EP3931157A1 - Fabrication de vitrages a contrainte d'extension reduite - Google Patents
Fabrication de vitrages a contrainte d'extension reduiteInfo
- Publication number
- EP3931157A1 EP3931157A1 EP20713729.0A EP20713729A EP3931157A1 EP 3931157 A1 EP3931157 A1 EP 3931157A1 EP 20713729 A EP20713729 A EP 20713729A EP 3931157 A1 EP3931157 A1 EP 3931157A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- support
- separation tool
- gravity
- edge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
- C03B23/025—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by gravity
- C03B23/0258—Gravity bending involving applying local or additional heating, cooling or insulating means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
- C03B23/02—Re-forming glass sheets
- C03B23/023—Re-forming glass sheets by bending
- C03B23/025—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by gravity
- C03B23/0252—Re-forming glass sheets by bending by gravity by gravity only, e.g. sagging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for manufacturing curved glazing, in particular laminated, and proposes an improvement in the step of cooling the glass after it has been bent with a view to obtaining reduced extension stresses.
- the invention relates to bending processes involving a bending step on a gravity bending support called gravity support.
- the invention relates in particular to the production of laminated glazing of the windshield or roof type for a road vehicle (automobile, truck, bus), but also any glazing for aeronautics or buildings.
- Gravity support In gravity bending processes, the tooling supporting the so-called “gravity support” glass, with a shape adapted to the final geometry of the glass, is in contact with the periphery of the underside of the glass during all the shaping phases c that is, the preforming of the bending, the bending and the cooling.
- Gravity support is usually in the form of a frame. It is preferably coated with a refractory fibrous material well known to those skilled in the art to come into contact with glass.
- the width of its contact track with the glass is generally in the range from 2 to 20 mm, including refractory fibrous material.
- the glass When the glass leaves the bending step to start the cooling phase, it is, according to the prior art, usually in contact through its periphery with the last gravity support, in particular between 5 and 10 mm from the edge of the glass.
- the glass freezes and cools a physical phenomenon of the genesis of permanent stresses is created which corresponds to the conversion of the temperature distribution within the glass into a stress field. This phenomenon is initiated when the glass freezes and ends at the end of cooling when a homogeneous temperature distribution is reached. It can be considered that the glass freezes substantially at the strain point temperature.
- the parts where the glass is fixed in the first place correspond to the parts where the compressive stresses are concentrated, while the parts where the glass is fixed with delay concentrate the stress zones in extension.
- the edge stresses described in the present invention are membrane stresses which can be defined at any point of the material and for a given direction, as the average of the stress field at this point and in this direction, the average being taken over the whole of the material. 'glass thickness. At the glass edge, only the membrane stress component parallel to the edge is appropriate; the perpendicular component has a zero value. Also any measurement method allowing a measurement of the average stresses along an edge and through the thickness of the glass is relevant.
- the methods for measuring edge stresses use photoelasticimetry techniques. The two methods described in the ASTM standards cited below make it possible to measure the edge stress values:
- Both of these methods use polarized light that passes through the measured sample. It is therefore impossible to implement them directly when the product to be analyzed has an opaque peripheral decoration, usually in black enamel as is customary for automotive glazing. In this case, it is possible to remove the opaque layer either by mechanical abrasion or by chemical attack and then carry out the measurement.
- VRP-100 the VRP-100, manufactured by the company Strainoptics, 108 W. Montgomery Ave., North Wales, PA 19454 USA.
- the values of compressive stresses are determined by the method described in standard ASTM F218-2005-01, optionally adapted in order to measure only the stress of the glass outside the laminated glazing as mounted on the vehicle. .
- the stresses can therefore be either measured on the outer glass sheet alone before laminated assembly or on the outer glass sheet after laminated assembly using the Sharples S-69 or VRP-100 devices mentioned above.
- This sheet in the external position on the vehicle corresponds to the sheet in the lower position during the bending by gravity by the method according to the invention.
- the extension measurements are carried out by the same method in an area parallel to the edge of the glazing but located slightly more towards the interior of its main face.
- edge compressive stress values are determined between 0.1 and 2 mm from an edge and preferably between 0.1 and 1 mm from an edge.
- an extended edge stress zone is generally identified which is included in a peripheral zone between 3 and 100 mm from the edge of the glass.
- EP2532625 teaches a device for supporting glass after having cooled its surface below its strain point.
- the central area of the glass is cooled under the strain point before the border.
- This technique is applied to annealing glass. Cooling of the interior of the glass is necessary in order to be able to lift the glass from its support. This causes the compression of this central zone, which must necessarily be counterbalanced by an extension zone at the periphery thereof. The cooling of the central zone therefore runs the risk of resulting in the creation of greater peripheral extension constraints which may possibly weaken the glass.
- the annealing step is insufficiently controlled and the periphery of the glazing remains too long at too high temperature during this phase, the level of edge compressions could be insufficient.
- US5071461 teaches the bending of a stack of glass sheet then its cooling during which the glass is lifted from the bending mold by means of lifting rods supporting an area adjacent to the peripheral area in order to rapidly cool the more strongly convex part. glass.
- WO2018154247 teaches a device and a method for the bending and cooling of glass sheets comprising the gravity bending of the glass on a gravity support during which the glass rests on the gravity support in the peripheral zone consisting of the 50 mm from the edge of its lower face, then the separation of the glass from the gravity support while the glass is at more than 560 ° C, then cooling of the glass during which its lower face is free of any contact in its peripheral zone between at least 560 ° C and 500 ° C.
- the glass is never rested on its gravity support during cooling and after separation, so that the shape of the glass may possibly deviate a little from that desired during cooling.
- the invention makes it possible to reduce the disturbance of the temperature distribution induced by the presence of the gravity support in the vicinity of the periphery of the glass.
- the desired edge compression levels cited above are more readily achievable with larger safety margins, and extension stress levels are reduced.
- the desired shape for the glass and corresponding to that of the gravity support is well preserved during cooling.
- the invention relates to a method for bending and cooling a glass sheet or a stack of glass sheets, called glass, comprising the bending by gravity of the glass heated to a maximum temperature in its plastic deformation temperature range on a gravity support during which the glass rests on the gravity support in the peripheral zone of its lower face, said peripheral zone consisting of 50 mm from the edge of the underside, the glass bulging by sagging under the effect of its own weight, then said process comprising cooling the glass leading to its freezing, the following sequencing being carried out at least once during said cooling leading to its freezing:
- cooling leading to freezing of the glass means cooling before the complete freezing of the glass and therefore at a temperature higher than its freezing temperature.
- the contact areas of the glass with the separation tool and with the gravity support are areas not yet fixed at the time of sequencing.
- the glass hardens, loses its malleable state and internal stresses in the glass are created. These stresses are formed as a result of the fact that the entire mass of the glass does not cool simultaneously. It is considered that the freezing is completed when the glass has reached the temperature of 450 ° C and even 480 ° C during cooling, that is to say substantially its glass transition temperature.
- the cooling leading to the freezing of the glass is generally controlled cooling, that is, the speed of which is controlled.
- the sequencing is carried out while the glass is cooling leading to its freezing, at least once when its temperature is between the maximum bending temperature and 480 ° C and preferably between 560 and 500 ° C.
- the sequencing is carried out during the cooling of the glass leading to its freezing at least twice and preferably at least 3 times and preferably at least 4 times and preferably at least 5 times, or even at least 6 times, or even at least 6 times. minus 7 times when its temperature is between the maximum bending temperature and 480 ° C.
- the separation / (resupport) sequencing is preferably carried out at least 2 times between 560 and 500 ° C. Even more preferably, the sequencing is carried out at least once between the maximum bending temperature and 560 ° C, at least twice between 560 and 500 ° C, and at least once between 500 and 480 ° C.
- the bending is thermal, the glass being brought to a temperature allowing its plastic deformation.
- the maximum glass gravity bending temperature is greater than 560 ° C and generally greater than 570 ° C, and is generally less than 680 ° C.
- the central region of the lower face of the lens in particular the region at a distance greater than 200 mm from the edge, is generally at a temperature at least equal to that of the peripheral zone of the lower face of the lens.
- glass when the glass is taken over by a separation tool before freezing of the glass, whether it is a first sequencing or a subsequent sequencing. Thus, the entire glass is not yet frozen at the time of sequencing and its temperature in any zone is therefore higher than that of its strain point.
- the "strain point" is determined by the method of measuring the viscous elongation rate of a fiberglass, by extrapolation from the annealing point, and in accordance with standard ASTM C336-71 (re-approved in 2005).
- strain point can also optionally be said “point of constraint” in French, but the expression “Strain Point” has passed into the everyday language of those skilled in the French art who no longer uses the expression French. One thus speaks of temperature of strain point or more simply of “strain point”.
- the gravity support influences the temperature of the glass in its contact zone.
- glass is separated from the gravity support into 1 time sequencing, glass is homogenized in temperature in this zone. In doing so, without contact with the gravity support, its shape risks deviating slightly from the desired final convex shape.
- the glass found the desired bulging final shape. Thanks to the sequencing, which is preferably repeated during the cooling of the glass leading to its freezing, one obtains both a homogenization of the temperature of the glass in its contact zone with the gravity support, and a shape faithful to the desired final shape. .
- Permanent contact with one support as produced according to the prior art, detrimental for the extension constraints is, within the framework of the present invention, “shared” on two tools (gravity support and separation tool) touching the glass in two different places and at different times. At each separation of the gravity support and redeposit on the gravity support, there is a succession of thermal gradient removal and regeneration (this is also true for the gravity support and the separation tool).
- the extension levels in the glass are thereby reduced and the mechanical strength improved.
- the homogenization of the temperature of the glass in its zone of contact with the gravity support makes it possible to obtain reduced extension stresses while maintaining good edge compressive stresses.
- the average cooling rate during the cooling leading to the freezing of the glass is preferably in the range from 0.3 to 3 ° C / second and preferably in the range from 0, 4 to 2.7 ° C / second.
- the cooling leading to the freezing of the glass is advantageously controlled cooling, which is advantageously carried out in a series of controlled cooling chambers traversed by the glass and its gravity support, the temperature of these chambers decreasing from one chamber to the other during of the glass path.
- the glass passes from one chamber to another while being supported by its gravity support, then in a chamber, a separation tool separates it from the gravity support for a separation period then rests it on top, then the gravity support supporting the glass go to the next room.
- Each controlled cooling chamber is at a lower temperature than the one before it.
- the separation time is generally in the range from 1 to 45 seconds and more generally in the range from 2 to 30 seconds.
- the rooms can be separated by sliding doors that open to let a gravity support pass carrying its glass and close to keep the room at the desired temperature.
- the train of gravity supports crosses the suite of chambers making stops so that each glass stops successively in all the chambers. Below 400 ° C, the glass can be considered as completely frozen and it can then be cooled quickly or slowly without any particular precaution as to its areas of contact with a tool.
- the glass is in contact only with the gravity support or a separation tool.
- the glass can rest on the gravity support without further contact with another tool.
- the peripheral zone of the underside of the lens is in contact only with ambient air and with no tools. While the gravity support of any part only touches the lens in the peripheral area of the underside of the lens, the separation tool does not touch it in this area.
- air cooler than the glass can be blown over the peripheral area of the underside of the glass while the glass is being taken over by the separation tool.
- This blowing can be done using an air blowing ramp to cool the periphery of the glass more strongly.
- the blown air is at a lower temperature than that of glass. It was found that by blowing in this way on the peripheral zone of the underside of the lens, the extension stresses were even more reduced. Blowing is carried out on the contact area with the gravity support, in the absence of contact with the gravity support.
- the device according to the invention can comprise an air blowing ramp capable of blowing on the peripheral zone of the underside of the glass during the taking up of the glass by the separation tool.
- the separation tool may include an upper form capable of acting on the upper face of the lens for its handling, such as that referenced 33 in FIG. 1 of WO2018 / 154247.
- a homogenization of the temperature of the glass is obtained by maintaining the glass by suction on its upper face and without any contact with its lower face, thanks to this upper form provided with a skirt and a suction means sucking the air between the edge of the glass and the skirt, the suction of the skirt providing the force to hold the glass against the form (even a stack of sheets of glass).
- the air sucked in by the skirt and circulating in the vicinity of the edge of the lens promotes the homogenization of the temperature of the peripheral zone of the lower face of the lens. If necessary, we can equip the skirt with an air blowing ramp to cool the peripheral zone of the underside of the glass more strongly.
- the upper form is preferably in the form of a frame, this frame preferably being covered with a refractory fibrous material in order to reduce the risk of marking the surface of the upper face of the glass.
- This frame may have a width within the range of 2 to 20 mm, including the fibrous material.
- this upper form comes into contact with the glass without protruding from the edge of the glass.
- This upper form can come into contact with the glass so that its outer edge comes at a distance from the edge of the glass (towards the inside of the glass) in the range of 3 to 20 mm.
- a top form as a separation tool and the gravity support can be animated with a relative vertical movement allowing them to move towards each other so that one of these tools takes up the glass or leaves it take over by the other, as part of performing separation / sequencing (support again).
- relative vertical movement means that only one of the two tools (the separation tool and gravity support) can move vertically, or that both can move vertically for the passage of the glass from one to the other. 'other.
- the suction of the upper form is triggered and the upper form then takes charge of the glass , then the upper form (holding the glass against it) and the gravity support move away, then, with a view to “support again” these two tools come together, the suction is stopped and the glass is dropped on the gravity support , then the two tools move away from each other again.
- the separation tool is advantageously a tool coming into contact with the glass via its lower face and only coming into contact with the glass at a distance greater than 50 mm from the edge of the glass.
- the separation tool does not come into contact with the lens in the peripheral zone of the underside of the lens.
- the separation tool can come into contact with the glass in an area between 50 mm from the edge of the glass and 200 mm from the edge of the glass and preferably between 50 mm and 150 mm from the edge of the glass.
- the separation tool comes into contact with the glass exclusively in this zone.
- the separation tool can be a support coming into contact with the underside of the glass; it could be :
- the pads of the supports b) above can be mounted to move by means of a spring placed under their contact surface for the glass, like the pads of Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 10 of WO2018 / 154248.
- the term “support” in the context of the present application designates a tool on which the glass rests and is therefore in contact with the underside of the glass.
- the separation tool if it supports the glass, preferably has a discontinuous support surface, and therefore provides the glass with a plurality of support zones. This discontinuity favors the circulation of air and the more homogeneous cooling of the underside of the glass.
- the separation tool if it supports the glass, can form an on-board assembly with the gravity support.
- the separation tool then circulates with the gravity support in an on-board manner on a “gravity support / separation tool” assembly.
- the separation tool and the gravity support can be animated with a relative vertical movement allowing one to pass above the other or to pass below the other in order to take charge the glass or let it take over by the other, as part of the separation / sequencing performance (support again).
- relative vertical movement means that only one of the two members (the separation tool and the gravity support) can move vertically, or that both can move vertically for the passage of the glass from one to the other. 'other.
- the difference in height dimension of the contact track of one of the two members with respect to the other, when they are not in motion is at least 10 mm and preferably at least. less 30 mm.
- Such a distance makes it possible, on the one hand, to eliminate heat transfers by conduction but also to sufficiently minimize heat transfers by radiation between the glass and the component (either the separation tool or the gravity support) that we have just separated from the glass.
- the gravity support supporting the glass is placed in an oven for the thermal bending of the glass. The bending being carried out, the gravity support carrying the glass is moved into a cooling zone to cool the glass.
- the controlled cooling first leads to the freezing of the glass, then the geometry of the glass being fixed, the glass is cooled to room temperature.
- the bending and the controlled cooling leading to the freezing of the glass are advantageously carried out in a succession of chambers arranged one behind the other on the path of the glass. These chambers are at different temperatures in order to apply the desired thermal profile to the glass.
- a plurality of glasses circulate one behind the other, each glass being on a different gravity support.
- the device according to the invention can comprise both at least one separation tool coming into contact with the glass via its lower face as already described and also at least one separation tool of the upper form type provided with a suction means and coming into contact with the glass via its upper face as described above.
- Each of these separation tools is used as part of a different "separation / (support again)" sequencing applied one after another. These different sequencing are preferably applied in different chambers, which have different temperatures.
- a separation tool comprising an upper form provided with a suction means acting on the upper face of the glass for its handling
- at least one sequencing in a second chamber by a separation tool coming into contact with the underside of the glass in an area between on the one hand 50 mm from the edge of the glass and on the other hand 200 mm and preferably 150 mm from the edge of the glass, the second chamber being disposed after the first chamber on the path of the glass, the second chamber being at a temperature lower than that of the first chamber.
- the device according to the invention then comprises a first chamber comprising at least one separation tool of the upper form type provided with a suction means coming to the contact of the glass via its upper face and a second chamber comprising at least one separation tool coming into contact with the glass via its lower face.
- a first chamber comprising at least one separation tool of the upper form type provided with a suction means coming to the contact of the glass via its upper face
- a second chamber comprising at least one separation tool coming into contact with the glass via its lower face.
- the first chamber precedes the second chamber on the glass path.
- the separation tool generally has the shape corresponding to its desired final shape, it being understood that its shape may deviate from the desired final shape as soon as it has members capable of orienting itself in order to take the shape of the glass when it is picked up and under the effect of the weight of the glass.
- the glass just before coming into contact with the separation tool, the glass had just been curved on the gravity support and therefore took the desired final convex shape, so that a separation tool having organs allowing it to orient itself with respect to the shape of the glass therefore takes in contact with the latter substantially the final shape desired for the glass.
- Supports offering the glass a discontinuous surface by pads and capable of modifying the orientation of the pad contact zone and / or damping the reception of the lens under the effect of the weight of the lens when it is received by the support have been described in WO2018 / 154248 and can be used as a separation tool in the context of the present invention.
- the sum of the areas of all the contact areas of the pads may represent 0.2 to 5% of the area of the underside of the lens.
- the contact area of each pad contact zone can be in the range from 50 mm 2 to 5500 mm 2 and preferably from 500 mm 2 to 4000 mm 2 .
- the separation tool comprises 4 to 20 or even 6 to 20 contact zones of relatively high area each, that is to say of area each within the range from 500 mm 2 to 4000 mm 2. .
- the separation tool as a support capable of supporting the lens by coming into contact with its lower face, can therefore include a discontinuous contact surface for the lens.
- the separation tool can also be a continuous or crenellated frame.
- the separation tool if it supports the glass by its 1 st main face (that is to say the outer face of the outer glass of the glazing as it is mounted on the vehicle), may have a contact surface for glass having a shape, called a compensation shape, deviating from the final shape desired for the glass in order to compensate for a possible defect in shape that the glass could take if the separation tool had exactly the desired shape for the glass .
- a separation tool supports the glass in a relatively internal zone of the underside of the glass and at a temperature at which the glass is not completely fixed. As a result, the portion of the glass outside the separation tool may have a tendency to collapse.
- the support-type separation tool may have a contact surface for the lens, which is concave when viewed from above and more curved than that of the gravity support which is to support the lens in the same region at the end of bending.
- refractory fibrous material well known to man of the trade to reduce the risk of marking hot glass with a tool.
- This fibrous material may be a fabric or felt or knit and in particular a “tempering knit” usually used to coat the tempering frames of the glass and having the advantage of being very perforated.
- the refractory fibrous material contains refractory fibers and has a large open porosity which gives it a thermal insulating property.
- the gravity support generally has, at least at the end of bending, a shape corresponding to the final geometry desired for the glass. During the bending of the glass, it is in contact with the periphery of the underside of the glass.
- the gravity support generally has the shape of a frame and can be called a skeleton by those skilled in the art.
- a skeleton is a metal strip, one edge of which serves as a contact track for the glass.
- the gravity support is generally continuous at least at the end of bending. It is preferably coated with a refractory fibrous material well known to those skilled in the art to come into contact with the glass.
- the width of its contact track with the glass is generally in the range from 2 to 20 mm, including refractory fibrous material.
- the gravity support can include articulated parts that rise during bending and / or several frames supporting the glass one after the other during bending.
- Such gravity supports have been described in WO2015 / 128573, WO2013132174, W02007077371, EP448447, EP0705798.
- the separation of the glass from the gravity support takes place after the glass has taken its final shape at the periphery and therefore once the gravity support has taken the final shape desired for the glass. This shape offered to the glass by the gravity support does not change until its last separation from the glass.
- the separation / sequencing (support again) takes place with the gravity support in its final form.
- the separation tool supports the lens from its underside, then it touches it in its zone inside its peripheral zone, that is to say at more than 50 mm from the edge of the lens (without contact at less than 50 mm from the edge) and preferably more than 60 mm from the edge of the glass (contactless less than 60 mm from the edge).
- the contact area of the separation tool is entirely within 200 mm of the edge of the glass (contactless then more than 200 mm from the edge of the glass) and preferably less than 150 mm from the edge of the glass (contactless then more than 150 mm from the edge of the glass).
- Such a tool can be integrated into a device comprising the gravity support, in which case all the contact areas of the separation tool are circumscribed in top view by the gravity support when the latter has its final shape.
- the device according to the invention can comprise an oven and a plurality of gravity supports each capable of supporting a glass, said gravity supports forming a train of gravity supports able to circulate in the oven.
- a plurality of gravity supports are produced for producing a batch of glasses having a specific shape. These supports, each carrying a glass (a sheet or several stacked sheets) are conveyed one behind the other, forming a train of gravity supports, in a bending furnace in order to bend the glass and then cool it in a controlled manner at least until it freezes.
- the controlled cooling zone leading to the freezing of the glass is considered to be part of the furnace. In fact, this zone generally comprises thermal insulation and heating means in order to regulate and maintain the desired temperature.
- the furnace generally comprises a plurality of chambers crossed one after the other by the gravity supports following one after the other, and this, for the bending and controlled cooling. After removal from the oven and when the glass is frozen, the gravity supports can be unloaded from their glass and returned empty to the loading station. They then take over a non-curved glass and return to the oven for the bending of this new glass.
- These gravity supports can be part of a device integrating them as well as a separation tool. In this case, it is a plurality of such gravity support / separation tool devices which are manufactured and circulate in the furnace.
- the invention relates in particular to the production of laminated glazings combining two sheets of glass, the thickness of one of which is in the range from 1.4 to 3.15 mm and the thickness of the other of which is included in the range ranging from 0.5 to 3.15 mm.
- the face 1 of the laminated glazing is one side of the thicker sheet.
- the glass can be a stack of two sheets of glass of different thickness, the thinner preferably being the thicker.
- these two sheets can be intended to be assembled together in a laminated glazing, in which case, the fact that they are the one on the other of the bending until the freezing guarantees an excellent compatibility of form.
- Each sheet of glass may be covered before bending with one or more layers of enamel or one or more thin layers of the anti-solar (low-e), conductive or other type usually applied to automotive glazing.
- the curved glass produced according to the invention relates more particularly to the production of glazing, in particular laminated, of the windshield or roof of a road vehicle type.
- the area of one of their main surface is generally greater than 0.5 m 2 , especially between 0.5 and 4 m 2 .
- Glass generally has four edges (also called bands), the distance between two opposite edges being generally greater than 500 mm and more generally greater than 600 mm and more generally greater than 900 mm.
- the edge compressive stresses of the final glass in its sheet comprising the underside are greater than 8 MPa, or even greater than 10 MPa.
- the extension levels are low, less than 5 MPa and even less than 4 MPa, or even less than 3 MPa.
- the maximum stress in extension is generally located at a distance from the edge of between 5 and 40 mm and more generally between 10 and 40 mm.
- the sheet in the lower position during bending and cooling therefore exhibits remarkable mechanical properties making this sheet well suited to be mounted in an external position facing the outside, of an automobile glazing. Indeed, the face of the glazing facing outward (face 1 convex) is the one most likely to receive projectiles such as, for example, gravel.
- the invention makes it possible to obtain a curved glazing, in particular laminated, comprising at least one sheet of glass comprising an edge compressive stress greater than 8 MPa, a maximum extension stress of less than 5 MPa or even less than 4 MPa.
- a visible trace in polariscopy is observed at the places of contact with the 'separation tool, i.e. more than 50 mm from the edge.
- the trace visible in polariscopy has the shape of the separation tool, that is to say that of a frame or a discontinuous set of tasks located between on the one hand 50 mm from the edge of the glass and on the other hand 200 mm and if necessary 150 mm from the edge of the glass.
- the glazing can be laminated and include two sheets of glass, the thickness of one being in the range from 1.4 to 3.15 mm and the thickness of the other being in the range from 0 , 5 to 3.15 mm.
- the separation tool is an upper form of the frame type as already mentioned above and coming into contact with the area peripheral of the upper face of the lens without touching the lens beyond this peripheral zone
- this upper shape does not cause any trace in polariscopy beyond the peripheral zone from the edge of the lens in the final lens, and therefore also beyond 150 mm from the edge of the glass, and therefore also beyond 200 mm from the edge of the glass.
- the invention also relates to a curved glazing, in particular laminated, comprising at least one sheet of glass comprising an edge compressive stress greater than 8 MPa, a maximum extension stress of less than 5 MPa or even less than 4 MPa and without visible trace in polariscopy more than 200 mm from the edge and even more than 150 mm from the edge and even more than 50 mm from the edge of the glass.
- the glazing can be laminated and comprise two sheets of glass, the thickness of one being in the range from 1.4 to 3.15 mm and the thickness of the other being in the range from from 0.5 to 3.15 mm.
- FIG. 1 shows a gravity bending device 1 comprising a gravity support with double skeleton (2, 3) and a separation tool 4 in the form of a continuous ring.
- FIG. 1a shows the device in top view and FIGS. 1 b and 1 c show, along the section plane AA 'of FIG. 1 a, the device seen from the side at two different times.
- the dashed lines correspond to the contact surface for the glass of the various supports 2, 3, 4.
- the gravity support comprises a blank skeleton 3 supporting the glass at the start of bending and a finishing skeleton 2 supporting the glass at the end of bending.
- the curvatures of the blank skeleton 3 are concave seen from above and less pronounced than those of the finishing skeleton 2.
- the separation tool 4 is circumscribed by the blank skeleton 3 and the blank skeleton 3 is circumscribed by the finishing skeleton 2.
- Glass is not shown for clarity.
- Figure 1 b) shows the relative position of the various elements (2,3,4) of the device at the end of bending, the glass then following the entire periphery of the contact track of the finishing skeleton, which is in a higher position than the two other elements 3 and 4. This figure therefore does not show the relative position of the elements 1, 2,4 in the prebombing phase on the blank skeleton 3, this phase being prior to the representations of this figure 1.
- Figure 1 c) shows the relative position of the different elements (2, 3, 4) of the device just after separation of the glass from the finisher skeleton 2 following the lifting of the separation tool 4, the glass then hugging the entire periphery of the tool separation 4.
- first step of the “separation / (support again)” sequencing which is followed by the second step of the same sequencing according to which the separation tool descends and the glass is again supported by the skeleton finisher 2.
- FIG. 2 shows a gravity bending device 20 comprising a gravity support with double skeleton (21, 22) and a discontinuous separation tool 23 comprising a plurality of pads 24 mounted on a common frame 25.
- the gravity support comprises a blank skeleton 21 supporting the glass at the start of bending and a finishing skeleton 22 supporting the glass at the end of bending.
- the set of pads 24 forming a discontinuous contact surface for the lens is circumscribed by the blank skeleton 21 and the blank skeleton 21 is itself circumscribed by the finishing skeleton 22.
- the lens is not shown. for the sake of clarity.
- the frame 25 moves up or down to move up or down all of the pads, depending on the "separation / (support again)" sequencing step to be performed.
- the frame 25 rises so that the runners 24 support the glass and frees the finisher skeleton.
- the pads 24 touch the lens in an area inside the peripheral area of the underside of the lens.
- the frame 25 then descends to replace the glass on the finishing skeleton.
- FIG. 3 represents in a) a lens 30 resting on a finishing skeleton 31, then in b) its separation from this skeleton following the raising of a separation tool 33, then in c) the redeposition of the lens 30 on the skeleton finisher following the descent of the separation tool 33.
- This figure 3 represents in section in a transverse plane of the furnace (that is to say seen in the longitudinal axis of the furnace) and very schematically, a lifting system 40 itself composed of two sub-assemblies: the part upper 41 and lower part 42. These two sub-assemblies 41 and 42 form an integral part of the oven and are surrounded by a layer of fibrous insulation 39 which provides thermal insulation of the oven.
- the upper part 41 can be translated vertically using bars 36 which pass through the roof of the oven.
- a coupling system 37 makes it possible, in the low position, to separate the upper 41 and lower 42 parts of the lifting system 40 in order to accommodate any differential expansion of the two sub-assemblies or in order to separate them during a maintenance operation.
- This coupling system makes it possible to translate the sub-assembly 42 upwards during the ascent of the sub-assembly 41.
- the separation tool 33 rests on the lower part of the lower sub-assembly 42 of the lifting system which can therefore give it a series of vertical movements up or down.
- the separation tool 33 is here resident in a chamber 43 of the furnace whose atmosphere is at a specific temperature. More precisely, the separation tool 33 is introduced into this chamber 43 during the change of manufacture and it remains there immobile in the low position when the glass 30 and its skeleton are translated into the following chamber. The separation tool 33 will leave its chamber 43 during the next production change when all the tooling specific to the glazing that has just been produced is removed from the installation.
- the separation tool 33 comprises a structure having vertical and horizontal bars 34 and an upper part provided with pads 35.
- a glass 30 has been bent on a gravity support of the double skeleton type and rests in a) on the finishing skeleton 31 gravity support.
- the blank skeleton 32 has already supported the lens at the start of bending and therefore appears here retracted and below the level of the finishing skeleton 31.
- the double skeleton rests on the member 38 which makes it possible to support it vertically and to perform a longitudinal horizontal translation. thus allowing the skeleton and the glass 30 to pass from one chamber of the furnace to the next.
- the member 38 may be a movable carriage which rolls on a fixed rail, a chain which translates in the oven, or a bed of rollers which pass through the side walls of the oven.
- the separation tool 40 After bending the lens in a), the separation tool 40 is raised and the lens is supported (see FIG. 3b) in a zone inside its peripheral zone by the contact surfaces 35 of the separation tool 33.
- This lifting is actuated here by the vertical translation of the lower sub-assembly 42 of the lifting system, itself driven upwards by the upper sub-assembly 41, itself pulled upwards thanks to the bars 36 which are connected to a motorization system not shown.
- the glass After holding for a period of separation on the separation tool, the glass is rested in c) on the finishing skeleton of the gravity support.
- the separation tool and its lifting system are here permanently in the chamber 43 whose atmosphere is at a specific temperature.
- Several bedrooms, each with a specific temperature, can be juxtaposed and be equipped with their own separation tool and their own lifting system.
- a plurality of gravity supports can thus circulate one behind the other, each carrying a glass and pass from one chamber to another, in particular the chamber 43, as part of the glass cooling cycle.
- the separation tool is resident in a cooling chamber, that is to say that it does not circulate with the gravity support but that it processes the glasses in circulation. one after the other.
- a lifting system similar to that in Figure 3 except that the separation tools would be on board with the gravity supports.
- the separation tool 34 of Figures 3a), 3b) and 3c) would be reduced to a simple frame with taller vertical bars and which would lift the on-board separation tool with the gravity skeleton.
- a simpler lifting system consisting of four vertical bars passing through the bottom of the furnace.
- the hearth can then be closer to the gravity skeleton, just below organ 38.
- Figure 4 shows schematically the kinematics of separation and support again glass on a skeleton of a gravity support.
- This graph represents the dimension (z) of the lifting bars 36 of FIG. 3, in millimeters as a function of time.
- the glass is on the separation tool.
- the glass is successively and according to a defined and regular cycle:
- FIG. 5 represents the temperature T of the glass in ° C as a function of time in the controlled cooling phase.
- the temperatures indicated are those recorded at each of 6 separations of the glass from the gravity support taking place approximately at the instants t mi ,, t m 3, etc., as defined in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6 represents the influence of the contact surface of a support-type separation tool coming into contact with the underside of the glass on the collapse or not of the zone of the glass outside the separation tool.
- the glass 60 has already been curved on a skeleton 61 of a gravity support.
- the separation tool 64 includes a contact surface 62 for the lens, which substantially matches the shape desired for the lens at the point of contact. In b1, the separation tool 64 is mounted and supports the glass during the separation time.
- FIGS. 6a1 and 6b1 represent the case where the separation tool offers the lens a surface having exactly the final shape desired for the lens at the point of contact. An unwanted collapse can therefore result.
- FIGS. 6a2 and 6b2 show how this collapse can be combated by varying the shape of the contact surface 62 of the separation tool 64. In fact, the contact surface 62 of the separation tool here has a concavity.
- the concavity corresponding to the desired shape of the glazing is shown in dashed lines 66 in Figures 6a2) and 6b2). Rather, this accentuated concavity causes the z zone of the lens to rise or even reduce or prevent this collapse.
- a dotted curve 67 in FIG. 6b2) is represented by the curvature taken by the glass in the situation of FIG. 6b1).
- the separation tool here has a form of compensation to compensate for the effect of the collapse and therefore to avoid too great a collapse of the zone z.
- FIG. 7 schematically represents a method according to which a plurality of devices 70 each comprising a gravity support supporting a glass passes one after the other in a tunnel furnace 71, which ensures the heating of the glass, its bending by gravity then its controlled cooling then its forced cooling.
- the furnace is shown in top view at 72 and in side view at 73.
- the vacuum gravity supports 75 are each loaded with a flat glass 74 at the loading station 76 before entering the furnace 77.
- a loaded gravity support. of a glass 70 then enters the oven and is then conveyed into the furnace to pass successively through chambers 1 to 13.
- This entire cycle is carried out by a plurality of bending supports, each loaded with a glass and running one behind the other, forming a train in the process. They move through the oven so that each of the chambers 1 to 13 can be occupied by a support loaded with glass and they move step by step in the oven after having spent a defined time in a chamber.
- the glass undergoes twice in each of the chambers 9 to 11 (that is to say 6 times) the sequencing separation / (support again) according to the invention.
- the separation tool can be loaded and conveyed together with the gravity support on the same device.
- Each room can also include its own separation system and remain permanently assigned to its room. From room 9 to room 11, each room is less hot than the one before it.
- the glass is frozen on leaving the chamber 11, its temperature being about 480 ° C or lower. It can then be cooled more rapidly in chambers 12 and 13 in which it undergoes forced cooling, that is to say by convection of relatively cold air. The glass comes out of the oven at 78 at about 220 ° C.
- FIG. 8 represents the different stages of a separation / sequencing (support again), the separation of the glass 80 being carried out by virtue of an upper form 82 in the form of a frame provided with a skirt 81 as suction means.
- the skirt is provided with a blowing ramp 83.
- the glass is on a gravity support 84 of the skeleton type and supports the glass in the peripheral zone of its lower face.
- the upper form 82 and the gravity support supporting the glass are approached by a relative vertical movement. The suction through the skirt was then triggered and the glass was fixed to frame 82 as shown in c).
- the upper form 82 carrying the glass and the gravity support moved away and the ramp 83 began to blow air on the peripheral zone of the lower face of the glass in order to exert a stronger cooling in this. zoned.
- the blowing is carried out on the contact zone with the gravity support 84, in the absence of contact with the gravity support.
- the upper form 82 and the gravity support 84 then approached by a relative vertical movement, the suction by the skirt 81 was stopped and as a consequence, the upper form dropped the glass 80 on the gravity support 84 as shown in d ).
- the last 2 columns are the results of a test consisting in indenting a glazing using a 3.4 gram Vickers point and the radius of curvature at point level 0.2 mm and dropping from a height of 700 or 900 mm.
- the indentation was performed on the main surface of the glazing at the level of the maximum edge extension. This is a% of breakages.
- the performance in extension (the lower the value, the better the result) and in indentation (the lower the value, the better the result) are better from V1 to V4.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1902057A FR3093333B1 (fr) | 2019-02-28 | 2019-02-28 | Fabrication de vitrages a contrainte d’extension reduite |
| PCT/FR2020/050376 WO2020174185A1 (fr) | 2019-02-28 | 2020-02-26 | Fabrication de vitrages a contrainte d'extension reduite |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3931157A1 true EP3931157A1 (fr) | 2022-01-05 |
Family
ID=67514763
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20713729.0A Pending EP3931157A1 (fr) | 2019-02-28 | 2020-02-26 | Fabrication de vitrages a contrainte d'extension reduite |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3931157A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN111867991B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3093333B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020174185A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5071461A (en) | 1988-07-18 | 1991-12-10 | Asahi Glass Company, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for bending overlapping glass plates to form a laminated glass structure |
| FR2659957B1 (fr) | 1990-03-20 | 1993-07-16 | Saint Gobain Vitrage Int | Procede et dispositif pour le bombage de feuilles de verre. |
| FR2725194B1 (fr) | 1994-10-04 | 1996-10-31 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Procede et dispositif pour le bombage de feuilles de verre |
| JP4811774B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-10 | 2011-11-09 | 旭硝子株式会社 | ガラス板曲げ成形装置および成形方法 |
| DE10314266B3 (de) * | 2003-03-29 | 2004-06-09 | Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Biegen von Glasscheiben |
| FR2855168B1 (fr) * | 2003-05-19 | 2007-03-30 | Saint Gobain | Bombage de vitrages par gravite sur une multiplicite de supports |
| FR2894955B1 (fr) | 2005-12-20 | 2008-05-02 | Saint Gobain | Dispositif de bombage de verre par gravite sur plusieurs formes de support a transition de forme controlee |
| JP5641254B2 (ja) | 2010-02-03 | 2014-12-17 | 旭硝子株式会社 | ガラス板の徐冷方法及びその装置 |
| WO2011096447A1 (fr) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-11 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Plaque en verre et procédé de fabrication d'une plaque en verre |
| FR2987833B1 (fr) | 2012-03-06 | 2014-03-14 | Saint Gobain | Support de bombage a articulation |
| FR3017865A1 (fr) | 2014-02-27 | 2015-08-28 | Saint Gobain | Bombage par gravite sur double-support |
| JP7003145B2 (ja) | 2017-02-27 | 2022-01-20 | サン-ゴバン グラス フランス | 2つの支持体を含む装置 |
| FR3063287B1 (fr) * | 2017-02-27 | 2021-09-24 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage a contrainte d'extension reduite |
-
2019
- 2019-02-28 FR FR1902057A patent/FR3093333B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-02-26 CN CN202080001468.6A patent/CN111867991B/zh active Active
- 2020-02-26 WO PCT/FR2020/050376 patent/WO2020174185A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2020-02-26 EP EP20713729.0A patent/EP3931157A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111867991B (zh) | 2023-06-30 |
| WO2020174185A1 (fr) | 2020-09-03 |
| CN111867991A (zh) | 2020-10-30 |
| FR3093333A1 (fr) | 2020-09-04 |
| FR3093333B1 (fr) | 2023-01-20 |
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