EP3924679A1 - Open cell foam metal heat exchanger - Google Patents
Open cell foam metal heat exchangerInfo
- Publication number
- EP3924679A1 EP3924679A1 EP20711400.0A EP20711400A EP3924679A1 EP 3924679 A1 EP3924679 A1 EP 3924679A1 EP 20711400 A EP20711400 A EP 20711400A EP 3924679 A1 EP3924679 A1 EP 3924679A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- open celled
- foam metal
- celled foam
- heat exchanger
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/003—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by using permeable mass, perforated or porous materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to the technical field of heat exchangers. More particularly, the embodiments of the present invention are directed toward low cost - high performance heat exchangers that utilize open celled foam metal.
- Open celled foam metal materials have many uses. These materials have been engineered and manufactured as heat exchanger solutions. The primary use for open celled foam metal heat exchanger applications primarily resides within the air and space market segments due to the need for high performance and low weight requirements. Examples of where the product has been used as a heat exchanger includes satellite mirrors, computer heat sinks on aircraft, commercial space expeditions, powered electronics cooling, and the European Mars Rover, NASA.
- Open celled foam metal materials have structures that generally take on the characteristics of a base alloy. These base alloys typically consist of low temperature alloys such as aluminum, copper, zinc, and other refractory metals.
- the advantages of an open celled foam structure is that the material offers high surface areas and outstanding strength to weight ratios. Unlike closed cell foams, gases, liquids, and other mediums may pass through the open pores of the material. This enables the material to be ideal for use as a phase change heat exchanger, air/liquid cooled heat exchanger, air to air heat exchanger, liquid to liquid heat exchanger, cold plates, and a number of other heat transfer
- Open celled foam materials that are manufactured using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) type processes utilize a host structure as a base for additive materials. These host structures are typically plastic or other materials that do not have the same composition as the CVD additive. The result is that CVD type manufactured foams are considered hollowand therefore result in lower thermal reduction properties due to significantly lower cross-sectional area. This material disadvantage reduces the performance of CVD type materials and presents limitations that are not encountered by open celled foam metals produced without CVD type processes.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- DUOCEL® produced by ERG Aerospace since 1967, is an example of an open celled foam metal produced without CVD or other such additive manufacturing processes.
- production begins with a commercially available conventional foam, such as reticulated polyurethane having the desired pattern for the end product, that serves as a form.
- the conventional foam is embedded in mold material, such as plaster of paris, which sets to form a solid structure in and around the plastic foam.
- mold material such as plaster of paris
- the resulting foam metal is a reticulated structure of integrally formed solid metal ligaments and open cells with pores connecting adjacent cells.
- the solid metal ligament structure provides improved properties compared to the hollow ligaments formed from additive manufacturing processes.
- Open celled foams can also be compressed further increasing the surface area to volume ratio. This type of compression is not possible with CVD or additive manufactured foam structures
- Open celled foam metal materials including DUOCEL®, are manufactured in a range of pore sizes. These sizes include 5 pores per inch (PPI), 10 PPI, 20 PPI, and 40 PPI.
- PPI pores per inch
- the advantage of having different pore sizes is that the material may be optimized for different applications based on the pressure drop requirements of a heat exchanger and the thermal performance. As an example, if high pressure drop is a primary requirement of an end user, then the 40 PPI material can be chosen to provide adequate pressure drop given the higher surface area. Conversely, a 5 PPI material may provide less pressure drop but have less thermal heat transfer leading to lower performance. Therefore, there is a pressure drop and heat transfer performance consideration for the specific open celled foam metal material chosen.
- an open celled foam metal material including DUOCEL®
- DUOCEL® open celled foam metal material
- a 5 PPI piece of open celled foam metal may be modified at the individual ligament level to achieve relative density ranges anywhere from 3 to 20 percent relative density (relative to the weight of the solid alloy, or volume fraction of the metal).
- the relative density much like the PPI, may be modified as a design parameter to meet end user requirements. This design customization further enables an open celled foam metal to meet precise customer pressure drop and thermal performance criteria.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view of an open celled foam metal counter flow heat exchanger (1) for heat transfer given pressure drop.
- FIG. IB is a perspective view showing a combination of open celled foam metal panels (4) where a combination of hot panels (2) and cold panels (3) are combined to create a counter flow heat exchanger.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a cell (15) from a relative density continuous one- piece insoluble reticulated open celled foam material after densification that has
- FIG. 5 is a chart that shows the different geometries of individual ligaments that are considered for fluid flow given laminar and turbulent options; size bar is 1 mm.
- ACRYLITE®, LUCITE®, plexiglass, etc. ceramics e.g. MACOR®, alumina, etc.), DELRIN®, epoxy/fiberglass, FEP, fiberglass laminates, high impact polystyrene (HIPS), KAPTON®, KAPTREX®, KYNAR®, melamine, MELDIN® 7001, mica, neoprene, NOMEX®, NORYLTM, nylon, PEEK (polyether ether ketone), PET (polyethylene terephthalate), P.E.T.G., phenolics, PFA (perfluoroalkoxy), polycarbonate, polyester, polyolefins, polystyrene, polysulfone, polyurethane, TEFLON®,
- the fluid flow passes through a field of open celled foam metal material, such as DUOCEL®, which provides enhanced material coverage while reducing pressure drop.
- open celled foam metal material such as DUOCEL®
- the cross field flow of hot and cool fluids allows precise selection of pore numbers and ligament geometry for enhanced performance, especially in situations where turbulent and laminar flow fields differ given viscosity and Reynolds numbers.
- improved results are obtained with open celled metal foam having 40 pores per inch (PPI) and 7-8% relative density and is compressible
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201962805168P | 2019-02-13 | 2019-02-13 | |
PCT/US2020/018009 WO2020168012A1 (en) | 2019-02-13 | 2020-02-12 | Open cell foam metal heat exchanger |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3924679A1 true EP3924679A1 (en) | 2021-12-22 |
Family
ID=69811903
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20711400.0A Pending EP3924679A1 (en) | 2019-02-13 | 2020-02-12 | Open cell foam metal heat exchanger |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220113097A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3924679A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2022520789A (en) |
SG (1) | SG11202108738PA (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020168012A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3616814A (en) | 1968-05-02 | 1971-11-02 | Edward L Hendey | Fluid flow control valve |
US7106777B2 (en) * | 2003-01-07 | 2006-09-12 | The Boeing Company | Phase-change heat exchanger |
ES2371240T3 (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2011-12-28 | Wieland-Werke Ag | TWO FLUID HEAT EXCHANGER WITH OPEN CELL STRUCTURES FOR THE FLOW GOVERNMENT. |
US20070235174A1 (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2007-10-11 | Dakhoul Youssef M | Heat exchanger |
US7718246B2 (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2010-05-18 | Ben Strauss | Honeycomb with a fraction of substantially porous cell walls |
US8171986B2 (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2012-05-08 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Foam metal heat exchanger system |
EP2572009A1 (en) * | 2010-05-20 | 2013-03-27 | Universiteit Gent | 3d porous material comprising machined side |
US10371452B2 (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2019-08-06 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Heat exchanger with support structure |
-
2020
- 2020-02-12 WO PCT/US2020/018009 patent/WO2020168012A1/en unknown
- 2020-02-12 JP JP2021547104A patent/JP2022520789A/en active Pending
- 2020-02-12 SG SG11202108738PA patent/SG11202108738PA/en unknown
- 2020-02-12 US US17/430,608 patent/US20220113097A1/en active Pending
- 2020-02-12 EP EP20711400.0A patent/EP3924679A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20220113097A1 (en) | 2022-04-14 |
JP2022520789A (en) | 2022-04-01 |
SG11202108738PA (en) | 2021-09-29 |
WO2020168012A1 (en) | 2020-08-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Kandlikar | Single-phase liquid flow in minichannels and microchannels | |
US10209009B2 (en) | Heat exchanger including passageways | |
Senn et al. | Laminar mixing, heat transfer and pressure drop in tree-like microchannel nets and their application for thermal management in polymer electrolyte fuel cells | |
EP1346184B1 (en) | Heat exchanger | |
US5145001A (en) | High heat flux compact heat exchanger having a permeable heat transfer element | |
US7871578B2 (en) | Micro heat exchanger with thermally conductive porous network | |
CN100369246C (en) | Microstructure cooling device and use thereof | |
Haack et al. | Novel lightweight metal foam heat exchangers | |
US11706902B2 (en) | Cold plate with porous thermal conductive structure | |
Lu et al. | Experimental investigation of Cu-based, double-layered, microchannel heat exchangers | |
US7905275B2 (en) | Ceramic foam cold plate | |
US20070246191A1 (en) | Hybrid ceramic core cold plate | |
US11480398B2 (en) | Combining complex flow manifold with three dimensional woven lattices as a thermal management unit | |
EP3647709B1 (en) | Heat exchanger device | |
US20090218070A1 (en) | Heat Exchange Device and Method for Producing a Heat Exchange Element for a Heat Exchange Device | |
Shen et al. | Thermofluids performances on innovative design with multi-circuit nested loop applicable for double-layer microchannel heat sinks | |
JP4013883B2 (en) | Heat exchanger | |
US20220113097A1 (en) | Open Cell Foam Metal Heat Exchanger | |
Szabó | Additive manufacturing of cooling systems used in power electronics. A brief survey | |
US20120168128A1 (en) | Cooling augmentation using microchannels with rotatable separating plates | |
US20050183851A1 (en) | High efficiency flat panel microchannel heat exchanger | |
JP4572911B2 (en) | Heat exchanger | |
Panse et al. | Evaluation of additively manufactured single-pass and two-pass enhanced microchannel heat sinks | |
EP2775250A1 (en) | Laminated heat exchanger including a heat sink and a thermoelectric device | |
Lewinsohn et al. | Multiscale, ceramic microsystems for heat and mass transfer |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20210816 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20230525 |