecting structure in the longitudinal direction. By turning the connecting structure the pivot axis can also only be positioned backwards to a small extent because the portion of the connecting structure which becomes to lay in front of the forward pivot axis will limit the degree to which the ski boot can pivot when secured to the ski binding.
It is an object to increase the flexibility in terms of axial positioning of the pivot axis of ski boots for Nordic skiing and/or roller skiing with little or no modification to the sole of the ski boots.
Another object is to create a ski boot system for Nordic skiing and/or roller skiing, the system comprising a ski boot having a sole that can be used with connecting structures of the system that differ with respect to the position of the pivot axis of the ski boot, wherein the sole does not need to be changed or as little as possible for this purpose.
Another goal may be to facilitate the positioning of the pivot axis in ski boots for Nordic skiing in a large axial area of the ski boot.
A still further object is to provide a ski boot system which comprises a ski boot with a sole which enables the pivot axis to be placed either in a front position or in a rear position, the rear position being further back than in the case of the ski boots of the prior art.
It is desirable to have a ski boot sole that can be used with Nordic ski and/or roller ski bindings of various designs.
The invention is directed to a ski boot system comprising a ski boot and at least two connecting structures, namely, a first connecting structure for securing the ski boot to a first binding of a first ski or roller skiing and a second connecting structure for securing the ski boot to a second binding of a second ski or roller ski. The first connecting structure and the second connecting structure are separate and can be mounted independently from one another on the ski boot sole. The first connecting structure or the second connecting structure is mounted on the sole. The terms "ski" and "ski binding" include both skis and ski bindings for gliding on snow and roller skis and their bindings.
The ski boot comprises a sole having a sole forefoot portion and a sole heel portion located along a longitudinal axis of the ski boot. The first connecting structure, if mounted, defines a lateral first pivot axis below the sole forefoot portion for pivoting the ski boot about the first pivot axis relative to the first ski. The first pivot axis intersects the longitudinal axis, as seen in a plan view onto the sole. The second connecting structure, if mounted, defines a lateral second pivot axis for pivoting the ski boot about the second pivot axis relative to the second ski or board. The second pivot axis intersects the longitudinal axis of the ski boot, in the plan view, in front of the first pivot axis. This does not mean that the first connecting structure has to be mounted. Typically, the first connecting structure and the second connecting structure are not mounted at the same time.
If secured to the first or second ski binding the ski boot is secured to the respective binding in the respective pivot axis. The first pivot axis is fixed vertically and/or in the longitudinal direction relative to the toe piece of the first ski binding when the ski boot is secured to the first ski binding. The second pivot axis is fixed vertically and/or in the longitudinal direction relative to the toe piece of the second ski binding when the ski boot is secured to the second ski binding. The engagement of the respective connecting structure and the toe piece of the associated ski binding can be designed in such a way that the ski boot is fixed with respect to any translational movement relative to the toe piece, apart from movements due to any play in the engagement. In advantageous embodiments, the engagement enables a rotary movement only about the respective pivot axis.
The sole comprises a downward facing first mounting area for mounting the first connecting structure in surface contact with the first mounting area and a downward facing second mounting area for mounting the second connecting structure in surface contact with the second mounting area. The second mounting area is axially further forward than the first mounting area.
By providing a separate first connecting structure and a separate second connecting structure and shaping the ski boot sole in such a way that a first mounting area for the first connecting structure and a second mounting area for the second connecting structure are obtained on the underside of the sole, the different demands for the axial position of the pivot axis can be flexibly fulfilled by simply selecting and mounting the first or the second connecting structure.
Depending on which of the connecting structures is mounted the ski boot may differ not only with respect to the axial position of the pivot axis. The invention enables a higher degree of diversity. The second connecting structure may be designed to engage with a conventional Nordic ski binding. It may comprise a base for surface contact with the second mounting area of the sole and an engaging member, such as a rod, which extends laterally between sidebars of the base. The sidebars keep the engaging member spaced from the underside of the sole and may be connected via the engaging member to form the second connecting structure as a mounting unit.
More generally, the second connecting structure may comprise a second base with a contact surface for contacting the second mounting area of the sole and one or more engaging members for pivoting engagement with a toe piece of the second ski binding. When engaged the one or more engaging members of the second connecting structure form a pivot joint with the toe piece of the second ski binding, the second pivot axis being the rotary axis of the pivot joint. If the second connecting structure comprises only one engaging member, for example a lateral rod, this engaging member defines the second pivot axis. If the second connecting structure comprises two or more engaging members all these engaging members together may define the second pivot axis. The sidebars mentioned above may constitute the second base. The second base may however be provided in addition and the sidebars protrude from such a second base.
The first connecting structure may comprise a first base with a contact surface for contacting the first mounting area of the sole and one or more engaging members for pivoting engagement with a toe piece of the first ski binding. When engaged the one or more engaging members of the first connecting structure form a pivot joint with the toe piece of the first ski binding, the first pivot axis being the rotary axis of the pivot joint. If the first connecting structure comprises only one engaging member this engaging member defines the first pivot axis. If the first connecting structure comprises two or more engaging members all these engaging members together may define the first pivot axis.
The first connecting structure may comprise, for example, a left engaging member and a right engaging member. The engaging members are laterally aligned to form the first pivot axis. They may be movable, relative to the first base, in the lateral direction. The first connecting structure may comprise one or more spring members. The one or more spring members may tension the left engaging member to the left and the right engaging member to the right, that is to say laterally outward, so that the engaging members can move laterally towards one another against the restoring force of the one or more spring members. The engaging members can for example be formed each as an engaging pin or ball.
The first connecting structure may comprise a bearing structure that protrudes from the first base in a direction transverse to the respective pivot axis and carries the one or more engaging members for engagement with the toe piece of the first ski binding. The bearing structure may also carry the one or more spring members, if present. The base may have a platelike shape. The base may comprise a front mounting region in front of the bearing structure and a rear mounting region behind the bearing structure, the mounting regions being flat compared to the bearing structure. The base may comprise fastening elements, such as through-holes for screws, pins or rivets. At least one of these fastening elements may be arranged in the front mounting region and at least another one may be arranged in the rear mounting region. The bearing structure creates or increases the distance between the first pivot axis and the sole. It is however desirable to have the pivot axis close to the underside of the sole. The bearing structure may carry the left engaging member and the right engaging member mentioned above. The left engaging member and the right engaging member may protrude laterally from the bearing structure and be supported by the bearing structure movably in the lateral direction towards each other against the restoring force of the one or more spring members for a releasable locking engagement with the toe piece of the first ski binding. The left engaging member and the right engaging member may alternatively be formed by or joint to the bearing structure so that the respective engaging member is immovable relative to the bearing structure. The immovable engaging members may be provided each as a lateral cavity or as a lateral protrusion.
The first connecting structure does in advantageous embodiments comprise one or more engaging members to define the first pivot axis and no further engaging member for defining a further pivot axis axially offset from the first pivot axis. The second connecting structure does in advantageous embodiments comprise one or more engaging members only to define the second pivot axis and no further engaging member for defining a further pivot axis axially offset from the second pivot axis. A connecting structure that only defines one pivot axis favors a compact design. It can be kept shorter than connecting structures with axially offset engaging members. The ski boot system of the invention can accordingly cover a larger axial area for the position of the pivot axis.
The first connecting structure may be provided as a mounting unit and/or the second connecting structure may be provided as a mounting unit. The respective mounting unit comprises all components required to secure the ski boot to the corresponding ski binding, such as a base for surface contact with the mounting area and fastening to the ski boot sole, and one or more engaging members for the pivotal engagement with a toe piece of the ski binding.
The first connecting structure and/or the second connecting structure may comprise a base, as for example a first base and/or second base as mentioned above. The respective base may comprise one or more fastening elements, such as one or more through-holes or deepenings and/or one or more protrusions extending in a direction transverse to the respective pivot axis, for jointing the respective connecting structure to the sole by means of a form and/or force fit.
The ski boot may be configured to allow the manufacturer or even the skier to mount either the first or the second connecting structure. The ski boot may be configured for replacement of one of the connecting structures by the respective other one. The ski boot may be configured to allow the manufacturer or even the skier to non-destructively demount one of the connecting structures and mount the respective other one.
The first connecting structure may comprise a contact surface conformed to the first mounting area of the sole and/or the second connecting structure may comprise a contact surface conformed to the second mounting area of the sole for making the respective surface contact. In advantageous embodiments, the first connecting structure has a contact surface shaped to nestle against the first mounting area of the sole and/or the second connecting structure has a contact surface shaped to nestle against the second mounting area of the sole.
The first mounting area of the sole can be planar and/or the second mounting area of the sole can be planar. More preferred, the first mounting area of the sole is curved in the longitudinal and/or the lateral direction, as for example in adaption to a standard or an individual foot. The second mounting area of the sole may be curved in the longitudinal and/or the lateral direction. If the first mounting area of the sole and/or the second mounting area of the sole is/are curved, the respective mounting area may in particular be convexly curved with respect to the longitudinal and/or lateral direction.
The first connecting structure, if mounted, may contact the sole only within the first mounting area, as preferred. In principle however, the first connecting structure, if mounted, may contact the sole also within the second mounting area. It is preferred that at least a portion or at least the majority of the second mounting area is located forward of the first connecting structure.
The second connecting structure, if mounted, may contact the sole only within the second mounting area, as preferred. In principle however, the second connecting structure, if mounted, may contact the sole also within the first mounting area. It is preferred that at least a portion or at least the majority of the first mounting area is located rearward of the second connecting structure.
The sole may comprise one or more first fastening elements located in the first mounting area for mounting the first connecting structure to the sole and/or one or more second fastening elements located in the second mounting area for mounting the second connecting structure to the sole. At least one first fastening element, if any is present, is expediently located rearwardly offset with respect to the second mounting area, and at least one second fastening element, if any is present, is expediently located forwardly offset with respect to the first mounting area.
At least one first fastening element and/or at least one second fastening element may be formed as a cavity, such as a through-hole or deepening, in the sole or as a protrusion, for example a pin or threaded shaft or part of a rivet, which protrudes from the underside of the sole.
If the first connecting structure is mounted and the sole comprises one or more second fastening elements for mounting the second connecting structure on the sole, at least one second fastening element, and preferably each second fastening element, may be arranged offset forward with respect to the first connecting structure. The respective second fastening element, if provided as a through-hole in the sole, is in advantageous embodiments sealed to prevent the ingress of moisture.
If the second connecting structure is mounted and the sole comprises one or more first fastening elements for mounting the first connecting structure on the sole, at least one first fastening element, and preferably each first fastening element, may be arranged offset rearward with respect to the second connecting structure. The respective first fastening element, if provided as a through-hole in the sole, is in advantageous embodiments sealed to prevent the ingress of moisture.
The sole comprises a sole base. The sole base may form the sole forefoot portion and the sole heel portion in one piece. In first embodiments the sole base is a laminated fiber reinforced structure of a polymer material. In second embodiments the sole base is a cast structure of a polymer material optionally filled with reinforcing particles and/or fibers. The one or more first fastening elements may be formed each as a cavity, such as a through-hole or deepening, in the sole base.
The sole may consist of the sole base or comprise one or more outsole elements formed separately from the sole base and attached to the sole base. The sole may comprise, for example, a forefoot outsole element attached to the sole base. The forefoot outsole element may form the underside of the sole over at least a sub-portion or at least the major part of the sole forefoot portion. In other embodiments, the sole base constitutes the sole forefoot portion, i.e. the sole forefoot portion may consist only of the sole base.
The sole base may form the first mounting area and/or the second mounting area for mounting the first connecting structure or the connecting structure directly to the sole base. The surface contact is in such embodiments made between the respective connecting structure and the sole base. If the sole comprises the sole base and the forefoot outsole element, the forefoot outsole element may form the first mounting area and/or the second mounting area for mounting the first connecting structure or the connecting structure directly to the forefoot outsole element. The surface contact is in such embodiments made between the respective connecting structure and the forefoot outsole element. If the sole comprises the sole base and the forefoot outsole element, the division may for example be such that the sole base forms the first mounting area and the forefoot outsole element forms the second mounting area.
The sole may comprise the one or more first fastening elements and the one or more second fastening elements. If the one or more first fastening elements and/or the one or more second fastening elements are provided as through-holes, the one or more through-holes not required to mount the respective connecting structure may be sealed to prevent the ingress of moisture. In alternative embodiments the sole may be provided in a first and a second sole variant each variant comprising the first mounting area and the second mounting area. The sole variants may differ from one another, for a given boot size, only in that the first sole variant comprises the one or more first fastening elements and no second fastening element and the second sole variant comprises the one or more second fastening elements and no first fastening element.
The first connecting structure, if mounted, may advantageously be mounted directly to the sole base, i.e. in surface contact with the first mounting area which is in such embodiments provided by the sole base. A laminated sole base in combination with a directly mounted first connecting structure, optionally with but preferably without any forefoot outsole element, is conducive to increased cross-country skiing performance.
The second connecting structure, if mounted, may be mounted to the forefoot outsole element, if present, i.e. in surface contact with the second mounting area which is in such embodiments provided by the forefoot outsole element.
The first connecting structure and/or the second connecting structure may be designed to be removably mountable on the sole, for example by means of a screw connection or a plug connection. A riveted connection and even bonding are further options, however.
If the sole comprises a sole base and a forefoot outsole element the one or more second fastening elements may each be formed as a through-hole in the forefoot outsole element. The sole base may comprise one or more cavities, such as one or more through-holes or deepenings, in alignment with the one or more second fastening elements to allow the shaft of a screw or rivet or a pin to protrude through the respective second fastening element and through or into the aligned cavity of the sole base for mounting the second connecting structure to the sole.
The sole may comprise a heel support which provides a heel tread surface. The sole may form the heel support as an integral sole portion. It is however preferred if the heel support is provided as an outsole heel support located below and secured to the sole heel portion. In advantageous embodiments the heel support is secured to the sole base removably and can be exchanged against another heel support.
The system may comprise a first heel support and a second heel support wherein the ski boot and the heel supports are configured so that the heel supports can be interchanged. The first heel support and the second heel support may differ in one or more features such as, for example, in height and/or shape of the heel tread surface and/or cushioning characteristics. The first heel support can be configured for use in combination with the first connecting structure. The second heel support can be configured for use in combination with the second connecting structure. The first heel support and the second heel support may differ from each other to compensate for differences that a ski boot comprising the first connecting structure may have from a ski boot comprising the second connecting structure, that is, differences caused by the connecting structures.
With the first connecting structure mounted the first pivot axis extends in a longitudinal-lateral first pivot axis plane. With the second connecting structure mounted the second pivot axis extends in a longitudinal-lateral second pivot axis plane. These two planes may extend at a distance from one another when the first connecting structure is mounted at a first time and the second connecting structure is mounted at a second time and the respective ski boot according to the invention is held with its sole in the same position at both times. The first heel support and the second heel support may differ in thickness (height), so that their difference in thickness (height) compensates for the distance between the first pivot axis plane and the second pivot axis plane.
The sole may comprise an interface located in or below the sole heel portion to secure the respective removable heel support to the sole, for example to the sole base described above. The interface may be manufactured separately from the sole base and attached to the sole base. The sole base may, alternatively, form the interface, i.e. the sole base and the interface may be formed together, for example, by laminating or moulding the sole base with the interface or by moulding the interface onto the sole base or by generative forming.
If the first heel support and the second heel support are removable the respective heel support may be secured to the sole base removably by means of the interface. The respective heel support can be detached from the interface and thereby from the sole base in a non-destructive way. The respective heel support is reusable if not worn or destroyed during regular use, i.e. it can be detached and re-attached if desired. The securement via the interface may be designed such that the first and/or second heel support can be mounted and/or removed by the aid of a simple hand tool such as a screwdriver and the like. In preferred embodiments, however, the securement via the interface is designed such that the respective heel support can be mounted and/or removed simply by hand without need for any tool. Securing the heel support removably allows for exchange of the heel support against another heel support, e.g. a first heel support against a second heel support or another first heel support, with only a few hand movements and, preferably, without the need for any tool. The new heel support must of course match with the interface.
The first heel support and the second heel support may be configured each for positive retaining engagement with the interface. The respective heel support may be movable, in the retaining engagement, relative to the interface between an initial position of engagement and a use position of engagement. The respective heel support may be locked in the use position by a releasable locking engagement of the respective heel support and the interface. The interface and the respective heel support may form a slider joint in which the interface engages behind the respective heel support thereby holding the heel support at the interface while allowing it to slide.
The invention enlarges the longitudinal area in which the pivot axis may cross the longitudinal axis of the ski boot. By mounting the second connecting structure the conventional range near the tip of the skier's foot can be covered. By mounting the first connecting structure the pivot axis can be moved further back, closer to the ball or metatarsophalangeal joints of the skier's foot. The first pivot axis may accordingly intersect the longitudinal axis of the ski boot, as seen in a plan view onto the sole, at an axial distance d_A of more than 20 mm from a virtual front axis that is tangential to a foremost end of a boot internal rim described below and orthogonal to the longitudinal axis. The axial distance d_A is measured along the longitudinal axis. The longitudinal axis, as seen in the plan view onto the sole, extends from a rearmost point on the boot internal rim and through a center region of the sole forefoot portion.
Placement of the pivot axis back closer to the ball of the foot is advantageous in combination with the provision of the two connecting structures and adapted mounting areas of the ski boot sole, as a result of which the ski boot becomes a universal ski boot for Nordic skiing. However, placing the pivot axis back closer to the ball of the foot is also advantageous in and of itself.
The invention is, under a second aspect, also directed to a ski boot for Nordic skiing, the ski boot having a sole which can comprise the first and the second mounting area, but instead can also comprise only the first mounting area and only the first connecting structure, with regard to which the statements made here about the first connecting structure apply. The sole of this ski boot also comprises the sole forefoot portion and the sole heel portion located along a longitudinal axis of the ski boot. The ski boot under the second aspect, and also the ski boot of the system of the present invention, may comprise an upper attached to or formed with the sole such that the sole and the upper enclose a boot internal space for accommodating a person's foot. The sole may be formed as a whole in one piece or comprise a sole base and one or more outsole elements in integrated sole designs. The sole may comprise, for example, a forefoot outsole element on an underside of the sole forefoot portion and/or a heel outsole element on an underside of the sole heel portion of a sole base in such integrated embodiments. The ski boot furthermore comprises a connecting structure for securement of the ski boot to a ski binding of a ski for Nordic skiing. The connecting structure defines a lateral pivot axis below the sole forefoot portion for pivoting movement of the ski boot relative to the ski.
The upper may extend upwards from an upward facing surface of the sole along a boot internal rim that borders the upward facing surface of the sole within the boot internal space. If the sole comprises one or more sections, which could be formed by the sole base and/or an outsole element, the sole upstanding portion extends upwards from the upward facing surface of the sole along the boot internal rim and does accordingly border the upward facing surface of the sole along the boot internal rim. The sole upstanding portion, if present, may extend upwards from the sole upward facing surface all around and define the boot internal rim. The sole upstanding portion, if present, may alternatively extend upwards from the sole upward facing surface only in one or more sections and the upper may border the sole upward facing surface in the remainder. When the sole and a lower part of the upper and/or the sole upstanding portion are seen in a plan view onto the sole surface the boot internal rim marks an outer skirt for the foot of a person wearing the ski boot.
Under the aspect of optimal placement of the pivot axis, a Nordic ski boot with at least the following features is a further subject, namely, a ski boot for Nordic skiing, comprising:

1.1 a sole having a sole forefoot portion and a sole heel portion located along a longitudinal axis of the ski boot,
1.2 an upper, the sole and the upper enclosing a boot internal space for accommodating a skier's foot, and
1.3 a connecting structure for securement of the ski boot to a ski binding of a ski, the connecting structure defining a lateral pivot axis below the sole forefoot portion for pivoting movement of the ski boot relative to the ski,
1.4 the sole, optionally, comprising a sole upstanding portion,
1.5 the upper and/or the sole upstanding portion, if present, extending upwards from an upward facing surface of the sole along a boot internal rim that borders the upward facing surface of the sole within the boot internal space,
1.6 the longitudinal axis extending from a rearmost point on the boot internal rim and through a central region of the sole forefoot portion, as seen in a plan view onto the upward facing surface of the sole, and
1.7 the pivot axis, in the plan view, intersecting the longitudinal axis at an axial distance, d_A, from a front axis that is tangential to a foremost end of the boot internal rim and orthogonal to the longitudinal axis,
1.8 wherein d_A > 20 mm.

This ski boot may comprise the second mounting area. The ski boot will then become the universal ski boot and the "connecting structure" will then become the "first connecting structure" of the ski boot system according to the present invention.
The axial distance d_A may advantageously be equal or greater than 27 or even more preferred equal or greater than 40 mm.
In advantageous embodiments the axial distance d_A is smaller than 80 mm and, as preferred, equal or smaller than 60 mm. The axial distance d_A may even more expediently be chosen from the range of 27 to 55 mm or 46 ± 6 mm.
As seen in the plan view, the longitudinal axis may pass through a center point located on a straight connecting line that connects, within the sole forefoot portion, a most medial point and a most lateral point of the boot internal rim. The center point is in the middle between the most medial point and the most lateral point measured along the connecting line, i.e. the center point is equidistant along the connecting line to each of these two points.
The connecting line may serve as a substitute for a straight line that intersects, in a plan view, the metatarsal tibiale and the metatarsale fibulare of a person's foot having a foot size that corresponds to the size of the ski boot. The center point on that connecting line is representative for the center point of the metatarsophalangeal joints of a person whom the ski boot fits.
It has been found that placing the pivot axis well behind the toes tip and in front of the center point is an optimal compromise between efficient power transmission during cross-skiing on the one and control of the ski on the other hand. Due to the backward placement the skier can push backwards against the ski with greater force than is possible with the conventional placement of the pivot axis. The placement in front of the center point, on the other hand, allows for a sufficient degree of freedom of pivotal movement. Shifting the pivot axis back further, for example, directly below the center point, would be to the detriment of ski control since the skier would have to be lifted higher above the ski to allow for pivoting about the pivot axis by 27° or more.
The pivot axis or first pivot axis may intersect the ski boot longitudinal axis, in the plan view, in a section in the middle between the front axis and the center point. If d_CP is the axial distance of the pivot axis from the center point, measured along the longitudinal axis, an optimum can be achieved if d_A is within d_CP ± 27 %, i.e. if 0.7 • d_CP < d_A < 1.3 • d_CP. The axial distance d_A may even better be chosen to be larger than 0.8 • d_CP or 0.9 • d_CP. Expedient upper limits are d_A ≤ 1.2 • d_CP or d_A ≤ 1.1 • d_CP.
The axial position of the pivot axis or first pivot axis may additionally or alternatively be described in relation to an overall axial length of the sole upward facing surface. The overall axial length is measured in the plan view along the longitudinal axis as the axial distance D between the front axis and the rearmost point of the boot internal rim. The axial distance may advantageously be chosen from the range of 0.1 • D ≤ d_A ≤ 0.2 • D. The pivot axis intersects the longitudinal axis in embodiments fulfilling these two relations with an axial offset to the front axis of 10 to 20% of the overall length. The axial offset d_A may even more preferred be equal or greater than 0.12 • D and/or it may be equal or smaller than 0.18 • D.
The axial position of the pivot axis or first pivot axis may additionally or alternatively be described in relation to anatomical characteristics of a foot of a person having a foot size corresponding with the ski boot size and wearing the ski boot. A longitudinal axis of the foot is orthogonal to a plane that is tangential to a foremost end and orthogonal to a plane that is tangential to a rearmost end, the pternion, of the foot. The pivot axis of the ski boot, in a plan view onto the foot encased by or overlaid with the ski boot, intersects the foot longitudinal axis between the plane that is tangential to the foot foremost end and a center point of the metatarsophalangeal joints of the foot at an axial distance d_FA from the foremost contact plane and an axial distance d_CP from the foot center point of the metatarsophalangeal joints. The center point of the metatarsophalangeal joints and the pternion are located on the foot longitudinal axis and the axial distances d_FA and d_CP are measured along the longitudinal axis of the foot. Related to the foot, it is advantageous if d_FA is larger than 0,7 • d_CP.
The values and value ranges described above with respect to the axial distances d_A and d_CP in relation to the longitudinal axis, the front axis and the center point of the ski boot hold in good approximation also for the axial distances d_FA and d_CP if those are related to a foot which the ski boot encases and matches in terms of foot size and ski boot size. The relations, limits and ranges described with respect to d_A may be substituted or supplemented by the same relations, limits and ranges described instead with respect to d_FA. The longitudinal axis and the center point of the foot may coincide exactly or in good approximation with the longitudinal axis and the center point of the sole upward facing surface. One should bear in mind, however, that the front axis of the boot internal rim is a certain although small axial distance offset forward of the plane that is tangential to the foremost end of the foot. The axial distance between the front axis of the boot internal rim and the plane that is tangential to the foremost end of the foot provides for a clearance between the foremost end of the foot and an opposing inner surface of the ski boot.
To measure an axial distance or length, such as d_A and/or d_CP and/or D,

the ski boot is secured to a ski that is laying on a plane of measurement, the (first) connecting structure being secured to a toe piece of a ski binding mounted on the ski and the heel portion resting on the ski binding,
the (first) pivot axis, the front axis, and the longitudinal axis, the center point if required, and the rearmost point if required, are projected each orthogonally onto the plane of measurement, and
the respective axial distance or length, such as d_A and/or d_CP and/or D, is measured in the plane of measurement along the longitudinal axis.

If the axial position of the pivot axis or first pivot axis is described in relation to anatomical characteristics of a foot of a person having a foot size corresponding with the ski boot size, the person will get in the ski boot or step on the sole as such (no upper), the ski boot or sole being secured and positioned as described.
The connecting structure or first connecting structure may be provided in one piece as a cleat, for example, a metal cleat. The cleat may be joint directly to the sole. If the sole comprises two or more components joint together to form an integrated sole, for example a sole base and one or more outsole elements such as a forefoot outsole element and/or a heel outsole element, the connecting structure or cleat may advantageously be joint directly to the sole base. The connecting structure or cleat may be joint with the sole or the sole base of an integrated sole by material bond, exclusively or including also positive and/or non-positive locking. In preferred embodiments, however, the (first) connecting structure is joint with the stand-alone sole or the sole base of the integrated sole by positive and/or non-positive locking only and, as most preferred, by non-positive locking only thereby pressing the connecting structure firmly against the sole or sole base. The connecting structure or cleat may be pressed firmly against the sole or sole base, for example, by means of a screw connection.
Moving the pivot axis back closer to the center point requires for lifting the pivot axis from the ski. In advantageous embodiments the sole forefoot portion is shaped to balance between sufficient freedom of pivoting and control over the ski, i.e. between increasing the vertical clearance of the sole from the vertically opposite surface while keeping the pivot axis close to the ski. When the first connecting structure is mounted, there is a point or line on the underside of the sole with which the ski boot comes closest to the ski or the binding, i.e. to the vertically opposite surface, when pivoting about the first pivot axis. This point or line may be termed 'critical point', also to represent such a line.
In order to describe a characteristic of the ski boot sole that is advantageous in this respect, although only optional, the following assumptions are made:

The ski boot is secured to the first ski binding of the first ski which is laying on a planar horizontal underground, i.e. the ski boot can pivot about the first pivot axis and rests on a heel tread surface of the first ski binding or the first ski.
A free space extends, in a horizontal side view orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the ski boot, between the underside of the sole and a pivot axis plane which contains the first pivot axis and is parallel to the underground at least in the longitudinal direction. If the first pivot axis is under these conditions parallel to the horizontal, as typically is the case, the pivot axis plane is parallel to the underground. In principle however, the first pivot axis might be slightly tilted in the lateral direction.
The free space extends, in the side view, from the first pivot axis in the forward direction up to the foremost end of the ski boot. The free space extends accordingly over the whole width of the sole.
The critical point is spaced from the pivot axis plane by a vertical distance h_A.
The vertical projection of the critical point onto the pivot axis plane is spaced from the pivot axis by a distance d'_A measured in the pivot axis plane.
Both distances h_A and d'_A are measured in the side view.

In these advantageous embodiments the distance d'_A is greater than 20 mm or is at least 27 mm. The sole is shaped such that the ratio h_A : d'_A is greater than 2:10 or is at least 2:9. A good balance is achieved if h_A : d'_A is 0.25 ± 0.05.
The free space may widen vertically towards the foremost end of the sole, when seen from the first pivot axis, to increase the pivot angle by which the ski boot can pivot about the first pivot axis. When the ski boot or sole is held as defined above, the underside of the sole may extend upwards from the first mounting area and over the second mounting area towards the foremost end of the sole when seen in the side view of the ski boot. The first mounting area, as a whole, and/or the second mounting area, as a whole, may be inclined upwards in the direction of the foremost end of the sole. If the first mounting area is inclined upwards the first connecting structure is also inclined and the free space can widen already below the first connecting structure and may widen directly from the first pivot axis. The free space may widen smoothly all over its length from the first connecting structure or already below the first connecting structure up to the foremost end of the sole. It may alternatively widen in a step between the first mounting area and the second mounting area or may include such a step and then widen smoothly further over the second mounting area.
The invention is directed to the system as such and also in combination with the first ski binding and/or the second ski binding, wherein

the ski boot comprises the first connecting structure (10) and is secured to the first ski binding such that the ski boot can pivot about the first pivot axis (A), the first pivot axis (A) being fixed vertically and/or in the longitudinal direction relative to the first ski binding, and/or
the ski boot comprises the second connecting structure (20) and is secured to the second ski binding such that the ski boot can pivot about the about the second pivot axis (B), the second pivot axis (B) being fixed vertically and/or in the longitudinal direction relative to the second ski binding.

The ski boot system may be configured to allow for demounting the mounted connecting structure and mount instead the other. This is advantageous but no requirement. The combination may comprise a ski boot with the first connecting structure mounted and a further ski boot with the second connecting structure mounted in particular in cases in which the mounted connecting structure cannot be demounted without destruction. The combination may comprise the first ski binding and/or the second ski binding as such or mounted to a ski or integral with a ski.
The invention is explained below by way of example with reference to figures. Features disclosed there, each individually and in any combination of features, advantageously develop the subjects of the claims and also the embodiments and aspects described above. There is shown:

Fig. 1: a view of a sole of a ski boot with a first connecting structure mounted,
Fig. 2: a view onto an upward facing surface of the sole,
Fig. 3: a view showing an underside of the sole and the first connecting structure,
Fig. 4: a plan view onto the underside of the sole and the first connecting structure,
Fig. 5: a side view of the sole placed above a virtual plane of measurement,
Fig. 6: a plan view onto a schematically illustrated foot,
Fig. 7: a boot forefoot portion in a longitudinal section of the ski boot,
Fig. 8: a modified boot forefoot portion in a longitudinal section of the ski boot,
Fig. 9: a view showing an underside of the sole with a second connecting structure mounted,
Fig. 10: a plan view onto the underside of the sole and the second connecting structure,
Fig. 11: a sole base and interchangeable heel supports in a side view,
Fig. 12: a view showing a heel support engaged with an interface of the sole,
Fig. 13: another view showing the heel support engaged with the interface, and
Fig. 14: a comparison of the sole with the first connecting structure mounted (upper part) and the second connecting structure mounted (lower part).

Figure 1 is a view of a sole 1 of a ski boot showing the sole 1 mainly from the side, slightly from above and from the rear to the front. The sole 1 is an integrated sole 1 comprising a sole base 2, a forefoot outsole element 6, and an outsole heel support 40. The forefoot outsole element 6 and the heel support 40 are attached to the underside of the sole base 2. The outsole element 6 may be joint to the sole base 2, for example, by adhesive bond or some other type of bonding. The respective jointing may be supplemented by positive and/or non-positive locking of one or both of the elements 6 and 40 to the sole base 2. The sole 1, in the example embodiment the sole base 2 in combination with the forefoot outsole element 6, provides an upward facing surface on which the foot of the skier is resting during use.
The sole base 2 may expediently be formed in one-piece of a polymer material that is reenforced with fibers and/or formed structures and/or particles. It may in particular be laminated or molded. The sole base 2 may have a laminate structure or contain one or more laminate layers.
The heel support 40 may be joint to the sole base 2, for example, by adhesive bond or some other type of bonding, as mentioned earlier. In the example embodiment, however, the heel support 40 is more advantageously removably secured to the sole base 2 by means of a positive engagement and, optionally, in addition by a force-fitting engagement, without bonding.
The sole 1 may comprise an interface 30 located in the sole heel portion 4 at the underside of sole base 2. Heel support 40 may removably be connected to the sole base 2 by means of a positive retaining engagement with the interface 30. The securement is designed such that heel support 40 can easily and rapidly be removed and exchanged against another heel support configured to match with the interface 30. The securement allows for non-destructive removal and replacement of heel support 40 by hand and the aid of a simple hand tool, such as a screw driver or the like, or preferably without the aid of any tool.
The sole base 2 may be formed originally with the interface 30. Alternatively, as in the example embodiment, the interface 30 may be provided as an interface structure manufactured separately from and immovably connected to the sole base 2, for example by adhesive bonding or some other type of bonding. Interface 30 is located between sole heel portion 4 and heel support 40. It may be joint with sole base 2 in direct contact. The interface 30 overall has the shape of a plate. It is relatively thin but strong and stiff enough to firmly retain the heel support 40 in the positive retaining engagement at the sole base 2.
The ski boot may be divided into three general regions, namely, a forefoot region, a midfoot region, and a heel region. Sole 1 comprises correspondingly a sole forefoot portion 3, a sole midfoot portion, and a sole heel portion 4. Sole 1 also includes a lateral side and a medial side. Forefoot portion 3 corresponds with the toes and the joints connecting the metatarsals with the phalanges. Midfoot portion corresponds with the arch area of the foot, and heel portion 4 corresponds with rear portions of the foot, including the calcaneus bone. The lateral side and the medial side correspond with opposite sides of the sole 1 and the ski boot.
The ski boot comprises an upper. The sole 1 and the upper enclose a boot internal space for accommodating a skier's foot. The upper may be formed separately and joint with the sole 1 or formed with the sole 1, for example with the sole base 2, in one piece, for example by additive or generative processes. A lower part of the upper is shown in the figures 7 and 8 and denoted there with reference number 9. In the example embodiment, the forefoot outsole element 6 is dished and comprises an upstanding portion 7 that extends upwards around the front end and along adjacent side sections of the upward facing surface of the sole 1. The sole base 2 comprises an upstanding portion 8 that extends upwards from the sole upward facing surface and wraps up around the back and sides in the heel portion 4. The upstanding portion 8 may be provided with holes 18, as illustrated, to enable an ankle cuff or part of an ankle cuff to be connected to the sole base 2 in a hinged manner.
In the ready-to-use ski boot the upstanding portions 7 and 8 and the upper extend from the sole upward facing surface along a boot internal rim 5 that marks the outer skirt of the sole upward facing surface within the boot internal space. The sole upward facing surface constitutes the underside of the boot internal space whereas the upstanding portions 7 and 8 and the upper provide for the remainder of the envelope of the boot internal space. The upstanding portions 7 and 8 may be regarded to constitute part of the upper in so far as they limit the boot internal space to the front, the rear and to the medial and lateral sides, i. e. upstanding portions 7 and 8 border the sole upward facing surface and, hence, the skier's foot to the front, the rear, and also to the sides.
Figure 2 is a plan view onto the sole upward facing surface. The sole upward facing surface formed by the integrated sole 1 and enclosed by the boot internal rim 5 extends along a longitudinal axis X of the ski boot between a virtual front axis F and a virtual rear axis R which are both orthogonal to the longitudinal axis X and tangential to a foremost end and a rearmost end of the boot internal rim 5, respectively. The rear axis R intersects the longitudinal axis X at a rearmost point RP of the rim 5. A straight connecting line BG connects a most medial point MP and a most lateral point LP both located in the sole forefoot portion 3 on the boot internal rim 5. CP denotes a center point located in the middle between the most medial point MP and the most lateral point LP on connecting line BG. The longitudinal axis X intersects the rear axis R at the rearmost point RP and the connecting line BG at the center point CP.
The ski boot comprises a connecting structure 10 for securement to a toe piece of a ski binding of a ski for cross-country or Nordic skiing or a roller ski board. The connecting structure 10 defines a lateral pivot axis A below the sole forefoot portion 3 to allow for pivoting movement of the ski boot relative to the ski.
Figure 3 is a view of the sole 1 showing its underside where the connecting structure 10 is mounted. The connecting structure 10 is mounted directly to the sole base 2. The ski boot differs from prior art ski boots which comprise connecting structures mounted to outsole elements such as the forefoot outsole element 6 and not directly to a sole base such as sole base 2. The forefoot outsole element 6 comprises a recess 19 in the region where the connecting structure 10 is located to allow for directly jointing the connecting structure 10 to the sole base 2.
The connecting structure 10 is joint to the sole base 2 by non-positive locking. The joint connection is a screw connection, as preferred, but could instead be formed as a riveted joint or the like. The non-positive locking could be complemented by positive locking. It may be complemented by bonding although. A connection that can be released in a non-destructive way is however advantageous for the purpose of the invention. A purely non-positive locking, in particular a pure screw connection, is the preferred joint between the connecting structure 10 and the sole base 2.
The connecting structure 10 is formed in one piece as a cleat and may in particular be a metal cleat. It comprises an attachment base 11 with through-holes 12 for fastening elements such as screws or rivets that penetrate the attachment base 11 to fasten the connecting structure 10 to the sole base 2. The connecting structure 10 furthermore comprises a bearing structure 13 that protrudes downwardly from the attachment base 11 to define the pivot axis A at a vertical distance from the sole 1. The bearing structure 13 accommodates engaging members 14, a left and a right engaging member 14, moveably in the lateral direction parallel to the pivot axis A. The engaging members 14 may be formed as pins. They may be biased, for example spring-loaded, each to an outward position and can be suppressed towards one another, against the biasing or spring force. To secure the ski boot to the ski binding the ski boot is pressed towards a toe piece of the ski binding such that the engaging members 14 first yield against the biasing force and then snap forward into respective holes or deepenings of the toe piece of the ski binding thereby securing the ski boot to the toe piece of the ski binding and establishing the pivot axis A of the ski boot relative to the ski.
In the example embodiment, the left and right engaging members 14 are movable laterally relative to the ski boot. In modifications the engaging members 14 may be immovable relative to the rest of the connecting structure 10. In such modifications the toe piece of the ski binding may provide for the movability to enable a snap-in securement of connecting structure 10 to the ski binding. In further modifications the protruding engaging members 14 could be substituted by holes or deepenings in the bearing structure 13 and the ski binding provided with corresponding engagement pins or the like that protrude laterally to engage into the holes or deepenings of the modified connecting structure 10. In yet further embodiments, the connecting structure 10 may comprise a rigid lateral bar to define pivot axis A.
The connecting structure 10 is mounted to the sole 1 in surface contact with a first mounting area 15 of the sole 1. The first connecting structure 10 covers the first mounting area 15, i.e. the first mounting area 15 is not visible. The first mounting area 15 is a downward facing surface of the sole 1. More specifically, it is a downward facing surface of the sole base 2. The sole 1 furthermore comprises a second mounting area 25 with fastening elements 26 for mounting a second connecting structure in surface contact with the second mounting area 25, as will be explained later.
Figure 4 is a plan view onto the underside of the sole 1. As can be seen, the pivot axis A is positioned relatively far to the rear, as compared with conventional ski boots, to improve the efficiency of power transmission when pushing back on the ski during cross-country skiing. The pivot axis A intersects the longitudinal axis X in a mid-section between the front axis F and the center point CP.
As described above with respect to figures 1 and 2, the longitudinal axis X extends from the rearmost point RP of the boot internal rim 5 in the forward direction through the center point CP on the connecting line BG. The axes F and R are parallel one to the other and orthogonal to the longitudinal axis X. Front axis F is tangential to the boot internal rim 5 at the foremost point of rim 5. Rear axis R is tangential to the boot internal rim 5 at the rearmost point RP of the rim 5.
The pivot axis A intersects the longitudinal axis X between the front axis F and the center point CP at an axial distance d_A from the front axis F and an axial distance d_CP from the center point CP. The axial distances d_A and d_CP may be equal. In the example embodiment, they are only approximately the same in that the axial distance d_A is slightly larger than the axial distance d_CP. It is advantageous if d_A > 0.7 • d_CP. Better results can be achieved if d_A ≥ 0.8 • d_CP. The results are best if d_A ≥ 0.9 • d_CP. The pivot axis A should, on the other hand, not be located too far towards the rear in order not to restrict the pivoting movement of the ski unnecessarily. Good results are achieved if d_A < 1.3 • d_CP. More advantageously d_A ≤ 1.2 • d_CP or d_A ≤ 1.1 • d_CP.
An overall axial length of the sole upward facing surface is measured in the plan view along the longitudinal axis X as the axial distance D between the front axis F and the rearmost point RP or rear axis R of the boot internal rim 5. The axial distance d_A may advantageously be chosen such that 0.1 • D ≤ d_A ≤ 0.2 • D. The pivot axis A intersects the longitudinal axis in embodiments fulfilling these two relations with an axial offset d_A to the front axis F of 10 to 20% of the overall length D. The axial offset d_A may even more preferred be equal or greater than 0.12 • D and/or it may be equal or smaller than 0.18 • D.
Figure 5 shows the sole 1 in a side view and in relation to a supporting plane that may serve as a plane of measurement M. To measure the axial distances d_A and d_CP a ski equipped with a ski binding suitable for co-operation with the ski boot is placed on the plane of measurement M. The ski boot is connected to the ski by engaging the connecting structure 10 with the toe piece of the ski binding and the ski boot is pivoted towards the ski such that the sole 1 is resting on a heel piece of the ski binding if the ski binding regularly comprises a heel piece, or directly on the ski if the ski binding does not regularly comprise a heel piece. In figure 5 the sole 1 occupies a position it is supposed to occupy in relation to the plane of measurement M supporting the ski. The pivot axis A, the front axis F, the center point CP, the rear axis R, and the longitudinal axis X are then projected each orthogonal onto the plane of measurement M. The axial distances d_A and d_CP and D are measured along the longitudinal axis X on the plane of measurement M.
The rear axis R of rim 5 is shown to extend axially offset forward of the rearmost point of the boot internal space. The rearmost point of the boot internal space is denoted PT for its correspondence to the rearmost point, the pternion, of a foot that matches the ski boot in size. In further embodiments, rear axis R may extend exactly below or slightly to the rear of PT.
Figure 6 is a plan view onto the underside of a foot. Figure 6 serves to explain anatomical measures helpful to understand the background of the invention. The foot size is measured along the longitudinal axis X as the length between a rearmost plane contacting the foot at the rearmost point of the heel, the so-called pternion PT, and a foremost plane contacting the tip of the toes. The two planes are parallel one to the other and orthogonal to the longitudinal axis X. The front axis F and the rear axis R, which are tangential to the boot internal rim 5 are shown in dotted lines. For a ski boot of a ski boot size corresponding to the foot size L the front axis F intersects the longitudinal axis X at a certain, typically small distance forward of the foremost plane of contact. This axial offset is denoted as clearance Δ. Clearance Δ may measure a few millimeters and may, for example, be 3 ± 2 mm. The rear axis R intersects the longitudinal axis X at a certain distance forward of the rearmost plane of contact but could alternatively extend in the rearmost plane of contact or slightly aft of it, as mentioned above.
The metatarsophalangeal joints are represented by the straight line BG which is the orthogonal projection of the ball girth cross-section onto a plane supporting the foot. The line BG passes through the metatarsale tibiale MT and the metatarsale fibulare MF. Line BG also passes through a most medial point and a most lateral point of the foot. The longitudinal axis X extends from the pternion PT forward and through the center point CP which is located on the line BG in the middle between MP and LP.
The pivot axis A defined by the connecting structure 10 is also shown. Pivot axis A is slightly tilted towards the longitudinal axis X, mainly to show that pivot axis A must not necessarily be exactly orthogonal to the longitudinal axis X. The deviation from a right angle is only a few degrees. The pivot axis A intersects the longitudinal axis X between the foremost plane of contact and the foot center point CP at an axial distance d_FA from the foremost plane of contact and an axial distance d_CP from the foot center point CP.
Figure 6 may be regarded as an overlay of a foot having the foot size L and the ski boot having a corresponding boot size. The longitudinal axis X of the ski boot is an approximation for the foot longitudinal axis X. The same is true with respect to the connecting line BG and the center point CP of the ski boot which correspond to the ball girth line BG of the foot and the foot center point CP. The boot internal rim 5 (Fig. 2) is a line that follows the outer contour of the foot of corresponding size with a certain outsize, i. e. the front axis F is located a certain although small distance forward of the foremost tip of the toes and the most medial and most lateral points MP and LP on the boot internal rim 5 are at a certain although small distance to the left and right of the corresponding points MP and LP of the foot.
Figures 7 and 8 are schematic illustrations showing the front part of the ski boot in a longitudinal section along the longitudinal axis X.
Figure 7 shows an embodiment in which an upper 9 is joint with the sole 1 at an inner circumferential surface of upstanding portion 7. The lower part of upper 9 limits the boot internal space available for the foot in the boot forefoot region. In the boot forefoot region the boot internal rim 5 that skirts the sole upward facing surface is accordingly defined by the sole upward facing surface in conjunction with the upper 9.
Figure 8 shows an embodiment that is modified in that the upper 9 surrounds the upstanding portion 7, i. e. the upper 9 is joint to the sole 1 at the outer circumferential surface of the upstanding portion 7. Now, upstanding portion 7 limits the boot internal space available for the foot in the boot forefoot region. In the boot forefoot region the boot internal rim 5 that skirts the sole upward facing surface is accordingly defined by the sole upward facing surface in conjunction with the upstanding portion 7 of the sole 1, in the example embodiment, of the forefoot outsole element 6.
Figures 7 and 8 also show the mounting of the connecting structure 10 directly on the sole base 2 which comprises the first mounting area 15 in the example embodiment. The forefoot outsole element 6 is spared to form the recess 19 in which the connecting structure 10 is located for directly mounting it on the sole base 2, for example, by screw connection, as preferred, or rivet joint.
The ski boot sole 1 and the connecting structure 10 may be components of a ski boot system which provides the choice to equip a ski boot either with the connecting structure 10, as a first connecting structure, or another connecting structure, as a second connecting structure. The second connecting structure, if mounted, defines a lateral second pivot axis for pivoting the respective ski boot about the second pivot axis relative to the second ski, wherein the second pivot axis intersects the longitudinal axis X of the ski boot, in the plan view, further forward than the pivot axis A does. Equipping the ski boot with either the first or the second connecting structure involves no or only minor modifications to the ski boot sole. The shape of the sole base 2, in particular, is the same for both variants. The upper of the boot can stay the same but may instead be designed as desired. A first ski boot comprising a sole 1 with the first connecting structure 10 mounted and a first upper and a second ski boot comprising a sole 1 with the second connecting structure 20 mounted and a second upper that differs from the first upper not only because of different boot sizes are both regarded as ski boots of the ski boot system according to the invention. The respective sole 1 must however comprise mounting areas, such as the mounting areas 15 and 25, to offer a choice between distinct connecting structures.
Figures 9 and 10 show the second variant of the ski boot which differs from the first variant of which the sole 1 is illustrated in the figures 1 to 8 in that a second connecting structure 20 has replaced the first connecting structure 10. The second connecting structure 20 is mounted to the second mounting area 25 of the sole 1. The first mounting area 15 for mounting the first connecting structure 10 is no longer occupied and visible in the view of figure 9 and the plan view of figure 10. The first mounting area 15 is circumscribed by an inner rim of the forefoot outsole element 6, the inner rim defining the recess 19 of the forefoot outsole element 6.
First fastening elements 16 are arranged within the first mounting area of the sole base 2. The first fastening elements 16, each formed as a cavity such as a deepening or preferably as a through-hole, are indicated in figure 10 in dashed lines but not shown in figure 9. The sole base 2 is provided with the fastening elements 16 at least in the first variant of the ski boot in which the first connecting structure 10 is mounted in surface contact with the first mounting area 15 and fastened by means of pins or rivets or preferably by means of screws protruding through the through-holes 12 of the first connecting structure 10 (figures 3 and 4) and through or into the first fastening elements 16 of the sole base 2.
The first fastening elements 16 are not shown in the isometric view of figure 9 not the least to demonstrate that the sole 1 does not necessarily comprise first fastening elements in the second variant. The sole 1, or as in the example embodiments its sole base 2, may accordingly differ between the two variants of the ski boot in that it comprises the first fastening elements 16 only in the first variant. In preferred embodiments however, the sole base 2 comprises the first fastening elements 16, for example arranged as shown, in both variants.
If the sole base 2 comprises the first fastening elements 16 also in the second variant of the ski boot, in which the second connecting structure 20 is mounted, such first fastening elements 16 are not needed or needed only to facilitate exchanging the second connecting structure 20 against the first connecting structure 10. If provided as through-holes the first fastening elements 16 may be sealed to prevent the ingress of moisture. Sealing can be provided by filling the respective through-hole with sealing mass. Alternatively, the ski boot system may comprise a modified forefoot outsole element to substitute the forefoot outsole element 6 of the example embodiment. The modified forefoot outsole element does not comprise the recess 19 and covers the not used first mounting area 15 of the sole base 2. The modified forefoot outsole element may comprise protrusions which protrude into the through-holes 16 to seal the same and at the same time provide for additional hold on the sole base 2. In another development in which the first fastening elements 16 are present and formed as through-holes, the ski boot system may comprise a plug-in element for sealing the fastening elements 16. The plug-in element comprises protrusions to be plugged into the fastening elements 16 thereby sealing the same and retaining the plug-in element on the sole base 2. The plug-in element may be formed to fill the recess 19 of the forefoot outsole element 6 completely or only partially.
The sole 1 may comprise the second fastening elements 26 assigned to the second connecting structure 20 either only if the second connecting structure 20 is mounted, i.e. in the second variant, or in both variants. The sole 1 of the example embodiment comprises the second fastening elements 26 not only in the second variant but also in the first variant, as can be seen in the figures 3 and 4. The second mounting area 25 is provided on the underside of the forefoot outsole element 6. The second fastening elements 26 are provided each as a through-hole in the forefoot outsole element 6. The forefoot outsole element 6 may comprise at least one second fastening element 26 to the left and at least one second fastening element 26 to the right of the longitudinal axis X.
If the sole 1 comprises the sole base 2 and the forefoot outsole element 6, as in the example embodiment, the sole base 2 may comprise second fastening elements in alignment with the second fastening elements 26 of the forefoot outsole element 6. The second fastening elements of the sole base 2 may be provided as cavities, such as through-holes or deepenings, arranged in alignment with the second fastening elements 26 of the forefoot outsole element 6 in order to allow a pin, screw shaft or rivet shaft to protrude through the second fastening elements 26 and into or through the corresponding cavities of the sole base 2 in order to fasten the second connecting structure 20 via the forefoot outsole element 6 to the sole base 2. The second connecting structure 20 may in a modification be fastened by means of the second fastening elements 26 only to the forefoot outsole element 6 and connected to the sole base 2 indirectly via the forefoot outsole element 6. A direct connection via the second fastening elements 26 and corresponding cavities in the sole base 2 is however preferred.
In the first variant in which the first connecting structure 10 is mounted the second fastening elements 26 are not needed or only to facilitate exchanging the first connecting structure 10 against the second connecting structure 20. The ski boot system may accordingly comprise a further forefoot outsole element which differs from the forefoot outsole element 6 in that it does not comprise the second fasting elements 26. It can be identical in the remainder. If the sole base 2 comprises cavities in alignment with the second fastening elements 26 also in the first variant of the sole 1 and if the cavities are provided as through-holes these through-holes may be sealed by means of a sealing mass filling the through-holes and/or covered by the further forefoot outsole element. The further forefoot outsole element may comprise protrusions which protrude into the through-holes of the sole base 2 to seal the same and at the same provide for additional hold on the sole base 2.
The second connecting structure 20 is a conventional connecting structure used already in Nordic skiing. It comprises an attachment base consisting of two sidebars 21. One of the sidebars 21 is arranged left of the longitudinal axis X and the other sidebar 21 is arranged to the right of the longitudinal axis X. The sidebars 21 protrude from the underside of the sole 1 in a direction transverse to the second pivot axis B. The sidebars 21 are interconnected by means of an engaging member 24 which defines the second pivot axis B and engages with a toe piece of a second ski binding when the ski boot is secured to the second ski binding. The engaging member 24 may be formed as a rod or bar which extends in the lateral direction between the two sidebars 21. The engaging member 24 may on both ends be embedded in the sidebars 21 or joint thereto in some other way in order to hold the two sidebars 21 together. The connecting structure 20 as a whole is thereby provided as a compact mounting unit.
The second mounting area 25 is arranged further forward than the first mounting area 15. The second mounting area 25 may advantageously be arranged in its entirety forward of the first mounting area 15, with no overlap, as in the example embodiment. The connecting structures 10 and 20 are sufficiently short in the longitudinal direction to avoid a major axial overlap. They may be short enough to avoid any axial overlap of the two mounting areas 15 and 25. The connecting structures 10 and 20 may be short enough to allow for mounting both connecting structures 10 and 20 on the sole 1 separately at the same time, the first connecting structure 10 behind the second connecting structure 20. In practice, however, only one of the two connecting structures 10 and 20 is mounted.
Figure 10 shows the relationships with regard to the axial position of the first pivot axis A and the axial position of the second pivot axis B. In the plan view, the first pivot axis A, measured along the longitudinal axis X, is axially offset considerably to the rear relative to the second pivot axis B. The second pivot axis B intersects the longitudinal axis X, as seen in the plan view, in an axial region which extends from below the tip of the skier's foot rearward below the most distal phalanx. The pivot axis B intersects the longitudinal axis X at an axial distance d_B from the front axis F. The axial distance d_B is smaller than 20 mm or smaller than 15 mm. Typically, the axial distance d_B is at most 10 mm. The axial offset d_A - d_B of the pivot axes A and B is greater than 10 mm or is at least 20 mm. It may be equal or greater than 25 mm or 27 mm.
The ski boot system may comprise a plurality of outsole heel supports, such as the outsole heel support 40 shown in the figures 1 to 5 as a first heel support and at least one further outsole heel support, for example the outsole heel support 50 shown in the figures 9 and 10 as a second heel support. The heel supports 40 and 50 are removable and interchangeable. The sole 1, here the sole base 2, and the heel supports 40 and 50 are designed accordingly.
The heel supports 40 and 50 may be identical in all respects, so that one of the heel supports 40 and 50 may simply serve as a substitute for the other to replace the other, for example, in the event of wear. In further developments, the heel supports 40 and 50 differ from each other in at least one characteristic. In the example embodiment, the heel supports 40 and 50 differ in thickness, measured transversely to the underside of the sole base 2. A ski boot with the sole base 2 and interface 30, together with the heel supports 40 and 50, forms a ski boot system that offers the possibility of optionally mounting either the first heel support 40 or the second heel support 50.
Figure 11 shows the sole base 2 in combination with the first heel support 40 and the second heel support 50. The skier has the choice to mount either the first heel support 40 or the second heel support 50. The heel supports 40 and 50 are configured to be mounted to the sole base 2 removably so that the heel support which is mounted can be removed non-destructively without the aid of any tool and replaced by the other heel support. The first heel support 40 comprises a free downward facing heel tread surface 41 and the second heel support 50 comprises a free downward facing heel tread surface 51. When secured to the ski binding the respective heel tread surface 41 or 51 will contact a heel piece of the ski binding or directly the ski.
The sole base 2 is formed with a platform 27 arranged in the sole heel portion 4 and there forming the underside of the sole base 2. The platform 27 has a downward facing surface 28, for example a planar surface 28, to which the interface 30 will be attached and preferably bonded. The interface 30 has an upward facing surface, for example a planar surface, facing the platform 27. To facilitate positioning or to properly position and align the interface 30 correctly with respect to the sole base 2, the interface 30 may comprise one or more positioning elements 39. Each respective positioning element 39 co-operates with an associated positioning counter element of the sole base 2. In the example embodiment the interface 30 comprises a first and a second positioning element 39. With these positioning elements 39 and associated positioning counter elements engaged, the interface 30 is positioned and aligned with respect to the sole base 2 and can be pressed against and connected to the platform 27, for example materially bonded, preferably glued. The positioning elements 39 are protrusions which protrude from the upward facing surface 38 of the interface 30 towards the downward facing surface 28 of the platform 27. The positioning counter elements of the sole base 2 are cavities, such as through-holes or deepenings, each arranged and shaped to match with an associated one of the positioning elements 39. The positioning elements 39 may alternatively be provided as cavities, such as through-holes or deepenings, in the interface 30. The positioning counter elements would then be provided as protrusions which protrude from the downward facing surface 28 of the platform 27 towards the upward facing surface 38 of the interface 30.
The platform 27 may ensure that the mating surface 28 and thereby the interface 30 is exposed from the underside of the sole base 2 or can enlarge an already existing exposure in order to make it easier to handle the heel support 40 when mounting it. The platform 27 and the interface 30 both may advantageously be thin, as measured in the vertical direction, to reduce any increase in height which could result from providing the interface 30. The interface 30 without the positioning elements 39 may, for example, have an overall thickness of less than 12 mm or less than 8 mm.
The platform 27 and the interface 30 both are thin, as measured in the vertical direction, to reduce any increase in height which could result from providing the interface 30. The platform 27 may ensure that the interface 30 is exposed from the underside of the sole base 2 or can enlarge an already existing exposure in order to make it easier to handle the heel supports 40 and 50 when mounting the respective one. The interface 30 may have a planar upward facing surface facing the platform 27. The interface 30 without the positioning elements 39 may, for example, have an overall thickness of less than 12 mm or less than 8 mm.
The heel supports 40 and 50 each comprises an engagement portion 42 and 52, respectively, designed to positively engage with the interface 30 in a positive retaining engagement. The heel supports 40 and 50 may each furthermore comprise a covering 43 and 53 forming the heel tread surface 41 and 51, respectively. The covering 43 and the covering 53 may cover at least a part of the associated one of the engagement portions 42 and 52 in a plan view of the respective heel tread surface 41 and 51. The coverings 43 and 53 may differ in shape, such as the shape of the heel tread surface 41 and 51, and/or in dimension, such as vertical thickness, and/or in at least one material property, such as modulus of elasticity, hardness, and damping. In the example embodiment the coverings 43 and 53 differ in vertical thickness, as will be explained below.
Figure 11 shows the sole base 2 without any forefoot outsole element. A forefoot outsole element, such as the forefoot outsole element 6, can be attached and fastened to the sole base 2 by means of a positive and/or a force-fitting engagement and/or by bonding. A forefoot outsole element, such as the forefoot outsole element 6, may furthermore be moulded to and around the sole forefoot portion 3. In the first variant of the sole 1, i.e. with the first connecting structure 10 mounted, the sole 1 may do without a forefoot outsole element so that the sole forefoot portion 3 is formed by the sole base 2 alone.
The sole base 2 may be the same for the first connecting structure 10 and the second connecting structure 20. It may include all of the fastening elements for selectively mounting either the first connecting structure 10 or the second connecting structure 20. If the number of fastening elements, such as through-holes, is to be reduced, a first sole base 2 may be provided for the first connecting structure 10 and a second sole base 2 may be provided for the second connecting structure 20, the two sole bases 2 differing only in that the first sole base 2 has no fastening elements for the second connecting structure 20 and the second sole base 2 has no fastening elements for the first connecting structure 10. Advantageously, the interface 30 may be identical in each of the variants.
Figures 12 and 13 are views showing the sole heel portion 4 from behind. Fig. 12 is a view from below and Fig. 13 is a view slightly from above. The interface 30 is positioned and aligned for mounting to the sole base 2 but still not mounted so that the downward facing surface 28 of the platform 27 and a rear positioning counter element 29 are visible. The interface 30 is in the positive retaining engagement with the first heel support 40. The interface 30 and the heel support 40 form a slider joint in which the interface 30 guides the heel support 40 from an initial position of engagement to a use position of engagement. The slider joint may be a linear (prismatic) joint. The interface 30 may guide the heel support 40 axially, i.e. in the longitudinal direction.
When heel support 40 reaches its use position it is locked in the use position by a releasable locking engagement. The locking engagement may be established automatically when the heel support 40 has reached its use position. The interface 30 and the heel support 40 may comprise a locking member and a locking counter member which engage with one another in the locking engagement. To engage automatically, at least one of these members may be forced to yield against an elastic restoring force during the sliding movement and snap into the locking engagement once the use position is reached. The locking engagement can be released by actuating a respective element, as for example the locking member, and moving it out of the locking engagement against the restoring force.
Figures 12 and 13 show the heel support 40 in an intermediate position of engagement between the initial position and the use position. In the example embodiment, the heel support 40 slides from its initial position rearward towards the use position. The rearward sliding movement may be blocked by means of the releasable locking engagement and/or by means of an axial blocking element 35 of the interface 30. The optional blocking element 35 may, for example, protrude downward at the rear end of the interface 30.
The interface 30 has guideways 34 that extend axially. These may be lateral guideways 34, a left guideway 34 and a right guideway 34. Guideways 34 may project freely to the sides. Heel support 40 comprises associated guided members 44 for engaging the guideways 34. These may be lateral guided members 44, a left guided member 44 for engaging the left guideway 34 and a right guided member 44 for engaging the right guideway 34. The respective guided member 44 reaches behind the associated guideway 34 thereby retaining the heel support 40 at the interface 30 and via the interface 30 at the sole base 2 in sliding engagement with the interface 30.
In reaching behind, the guided members 44 may protrude into an axially extending gap 33 which, in advantageous embodiments, remains between the respective guideway 34 and the underside of the sole heel portion 4, here, between the guideways 34 and the downward-facing surface 28 of the platform 27. Each of the guideways 34 is a retaining member and each of the guided members 44 is a retaining counter member, as mentioned above in connection with Fig. 1. The gap 33 is not created until the interface 30 is connected to the sole base 2. However, Fig. 2 gives a good impression of how the respective gap 33 is determined.
The heel support 40 may engage around the guideways 34 with its guided members 44 to create the positive retaining engagement. Heel support 40 may clamp interface 30 in the engagement around. If a gap 33 is formed between the underside of the sole heel portion 4 and the guideways 34 of interface 30, the guided members 44 of heel support 40 may alternatively or in addition be clamped in the gap 33. The respective clamping engagement, if realized, is configured such that heel support 40 is not prevented from sliding.
In forming the guideways 34, the interface 30 may taper in a step-like manner in cross-section outwardly to the left and right away from the underside of the sole heel portion 4, or in other words, the interface 30 may rise between the guideways 34 in a raised manner toward the sole heel portion 4. In the lateral direction between the guideways 34, the interface 30 may form a flat plateau and correspondingly the left and right gaps 33 towards the sole heel portion 4.
The guided members 44 may project upwardly from the heel support 40 toward the sole heel portion 4 and may project inwardly toward each other in their upper end portion, the respective inward projection forming a retaining section. The respective retaining section may form an upper end of the respective guided member 44. In cross-section of the heel support 40, the guided members 44 may be hook-shaped, for example having the shape of an angle, in particular a right angle.
The left and right guided members 44 may each include an upstanding lateral guide section that may engage the interface 30 on the left and right sides in sliding contact with the guideways 34. An axially elongated lateral guide section may be provided on the left side and/or the right side of the heel support 40, from which an elongated retaining section or, more expediently, two or more axially shorter and axially spaced apart retaining sections project inwardly and engage behind the respective guideway 34 in the retaining engagement.
The pivot axes A and B can also have a transverse, at least predominantly vertical offset to each other. More specifically, a first pivot axis plane which is parallel to the longitudinal axis X and contains the pivot axis A may have a transverse offset from a second pivot axis plane which is parallel to the longitudinal axis X and contains the pivot axis B. The transverse offset is measured orthogonally to one of the two planes by a point on the pivot axis, e.g. the first pivot axis A, extending in the one of the two planes, the point being laterally within the boundaries of the respective connecting structure, e.g. the first connecting structure 10.
The first heel support 40 and the second heel support 50 are identical as far as the engagement with the interface 30 is concerned and can accordingly be interchanged. They may differ with respect to thickness, as mentioned, so that the distance between the interface 30 and the downward facing heel tread surface 41 and 51 of the respective heel support 40 and 50 can be varied. The difference in thickness of the heel supports 40 and 50 may compensate for variations with respect to the position of the pivot axes A and B relative to the sole 1.
In Figure 14 the position of the first pivot axis A and the position of the second pivot axis B are compared with respect to the transverse or vertical direction. In the upper part of figure 14 sole 1 is shown with the first connecting structure 10 and the associated first heel support 40 mounted. In the lower part the sole 1 is shown with the second connecting structure 20 and the associated second heel support 50 mounted. The two variants, namely, sole 1, connecting structure 10 and heel support 40 in the upper part and sole 1, connecting structure 20 and heel support 50 in the lower part, are each shown in a horizontal side view which is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis X of the respective ski boot. Each of the two variants is shown in a position it assumes when its connecting structure and thereby the respective ski boot is secured to the associated ski binding of a ski which is laying on a planar horizontal underground. It is assumed that the longitudinal axis X is a horizontal. The respective ski boot rests on the heel tread surface 41 and 51 of the associated heel support 40 and 50 and can pivot about its pivot axis A and B, respectively.
X_A is a first pivot axis plane which contains the first pivot axis A and is parallel to the underground at least in the longitudinal direction. X_B is a second pivot axis plane that contains the second pivot axis B and is parallel to the underground at least in the longitudinal direction. The first pivot axis A and also its pivot axis plane X_A are plotted in relation to the second pivot axis B and its pivot axis plane X_B. One can conceive the lower part of figure 14 as a superposition of the lower and the upper part with only the first connecting structure 10 and the first heel support 40 omitted. The comparison in the example embodiment reveals that the first pivot axis A is positioned lower than the second pivot axis B. The offset h_AB is the transverse distance between the two pivot axis planes X_A and X_B.
The first heel support 40 may be thicker than the second heel support 50 to compensate for the transverse offset h_AB. This does not mean that the difference in thickness is exactly h_AB since the difference in thickness may compensate for other or further variations caused by the axial offset of the pivot axes A and B. Other factors such as individual factors and preferences of the skier may also play a role.
The sole 1 is optimized with respect to the first variant in which the pivot axis is at an advantageous rearward position. The optimization aims at balancing the freedom of pivoting on the one and control over the ski on the other hand. When the first connecting structure 10 is mounted, there is a point or line on the underside of the sole 1 with which the ski boot comes closest to the ski or the binding, i.e. to the vertically opposite surface, when pivoting about the first pivot axis A. This point or line is a critical point with respect to pivoting and is denoted by P_crit in the upper part of figure 14.
As can be seen in the upper part of figure 14, a free space extends between the underside of the sole 1 and the pivot axis plane X_A. The free space extends in the side view, i.e. over the full width of the sole 1, from the first pivot axis in the forward direction up to the foremost end of the ski boot. The critical point P_crit is spaced from the pivot axis plane X_A by a vertical distance h_A. The vertical projection of the critical point P_crit onto the pivot axis plane X_A is spaced from the pivot axis A by a distance d'_A measured in the pivot axis plane X_A. Both distances h_A and d'_A are measured in the side view.
The distance d'_A is greater than 20 mm or is at least 27 mm. The distance d'_A is greater than d_A, i.e. the critical point P_crit is further forward than the front axis F of the boot internal rim 5. It is advantageous if the axial offset from the front axis is small, e.g. smaller than 10 mm or smaller than 5 mm and preferably smaller than 3 mm.
The sole 1, in the example embodiment the sole base 2 and the forefoot outsole element 6, is shaped such that the ratio h_A : d'_A is greater than 2:10 or is at least 2:9. A good balance is achieved if h_A : d'_A is 0.25 ± 0.05.
The connecting structure 10 as such accounts for a part of the distance h_A. The distance between the pivot axis A and the upward facing contact surface of the connecting structure 10 may be used as a representative of this part. The contact surface of the connecting structure 10 is the surface with which the connecting structure 10 is in contact with the sole 1. The shape of the sole 1, such as the shape axially over the second mounting area 25, makes up the remaining part of the distance h_A. The shape of the first connecting area 15 also contributes to this, in particular if the first mounting area 15 is inclined upwards in the direction of the tip of the ski boot away from the pivot axis plane X_A, as is advantageously the case in the example embodiment. The distance between the pivot axis A and the upward facing contact surface of the connecting structure 10 is small, not the least in order to prevent the connecting structure 10 from protruding too much for walking without ski. This internal distance with respect to the connecting structure 10 may advantageously be smaller than half of the distance h_A.

Claims

A ski boot system comprising:
1.1 a ski boot with a sole (1) having a sole forefoot portion (3) and a sole heel portion (4) arranged along a longitudinal axis (X) of the ski boot,

1.2 a first connecting structure (10) for securing the ski boot to a first ski binding of a first ski, and

1.3 a second connecting structure (20), separate from the first connecting structure (10), for securing the ski boot to a second ski binding of a second ski,

1.4 the first connecting structure (10) or the second connecting structure (20) mounted on the sole (1),

1.5 the first connecting structure (10), if mounted, defining below the sole forefoot portion (3) a lateral first pivot axis (A) for pivoting the ski boot about the first pivot axis (A) relative to the first ski, the first pivot axis (A) intersecting the longitudinal axis (X), as seen in a plan view onto the sole (1), and

1.6 the second connecting structure (20), if mounted, defining below the sole forefoot portion (3) a lateral second pivot axis (B) for pivoting the ski boot about the second pivot axis (B) relative to the second ski, the second pivot axis (B) intersecting the longitudinal axis (X), in the plan view, in front of the first pivot axis (A),

1.7 wherein the sole (1) comprises a downwardly facing first mounting area (15) for mounting the first connecting structure (10) in surface contact with the first mounting area (15) and a downwardly facing second mounting area (25) for mounting the second connecting structure (20) in surface contact with the second mounting area (25), and

1.8 wherein the second mounting area (25) is axially further forward than the first mounting area (15).
System according to claim 1, wherein
- the first connecting structure (10) is mounted and at least the major part of the second mounting area (25) is located forward of the first connecting structure (10), or

- the second connecting structure (20) is mounted and at least the major part of the first mounting area (15) is located rearward of the second connecting structure (20).
System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein
- the first connecting structure (10) comprises a first base (11) having a contact surface for contacting the first mounting area (15) of the sole (1), a left engagement member (14) and a right engagement member (14) together defining the first pivot axis (A) and forming a pivot joint with a toe piece of the first ski binding, the first pivot axis (A) being the pivot axis of the pivot joint, and/or

- the second connecting structure (20) comprises a second base (21) having a contact surface for contacting the second mounting area (25) of the sole (1) and an engagement rod (14) defining the second pivot axis (B) and forming a pivot joint with a toe piece of the second ski binding, the second pivot axis (B) being the pivot axis of the pivot joint.
System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first connecting structure (10) has a contact surface shaped to nestle against the first mounting area (15) of the sole (1) and/or the second connecting structure (20) has a contact surface shaped to nestle against the second mounting area (25) of the sole (1).
System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first connecting structure (10) is configured to define only the first pivot axis (A), and/or the second connecting structure (20) is configured to define only the second pivot axis (A).
System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first connecting structure (10) is mounted and the sole (1) comprises one or more second fastening elements (26) for mounting the second connecting structure (20) to the sole (1), and wherein the one or more second fastening element(s) (26) is/are arranged axially further forward than the first connecting structure (10), the respective second fastening element (26) optionally being a hole in the sole (1) sealed against the ingress of moisture.
System according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the second connecting structure (20) is mounted and the sole (1) comprises one or more first fastening elements (16) for mounting the first connecting structure (10) to the sole (1), and wherein the one or more first fastening element(s) (16) is/are arranged axially further rearward than the second connecting structure (20), the respective first fastening element (16) optionally being a hole in the sole (1) sealed against the ingress of moisture.
System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sole (1) comprises a sole base (2) forming the sole forefoot portion (3) and the sole heel portion (4) in one piece.
System according to the preceding claim, wherein the sole (1) comprises a forefoot outsole element (6) attached to the sole base (2) and covering at least a portion of the underside of the forefoot sole portion (3) of the sole base (2).
System according to the preceding claim, wherein the forefoot outsole element (6) comprises one or more through-holes (26) and the sole base (2) comprises one or more cavities, such as one or more through-holes or deepenings, in alignment with the one or more through-holes (26) of the forefoot outsole element (6) to allow the shaft of a screw or rivet or a pin to protrude through the respective through-hole (26) of the forefoot outsole element (6) and through or into the corresponding cavity of the sole base (2) for mounting the second connecting structure (20) to the sole (1).
System according to any one of the three immediately preceding claims, wherein
- the sole base (2) forms the first mounting area (15) and the first connecting structure (10), if mounted, is mounted directly to the sole base (2), and/or

- the forefoot outsole element (6) of claim 9 forms the second mounting area (25) and the second connecting structure (20), if mounted, is mounted to the forefoot outsole element (6).
System according to any one of the preceding claims in combination with claim 8, comprising:
- an interface (30) attached to or formed by the sole base (2) and located in or below the sole heel portion (4) of the sole base (2),

- a first heel support (40), and

- a second heel support (50),
wherein the interface (30), the first heel support (40) and the second heel support (50) are configured such that each of the heel supports (40, 50) is releasably connectable to the sole base (2) via the interface (30), preferably by positive retaining engagement with the interface (30), and is interchangeable with the other.
System according to the preceding claim, wherein the first heel support (40) and the second heel support (50) are each configured for positive retaining engagement with the interface (30), the respective heel support (40, 50) being movable in the retaining engagement relative to the interface (30) between an initial position and a use position, the respective heel support (40, 50) optionally being locked in the use position by a releasable locking engagement of the respective heel support (40, 50) and the interface (30).
System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second pivot axis (B) intersects the longitudinal axis (X), in the plan view, with an axial offset (d_A - d_B) from the first pivot axis (A), the axial offset being large enough to allow mounting the second connecting structure (20) to the sole (1) axially in front of the first connecting structure (10) while the first connecting structure (10) is still mounted.
System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein
15.1 the ski boot comprises an upper (19), the sole (1) and the upper (19) enclosing a boot internal space for accommodating a skier's foot,

15.2 the sole (1), optionally, comprises a sole upstanding portion (7, 8),

15.3 the upper (19) and/or the sole upstanding portion (7, 8), if present, extend(s) upwards from an upward facing surface of the sole (1) along a boot internal rim (5) that borders the upward facing surface of the sole (1) within the boot internal space,

15.4 the longitudinal axis (X) extends from a rearmost point (RP) on the boot internal rim (5), as seen in the plan view onto the sole (1), through a central region of the sole forefoot portion (3),

15.5 the first pivot axis (A) intersects the longitudinal axis (X), as seen in the plan view onto the sole (1), at a first axial distance (d_A) rearward of a front axis (F) of the sole (1), the front axis (F) being orthogonal to the longitudinal axis (X) and tangential to a foremost end of the boot internal rim (5),

15.6 wherein the first axial distance (d_A) is greater than 20 mm or greater than 30 mm and smaller than 70 mm or smaller than 55 mm.
Ski boot according to the preceding claim, wherein the longitudinal axis (X), in the top view, passes through a center point (CP) located on a straight connecting line (BG) that connects, in the sole forefoot portion (3), a most medial point (MP) and a most lateral point (LP) of the boot internal rim (5), the center point (CP) being equidistant, along the connecting line (BG), to the most medial point (MP) and the most lateral point (LP), and wherein the pivot axis (A), in the top view, intersects the longitudinal axis (X) forward of the center point (CP).
System according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein
- the first connecting structure (10) is mounted and the ski boot is secured to the first ski binding of the first ski which lying on a planar horizontal underground, the ski boot being pivotable about the first pivot axis (A) and resting on a heel contact surface of the first ski binding or the first ski,

- in a horizontal side view orthogonal to the longitudinal axis (X), a free space extends between the underside of the sole (1) and a pivot axis plane (X_A) which contains the first pivot axis (A) and is parallel to the underground at least in the longitudinal direction (X),

- the free space extends from the first pivot axis (A) in the forward direction up to the foremost end of the ski boot,

- the sole (1) comprises a critical point (P_crit) which comes closest to the underground when the ski boot is pivoted about the first pivot axis (A),

- the critical point (P_A) is spaced from the pivot axis plane (X_A) by a vertical distance h_A and its vertical projection on the pivot axis plane (X_A) is spaced from the pivot axis (A) by a horizontal distance d'_A greater than 20 mm or greater than 30 mm, both distances measured in the side view,

- wherein the ratio h_A : d'_A is greater than 2:10 or is at least 2:9.