Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04B—KNITTING
  • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
  • D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
  • D04B1/16—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials synthetic threads
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04B—KNITTING
  • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
  • D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
  • D04B1/18—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials elastic threads
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04B—KNITTING
  • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
  • D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
  • D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04B—KNITTING
  • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
  • D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
  • D04B21/18—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating elastic threads
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
  • D10B2321/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene
  • D10B2321/0211—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene high-strength or high-molecular-weight polyethylene, e.g. ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene [UHMWPE]
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
  • D10B2403/01—Surface features
  • D10B2403/011—Dissimilar front and back faces
  • D10B2403/0114—Dissimilar front and back faces with one or more yarns appearing predominantly on one face, e.g. plated or paralleled yarns
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
  • D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments

Definitions

• the invention relates to a fabric with anti-cut characteristics.
• the fabric, object of the invention can find application in different sectors, but is designed in particular for use in the sports field and in particular in the ski field.
• the fabric includes several components, in particular the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene yarns that provide the fabric with anti- cut quality.
• the invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and to propose skiwear, which maintains the performance of breathability and the warmth of the body, the freedom in the technical gesture, but which at the same time provides protection from cutting with skis, in particular to create clothing and related fabric that does not alter the current rules established by the FIS (International Ski Federation) regulation regarding the passage of air, which allows the athlete to have no impediments in physical function and technical gesture, therefore having a possibly bi-elastic fabric, which would protect more from the cold by having excellent thermal protection and which would be anti-cut.
• a further object of the invention is to provide a fabric that combines the following characteristics: warmth, easy wearability, abrasion resistance, cut resistance, low temperature resistance and lightness. In addition, for the competitive market it is important to guarantee the aerodynamic performance given by the suit and undersuit combination.
• the object is achieved by a fabric, in particular with a cut resistance level 3 or higher according to EN 388: 2016, comprising:
• thermo polymer yarn such as polyester or polypropylene
• a thermal polymer yarn such as polyester or polypropylene
• a yam of an elastomer for example a polyurethane or elastane
• the double-face fabric according to the invention consisting of two warps and a weft, therefore results in a fabric with two sides or correct sides, here of a different nature due to the different feeds, and without a wrong side.
• the fabrics according to the invention have a single layer of fabric and the sides cannot be separated.
• the fabric according to the invention advantageously has bi-elastic characteristics.
• thermal polymers are polyesters and polypropylene, particularly preferred is polyester.
• the double-face has polyethylene fabric on one side, polyester fabric on the other.
• polyester it is possible to use in fact any type of polyester common in the textile sector, the same applies to the elastomer, particularly suitable is elastane.
• the main characteristics of the polyester thread are in addition to excellent toughness and resistance, high resistance to abrasion, pleats and heat, a high modulus of elasticity, good resistance to chemical and physical agents, a low absorbency coefficient of liquids and humidity, making it highly waterproof and resistant to dirt.
• polyester Another very important characteristic of polyester is that of being provided with flexibility, lightness and high mechanical resistance.
• the low heat transfer coefficient allows to retain body heat with slightly better characteristics than those of wool.
• the third thread of the combination is an elastomer thread.
• Particularly suitable is the elastane elastomer.
• It is advantageously an elastomeric synthetic fibre with continuous burr consisting of at least 85% of the mass of segmented polyurethane. It is produced by extruding molten polyurethane or in solution through a spinneret in a spinning plant. Finds application to elasticize fabrics. Main characteristics are: block copolymer yarn with polyurethane segments, of which exploiting the high crystallinity and rigidity, and segments of polyethylene glycols which give elasticity.
• Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene UHMW-PE: ultra-high-molecular-weight
• HMPE high modulus polyethylene
• HMPE high modulus polyethylene
• it is polyethyl enes with typically 100,000 to 250,000 monomer units with respect to the 700-1800 monomers of the HDPE ⁇ high-density polyethylene), i.e. of the high density polyethylene. They can be produced with a gel spinning process followed by high ironing.
• Dyneema® is a synthetic fibre particularly suitable for the anti-cut fabric according to the invention. A production method is described in the US patent 5 342 567. The Dyneema® fibre derives from a solvent spinning process of UHMW polyethylene. The extension (stretching) of the fibre introduces a molecular alignment and a high crystallinity level.
• the UHMW polyethylene is suitable as a technopolymer with semi -crystalline qualities.
• PE compared to other polyolefins has a very low density with values comprised between 0.91 and 0.97 g/cm 3 , low hardness, high resilience and elongation at break, good resistance to abrasion and wearing, excellent electrical characteristics (insulation), tensile strength increases linearly with density, high permeability to 0 2 , C0 2 and aromatic substances (decreases while density increases), a resistance to the absorption of H 2 0, resistance to saline solutions, acids and alkalis. PE must be stabilized by photo-oxidation and is physiologically harmless.
• the glass transition temperature corresponds to - 100°C, while the melting range is between 110 and 135°C.
• UHMW polyethylene has extremely long chains which allow to transfer high loads along the polymer chain. This results in a very resistant material, with the highest impact resistance of any other thermoplastic material produced.
• the UHMW- PE is linear in structure and has a density of about 0.93 g/cm 3 .
• the molecular weight is comprised between 3 x 10 6 and 6 x 10 6 g/cm 3 .
• Crystallinity varies between 40 and 60%.
• the operating temperature is between -260 and 95°C. It is a rigid material suitable for the production of fibres and monofilaments.
• the first studies conducted for the production of high molecular weight flexible fibres were carried out by English researchers (Andrews, Ward, Capaccio) who studied the spinning of the PE spindle of high molecular weight.
• the first fibres produced had a resistance of 1.3 GPa, an elastic modulus of 60 GPa and an elongation at break of 5%.
• HT polyethylene plays a leading role.
• a recent type of Dyneema® has a toughness of 4N/tex (45 g/den) which makes it usable for applications where high mechanical strength is required.
• UHMW-PE fibres have a toughness that exceeds 15 times that of steel (high capacity to absorb shocks), has a high coefficient of friction and an abrasion resistance that is superior to the main high performance fibres approaching that of nylon.
• aramid fibres it has a lower loss of toughness due to UV rays.
• Its chemical structure gives it a high resistance to acids and bases given by its chemical structure.
• a weakness is the low melting temperature of 150°C. It has good electrical insulation.
• UHMW-PE fibre fully satisfies the properties that the undersuit must have. This fibre in fact guarantees a marked lightness, due to a density lower than that of water, and lower also to other fibres on the market.
• this fibre in a snow environment is optimal because it has poor water absorption and excellent resistance at low temperatures. The most important detail is also its high resistance to abrasion and cutting resulting in the use also in the world of fencing.
• the use of the fabric at low temperatures (such as skiwear) allows to maintain optimal anti-cut characteristics.
• the construction of this knitted fabric is distinguished from other fabrics by the property of having a remarkable elasticity of its own, independent of that of the yam that composes it, and a great porosity. The elasticity is due to the fact that the braided knitted threads act as springs, yielding to the tension and returning to the primitive position as soon as the tension ceases.
• This knitted fabric is made up of bushes or meshes (undulations of the thread) intertwined both transversally and longitudinally.
• This processing is preferably carried out on a circular machine/loom, so-called because it has the needles arranged in a circular bed and the mechanism for forming the mesh with a circular movement.
• a circular machine/loom Preferably one works with a fineness between 14 and 26, preferably with a fineness about 20.
• the distance between the needles determines the "fineness" which therefore expresses the number of needles in a given area.
• the fabric obtained is of tubular shape.
• the needles used are beaked, arranged radially and fixed horizontally and vertically on the cylinder plate.
• the tubular-shaped fabric By falling centrally to the machine/loom, the tubular-shaped fabric is formed which, by gravity, is deposited in the bottom of the same. It is preferably fed by 96 thread feeds arranged as follows: 48 feeds with polyethylene thread and 48 feeds with polyester thread, e.g. in microfibre. The insertion of the elastomer with thread guide internally between the needles gives the fabric the necessary elasticity.
• the anti-cut fabric according to the invention as a double-sided shirt is a fabric with the right and wrong sides of different appearance.
• the fabric is composed of three basic elements (polyethylene, polyester and elastomer yarns), which allows two different weaves to stand out on each side, thanks to the particular weaving of the binding that is obtained by using the double warp and simple weft and in particular also with multiple curvilinear threads, i.e. twisted threads.
• Polyester can also be made as a twisted thread. There are three elements that intertwine with each other so as to keep each other in a certain position.
• the polyethylene face is on the outside of the garment, the polyester face on the inside.
• polyethylene is present in percentages between 50 and 70% by weight, the thermal polymer in percentages between 25 and 35% by weight and the elastomer in percentages between 5 and 15% by weight.
• Particularly preferred to achieve the desired characteristics are percentages of about 60% by weight of polyethylene, about 30% by weight of polyester and about 10% by weight of elastomer.
• the yarn titre (linear mass density), in particular of the polyethylene yam, used to form the fabric.
• the PE-UHMW titre is 165 - 255 dtex, more preferably 200 - 240 dtex.
• the titre of the thermal polymer is 36 - 55 dtex and advantageously the titre of the elastomer is 70 - 90 dtex.
• Particularly preferred are values of 222 dtex for polyethylene, and 78 dtex for the elastomer. The person skilled in the art with his general knowledge easily produces and processes fibres with dtex values in the sense of the invention.
• Titration is the operation that determines the titre of a thread or a yarn. Often, as it is not possible to measure the section of a fibre directly because it is easily deformable and most of the time not circular, the titre is used to characterize its fineness.
• p represents the density of the material.
• the dtex value can be measured for example according to ASTM D1577-07.
• the PE-UHMW yam has a degree of twist of between 350 and 450 turns/metre, preferably about 400 turns/metre.
• the degree of twist is determined by the relative setting of the machine which confers the twist to the yarn. Degrees of twist of the finished yarn can be measured according to ISO 2061.
• the PE-UHMW yarn is a yarn of the multifilament type produced by gel spinning.
• the yam can therefore be composed of a plurality of monofilaments.
• the fabric according to the invention has a height not greater than 150 cm with a maximum tolerance of +/- 2-4%, preferably +/- 3%.
• a narrow height in particular in combination with the number of needles used to produce the knit (preferably 96) and the relative fineness of the machine, guarantees a high compactness of the fabric with higher anti cut characteristics.
• height means the width of the fabric produced. The desired height is reached by stretching, tightening.
• the preferred weight of the fabric according to the invention is between 300 and 450 g/m 2 , preferably between 330 and 420 g/m 2 , more preferably about 380 g/m 2 .
• One method of determining the weight is ISO 3801 : 1977.
• the elastomer is thermofixed at temperatures between 80 and 90°C. Usual temperatures in the textile sector are about 130°C.
• the thermofixing serves to close the stitches and give further compactness.
• a thermofixing at temperatures too high includes the risk of gluing of the stitches which removes and modifies the anti-cut characteristics, due to the hardening via the crystallization of the polyethylene.
• the fabric according to the invention has been subjected to a finishing with the following steps:
• vapour treatment advantageously carried out with the application of vapour at temperatures not above 90 °C.
• the finishing defines the coverage factor, i.e. the space left free by the stitches.
• step (ii) comprises the following steps:
• a further aspect of the invention relates to a method for the production of the fabric according to the invention comprising the following steps:
• the fabric according to the invention is particularly suitable for the manufacture of skiwear, such as shirts, tights and undersuits to be worn under the actual ski suit.
• a further aspect of the invention therefore relates to skiwear, in particular a shirt, tights or ski undersuit, produced with the fabric according to the invention or with a fabric obtained according to the above described method, wherein the part which covers the spinal column, if the case, is preferably realized with an elastic and ladder-proof fabric.
• Ladder-proofness is generally a characteristic of the fabrics, made on looms for chain knitwear, which do not allow the threads used, following a break, to lose the stitch (running) with the disintegration of the fabric as a consequence.
• the skiwear is combined with or integrated by an airbag system, preferably in the upper part of the torso.
• an airbag system preferably in the upper part of the torso.
• the dimensions and positioning are easily adaptable by the person skilled in the art.
• the market offers a wide range of airbags for skiers. Said objects and advantages will be further highlighted during the description of preferred embodiment examples of the invention given, by way of example and not of limitation Embodiments of the invention are the object of the dependent claims.
• the description of preferred embodiment examples of the fabric, of the skiwear of the method for producing the fabric is given, by way of example and not of limitation, with reference to the attached drawings. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT EXAMPLES
• Fig. 1 shows an embodiment example for an undersuit according to the invention in a front view.
• Fig. 2 shows the undersuit of Fig. 1 in a rear view.
• the skiwear according to the invention is made with different fabrics.
• Exemplary clothing is a long-sleeved shirt, trousers 3 ⁇ 4 (i.e. tights of length that ends at the center of the calf) or a one- piece undersuit that combines the shirt and the trousers 3 ⁇ 4.
• the complete suit (the undersuit) is therefore made up of two items: long-sleeved shirt and tights of a length that ends in the center of the calf.
• the clothing described is worn under the racing suit.
• the fabric A is certified BLADE CUT RESISTANCE Level 3 (blade cut resistance level 3) UNI EN 388 (paragraph 6.2) and as a category II personal protective equipment (PPE) according to the reference standards EN 388:2016 and EN ISO 13688:2013.
• A-l Zip Spiral type hinge, chain 5, fixed, elastic, YKK fastening standard
• C-l non-slip elastic with applied silicone, height 30 mm, 70% nylon, 30% lycra, elasticity on 10 cm: 120%, weight per linear meter: 18 g, 30 mm Jacquard elastic Shirt making.
• the front of the shirt is a single piece in fabric A, which covers and protects the front of the bust.
• the muscle parts that are protected are in particular: pectoralis major, abdominal oblique, abdominal rectum, anterior dentate, external oblique.
• a fixed chain 5 zip (A-l) is inserted in the upper part of the neck, with another piece of protection underneath in the fabric A, which when open allow the passage of the user's head.
• the back of the shirt is made up of two lateral pieces in fabric A, and a central piece in fabric B, which covers and protects the back of the torso, allowing the user to have maximum freedom when required.
• the muscular parts that are protected are in particular: teres minor, teres major, infraspinatus, rhomboid, latissimus dorsi.
• the three pieces are joined together with a seam made with a 4 flat seamed needle machine (B-l).
• An anti-slip silicone elastic (C-l) is applied to the bottom, which helps to keep the mesh in the correct position even during the continuous movements that the user makes.
• the sleeves are made from two pieces of type A fabric. Both the right and left sleeves have been marked with a one-piece pattern, which covers the entire surface of the arm.
• the muscular parts that are protected are in particular: deltoid, biceps cuff, triceps, brachioradialis, anconeus, extensor of the carpus, long palmar, trapezius, deltoid, extensor of the fingers.
• the arterial and venous areas that are protected are in particular: subclavian artery D., humeral artery, radial artery.
• the sleeves are closed together and joined to the bust with a seam made with a 4-needle flat seam machine (B-l).
• B-l 4-needle flat seam machine
• the cuff is finished with a two-needle sewing machine cover (B-l), with the addition of a buttonhole built with type B fabric, in the shape of a tape, to be inserted in the thumb of the hand to allow the sleeve to be held in the correct position when another garment is worn over it.
• a piece in the fabric B joins together the two sleeves, the two pieces of the neck and the back of the pelvis in the central rear part.
• the neck has four pieces of different sizes, two external of type B, and two internal of type A, which cover the total circumference of the neck.
• the muscle parts that are protected are in particular: trapezius, sternocleidomastoid.
• the arterial and venous areas that are protected are in particular: 1. carotid artery, jugular vein. They are joined together with a 4 flat-stitched needles (B-l) machine, with the insertion in the rear central part of the back of the type B fabric, in the upper final part of the neck it is edged with a type B fabric edge, of the 8 mm finished height with 2-needle collar machine, in order to give the fabric a correct adherence to the neck without tightening.
• B-l flat-stitched needles
• the muscular parts that are protected are in particular: gluteus maximus, sartorius, adductor, quadriceps, vastus lateral, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, gracilis, large adductor, semitendinosus, semimembranous, gastrocnemius, anterior tibialis, rectus femur.
• the arterial and venous areas that are protected are: femoral artery, internal saphenous vein, tibial artery, popliteal artery, circumflex femoral artery, genicular artery, perforating branches.
• An anti-slip silicone elastic (C-l) is applied to the waist, which helps to keep the tights in the correct position even during the continuous movements that the user makes.
• the fabrics that have been used for the construction of the whole undersuit are of two different compositions, namely the fabrics A and B above, while the accessories A-l and B-l above are needed.
• the undersuit generally referred to as 1, modelling is made up of several pieces:
• a fixed elastic zip 6 spiral 5 (A-l) is inserted centrally, which when open allows the suit to be worn.
• the right rear part 2' and the right front part 2 form a single piece, the same applies to the left rear part 4' and the left front part 4.
• both the right sleeve and the left sleeve are made up of a single piece indicated in the drawing with two reference numbers 8 and 10, which cover and protect the muscular and arterial system of the whole arm.
• the piece is closed between 8 and 10, as is evident from Fig. 2.
• the muscular parts that are protected are in particular: deltoid, biceps cuff, triceps, brachioradialis, anconeus, extensor of the carpus and long palmar, extensor of the fingers.
• the arterial and venous areas that are protected are in particular: subclavian artery D., humeral artery, radial artery, axillary artery, brachial artery, interosseous artery, ulnar artery.
• the two pieces of fabric 8 of each sleeve join together in the central rear above the lumbar part, through an insert 12 in the fabric B, with stitching performed with a 4-needle flat-stitched machine (B-l), to leave the maximum freedom to the athlete's gestures in movements where maximum extensibility of the garment is required.
• the cuff is finished with a 2-needle sewing machine cover (B-l), with the addition of a buttonhole built with type B fabric the shape of a tape, to be inserted in the thumb of the hand to allow the sleeve to be held in the right position when another suit is worn over it.
• B-l 2-needle sewing machine cover
• the back is therefore composed of a piece 12 in the fabric B, which joins together the two back parts 2', 4', the two pieces of the neck 14, 16, and the back part 8 of the sleeves.
• the neck As for the neck, it is made up of four pieces of different sizes, two externals in fabric B, and two internal in fabric A, which cover and protect the muscular and arterial system of the neck.
• the figures show only the external pieces 14, 16.
• the muscle parts that are protected are in particular: trapezius and sternocleidomastoid.
• the arterial and venous areas that are protected are in particular: 1. carotid artery, and jugular vein.
• the two pieces of fabric are joined together by 4 flat-stitched needles (B-l) machine, with the central piece 12 of the upside of the head in fabric B, in the upper final part the neck is finished with a type B fabric edge of the finished height 8 mm, with 2-needle collar machine, to be able to give a correct adhesion of the fabric to the neck itself without tightening.
• B-l flat-stitched needles
• two pieces 18/18', 20/20' are made in fabric A, a right piece 18/18' and a left piece 20/20' of equal size and shape, shaped to give a better fit for those who wear it, which cover and protect the muscular and arterial system of the buttocks of the thigh and tibia.
• the muscular parts that are protected are in particular: gluteus maximus, sartorius, adductor, quadriceps, vastus lateral, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, gracilis, large adductor, semitendinosus, semimembranous, gastrocnemius, anterior tibialis, rectus femur.
• the arterial and venous areas that are protected are, in particular: femoral artery, internal saphenous vein, tibial artery, popliteal artery, iliac artery, perforating branches, circumflexed femoral artery, genicular artery.
• the undersuit and shirt are BLADE CUT RESISTANCE Level 3 UNI EN 388: 2016 certified for protective gloves against mechanical risks ( ⁇ 6.2 blade cutting; similar and partial application) and as a personal protective device (PPE) category II according to the standards reference EN 388: 2016 and EN ISO 13688: 2013.
• the test has conferred the EU-type examination certificate for a garment indicated to be worn under clothing for skiing, to protect against cutting made by ski edges.
• the preparation of the raw fabric can take place in the following way: the pieces coming from the crude oil control phase are usually rolled, one by one on special pallets or already rolled, they must be sewn head-tail to undergo the same treatments, then wrapped in large rolls just to get to the dry cleaners.
• the scouring of the fabric follows. This process has the purpose of washing in rope several pieces of cloth in a single machine called fulling mill.
• the washing and desizing which have the purpose of removing all impurities from the fabric (sizing, textile oil, dirt, also resulting from the previous processes), is carried out in a washing in rope.
• an exemplary washing process consists of four successive steps: (1) Soaking: the fabric is impregnated with water and a mechanical rubbing action eliminates insoluble substances, such as dirt, dust and unattached dyes, etc.
• Opening the tube is a delicate phase; to make a perfect cut, the drop-needle stitch must be performed on the circular machine (a stretch mark along the entire length of the piece obtained by removing a needle from the circular machine). The opening of the tubular takes place during the finishing.
• the hydroextraction is carried out, before definitively drying the fabric, in the pauses between the various wet processes, in particular after washing. This continuous processing leaves 10- 15% more water in the pieces compared to drying in a stenter, but eliminates downtime and offers superior production.
• the fixing is a preliminary treatment to the finishing processes which stabilizes the fabric which, when subjected to the action of water, can be distorted and deformed as a result of the tensions inside the fabric itself.
• the fixing is preferably done by blocking the external sides of the fabric (selvedge) with needles placed on rollers where the fabric is made to pass.
• weft straightener which serves to keep the wefts perpendicular to the warp threads, i.e. to straighten the weft, is found in the drying process in a stenter.
• the stenter is a machine for drying fabrics continuously with hot air.
• vapour treatment at the end of the finishing cycle the fabric is subjected to vapour treatments which give it the desired hand and stabilize hand and size.
• the vapour treatment corresponds to the thermofixing.
• the finishing steps were extracted from different textile treatment processes for different types of fabrics, such as wool and cotton.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)

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• 2020
  • 2020-01-28 EP EP20705518.7A patent/EP3918122A1/de active Pending
  • 2020-01-28 WO PCT/IB2020/050634 patent/WO2020157638A1/en unknown

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