Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
  • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
  • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
  • G09G3/3406—Control of illumination source
  • G09G3/342—Control of illumination source using several illumination sources separately controlled corresponding to different display panel areas, e.g. along one dimension such as lines
  • G09G3/3426—Control of illumination source using several illumination sources separately controlled corresponding to different display panel areas, e.g. along one dimension such as lines the different display panel areas being distributed in two dimensions, e.g. matrix
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
  • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
  • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
  • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
  • G09G2300/02—Composition of display devices
  • G09G2300/023—Display panel composed of stacked panels
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
  • G09G2320/06—Adjustment of display parameters
  • G09G2320/068—Adjustment of display parameters for control of viewing angle adjustment
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G2360/00—Aspects of the architecture of display systems
  • G09G2360/16—Calculation or use of calculated indices related to luminance levels in display data
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
  • G09G2380/00—Specific applications
  • G09G2380/10—Automotive applications

Definitions

• the present disclosure generally relates to display systems and methods for a dual cell Gaussian algorithm in a local-dimming display to render a rear display less noticeable, such as within an electronic instrument panel of a vehicle.
• a conventional vehicle includes an instrument panel.
• the instrument panel may include clusters of gauges and one or more displays, with each presenting operationally relevant information to a user.
• An instrument panel may be positioned within the user’s field of view.
• the individual gauges and displays are configured to convey particular pieces of information, such as a remaining fuel level, a current speed and heading, and an ambient, external, and/or component-level temperature.
• Conventional displays used in the instrument panel may include zone backlighting to increase a contrast ratio between white areas and black areas.
• the zones are generally much larger than a pixel size of the display.
• a local-dimming display is provided herein.
• the local-dimming display generally includes a light source, a first display and a second display.
• the light source is configured to generate a backlight.
• the first display is aligned with the light source and includes a plurality of first pixels. Each of the plurality of first pixels is configured to selectively pass and block the backlight.
• the second display is aligned with the first display and includes a plurality of second pixels.
• a particular pixel of the plurality of second pixels is controlled to pass the backlight.
• the particular pixel corresponds with an aligned pixel of the plurality of first pixels, a plurality of parallax pixels of the plurality of first pixels, and a plurality of neighboring pixels of the plurality of first pixels.
• the aligned pixel is controlled to pass the backlight at a first transmit level.
• the plurality of parallax pixels are controlled to pass the backlight at the first transmit level and surround the aligned pixel.
• the plurality of neighboring pixels are controlled to pass the backlight at one or more second transmit levels and surround the plurality of parallax pixels.
• the one or more second transmit levels are less than or equal to the first transmit level.
• the plurality of the first pixels cooperating at the first transmit level and the one or more second transmit levels selectively presents the backlight to the second display with a declining intensity pattern in the plurality of neighboring pixels.
• the declining intensity pattern is a Gaussian tapering in the one or more second transmit levels.
• a plurality of buffer pixels of the plurality of first pixels are disposed between the plurality of parallax pixels and the plurality of neighboring pixels, and controlled to the first transmit level.
• the declining intensity pattern extends through the plurality of buffer pixels.
• the plurality of parallax pixels form at least a 3x3 array centered around the aligned pixel.
• a second particular pixel of the plurality of second pixels controlled to pass the backlight corresponds with a second aligned pixel of the plurality of first pixels at the first transmit level, a plurality of second parallax pixels of the plurality of first pixels at the first transmit level, and a plurality of second neighboring pixels of the plurality of first pixels at the one or more second transmit levels.
• the plurality of second parallax pixels surround the second aligned pixel.
• the plurality of second neighboring pixels surround the plurality of second parallax pixels.
• one or more overlapping pixels of the plurality of first pixels set to the first transmit level due to the particular pixel and set to the one or more second transmit levels due to the second particular pixel are set to the first transmit level.
• one or more overlapping pixels of the plurality of first pixels set to two different levels of the one or more second transmit levels due to the particular pixel and the second particular pixel are set to a highest of the two different levels.
• the first display is a monochrome display and the plurality of first pixels are a plurality of
• the second display is a color display and the plurality of second pixels are a plurality of color pixels.
• the instrument panel includes an electronic control unit and a plurality of displays in electrical communication with the electronic control unit. At least one of the plurality of displays includes a light source configured to generate a backlight, a monochrome display aligned with the light source and having a plurality of monochrome pixels, wherein each of the plurality of monochrome pixels is configured to selectively pass and block the backlight, and a color display aligned with the monochrome display and having a plurality of color pixels.
• a particular pixel of the plurality of color pixels is controlled to pass the backlight.
• the particular pixel corresponds with an aligned pixel of the plurality of monochrome pixels, a plurality of parallax pixels of the plurality of monochrome pixels, and a plurality of neighboring pixels of the plurality of monochrome pixels.
• the aligned pixel is controlled to pass the backlight at a first transmit level.
• the plurality of parallax pixels are controlled to pass the backlight at the first transmit level and surround the aligned pixel.
• the plurality of neighboring pixels are controlled to pass the backlight at one or more second transmit levels and surround the plurality of parallax pixels.
• the one or more second transmit levels are less than or equal to the first transmit level.
• the plurality of the monochrome pixels cooperating at the first transmit level and the one or more second transmit levels selectively present the backlight to the color display with a declining intensity pattern in the plurality of neighboring pixels.
• the declining intensity pattern is a Gaussian tapering in the one or more second transmit levels.
• a plurality of buffer pixels of the plurality of monochrome pixels are disposed between the plurality of parallax pixels and the plurality of neighboring pixels, and controlled to the first transmit level.
• the declining intensity pattern extends through the plurality of buffer pixels.
• the plurality of parallax pixels form at least a 3x3 array centered around the aligned pixel.
• a second particular pixel of the plurality of color pixels controlled to pass the backlight corresponds with a second aligned pixel of the plurality of monochrome pixels at the first transmit level, a plurality of second parallax pixels of the plurality of monochrome pixels at the first transmit level, and a plurality of second neighboring pixels of the plurality of monochrome pixels at the one or more second transmit levels.
• the plurality of second parallax pixels surround the second aligned pixel.
• the plurality of second neighboring pixels surround the plurality of second parallax pixels.
• one or more overlapping pixels of the plurality of monochrome pixels set to the first transmit level due to the particular pixel and set to the one or more second transmit levels due to the second particular pixel are set to the first transmit level.
• one or more overlapping pixels of the plurality of monochrome pixels set to two different levels of the one or more second transmit levels due to the particular pixel and the second particular pixel are set to a highest of the two different levels.
• the electronic control unit and the plurality of displays are mountable in a vehicle.
• a non-transitory computer readable medium has recorded instructions, executable by a processor, for control of a local-dimming display. Execution of the instructions causes the processor to control a light source of the local-dimming display.
• the light source is configured to generate a backlight
• the processor controls a monochrome display of the local-dimming display.
• the monochrome display is aligned with the light source and has a plurality of monochrome pixels. Each of the plurality of monochrome pixels is configured to selectively pass and block the backlight.
• the processor controls a color display of the local-dimming display.
• the color display is aligned with the monochrome display and has a plurality of color pixels.
• a particular pixel of the plurality of color pixels is controlled to pass the backlight.
• the particular pixel corresponds with an aligned pixel of the plurality of monochrome pixels, a plurality of parallax pixels of the plurality of monochrome pixels, and a plurality of neighboring pixels of the plurality of monochrome pixels.
• the aligned pixel is controlled to pass the backlight at a first transmit level.
• the plurality of parallax pixels are controlled to pass the backlight at the first transmit level and surround the aligned pixel.
• the plurality of neighboring pixels are controlled to pass the backlight at one or more second transmit levels and surround the plurality of parallax pixels.
• the one or more second transmit levels are less than or equal to the first transmit level.
• the plurality of the monochrome pixels cooperating at the first transmit level and the one or more second transmit levels selectively present the backlight to the color display with a declining intensity pattern in the plurality of neighboring pixels.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a context of a platform.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a local-dimming display in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 3 illustrates a parallax diagram in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 4 illustrates a graph that shows Snell’s law in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 5 illustrates a portion of a first display in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 6 illustrates a portion of a second display in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 7 illustrates an NxN Gaussian kernel in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 8 illustrates a kernel correlation process in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 9 illustrates a first input impulse image in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 10 illustrates a first filtered output image in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 11 illustrates a second input image surrounded by buffer pixels in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 12 illustrates a second filtered output image in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 13 illustrates a normalized filtered output image with buffered pixels in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 14 illustrates a third input image with parallax pixel buffers in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 15 illustrates a third filtered output image with parallax pixels in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 16 illustrates a fourth input image in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 17 illustrates a fourth filtered output image in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 18 illustrates a vertical one-dimensional Gaussian kernel in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 19 illustrates a horizontal one-dimensional Gaussian kernel in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a context of a platform 90.
• the platform 90 generally includes a body 92, an electronic control unit 94 and one or more displays 100a- 100c.
• the body 92 may implement a body of a vehicle.
• the vehicle may include mobile vehicles such as automobiles, trucks, motorcycles, boats, trains and/or aircraft.
• the body 92 may be part of a stationary object.
• the stationary objects may include, but are not limited to, billboards, kiosks and/or marquees.
• Other types of platforms 90 may be implemented to meet the design criteria of a particular application.
• the electronic control unit 94 may implement one or more display-drive circuits.
• the electronic control unit 94 is generally operational to generate control signals that drive the displays 100a- 100c.
• the control signals may be configured to provide instrumentation (e.g. speed, tachometer, fuel, temperature, etc.) to at least one of the displays lOOa-lOOc (e.g., 100a).
• the control signals may also be configured to provide video (e.g., a rear-view camera video, a forward-view camera video, an on-board DVD player, etc.) to the displays lOOa-lOOc.
• the control signals may be further configured to provide alphanumeric information shown on one or more of the displays lOOa-lOOc.
• the electronic control unit 94 generally comprises at least one microcontroller.
• the at least one microcontroller may include one or more processors, each of which may be embodied as a separate processor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or a dedicated electronic control unit.
• ASIC application specific integrated circuit
• FPGA field programmable gate array
• the at least one microcontroller may be any sort of electronic processor (implemented in hardware, software executing on hardware, or a combination of both).
• the at least one microcontroller may also include tangible, non-transitory memory, (e.g., read only memory in the form of optical, magnetic, and/or flash memory).
• the at least one microcontroller may include application- suitable amounts of random-access memory, read-only memory, flash memory and other types of electrically-erasable programmable read-only memory, as well as accompanying hardware in the form of a high-speed clock or timer, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog circuitry, and input/output circuitry and devices, as well as appropriate signal conditioning and buffer circuitry.
• Computer-readable and executable instructions embodying the present method may be stored in the memory and executed as set forth herein.
• the executable instructions may be a series of instructions employed to run applications on the at least one microcontroller (either in the foreground or background).
• the at least one microcontroller may receive commands and information, in the form of one or more input signals from various controls or components in the platform 90 and communicate instructions to the displays 100a- 100c through one or more control signals to control the displays lOOa-lOOc.
• the displays 100a- 100c are generally mounted to the body 92. In various embodiments, one or more of the displays 100a- 100c may be disposed inside the platform (e.g., vehicle) 90. In other embodiments, one or more of the displays 100a- 100c may be disposed exterior to the platform 90. One or more of the displays 100a- 100c may implement a local dimming backlight capability. As illustrated, the display 100a may be a cluster display positioned for use by a driver. The display 100b may be a console display positioned for use by the driver and a passenger. The display 100c may be a passenger display positioned for use by the passenger. Control signals used to generate images on the displays 100a- 100c may be received from the electronic control unit 94.
• FIG. 2 illustrates an example embodiment of a local-dimming display lOOx in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• the local- dimming display lOOx may be representative of each display lOOa-lOOc.
• the local- dimming display (or circuit) lOOx generally comprises a light source 110, a rear reflector 112, a backlight light pipe 114, a rear diffuser 116, one or more brightness enhancement films (BEFs) 118, a rear reflective polarizer 120, a monochrome (or first) display 122, a front reflective polarizer 124, a front diffuser 126, a rear linear dye polarizer 128, a color (or second) display 130 and a front linear dye polarizer 132.
• BEFs brightness enhancement films
• the light source 110 may be implemented as one or more light emitting diodes.
• the light source 110 is generally operational to present light into the backlight light pipe 114 along one or more edges.
• the backlight light pipe 114 is generally operational to spread the light received from the light source 110 over an area of the local-dimming display lOOx.
• Some light presented from the backlight light pipe 114 may be driven- pixel backlight 134 that is passed through the monochrome display 122. Some light may be incorrect-polarization backlight 136 that is recycled back toward the backlight light pipe 114 by the rear reflective polarizer 120. Still other backlight may be undriven-pixel backlight 138 that may be rotated and reflected back toward the backlight light pipe 114 by the front reflective polarizer 124 for recycling.
• the two reflective polarizers 120 and 124 may be used in conjunction with the monochrome display 122 (e.g., a monochrome thin-film-transistor display) to produce a local dimming backlight with relatively high optical efficiency.
• the monochrome display 122 e.g., a monochrome thin-film-transistor display
• a variation of the optical system may not include the front reflective polarizer 124 and/or the front diffuser 126. Although a system efficiency may be reduced by removing the front reflective polarizer 124, the efficiency of the system may be sufficient with only the rear reflective polarizer 120. Additionally, the front diffuser 126 may be removed if other moire interference removal methods are utilized thus affording additional
• a Gaussian intensity pattern or function or other similar smoothing intensity pattern, may be employed on monochrome (or first) pixels of the monochrome display 122 so that an observer (or user) does not notice a sharp demarcation of the monochrome on-to-off transition behind color (or second) pixels of the color display 130.
• a basic operating principle is that transmission axes of the two reflective polarizers 120 and 124 are aligned with a transmission axis of the rear linear dye polarizer 128 on the back side of the color display 130 (e.g., a color thin-film- transistor display).
• the monochrome display 122 is configured to rotate polarized light by 90 degrees in the undriven state and to not rotate the polarized light in the driven state.
• polarized light e.g., the driven-pixel backlight 134 travels through both reflective polarizers 120 and 124 and through the rear linear dye polarizer 128 on the back of the color display 130 to be utilized by the color display 130 to produce a color image.
• the polarized light travelling through the rear reflective polarizer 120 is rotated by 90 degrees by the monochrome display 122.
• the rotated light e.g., the undriven-pixel backlight 138
• the front reflective polarizer 124 may be reflected by the front reflective polarizer 124 and rotated back into the backlight light pipe 114 through the rear reflective polarizer 120 to be recycled for use.
• Any light presented by the backlight light pipe 114 that does not have an appropriate polarization e.g., the incorrect-polarization backlight 136) may be reflected by the rear reflective polarizer 120 back into the backlight light pipe 114.
• each monochrome pixel may be dynamically configured to either rotate or not rotate the polarized light thereby producing a local dimming backlight at the monochrome pixel level at multiple transmission levels (e.g., 2 N transmit levels for an N-bit control per pixel).
• multiple transmission levels e.g. 2 N transmit levels for an N-bit control per pixel.
• the monochrome display 122 may be, for instance, larger by a factor (e.g., an integer factor of 2 to 4) than color pixels in the color display 130 to account for alignment tolerances.
• the factor generally leads to a constrained halo zone that may be difficult to see due to the luminance of the adjacent transmitting monochrome pixel(s).
• the front diffuser 126 may reduce moire effects (e.g., interference patterns) due to intermodulation visual effects of the two thin-film-transistor structures of the monochrome display 122 and the color display 130.
• the front diffuser 126 and/or the rear diffuser 116 may reduce the effective transmission of the local-dimming display lOOx (e.g., by up to 30 percent). Therefore, in various embodiments, the front diffuser 126 and/or the rear diffuser 116 may be eliminated or reduced in diffusion. In some designs, a design of the row and column lines in the monochrome display 122 and the color display 130 may be changed to eliminate the moire effect. However, the softened edges of the monochrome lit pixels may become sharper and more noticeable due to the change.
• the color display 130 generally comprises a matrix of color pixels.
• the color pixels may be controlled to transmit the light received from the monochrome display 122 at a variety of transmission levels (e.g., 2 N transmit levels for an N-bit control per pixel).
• the color display 130 may have more color pixels per inch than the monochrome pixels in the monochrome display 122.
• Various embodiments generally provide an algorithm to soften a transition of the lit color pixels to a dark surrounding by providing a gradual backlight transition.
• the gradual backlight transition may utilize a gray shade capability of the monochrome display 122.
• a parallax analysis was performed to determine a number of the monochrome pixels that may be controlled around a lit color pixel to properly illuminate the lit color pixel under extreme viewing angle criteria.
• FIG. 3 illustrates an example parallax diagram 200 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• An observer e.g., a person
• the local-dimming display lOOx may be representative of the displays lOOa-lOOc.
• the parallax diagram 200 generally comprises a color thin-film-transistor display 204 and a monochrome thin-film-transistor display 206.
• the color thin-film-transistor display 204 may include a color liquid crystal layer 208 having a matrix of color pixels.
• the monochrome thin-film-transistor display 206 may include a monochrome liquid crystal layer 210 having another matrix of monochrome pixels.
• a number of nearest neighboring monochrome pixels of the monochrome thin-film-transistor display 206 in a given range (e.g., D) that should to be turned on behind a single color pixel of the color thin-film-transistor display 204 generally depends on glass thicknesses (e.g., D1 and D2) that are used for both the color thin- film-transistor display 204 and the monochrome thin-film-transistor display 206.
• the range D may vary depending on a separation between the color liquid crystal layer 208 and the monochrome liquid crystal layer 210.
• FIG. 4 illustrates an example graph 220 that shows Snell’s law in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• the optical material e.g., glass
• a thin-film-transistor display e.g., the color thin-film- transistor display 204 and/or the monochrome thin-film-transistor display 206
• the air outside of the thin-film-transistor display may have a second index of refraction (e.g., m).
• Light traveling through the thin-film-transistor display may be at an angle (e.g., qi) relative to a normal to a front surface (e.g., the surface facing the observer 202) of the thin-film-transistor display.
• the light traveling through the air may be at an angle (Q2) relative to the normal for the front surface.
• Snell’s law generally states that a ratio of the angles Q1/Q2 matches a ratio of the indices of refraction m/ .
• the range D may be 0.67mm for the 60-degree viewing angle Q2 according to equation 2 as follows:
• a number (N) of nearest neighboring monochrome pixels that should be turned on may be determined by equation 4 as follows:
• FIG. 5 illustrates an example portion of a first display 230 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• the first display 230 may be viewed by the observer 202 from perpendicular to the surface of the first display 230.
• the first display 230 is illustrated as multiple (e.g., 2 illustrated) color pixels 232a- 232b and multiple (e.g., 1 illustrated) monochrome pixels 234a.
• Light emitted through the monochrome pixel 234a in the drive state e.g., turned on
• FIG. 6 illustrates another example portion of a second display 240 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• the second display 240 may be viewed by the observer 202 from a non-normal angle to the surface of the second display 240.
• the second display 240 is illustrated as multiple (e.g., 4 illustrated) color pixels 232a-232d and multiple (e.g., 2 illustrated) monochrome pixels 234a-234b.
• Backlight passing through the monochrome pixel 234b in the drive state may back illuminate the color pixel 232b from the viewing angle of the observer 202 even though the color pixel 232b is aligned with the monochrome pixel 234a.
• the color pixel 232d may be illuminated by another monochrome pixel neighboring the monochrome pixel 234b.
• FIG. 7 illustrates an example NxN Gaussian kernel in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• the NxN Gaussian kernel may be illustrated as a 3x3 Gaussian kernel 250.
• a Gaussian type convolution may be applied to monochrome black to white transitions.
• the convolution may be implemented with a Gaussian kernel.
• a Gaussian kernel with a 3x3 size may be formed as shown in the figure.
• Image processing kernels are generally 3x3 or 5x5 in size. Other image processing kernels may be implemented to meet the design criteria of a particular application.
• FIG. 8 illustrates an example kernel correlation process 260 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• a Gaussian kernel (or mask) convolution process generally involves generating a filtered image from an original image by applying the kernel correlation process 260.
• the kernel correlation process 260 may be performed for every pixel in the input image to form the output image.
• the filtered image (e.g., output image) may be generated as a center of an NxN kernel mask visits every pixel in the input image. Arrays of products may be formed by the visits.
• the kernel correlation process 260 generally multiplies all of the original image cell values (e.g., f(i,j)) by the mask values (e.g., h(i,j)).
• the products may be subsequently summed.
• the sums may be scaled by a constant (e.g., C) to calculate the output pixels (e.g., g(i,j)) in the filtered image.
• the output pixels may be determined by equation 5 as follows:
• FIG. 9 illustrates an example first input impulse image 270 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• the first input impulse image 270 may implement an impulse image having a central input pixel that is“on”, illustrated as a unit value (e.g., one), and all surrounding pixels are“off’, illustrated as having null values (e.g., zero).
• FIG. 10 illustrates an example first filtered output image 280 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• the first filtered output image 280 may be created.
• the first filtered output image 280 results in the original 3x3 Gaussian kernel 250 which shows an edge smoothing function (e.g., a declining intensity pattern).
• matches the sum of the values in the 3x3 Gaussian kernel 250 e.g.,
• the filtered output image may be scaled by dividing the results by the sum of the kernel values.
• the first filtered output image 280 may form a mask used to control the monochrome pixels in the monochrome display 122 to backlight a central color pixel in the color display 130.
• the central value in the mask applied to the monochrome display 122 may be aligned with and provide some of the backlight for the central color pixel in the color display 130. Therefore, the central value in the mask may be referred to as an aligned pixel in the monochrome display 122.
• the other monochrome pixels in the mask may provide a remainder of the backlight for the central color pixel.
• FIG. 11 illustrates an example second input image 290 surrounded by buffer pixels in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• an additional buffer of“on” pixels may be used around the desired image pixels.
• the central pixel and eight adjoining pixels e.g., one pixel distance from the center
• the remining pixels may be“off’.
• FIG. 12 illustrates an example second filtered output image 300 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• Applying the 3x3 Gaussian kernel 250 to the second input image 290 generally results in the second filtered output image 300.
• the second filtered output image 300 may have a broader (both horizontally and vertically) distribution of non-zero values away from the central value.
• the buffer“on” pixels in the second input image 290 may increase the value of the central pixel in the second filtered output image 300.
• FIG. 13 illustrates an example normalized filtered output image 310 with buffered pixels in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• Scaling the second filtered output image 300 by division with the sum of the values in the 3x3 Gaussian kernel 250 (e.g., the value 16) may create the normalized filtered output image 310.
• the central value of the normalized filtered output image 310 may match the central value of the second input image 290 and the Gaussian tapering begins around the central pixel value.
• the normalized filtered output image 310 may form a mask used to control the transmit levels of the monochrome pixels in the monochrome display 122 to backlight a corresponding color pixel in the color display 130.
• FIG. 14 illustrates an example third input image 320 with parallax pixel buffers in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• a 3x3 kernel a single buffer pixel distance around a central pixel may be implemented.
• a 5x5 kernel may implement two buffer pixel distances around the central pixel.
• larger kernels larger corresponding buffer pixel distances may be implemented.
• an active (e.g., a non-zero transmit level) central color pixel centered on the third input image 320 may occupy one-fourth (e.g., 1/2 c 1/2) of an area of a co-aligned“on” central monochrome pixel.
• the central monochrome pixel may be surrounded in each direction by 3“on” monochrome parallax buffer pixels that provide a 7x7 array background light around the active central color pixel for parallax viewing.
• a rule may be employed to add another layer of“on” monochrome buffer pixels (e.g., the shaded “on” pixels) around the parallax pixels to create a 9x9 array background light.
• the buffer pixels may be used to ensure that the transmission levels of the parallax pixels are not decreased by the smoothing kernel.
• an additional layer of“off’ monochrome buffer pixels with values of zero may be included in the third input image 320 to complete the buffer at an 1 lxl 1 array of monochrome pixels.
• FIG. 15 illustrates an example third filtered output image 330 with parallax pixels in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• the kernel correlation process 260 in FIG. 8 is performed on the third input image 320 with the 3x3 Gaussian kernel 250 per FIG. 7, the resulting output pixel values (without division by 16) are shown in the third filtered output image 330.
• the parallax pixels (the 7x7 array of“on” pixels within the ring of shaded pixels) in the third filtered output image 330 may be remain consistent (e.g., all have the full“on” value of 16 prior to the division).
• the third filtered output image 330 generally shows that the Gaussian tapering of the monochrome pixels (e.g., second transmission levels) starts at an outside edge of the parallax pixels (e.g., first transmission levels) where the shaded pixels transmission at lesser values (e.g., values of 12 and 9).
• the Gaussian tapering generally continues into the next outer ring of pixels where even smaller values are calculated.
• the third filtered output image 330 may be used as a mask to control the transmit levels of the monochrome pixels in the monochrome display 122 to backlight the corresponding active color pixel in the color display 130.
• FIG. 16 illustrates an example fourth input image 340 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• the fourth input image 340 generally comprises two“on” monochrome pixels surrounded by 3 parallax pixels and one buffer pixel. Locations of the two“on” monochrome pixels in the example are illustrated as shaded boxes and align with two active color pixels. Individual rings of 3“on” parallax pixels, the ring of“on” buffer pixels and an outer boundary of one “off’ pixels generally established the 1 lxl 1 third input image 320 centered around each of the two shaded locations. Overlaps of the two 1 lxl 1 third input images 320 may result in pixel values within the fourth input image 340 that are the highest of the pixels values in the two overlapping 1 lxl 1 third input images 320.
• the example forms a basis for the backlighting algorithm. If for example, there are two active color pixels in the image separated by some number of the monochrome pixels, the input image may be modified as shown in the fourth input image 340 where the shaded pixels are associated with the active color pixels that have a non-zero luminance value. Note that the color pixels are surrounded in each direction by 3“on” parallax pixels plus the“on” buffer pixel.
• FIG. 17 illustrates an example fourth filtered output image 350 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• the kernel correlation process 260 in FIG. 8 is performed on the fourth input image 340 with the 3x3 Gaussian kernel, the resulting output pixel values (with the normalizing division by 16 operation) are shown in the fourth filtered output image 350.
• FIG. 18 illustrates an example vertical one-dimensional Gaussian kernel 360 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• FIG. 19 illustrates an example horizontal one-dimensional Gaussian kernel 370 in accordance with one or more embodiments of the platform 90.
• the Gaussian convolution function may be“separable”, which means that the convolution may be determined in two steps with less mathematical operations.
• the two separate one-dimensional kernels 360 and 370 associated with the Gaussian kernel may be applied in any order.
• the vertical one-dimensional Gaussian kernel 360 may be applied first and the horizontal one-dimensional Gaussian kernel 370 applied second, or vice versa.
• Other separable and/or non- separable smoothing transitions may be implemented to meet the design criteria of a particular application.
• the steps to develop the monochrome image prior to applying a display gamma function may be simple. Initially, identify all of the color pixels that have an active non-zero value (red, green and blue). Subsequently, map the identified color pixels into the monochrome pixel field with an N: 1 (e.g., 2: 1) color-to-monochrome pixel ratio and assign the“on” value (e.g., one) for the “central” monochrome pixels associated with the identified color pixels. Next, assign the“on” value for a field of several (e.g., 3 parallax and 1 buffer) monochrome pixel rows/columns surrounding the central monochrome pixels with the“on” value.
• N e.g., 2: 1
• the“on” value e.g., one
• Assign the“off’ value (e.g., zero) for the remaining monochrome pixels to establish an input image.
• the convolution kernel may be applied to the monochrome matrix and subsequently divided by a normalizing value (e.g., 16) to generate a normalized output image.
• the monochrome gray shade (or transmit) levels may be determined by multiplying the normalized output image by a maximum number of monochrome gray shades (or transmit level) available in the monochrome display 122 (e.g., 256 gray shades for an 8-bit monochrome display).
• the color image may be presented to the color display 130 and the associated monochrome image may be simultaneously presented to the monochrome display 122.
• the application of the parallax pixels and buffer pixels, and the use of a Gaussian or other convolution kernel generally provides the appropriate gray shade values for the monochrome display 122.
• the method may provide for a declining intensity pattern (or smoothing function) around the“on” monochrome pixels so that the black to white transitions are less noticeable.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
• Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=72238699

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 2020
  • 2020-02-24 WO PCT/US2020/019489 patent/WO2020176408A1/en unknown
  • 2020-02-24 EP EP20762398.4A patent/EP3931630A4/de active Pending

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events