EP3911415A1 - Dapsone formulations and methods of using same - Google Patents
Dapsone formulations and methods of using sameInfo
- Publication number
- EP3911415A1 EP3911415A1 EP21742678.2A EP21742678A EP3911415A1 EP 3911415 A1 EP3911415 A1 EP 3911415A1 EP 21742678 A EP21742678 A EP 21742678A EP 3911415 A1 EP3911415 A1 EP 3911415A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dapsone
- person
- dosage
- administering
- milligrams
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dapsone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 189
- 229960000860 dapsone Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 186
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 208000025721 COVID-19 Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229940097496 nasal spray Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000007922 nasal spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229940100652 nasal gel Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 206010001052 Acute respiratory distress syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 24
- 208000013616 Respiratory Distress Syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 21
- 201000000028 adult respiratory distress syndrome Diseases 0.000 claims description 21
- MQTOSJVFKKJCRP-BICOPXKESA-N azithromycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](C)C(=O)O[C@@H]([C@@]([C@H](O)[C@@H](C)N(C)C[C@H](C)C[C@@](C)(O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](C[C@@H](C)O2)N(C)C)O)[C@H]1C)(C)O)CC)[C@H]1C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 MQTOSJVFKKJCRP-BICOPXKESA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229960004099 azithromycin Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 229960003722 doxycycline Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- XQTWDDCIUJNLTR-CVHRZJFOSA-N doxycycline monohydrate Chemical compound O.O=C1C2=C(O)C=CC=C2[C@H](C)[C@@H]2C1=C(O)[C@]1(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@H](N(C)C)[C@@H]1[C@H]2O XQTWDDCIUJNLTR-CVHRZJFOSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000002811 oleoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000400 lauroyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007957 coemulsifier Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003928 nasal cavity Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-1-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC(O)CN1C1CCNCC1 HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940059904 light mineral oil Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229940100688 oral solution Drugs 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229940100692 oral suspension Drugs 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 210000000440 neutrophil Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 8
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- OIQOAYVCKAHSEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,3-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)propoxy]ethanol;hexadecanoic acid;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound OCCOCC(OCCO)COCCO.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O OIQOAYVCKAHSEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007923 nasal drop Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940100662 nasal drops Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 206010050685 Cytokine storm Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 102000004890 Interleukin-8 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090001007 Interleukin-8 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 206010035664 Pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 206010006451 bronchitis Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 206010052015 cytokine release syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N (S)-colchicine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](NC(C)=O)CC2)=CC(=O)C(OC)=CC=C1C1=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=C1OC IAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940082500 cetostearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 4
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PHEDXBVPIONUQT-RGYGYFBISA-N phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate Chemical compound C([C@]1(O)C(=O)C(C)=C[C@H]1[C@@]1(O)[C@H](C)[C@H]2OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(CO)=C[C@H]1[C@H]1[C@]2(OC(C)=O)C1(C)C PHEDXBVPIONUQT-RGYGYFBISA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratriacontyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241001678559 COVID-19 virus Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000711573 Coronaviridae Species 0.000 description 3
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 201000003176 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000016247 Soft tissue disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000037883 airway inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000424 bronchial epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000009460 calcium influx Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002975 chemoattractant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010255 intramuscular injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007927 intramuscular injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003448 neutrophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009747 swallowing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000006545 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000014085 Chronic respiratory disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000001528 Coronaviridae Infections Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000792859 Enema Species 0.000 description 2
- 101000818522 Homo sapiens fMet-Leu-Phe receptor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000022559 Inflammatory bowel disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000043136 MAP kinase family Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091054455 MAP kinase family Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000025370 Middle East respiratory syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102000003896 Myeloperoxidases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000235 Myeloperoxidases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 208000004756 Respiratory Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000725643 Respiratory syncytial virus Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001338 colchicine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000006196 drop Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007920 enema Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013265 extended release Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102100021145 fMet-Leu-Phe receptor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 150000005828 hydrofluoroalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000028709 inflammatory response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006008 lipopolysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005399 mechanical ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003642 reactive oxygen metabolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000019254 respiratory burst Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000004193 respiratory failure Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000009890 sinusitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- HFKPAXQHQKDLSU-MCDZGGTQSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol;pyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1.C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O HFKPAXQHQKDLSU-MCDZGGTQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000002874 Acne Vulgaris Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010052613 Allergic bronchitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WSVLPVUVIUVCRA-KPKNDVKVSA-N Alpha-lactose monohydrate Chemical compound O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O WSVLPVUVIUVCRA-KPKNDVKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000001320 Atherosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010059108 CD18 Antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000017667 Chronic Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000494545 Cordyline virus 2 Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000011231 Crohn disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000003883 Cystic fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010012468 Dermatitis herpetiformis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000000059 Dyspnea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010013975 Dyspnoeas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010092408 Eosinophil Peroxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100028471 Eosinophil peroxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091006027 G proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000030782 GTP binding Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091000058 GTP-Binding Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000009329 Graft vs Host Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101001046686 Homo sapiens Integrin alpha-M Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000935040 Homo sapiens Integrin beta-2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102100022338 Integrin alpha-M Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100025390 Integrin beta-2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010002352 Interleukin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010024229 Leprosy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000019693 Lung disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000021642 Muscular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282341 Mustela putorius furo Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000009623 Myopathy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000002481 Myositis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ACFIXJIJDZMPPO-NNYOXOHSSA-N NADPH Chemical compound C1=CCC(C(=O)N)=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O2)N2C3=NC=NC(N)=C3N=C2)O)O1 ACFIXJIJDZMPPO-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000008589 Obesity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005141 Otitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010033078 Otitis media Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000016387 Pancreatic elastase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010067372 Pancreatic elastase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000018737 Parkinson disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005384 Pneumocystis Pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010073755 Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010035669 Pneumonia aspiration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000003923 Protein Kinase C Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000315 Protein Kinase C Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010038687 Respiratory distress Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010057190 Respiratory tract infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039094 Rhinitis perennial Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036284 Rhinitis seasonal Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000315672 SARS coronavirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010040070 Septic Shock Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010017842 Telomerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000036142 Viral infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920000392 Zymosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010000496 acne Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000172 allergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008382 alveolar damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010002026 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000009807 aspiration pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010668 atopic eczema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001631 carbomer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- PRQROPMIIGLWRP-BZSNNMDCSA-N chemotactic peptide Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](NC=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 PRQROPMIIGLWRP-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003677 chloroquine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010009887 colitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- OZRNSSUDZOLUSN-LBPRGKRZSA-N dihydrofolic acid Chemical compound N=1C=2C(=O)NC(N)=NC=2NCC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OZRNSSUDZOLUSN-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002222 downregulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940088679 drug related substance Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000019258 ear infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002889 endothelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940095399 enema Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940079360 enema for constipation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010579 first pass effect Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003168 generic drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024908 graft versus host disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002440 hepatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003630 histaminocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002519 immonomodulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006028 immune-suppresssive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960001021 lactose monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008383 multiple organ dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011242 neutrophil chemotaxis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930027945 nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000020824 obesity Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007170 pathology Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 201000000317 pneumocystosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000015768 polyposis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036391 respiratory frequency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000023504 respiratory system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039073 rheumatoid arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036303 septic shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000017520 skin disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000583 toxicological profile Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000002627 tracheal intubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003606 umbilical vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000019553 vascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007966 viscous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0043—Nose
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
- A61K31/136—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline having the amino group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. benzeneamine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/65—Tetracyclines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/7042—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
- A61K31/7052—Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. nucleosides, nucleotides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
- A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
- A61K9/0075—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy for inhalation via a dry powder inhaler [DPI], e.g. comprising micronized drug mixed with lactose carrier particles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the medical field.
- An embodiment of the invention comprises a method for treating a person afflicted with COVID-19.
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health emergency. It has focused worldwide attention and efforts towards rapid identification and implementation of mitigation strategies at an unprecedented rate. This disease threatens to overwhelm existing healthcare capacities of countries despite their maximal emergency preparedness. No approved drugs specifically for the treatment of patients with COVID- 19 currently exist.
- COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which unlike previous coronavirus outbreaks, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks, has spread rapidly and has been reported from 183 countries and territories around the world, including the United States and Canada.
- SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- MERS Middle East respiratory syndrome
- CDC Centers for Disease Control
- CDC Centers for Disease Control
- CDC the majority of patients hospitalized have some type of comorbidity including Flypertension, Cardiovascular diseases, Obesity, Chronic respiratory disease or Diabetes (Situation Summary
- an effective method for treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
- ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome
- a formulation for being administered intravenously there is provided an effective treatment for acute and disproportionate inflammatory respiratory complications caused by COVID-19 infection presenting in moderate to severe symptomatic patients.
- An embodiment of the invention comprises a method for reducing complications related to COVID-19 or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) comprising administering dapsone (C12H12N2O2S), also known as 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, to a person afflicted with COVID-19 or ARDS.
- dapsone C12H12N2O2S
- An embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 comprising administering to the person a dosage of dapsone.
- the dosage of dapsone is 75-100 milligrams (mg) to the person twice per day.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 comprising administering 80-90 milligrams of dapsone to the person twice per day.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 comprising administering 85 milligrams of dapsone to the person twice per day.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 comprising administering 75-100 milligrams of dapsone to the person twice per day for twenty-one days.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 comprising administering 80-90 milligrams of dapsone to the person twice per day for twenty-one days.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 comprising administering 85 milligrams of dapsone to the person twice per day for twenty-one days.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 comprising providing a dosage of dapsone in micronized powder form, and providing an inhaler apparatus adapted to dispense micronized powder.
- the inhaler is supplied with the dosage of dapsone, and the afflicted person is administered the dosage of dapsone via the inhaler.
- the dosage of dapsone can be 75-100 milligrams of dapsone.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 comprising providing an inhaler apparatus comprising a liquid solution comprising 75-100 milligrams of dapsone, and administering the dosage of dapsone to the person via the inhaler.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 comprising providing an inhaler apparatus supplied with a formulation comprising dapsone and at least one antibiotic, such as azithromycin and/or doxycycline.
- the formulation is administered to the afflicted person via the inhaler.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 by administering into the person’s nasal cavity about fifty milliliters of a liquid solution comprising 5-200 milligrams of dapsone.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a nasal spray comprising 5-200 milligrams of dapsone in a fifty milliliter liquid solution.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 by dispensing into the person’s nasal cavity a nasal spray comprising dapsone, glycerin, and at least one co-emulsifier selected from the group consisting of lauroyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides and oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides.
- a nasal spray comprising dapsone, glycerin, and at least one co-emulsifier selected from the group consisting of lauroyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides and oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides.
- the nasal spray can further comprise absolute alcohol.
- the nasal spray further comprises water.
- the nasal spray also includes at least one antibiotic, such as azithromycin and/or doxycycline.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a nasal spray comprising dapsone and azithromycin.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a nasal spray comprising dapsone and doxycycline.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a nasal spray comprising dapsone, azithromycin and doxycycline.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 by administering into the person’s nasal cavity a nasal gel comprising dapsone, castor oil and at least one co-emulsifier selected from the group consisting of lauroyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides and oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a nasal gel comprising dapsone, castor oil and at least one co-emulsifier selected from the group consisting of lauroyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides and oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides.
- the nasal gel further includes absolute alcohol, propylene glycol, silicon dioxide, polyacrylic acid and/or water.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 by administering into the person’s ear an otic formulation comprising dapsone, and at least one co-emulsifier such as lauroyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides and/or oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises an otic formulation comprising dapsone and at least one co-emulsifier, such as lauroyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides and/or oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides.
- the formulation further comprises isopropyl alcohol, isopropyl myristate and/or light mineral oil.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 by administering a solution comprising dapsone orally to the afflicted person.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises an oral solution comprising dapsone, alcohol, propylene glycol, and glycerin.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises an oral suspension comprising dapsone.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a patch comprising dapsone.
- the patch is adapted to be placed on the skin of the patient, and the dapsone is absorbed through the patient’s skin.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a slow release patch comprising dapsone, absolute alcohol, propylene glycol, cetostearyl alcohol, and at least one co emulsifier, such as lauroyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides and/or oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a fast release patch comprising dapsone, absolute alcohol, propylene glycol, cetostearyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (also known as TRANSCUTOL), and at least one co-emulsifier, such as lauroyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides and/or oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides.
- a fast release patch comprising dapsone, absolute alcohol, propylene glycol, cetostearyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (also known as TRANSCUTOL), and at least one co-emulsifier, such as lauroyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides and/or oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with an inflammatory bowel disease comprising providing a suppository comprising dapsone and positioning the suppository in the afflicted person’s rectum.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a suppository comprising dapsone.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with acute respiratory distress syndrome in which the afflicted person is administered a dosage of dapsone.
- the dosage of dapsone can be 75-100 milligrams of dapsone given twice per day.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with acute respiratory distress syndrome in which the afflicted person is administered a dosage of 80-90 milligrams of dapsone twice per day.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with acute respiratory distress syndrome in which the afflicted person is administered a dosage of eighty-five milligrams of dapsone to the person twice per day.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with acute respiratory distress syndrome comprising administering 75-100 milligrams of dapsone to the person twice per day for twenty-one days.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with acute respiratory distress syndrome comprising administering eighty-five milligrams of dapsone to the afflicted person twice per day for twenty-one days.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a formulation adapted for nasal inhalation comprising dapsone and at least one antibiotic selected from the group consisting of azithromycin and doxycycline.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a formulation comprising 5 to 200 milligrams of dapsone, 50 to 2000 milligrams of azithromycin, 25 to 200 milligrams of doxycycline.
- a method for treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 or ARDS comprises administering to the afflicted person a dosage of 75-100 milligrams (mg) of dapsone (C12H12N2O2S) twice per day.
- a method for treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 or having ARDS comprises administering to a person afflicted with COVID-19 or ARDS a dosage of 80-95 milligrams (mg) of dapsone twice per day.
- a method for treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 or ARDS comprises administering to the afflicted person a dosage of 80-90 milligrams (mg) of dapsone twice per day.
- a method for treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 or ARDS comprises administering to the afflicted person a dosage of 80-90 milligrams (mg) of dapsone twice per day for twenty-one days.
- a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 or ARDS comprises administering to the afflicted person eighty- five milligrams (mg) of dapsone twice per day.
- a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 or ARDS comprises administering to the afflicted person eighty- five milligrams (mg) of dapsone twice per day for twenty-one days.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a formulation adapted to be administered intravenously to a person afflicted with COVID-19 or ARDS.
- the formulation comprises dapsone and a mixture of diluents.
- the diluents can comprise alcohol, PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil, polysorbate 80, and water.
- kits comprised of a first container containing dapsone and a second container containing diluents.
- the diluents can comprise alcohol, PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil, polysorbate 80, and water.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with pneumonia by administering a formulation comprised of dapsone and at least one antibiotic, such as azithromycin and/or doxycycline.
- the formulation can be administered using an inhaler.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with bronchitis by administering a formulation comprised of dapsone and at least one antibiotic, such as azithromycin and/or doxycycline.
- the formulation can be administered to the afflicted person using an inhaler.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with pneumonia or bronchitis comprising using an inhaler to administer to the afflicted person a formulation comprised of dapsone and azithromycin.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with pneumonia or bronchitis comprising using an inhaler to administer to the afflicted person a formulation comprised of dapsone and doxycycline.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with pneumonia or bronchitis comprising using an inhaler to administer to the afflicted person a formulation comprised of dapsone, azithromycin and doxycycline.
- Dapsone also known as 4,4’-diamino-diphenyl sulfone or DDS
- DDS is an aniline derivative belonging to the group of synthetic sulfones. It has dual functions, having both anti-microbial effects and anti-inflammatory features. Dapsone’s anti-microbial effects stem from its sulfonamide-like ability to inhibit the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid. It is listed on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, as one of the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system (World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines, 2019). Processes for the synthesis of dapsone are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos.
- Dapsone s anti-inflammatory properties stem from inhibition of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing the effect of eosinophil peroxidase on mast cells and down-regulating neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses. More specifically, dapsone inhibits the myeloperoxidase-hhC -halide-mediated cytotoxic system in polymorphonucleocytes. As part of the respiratory burst that neutrophils use to kill bacteria, myeloperoxidase converts hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into hypochlorous acid (HOCI).
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- H2O2O2O2 hydrogen peroxide
- HOCI hypochlorous acid
- HOCI is the most potent oxidant generated by neutrophils and, beyond bactericidal effects, can cause significant host tissue damage during inflammation. Dapsone arrests myeloperoxidase in an inactive intermediate form, reversibly inhibiting the enzyme. This prevents the accumulation of HOCI and reduces tissue damage during inflammation.
- Dapsone can suppress intra- and extracellular production of superoxide (O2-) and elastase release triggered by FLMP and physiological agonist C5a, but not by PMA. Both FMLP and C5a signal the above pathways by inducing calcium influx, but PMA functions bypassed calcium influx. Dapsone is capable of antagonizing the induction of calcium influx (FMLP: N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine, PMA phorbol myristate acetate, PKC protein kinase C, NADPH nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate).
- FMLP N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine
- PMA phorbol myristate acetate
- PKC protein kinase C NADPH nicotinamide adenosine dinucleo
- Dapsone inhibits IL-8 secretion from human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and resolves airway inflammation in the ferret.
- IL-8 is an important activator cytokine and chemo-attractant for neutrophils that is produced by normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-KB) p65 pathways.
- NHBE normal human bronchial epithelial
- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NF-KB nuclear factor-kB
- dapsone e.g., the inhibition of neutrophil adherence - dapsone inhibits beta2 integrin (CD11b/CD18)-mediated adherence of human neutrophils
- beta2 integrin CD11b/CD18
- dapsone interferes with the activation or function of the G-protein (Gi type) that initiates the signal transduction cascade.
- Dapsone is considered as an immune-modulatory or immune-suppressive drug, like hydroxyl-chloroquine and colchicine. Dapsone is considered also as a neutrophil migration inhibitor, as reported for colchicine and IL-1 antagonists. Dapsone may be useful in treating neutrophilic airway inflammation and therefore may mitigate the cytokine storm triggered by COVID-19. Dapsone has been used prophylactically in HIV-infected patients and in the treatment of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (Australian Medicines Handbook 2006, 2006).
- dapsone The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved indications for dapsone are leprosy, dermatitis herpetiformis, and acne vulgaris. It is also a useful adjunct therapeutic agent to many skin disorders. Treatment with dapsone aims to target neutrophil activation and to reduce accumulation of reactive oxygen intermediates during a rapidly evolving and potentially maladaptive immune response.
- FDA Food and Drug Administration
- Dapsone offers many advantages. It presents a scientifically sound mechanism of action and is a relatively affordable generic drug. Dapsone is efficiently absorbed (70%-80%) from the gastrointestinal tract and is therefore amenable to outpatient settings. Dapsone reaches peak serum concentration in 2-6 hours and has a mean half- life of 20-30 hours. Dapsone is adequately distributed to the fluid of the alveolar spaces. Dapsone’s metabolic, pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles are well documented.
- ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- IL-8 is an important activator cytokine and chemo-attractant for neutrophils produced by normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Dapsone inhibits IL-8 secretion from human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and in animal studies has shown to resolves airway inflammation.
- Dapsone In neutrophilic dermatological conditions, dapsone’s effectiveness has been largely through the inhibition of IL-8 mediated neutrophil chemotaxis leading to favorable outcomes even without interfering with the underlying pathology. Dapsone has the potential to alleviate the pulmonary inflammatory phase triggered by COVID-19 and prevent the hospitalization of many patients afflicted with COVID-19 around the world.
- dapsone to standard of care in symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive patients may be more effective in reducing COVID-19 complications requiring hospitalization with or without intensive care unit admission, and further complications such as intubation with invasive mechanical ventilation support, and mortality when compared to standard care alone.
- An embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating patients with COVID-19 comprising the use of dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone) in an early treatment approach to arrest COVID-19 complications.
- a patient with COVID-19 is given a dosage of 80-90 milligrams (mg) of dapsone twice per day.
- the afflicted patient is given 85 mg of dapsone twice daily for twenty-one days.
- the dosage of dapsone can be administered to the patient in tablet form.
- an extended release tablet containing 160-180 mg of dapsone is administered once daily for twenty-one days.
- a patient is given 80-90 mg of dapsone twice daily or an extended release tablet of 160-180 mg of dapsone once per day for COVID-19 or ARDS prevention upon patient diagnosis before respiratory distress.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a dapsone formulation for intravenous delivery.
- the formulation comprises dapsone and a mixture of diluents.
- the diluents can be comprised of alcohol, PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil, polysorbate 80, and water (as needed).
- the alcohol is absolute alcohol (ethanol containing no more than one percent water).
- Preferred embodiments of the intravenous formulation are shown in the following table. (The concentration of each of the above ingredients can be varied by ⁇ 30%. )
- the formulation is supplied in two separate containers.
- Container A will have dapsone drug substance that is sterile and will receive sterile solvent mixture from container B (children 5 mg/ Kg BW, 25 mg, 85 mg and 200 mg adult dose).
- Container B contains a mixture of diluent as listed in the above table. Preferably, there is a total of 20-100 milliliters (ml_) of diluent mixture contained in container B.
- the diluent mixture is drawn from container B with a sterile syringe and added to container A.
- the contents of container A are mixed, and the required dose is injected into an l/V drip bag.
- the l/V drip bag is administered to the patient.
- An embodiment of the invention comprises a method for treating a hospitalized patient using an incremental dosage of dapsone over four days at hospitalization due to ARDS (cytokine storm rescuer).
- the dosage can be administered by intramuscular injection (IM), subcutaneously, or intravenously.
- IM intramuscular injection
- the dosage can be 150 mg twice daily (bid) the first day, 300 mg bid the second day, and 600 mg bid the third and fourth days.
- the dosage can be 75 mg bid the first day, 150 mg bid the second day, and 300 mg bid on the third and fourth days.
- dapsone can be administered nasally.
- Nasal drug delivery is helpful where oral ingestion of dapsone (tablets / solutions/ suspensions) is difficult. Rapid adsorption via nasal presentation of dapsone spray / gel / drops is effective due to abundant capillary vessels, fast onset of action, avoidance of hepatic first-pass metabolism, utility for chronic medication and ease of administration, especially in children and geriatric populations. Additionally, nasal presentation will avoid first portal circulation, thereby maximizing beneficial effects of the drug for a longer time compared to oral route.
- the nasal spray and nasal gel versions are lipid based and help increase residence time of the drug in the nasal mucosal lining for a longer time and, thus, increasing maximal absorption of presented drug. Additionally, nasal presentation avoids first portal circulation, thereby maximizing beneficial effects of the drug for a longer time compared to oral route. It is believed that some dapsone active from the spray and gel applied to the nasal membranes will also go directly to lungs lining, thereby, providing relief much faster than the oral ingestion route. Benefits of presentation via nasal drops is similar to nasal gel. Additionally, drops will benefit both pediatric and geriatric patients who are unable to take tablets.
- An embodiment of the invention comprises a nasal spray comprising dapsone in an aqueous solution.
- a nasal spray comprises dapsone in a solution comprising a mixture of liquid solvents.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a nasal spray comprised of dapsone, LABRAFIL M1944CS (oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides), absolute alcohol, glycerine (C3H8O3), and liquid water (H2O) as needed.
- Preferred formulations of the nasal spray are shown in the table below. (The concentration of each ingredient can be varied by ⁇ 30 %.)
- An embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with COVID-19 by administering to the afflicted person a nasal spray comprising dapsone.
- the nasal spray can be one of the nasal spray formulations described above.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a person afflicted with ARDS by administering any one of the nasal spray formulations described above.
- Any one of the nasal spray formulations described above can also be used in methods for treating seasonal or perennial rhinitis, nasal polyposis and/or infectious sinusitis.
- the nasal spray also includes at least one antibiotic, such as azithromycin and/or doxycycline.
- the nasal gel comprises dapsone.
- the nasal gel can be comprised of dapsone, LABRAFIL M2130CS (Lauroyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides), LABRAFIL M1944CS (oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides), absolute alcohol, propylene glycol, castor oil, silicon dioxide, Carbomer 934P (polyacrylic acid), and water as needed.
- Preferred formulations of the nasal gel are shown in the table below. (The concentration of each of the ingredients can be varied by ⁇ 30 %.)
- nasal drops comprising dapsone.
- Preferred formulations of the nasal drops are provided in the table below. (The concentration of each of the ingredients can be varied by ⁇ 30%. ) Nasal Drops
- the nasal spray and nasal gel embodiments are lipid based and help increase residence time of the drug in the nasal mucosal lining, thus increasing maximal absorption of presented drug. These modes are particularly beneficial for treatment of allergic, inflammatory, or infectious sinusitis.
- Benefits of nasal drops presentation are similar to nasal gel. Additionally, nasal drops benefit both pediatric and geriatric patients who are unable to take tablets.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises an otic formulation comprising dapsone.
- Otic formulations are helpful for ear-related infections for patients of various ages, as well as for otitis media. Dapsone has strong antimicrobial as well as anti inflammatory properties. It is believed that this presentation can relieve patients of ear infections as well as the inflammatory responses, thus alleviating discomfort and pain.
- Preferred otic formulations are provided in the table below. (The concentration of each ingredient can be varied by ⁇ 30 %.)
- Embodiments of the invention include oral solutions and suspensions.
- Oral solutions and suspensions can be beneficial to patients, which have difficulty swallowing tablets, especially in pediatric and geriatric populations.
- Solution presentation can be easy to administer to children either by a syringe or a spoon/ dosing cup.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises an oral solution comprising dapsone.
- An oral solution according to an embodiment of the invention can be comprised of dapsone, absolute alcohol, propylene glycol, and glycerin. Preferred embodiments of the oral solution are provided in the table below. (The concentration of each ingredient can be varied by ⁇ 30%.)
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises an oral suspension comprising dapsone.
- Oral suspension is of greater use in both pediatric and geriatric patents who have difficulty swallowing. A more viscous suspension as well as a thicker solution will not cause any swallowing related aspiration pneumonia in patients. Also, a thicker solution/suspension taken orally is easier to swallow, especially in elderly patients with stroke, ALS or Parkinson’s diseases.
- Preferred embodiments of the oral suspension are shown in the table below. (The concentration of each ingredient can be varied by ⁇ 30%. )
- the slow release patch preferably comprises dapsone, absolute alcohol, propylene glycol, cetostearyl alcohol, and at least one co-emulsifier, such as lauroyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides (LABRAFIL M2130CS) and/or oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides (LABRAFIL M1944CS).
- co-emulsifier such as lauroyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides (LABRAFIL M2130CS) and/or oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides (LABRAFIL M1944CS).
- Preferred embodiments of the slow release patch are provided in the table below. (The concentration of each ingredient can be varied by ⁇ 30 %.)
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a fast release patch comprising dapsone.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a fast release patch comprising dapsone, absolute alcohol, propylene glycol, cetostearyl alcohol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (also known as TRANSCUTOL), and at least one co-emulsifier, such as lauroyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides (LABRAFIL M2130CS) and/or oleoyl polyoxyl-6 glycerides (LABRAFIL M1944CS).
- Preferred embodiments of the fast release patch are provided in the table below. (The concentration of each ingredient can be varied by ⁇ 30%.)
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a dapsone suppository for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s and ulcerating colitis.
- Preferred embodiments of the suppository are provided in the table below. (The concentration of each ingredient can be varied by ⁇ 30 %.)
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating a patient afflicted with COVID-19 or ARDS comprising the steps of forming dapsone in a micronized powder form and administering the micronized powder to the patient using an inhaler.
- the step of forming dapsone into a micronized powder can be accomplished using a thin film freezing process disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 10,285,945, which is incorporated by reference herein.
- An embodiment of the invention comprises an inhaler apparatus that dispenses micronized powder particles of dapsone.
- the apparatus can comprise an inhaler adapted to deliver a medication in a solid micronized powder form, such as the inhaler disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,207,217, which is incorporated by reference herein.
- the inhaler can be supplied with a dosage of approximately 75-100 milligrams of dapsone in micronized powder form, and the dosage can be administered to a patient.
- the inhaler apparatus can be used to treat all viral or bacterial infections that can provoke a cytokine storm.
- the inhaler is supplied with dapsone and at least one antibiotic, such as azithromycin and/or doxycycline, that can be formed into a dry micronized powder, blended together, and dispensed by the inhaler.
- antibiotic such as azithromycin and/or doxycycline
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises an inhaler apparatus that dispenses a liquid solution comprising dapsone.
- the inhaler can dispense a dosage of liquid solution comprising approximately 75-100 milligrams of dapsone.
- Another embodiment comprises a method of treating respiratory conditions, such as COVID-19, ARDS, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and allergic bronchitis (asthma) comprising administering a liquid solution comprising 75-100 milligrams of dapsone.
- respiratory conditions such as COVID-19, ARDS, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and allergic bronchitis (asthma
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of treating pneumonia and/or bronchitis with a formulation comprising dapsone and at least one antibiotic.
- the antibiotic can be azithromycin and/or doxycycline.
- the formulation can be administered using an inhaler.
- Another embodiment of the invention comprises a formulation comprising dapsone and at least one antibiotic, such as azithromycin or doxycycline.
- An embodiment of the invention comprises a nasal inhalation formulation comprising a dry powder blend of dapsone and the antibiotic(s).
- the powder blend can be comprised of dapsone (5 mg to 200 mg), azithromycin (50 mg to 2000 mg), and doxycycline (25 mg to 200 mg).
- the dry powder blend is mixed with appropriate blending excipients to stabilize the formulation and help in delivery of the dapsone, azithromycin and doxycycline.
- the blending can be appropriately blended to deliver from twenty microliters (pl_) to 100 mI_ doses.
- Preferred additives include lactose monohydrate or other appropriate blending excipient.
- the blend can be packaged in anodized/ coated aluminum containers with hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) propellent.
- HFA hydrofluoroalkane
- the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) can be micronized with a range from one to five micrometer (pm) with an average of 2-4 pm.
- the blending materials can also be micronized accordingly to generate a homogenous blend of active ingredients and excipients enabling an accurate delivery of the inhaled drum product and rapid absorption by the alveoli in the lungs.
- Dapsone formulations can also be administered via an enema in a concentration of between 200 mg and 1000 mg. This approach is beneficial when the lesion is located in the upper part of the intestine.
- COVID-19 is a soft tissue disorder, as it attacks the lining of the alveolar sacs.
- Other types of soft tissue disorders that can be treated with dapsone include respiratory disorders, including, but not limited to, respiratory infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (where dapsone is administered via a nebulizer), chronic lung disease, and cystic fibrosis (particularly early stage to control inflammation).
- respiratory infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza
- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- COVID-19 chronic lung disease
- myositis such as inflammatory idiopathic myopathies (neutrophilic), rheumatoid arthritis and other collagenous vascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and aging (including telomerase function alteration as an anti-oxidative agent) can be treated by administration of dapsone in a concentration of 75-100 mg twice daily, and preferably 80-95 mg twice daily, and more preferably 80-90 mg twice daily, and still more preferably 85 mg twice daily.
- dapsone in a concentration of 75-100 mg twice daily, and preferably 80-95 mg twice daily, and more preferably 80-90 mg twice daily, and still more preferably 85 mg twice daily.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US202063001972P | 2020-03-30 | 2020-03-30 | |
US202063029685P | 2020-05-25 | 2020-05-25 | |
CA3083002 | 2020-06-10 | ||
PCT/CA2021/050425 WO2021195765A1 (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Dapsone formulations and methods of using same |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3911415A1 true EP3911415A1 (en) | 2021-11-24 |
EP3911415A4 EP3911415A4 (en) | 2022-10-12 |
Family
ID=77927001
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21742678.2A Pending EP3911415A4 (en) | 2020-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Dapsone formulations and methods of using same |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3911415A4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2021195765A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2023523035A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2023-06-01 | コーエン ノーム | Quinine and its use to generate an innate immune response |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1243344B (en) | 1990-07-16 | 1994-06-10 | Promo Pack Sa | MULTI-DOSE INHALER FOR POWDER MEDICATIONS |
EP1778630B1 (en) | 2004-07-07 | 2015-08-26 | Lundbeck Pharmaceuticals Italy S.P.A. | Process for synthesis of 4-4'-diamino-diphenyl-sulfone |
DK2170283T3 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2019-04-15 | Univ Texas | CREATION OF STABLE SUBMICRON Peptide OR PROTEIN PARTICLES BY THIN FILM FREEZING |
US9845289B2 (en) | 2014-08-01 | 2017-12-19 | Seegpharm Sa | Process for the synthesis of Dapsone and its intermediates |
KR20200124185A (en) * | 2019-11-16 | 2020-11-02 | 이종훈 | 4,4′-Diaminodiphenyl Sulfone as an Inflammasome Competitor of Oral Vaccine or Therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 |
WO2022039286A1 (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2022-02-24 | Lee Jong Hoon | 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone as an inflammasome competitor of oral vaccine or therapeutics for sars-cov-2 or covid-19 |
-
2021
- 2021-03-30 EP EP21742678.2A patent/EP3911415A4/en active Pending
- 2021-03-30 WO PCT/CA2021/050425 patent/WO2021195765A1/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3911415A4 (en) | 2022-10-12 |
WO2021195765A1 (en) | 2021-10-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Shehabi et al. | Dexmedetomidine infusion for more than 24 hours in critically ill patients: sedative and cardiovascular effects | |
US10307392B2 (en) | Compound and method for treatment of diseases and disorders | |
US20220096465A1 (en) | Use of levocetirizine and montelukast in the treatment of traumatic injury | |
US10022449B2 (en) | Synergistic antiviral composition and use thereof | |
US20200101067A1 (en) | Use of levocetirizine and montelukast in the treatment of anaphylaxis | |
US20240091178A1 (en) | Method of treating a person afflicted with a respiratory condition and pharmaceutical formulation including dapsone | |
RU2685706C2 (en) | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising 15-hepe and methods of treating asthma and lung disorders using same | |
EP3911415A1 (en) | Dapsone formulations and methods of using same | |
MXPA06008240A (en) | Treatment methods. | |
WO2019125330A2 (en) | Nasal decongestant compositions comprising dexpanthenol and sodium hyaluronate | |
AU2021249053A1 (en) | Dapsone formulations and methods of using same | |
Macksey et al. | Anesthetic management in a pediatric patient with Noonan syndrome, mastocytosis, and von Willebrand disease: a case report. | |
US20220168297A1 (en) | Methods and compositions for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pneumonia, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary edema, interstitial lung disease, sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and pulmonary arterial hypertension | |
JP2023525662A (en) | Medicines and nasal sprays containing trehalose or derivatives of trehalose | |
US20220304959A1 (en) | Treatment of long haulers syndrome with niclosamide | |
HUSSAR | New drugs | |
JP2004196738A (en) | Topical pharmaceutical composition as therapeutic drug for inflammatory disease |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20210728 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: DE Ref document number: 40064250 Country of ref document: HK |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R079 Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: A61P0031140000 Ipc: A61K0031160000 |
|
A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 20220909 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: A61P 31/14 20060101ALI20220905BHEP Ipc: A61K 31/7052 20060101ALI20220905BHEP Ipc: A61K 31/65 20060101ALI20220905BHEP Ipc: A61K 31/16 20060101AFI20220905BHEP |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20240305 |