EP3906603A1 - Fonctionnement d'un dispositif dans un système énergétique - Google Patents

Fonctionnement d'un dispositif dans un système énergétique

Info

Publication number
EP3906603A1
EP3906603A1 EP20710427.4A EP20710427A EP3906603A1 EP 3906603 A1 EP3906603 A1 EP 3906603A1 EP 20710427 A EP20710427 A EP 20710427A EP 3906603 A1 EP3906603 A1 EP 3906603A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
data
distributed database
energy
database system
devices
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20710427.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bert Gollnick
Simon SLAPKA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy AS
Original Assignee
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy AS filed Critical Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy AS
Publication of EP3906603A1 publication Critical patent/EP3906603A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/123—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating a device from a plurality of devices in an energy system, in particular for operating electrical devices in an electrical energy supply system.
  • energy-generating devices In energy systems, such as electrical energy supply systems, a plurality of devices are connected to one another, such as energy-generating devices, energy storage devices, energy-transmitting devices, and energy-consuming devices.
  • energy-generating devices In addition to traditional power plants based on fossil fuels or nuclear reactions, energy-generating devices increasingly include power plants based on regenerative or renewable energy sources, for example wind power plants, tidal power plants, hydropower plants, geothermal power plants and solar power plants.
  • the aim is usually that the currently available energy is adapted to the current energy demand at all times.
  • This task becomes increasingly difficult, especially with the inclusion of renewable or regenerative energy sources in the energy system.
  • Energy production based on renewable or regenerative energy sources is subject to major changes and fluctuations, and predicting these changes and fluctuations is complex.
  • the energy consumer side is also becoming increasingly complex, for example due to modern industrial systems that are able to obtain energy more flexibly.
  • new energy storage options are emerging, for example central storage capacities in, for example, electric vehicles and buffer batteries.
  • Imbalances in the energy system can result in higher costs for stabilization mechanisms such as energy restrictions, energy redistributions and involuntary load shedding.
  • this relates, for example, to flexible energy generation, operation of the energy system, economic considerations, load management, energy storage, energy conversion (for example electrical energy into gas) and management of the energy transmission network.
  • Energy systems are usually managed taking into account a complex set of rules, processes and market roles. Although the system design is heavily regulated and therefore, for example, country-specific, a common concept for all established (free) markets usually contains aspects of trading and portfolio management, accounting and processing, and network operation.
  • Trading and portfolio management include, for example, central trading exchanges for energy trading, certain products (e.g. peak loads, base loads), termination mechanisms, portfolio management by central supply companies, standard load profiles, reporting obligations and information flows to central market participants (e.g. transmission system operator (TSO)) and independent system operators (ISO)). Balancing and processing concerns, for example, centrally managed schedules, central billing and balancing, central storage of measurement data and the consideration of balancing energy, which is billed by central market participants.
  • TSO transmission system operator
  • ISO independent system operators
  • the network operation concerns a central network control both at the level of a transmission system operator (TSO) and at the level of a distribution system operator (DSO), a central control of the assets and a central reserve energy management. All of this can lead to relatively high system costs.
  • TSO transmission system operator
  • DSO distribution system operator
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to improve the operation of an energy system, in particular to simplify the administrative tasks described above and to use the energy system more efficiently.
  • this object is achieved by a method for operating a device from a plurality of devices in an energy system, a device in an energy system, a computer program product and an electronically readable data carrier according to the independent claims.
  • the dependent claims define embodiments of the invention.
  • Distributed Ledgers is currently an intensely discussed technology that can be implemented in particular as a distributed database system.
  • applications for decentralized payment systems e.g. Bitcoin
  • new application options are being developed in the financial industry.
  • transactions between companies can be carried out in a manipulation-protected manner without an intermediary or clearing house.
  • a transaction record (or transaction for short) protected by a blockchain includes e.g. B. program code, which can also be referred to as a so-called "smart contract”.
  • the terms “perform”, “calculate”, “computer-aided”, “calculate”, “determine”, “generate”, “configure”, “reconstruct”, “Control”, “instruct” and the like preferably refer to actions and / or Processes and / or processing steps that change and / or generate data and / or convert the data into other data, the data in particular being or being able to be represented as physical variables, for example as electrical pulses.
  • the term “computer” or “device” should be interpreted as broadly as possible, in particular to cover all electronic devices with data processing properties. Computers can thus be used for example personal computers, servers, programmable controllers (PLC), handheld computer systems, pocket PC devices, mobile radio devices and other communication devices that can process data using computers, processors, control devices and other electronic devices for data processing be work.
  • PLC programmable controllers
  • “computer-aided” can mean, for example, an implementation of the method in which a processor in particular carries out at least one method step of the method.
  • a processor can be understood to mean, for example, a machine or an electronic circuit.
  • a processor can in particular be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor or a microcontroller, for example an application-specific integrated circuit or a digital signal processor, possibly in combination with a memory unit for storing program commands, act etc.
  • a processor can also be, for example, an IC (integrated circuit), in particular an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit), or a DSP (digital signal
  • a processor can also be understood to be a virtualized processor, a virtual machine or a soft CPU. It can, for example, also be a programmable processor that is equipped with configuration steps for executing the aforementioned method according to the invention or is configured with configuration steps in such a way that the programmable processor according to the invention the features of the method, the component, the modules, or other aspects and / or implemented partial aspects of the invention.
  • a “memory unit” or “memory module” and the like can be understood in connection with the invention, for example, a volatile memory in the form of random access memory (RAM) or a permanent memory such as a hard disk or a data carrier.
  • RAM random access memory
  • permanent memory such as a hard disk or a data carrier.
  • a “module” or a “computing unit” can be understood to mean, for example, a processor and / or a memory unit for storing program instructions.
  • the processor is specially set up to execute the program commands in such a way that the processor executes functions in order to implement or realize the method according to the invention or a step of the method according to the invention.
  • a module can, for example, also be a node of the distributed database system which, for example, implements the specific functions / features of a corresponding module.
  • the respective modules can for example also be designed as separate or independent modules.
  • the corresponding modules can include further elements, for example. These elements are, for example, one or more interfaces (e.g.
  • database interfaces communication interfaces - e.g. network interface, WLAN interface, interfaces to sensors for measuring data acquisition
  • an evaluation unit e.g. a processor
  • storage unit data can be stored, retrieved or made available, for example with the aid of a computer and / or automated.
  • “include”, in particular with regard to data and / or information, can mean, for example, (computer-aided) storage of a corresponding piece of information or a corresponding date in a data structure / data record (e.g. a storage unit is stored).
  • a second date is assigned to a first date by means of a memory address or a unique identifier (UID), in which z. B. the first date together with the memory address or the unique identifier of the second date is stored together in a data set.
  • UID unique identifier
  • Provision in particular with regard to data and / or information, can be understood in connection with the invention, for example, as computer-aided provision.
  • the provision takes place, for example, via an interface (e.g. a database interface, a network interface, an interface to a storage unit).
  • an interface e.g. a database interface, a network interface, an interface to a storage unit.
  • Corresponding data and / or information can be transmitted and / or sent and / or retrieved and / or received via this interface, for example when providing.
  • “providing” can also be understood to mean, for example, loading or saving, for example a transaction with corresponding data. This can be done, for example, on or from a storage module. “Providing” can also be understood, for example, as transferring (or sending or transmitting) corresponding data from one node to another node in the block chain or the distributed database system (or its infrastructure).
  • concise contract process can be understood to mean, in particular, the execution of a program code (for example the control commands) in a process by the distributed database system or its infrastructure.
  • a "checksum”, for example a data block checksum, a data checksum, a node checksum, a transaction checksum, a concatenation checksum or the like, can be understood in connection with the invention as, for example, a cryptographic checksum or cryptographic hash or hash value, which is in particular using a cryptographic Hash function over a data record and / or data and / or one or more of the transactions and / or a sub-area of a data block (e.g. the block header of a block of a block chain or data block header of a data block of the distributed database system or only part of the Transactions of a data block) can be formed or calculated.
  • a cryptographic checksum or cryptographic hash or hash value which is in particular using a cryptographic Hash function over a data record and / or data and / or one or more of the transactions and / or a sub-area of a data block (e.g. the block header of a block of a block chain or data block header
  • a checksum can in particular be a checksum (s) or hash value (s) of a hash tree (e.g. Merkle tree, Patricia tree). Furthermore, this can in particular also be understood as a digital signature or a cryptographic message authentication code.
  • Protection / manipulation protection for the transactions and the data (records) stored in them are implemented. If, for example, a high level of security is required, the checksums, for example, are generated and checked at the transaction level. If a less high level of security is required, for example the checksums are generated and checked at block level (e.g. over the entire data block or only over part of the data block and / or part of the transactions).
  • a “data block checksum” can be understood to mean a checksum which is calculated, for example, over part or all of the transactions of a data block. A node can then, for example, check the integrity / authenticity of the corresponding part of a data block using the data block checksum
  • the data block checksum can in particular also have been formed via transactions of a preceding data block / preceding data block of the data block.
  • the data block checksum can in particular also be implemented using a hash tree, for example a Merkle tree [1] or a Patricia tree, the data block checksum in particular being the root checksum of the Merkle tree or a Patricia tree or . of a binary hash tree.
  • transactions are secured by means of further checksums from the Merkle tree or Patricia tree (e.g. using the transaction checksums), the further checksums in particular being leaves in the Merkle tree or Patricia tree.
  • the data block checksum can thus secure the transactions, for example, by forming the root checksum from the other checksums.
  • the data block checksum can in particular be calculated for transactions of a specific data block of the data blocks.
  • a data block checksum can be included in a subsequent data block of the specific data block in order to concatenate this subsequent data block, for example, with its previous data blocks and in particular to make the integrity of the distributed database system testable.
  • the data block checksum can, for example, take on the function of the chaining checksum or can be included in the chaining checksum.
  • the header of a data block (e.g. of a new data block or of the data block for which the data block checksum was formed) can comprise the data block checksum, for example.
  • transaction checksum can be understood to mean a checksum that is formed in particular via a transaction of a data block.
  • a calculation of a data block checksum for a corresponding data block can be accelerated, since for this purpose, for example, transaction checksums already calculated as sheets z. B. a Merkle tree can be used.
  • a “chaining checksum” can be understood to mean a checksum that specifies or references a particular data block of the distributed database system to the previous data block of the distributed database system (in the specialist literature, in particular, often as "previous block hash") designated) [1].
  • a corresponding concatenation checksum is formed in particular for the corresponding preceding data block.
  • a transaction checksum or the data block checksum of a data block i.e. an existing data block of the distributed database system
  • the concatenation checksum in order to concatenate a new data block with an (existing) data block of the distributed database system.
  • a checksum can be formed over a header of the preceding data block or over the entire preceding data block and used as a concatenation checksum. This can also be calculated, for example, for several or all of the previous data blocks. For example, it is also possible to use the header of a data block and the data block checksum to form the chaining checksum.
  • a respective data block of the distributed database system preferably comprises a chaining checksum which was calculated for a preceding data block, in particular the immediately preceding data block, of the respective data block or which relate to it. It is also possible, for example, that a corresponding concatenation checksum also only covers part of the corresponding data block (e.g. previous data ten block) is formed.
  • a data block can be implemented which comprises an integrity-protected part and an unprotected part.
  • a data block could thus be implemented, for example, whose integrity-protected part cannot be changed and whose unprotected part can also be changed later.
  • integrity-protected is to be understood in particular to mean that a change in integrity-protected data can be determined by means of a checksum.
  • the data that are stored, for example, in a data block transaction, can in particular be provided in different ways.
  • the data e.g. B.
  • User data such as measurement data or Da
  • a transaction of a data block can only contain the checksum for this data.
  • the corresponding checksum can be implemented in different ways. This can e.g. B. be a corresponding data block checksum of a data block (with the corresponding data) of another database or the distributed database system, a transaction checksum of a data block with the corresponding data (of the distributed database system or another database) or a data checksum that covers the data was formed.
  • the corresponding transaction can contain a reference or information on a storage location (e.g. an address of a file server and information on where the corresponding data can be found on the file server; or an address of another distributed database that contains the data includes) include.
  • the corresponding data could then, for example, also be provided in a further transaction of a further data block of the distributed database system (e.g. if the corresponding data and the associated checksums are included in different data blocks).
  • this data is transmitted via a different communication channel (e.g. via a different database and / or a cryptographically secured communication channel) are provided.
  • an additional data record (for example a reference or an indication of a storage location) can also be stored in the corresponding transaction, which in particular indicates a storage location where the data can be retrieved. This is particularly advantageous to keep a data size of the block chain or the distributed database system as small as possible.
  • security-protected or “data security” can be understood to mean, for example, protection that is implemented in particular by a cryptographic method. For example, this can be realized by using the distributed database system for the provision or transmission or sending of corresponding data / transactions. This is preferably achieved by a combination of the various (cryptographic) checksums, in that they work together in particular synergistically in order, for example, to improve the security or the cryptographic security for the data of the transactions.
  • “security-protected” in connection with the invention can also be understood to mean “cryptographically protected” and / or “manipulation-protected”, with “manipulations-protected” also being referred to as “integrity-protected”.
  • “Chaining the data blocks of a distributed database system” can be understood in connection with the invention, for example, that data blocks each contain information (e.g. chaining checksum) that refer to another data block or several other data blocks of the distributed database system or these reference [1] [4] [5].
  • “Insertion into the distributed database system” or “Storing data in the distributed database” and the like can be understood in connection with the invention, for example, that in particular a transaction or the transactions or a data block with its transactions is transferred to one or more several nodes of a distributed database system is transmitted. For example, if these transactions are successfully validated (e.g.
  • this validation and / or chaining can be done by a trustworthy node (e.g. a mining node, a blockchain oracle or a blockchain platform).
  • a block chain as a service can be understood under a block chain platform, as proposed in particular by Microsoft or IBM.
  • a trustworthy node and / or a node can each store a node checksum (e.g. a digital signature) in a data block (e.g.
  • This node checksum indicates which node, for example, has chained the corresponding data block with at least one other data block of the distributed database system.
  • Transaction can be understood in connection with the invention, for example, a smart contract [4] [5], a data structure or a transaction data record, which in particular comprises one of the transactions or several transactions.
  • transaction or “transactions” can also be understood to mean, for example, the data of a transaction of a data block of a blockchain.
  • a transaction can in particular comprise a program code which, for example, implements a smart contract.
  • a transaction can also be understood to mean a tax transaction and / or confirmation transaction.
  • a transaction can be, for example, a data structure that stores data (e.g. the control commands and / or contract data and / or other data such as video data, user data, measurement data, etc.).
  • Direct storage can be understood to mean, for example, that the corresponding data block (of the distributed database system) or the corresponding transaction of the distributed database system) includes the respective data.
  • Indirect storage can, for example, be understood to mean that the corresponding data block or the corresponding transaction includes a checksum and optionally an additional data record (e.g. a reference or an indication of a storage location) for corresponding data and thus the corresponding data are not stored directly in the data block (or the transaction) (ie instead only a checksum for this data).
  • these checksums can be validated, for example, as is explained, for example, under "Insertion into the distributed database system".
  • a “program code” (for example a smart contract) can be understood to mean, for example, a program command or a plurality of program commands which are in particular stored in one or more transactions.
  • the program code can in particular be executed and is carried out, for example, by the distributed database system.
  • This can be implemented, for example, using an execution environment (e.g. a virtual machine), the execution environment or the program code preferably being Turing-complete.
  • the program code is preferably executed through the infrastructure of the distributed database system [4] [5].
  • a virtual machine is implemented through the infrastructure of the distributed database system.
  • a “smart contract” can be understood in connection with the invention, for example, as an executable program code [4] [5] (see in particular the definition of “program code”).
  • the smart contract is preferably stored in a transaction of a distributed database system (e.g. a block chain), for example in a data block of the distributed database system.
  • a distributed database system e.g. a block chain
  • the Smart contract can be understood in connection with the invention, for example, as an executable program code [4] [5] (see in particular the definition of “program code”).
  • the smart contract is preferably stored in a transaction of a distributed database system (e.g. a block chain), for example in a data block of the distributed database system.
  • a distributed database system e.g. a block chain
  • proof-of-work can be understood to mean, for example, solving a computationally intensive task that is to be solved in particular depending on the data block content / content of a specific transaction [1] [4] [5 ].
  • a computationally intensive task is also referred to as a cryptographic puzzle, for example.
  • a distributed database system which can also be referred to as a distributed database, for example, in connection with the invention, a decentralized distributed database, a blockchain, a distributed ledger, a distributed storage system, a distributed ledger technology (DLT) based system (DLTS), an audit-proof database system, a cloud, a cloud service, a block chain in a cloud or a peer-to-peer database.
  • DLT distributed ledger technology
  • DLTS distributed ledger technology
  • an audit-proof database system a cloud, a cloud service, a block chain in a cloud or a peer-to-peer database.
  • a block chain or a DLTS can also be used, such as B. a block chain or a DLTS, which by means of a Directed Acylic Graph (DAG), a cryptographic puzzle, a hash graph or a combination tion from the mentioned implementation variants [6] [7].
  • DAG Directed Acylic Graph
  • cryptographic puzzle a has
  • a “distributed database system” can also be understood, for example, as a distributed database system of which at least some of its nodes and / or devices and / or infrastructure are implemented by a cloud.
  • the corresponding components are implemented as nodes / devices in the cloud (e.g. as a virtual node in a virtual machine). This can be done, for example, using VM-Ware, Amazon Web Services or Microsoft Azure. Due to the high flexibility of the explained Im plement istslinen, in particular partial aspects of the implementation variants mentioned can be combined with each other by z.
  • a hash graph is used as a block chain ver, the block chain itself z. B. can also be blockless.
  • DAG Directed Acylic Graph
  • IOTA Directed Acylic Graph
  • transactions or blocks or nodes of the graph are connected to one another via directed edges.
  • Acyclic means in particular that there are no loops when running through the graph.
  • the distributed database system can, for example, be a public distributed database system (e.g. a public block chain) or a closed (or private) distributed database system (e.g. a private block chain).
  • the operators of the nodes and / or devices can remain anonymous in such a case.
  • new nodes and / or devices require, for example, a valid credential and / or valid authentication information and / or valid credentials and / or valid login information to access the distributed Can join the database system or be accepted by it.
  • a distributed database system can also be, for example, a distributed communication system for exchanging data. This can be a network or a peer-2-peer network, for example.
  • a data block of a distributed database system (e.g. a block chain or a peer to peer database), which is implemented in particular as a data structure and preferably comprises one or more of the transactions.
  • the database or the database system
  • DLTS DLT-based system
  • a data block can contain information on the size (data size in bytes) of the data block, a data block header, a transaction counter and one or more
  • the data block header can include, for example, a version, a chaining checksum, a data block checksum, a time stamp, proof-of-work evidence and a nonce (one-time value, random value or counter that is used for proof-of-work evidence) [1] [4] [5].
  • a data block can, for example, only be a specific memory area or address area of the total data that are stored in the distributed database system.
  • blockless distributed database systems such as B. realize the IoT Chain (ITC), IOTA, and Byteball.
  • ITC IoT Chain
  • IOTA IOTA
  • Byteball Byteball
  • a data block can, for example, also comprise one or more transactions, in the simplest case, for example, a data block corresponding to a transaction.
  • nonce can be understood, for example, as a cryptographic nonce (abbreviation for: “used only once” [2] or “number used once” [3]).
  • a nonce denotes individual numbers or a combination of letters that are preferably used once in the respective context (e.g. transaction, data transmission).
  • "Previous data blocks of a (specific) data block of the distributed database system” can be understood in connection with the invention, for example, as the data block of the distributed database system which in particular directly precedes a (specific) data block.
  • previous data blocks of a (specific) data block of the distributed database system can also be understood to mean, in particular, all data blocks of the distributed database system that precede the specific data block. In this way, for example, the chaining checksum or the transaction checksum, in particular, can only be formed over the data block (or their transactions) directly preceding the particular data block or over all data blocks (or their transactions) preceding the first data block.
  • a “block chain node”, “node”, “node of a distributed database system” and the like can be understood in connection with the invention, for example, devices (z. B. field devices, mobile phones), computers, smart phones, clients or participants perform the operations (with) the distributed database system (e.g. a block chain) [1] [4] [5].
  • Such nodes can, for example, carry out transactions of a distributed database system or their data blocks or insert or chain new data blocks with new transactions in the distributed database system by means of new data blocks.
  • this validation and / or chaining can be carried out by a trustworthy node (e.g. a mining node) or exclusively by trustworthy nodes.
  • a trustworthy node is, for example, a node that has additional security measures (e.g.
  • a trustworthy node can, for example, when chaining a new data block with the distributed database system, a node checksum (e.g. a digital signal tur or a certificate) in the new data block. In this way, in particular, evidence can be provided which indicates that the corresponding data block was inserted by a certain node or indicates its origin.
  • the devices e.g.
  • the corresponding device are, for example, devices of a technical system and / or industrial plant and / or an automation network and / or a production plant and / or an energy transmission system and / or an energy generation system and / or or an energy storage system and / or an energy consumer, which in particular are also a node of the distributed database system.
  • the devices can be, for example, field devices or devices in the Internet of Things (IoT), which in particular are also a node of the distributed database system.
  • Nodes can for example also comprise at least one processor in order to e.g. B. perform their compu terimplementiere functionality.
  • a "block chain oracle” and the like can be understood in connection with the invention, for example, nodes, devices or computers which, for. B. have a security module that has software protection mechanisms (e.g. cryptographic processes), mechanical protective devices (e.g. a lockable housing) or electrical protective devices (e.g. tamper protection or a protection system) which includes the data of the security module in the event of unauthorized use / treatment of the block chain oracle).
  • the security module can include, for example, cryptographic keys that are necessary for calculating the checksums (e.g. transaction checksums or node checksums).
  • a “computer”, a “device” or a “device” can mean, for example, a computer (system), a client, a smart phone, a device or a server, each of which is arranged outside the block chain or . are not a participant of the distributed database system (e.g. the block chain) (i.e. no operations with the shared database system or only query it without carrying out transactions, inserting data blocks or calculating proof-of-work evidence).
  • a computer can also be understood to mean a node of the distributed database system.
  • a device can in particular be understood to be a node of the distributed database system or also a device outside the block chain or the distributed database system.
  • a device outside the distributed database system can, for example, access the data (e.g. transactions or control transactions) of the distributed database system and / or be controlled by nodes (e.g. using smart contracts and / or blockchain oracles). If, for example, an activation or control of a device (e.g. a device designed as a node or a device outside the distributed database system) is implemented by a node, B. be done by means of a smart contract, which is stored in particular in a transaction of the distributed database system.
  • a smart contract which is stored in particular in a transaction of the distributed database system.
  • a method for operating a device in an energy system is provided.
  • the device is one of a plurality of devices in the power system.
  • the energy system can be an energy distribution network, for example a public energy distribution network or a micro-network.
  • the devices can be nodes of the energy system.
  • the devices can be, for example, energy generation devices, energy distribution devices, energy storage devices or energy consumption devices.
  • Smart contracts are provided for the multitude of devices in a distributed database system associated with the energy system.
  • the distributed database system can be implemented using a data network to which the devices can be connected. For example, a corresponding smart contract can be provided for each device.
  • the smart contracts contain device-specific information for the corresponding device.
  • the procedure is at least at least one current operating variable of the device is recorded and as a function of the at least one current operation
  • Operation size and information of the smart contract of the device and information of the smart contract from at least one further device of the plurality of devices set an operating state of the device. Furthermore, the operating status of the device is entered into the distributed database system.
  • the operating state can be entered into the distributed database system according to a regulation defined in the smart contract of the device.
  • the at least one current operating variable can be entered into the distributed database system in accordance with a regulation defined in the smart contract of the device
  • the distributed database system can be a blockchain-based database, for example.
  • Each block of the blockchain contains, for example, a cryptographically secure hash value of the previous block, which is to be seen as the chaining checksum.
  • a chaining checksum links various data blocks that are stored in the distributed database in such a way that it is (almost) impossible to change just one of these data blocks without this being noticeable on the basis of the chaining checksum.
  • changes in the device's smart contract can be logged in an unchangeable manner in the distributed database system.
  • the device-specific information of a device can be made accessible to other devices without the risk of this device-specific information being falsified and thus the other devices working on the basis of unreliable information.
  • all changes in the operating behavior of the devices can be traced, so that, for example, error states in the energy system are easier to understand.
  • a cryptographic currency for example, can be used in connection with the distributed database system to transfer from to remunerate services rendered by a device or to pay for services obtained from a device.
  • the device-specific information of a respective smart contract defines a regulatory requirement for the corresponding device.
  • Regulatory requirements can be specified by so-called “regulators”, for example by an energy system authority, e.g. a regional or national authority, or an energy network operator or an association of energy network operators. Regulatory requirements can vary from region to region.
  • Contracts can make the regulatory requirements accessible to the devices in a simple manner and changes in the regulatory requirements can be distributed to the devices quickly and reliably.
  • the regulatory requirements can relate to one or more of the following properties of the respective device:
  • - interfaces of the device e.g. Diagnostic interfaces and control interfaces
  • a request for a message from the device for example a message format or a message frequency;
  • the device-specific information of a respective smart contract defines physical properties and / or sizes of the corresponding device. In this way, for example, current measured variables and operating states of the device can be made available to other devices.
  • the device-specific information can relate to one or more properties of the corresponding device, for example:
  • the device-specific information of a respective smart contract defines operator-specific requirements of an operator of the corresponding device.
  • an operator of a device can provide his conditions for the operation of his device to the other devices in a simple manner.
  • the operator-specific requirements can relate to one or more of the following properties:
  • the device can, for example, be a conventional one
  • Power plant a wind power plant, a photovoltaic plant, a tidal power plant, an electrical energy storage device, and / or comprise an electric vehicle with an electrical energy store.
  • devices in the energy system can include, for example, energy distribution systems and energy transmission systems, such as high-voltage lines.
  • the devices can include industrial or private energy consumers, in particular so-called smart devices.
  • a device in an energy system.
  • the device is one of a plurality of devices in the power system.
  • Smart contracts are provided for the plurality of devices in a distributed database system associated with the energy system. For example, a smart contract is provided for each device.
  • Contracts contain device-specific information for the corresponding devices.
  • the device comprises a connection to a data network in order to input data into the distributed database system and to retrieve data from the distributed database system, and a processing device.
  • the processing device is designed to detect at least one current operating variable of the device and an operating state of the device depending on the at least one current operating variable and information from the smart contract of the device and information from the smart contract from at least one further device of the multitude of devices adjust.
  • the processing device is also designed to input the operating state of the device into the distributed database system.
  • a computer program product in particular software that is stored in a memory of a programmable processing processing device or a computing unit, which can be connected to a data network, can load.
  • the computer program product may need program resources, for example libraries and auxiliary functions, in order to implement the corresponding embodiments of the method.
  • the claim directed to the computer program product is intended to protect software in particular with which one of the above-described execution forms can be executed or which executes this execution form.
  • the software can be a source code (e.g.
  • an electronically readable data carrier e.g. a DVD, a magnetic tape, a hard drive or a USB stick, on which electronically readable control information, in particular software (see. Above), is stored.
  • control information software
  • this control information is read from the data carrier and stored in a processing device or arithmetic unit which can be connected to a data network, all embodiments of the method described above can be carried out.
  • a blockchain is shown schematically in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • a device according to one embodiment of the invention is shown schematically, which is connected to a data network.
  • Fig. 3 a sequence diagram of a method according to an embodiment of the invention is shown schematically.
  • An exemplary blockchain 300 is shown schematically in FIG. 1.
  • the blockchain 300 comprises several data blocks 301-303 which are linked in the form of a chain or sequence of data blocks 301-303.
  • Each data block 301-303 has a concatenation checksum 311-313 which, for example, represents a hash value.
  • the checksum 311-313 is dependent on the previous data block within the
  • the checksum 312 of the data block 302 is formed as a function of the data block 301, which is represented by the corresponding arrow in FIG.
  • the checksum 312 or 313 of the data block 302 or 303 can be, for example, a hash value which is calculated on the basis of the data stored in the respective preceding data block 301 or 302.
  • an (unauthorized) modification of the data block 301 or 302 can be detected in that the data block 301 or 302 is compared with the checksum 312 or 313.
  • Transactions 320 can be stored in each data block 301-303.
  • Each transaction 320 can contain corresponding data or refer to corresponding data by storing a corresponding reference or corresponding additional information or a corresponding checksum etc.
  • the data stored in the data blocks 301-303 can include, for example, version information of software or data packets stored in a data network.
  • the blockchain 300 protects against unauthorized modification of the version information within the data network protected by the blockchain 300.
  • the data stored in the data blocks 301-303 can contain smart contracts.
  • an energy system 200 which comprises a multiplicity of devices 201-203 which are connected to one another via an energy transmission network 260. Only three devices 201-203 are shown in FIG. 2, but the energy system 200 can comprise considerably more devices, for example a few tens, a few hundred or even a few thousand.
  • Each of the devices 201-203 comprises a processing device 211-213, for example a CPU, an associated memory unit 221-223 and an associated connection 231-213 for connecting the processing device 211-213 to a data network 270.
  • the energy system 200 is a distributed database system 250 assigned, which is implemented via the processing device 211-213 and the networking of the processing device 211-213 via the data network 270.
  • the processing device 211-213 can input data into the distributed database system 250 via the connection 231-233 to the data network 270 and can retrieve data from the distributed database system 250.
  • Each of the devices 201-203 further comprises at least one power engineering device 241-243, which is connected to the power transmission network 260.
  • the energy-related device 241-243 can, for example, be a wind power plant, a solar power plant, an electrical energy storage device, such as a buffer battery, a charging station for a Electric vehicle, an electric vehicle itself, an electrical consumer in an industrial company or in a private household, a conventional power plant (e.g. coal-fired power plants, gas-fired power plant or nuclear power plant) or a distribution system of an energy distribution network, for example a substation.
  • the power engineering device 241-243 can be monitored and adjusted by the processing device 211-213.
  • the energy technology device 241-243 can include sensors which supply current operating data of the energy technology device 241-243 to the processing device 211-213.
  • the power engineering device 241-243 can include actuators and configuration inputs, which are controlled with control signals from the processing device 211-213.
  • a corresponding smart contract is provided for each device 201-203 in the distributed database system 250.
  • the smart contract includes device-specific information for the corresponding device 201-203.
  • the smart contracts can be computer logs that map or check contracts or procedures or technically support the negotiation or execution of a contract or procedure.
  • the implemented methods can include, for example, an optimization of an operating state of the assigned device 201-203.
  • the method 400 shown in FIG. 3 and described below is carried out on one or more of the processing devices 211-213.
  • the method will be described using the device 201 as an example.
  • the method can, however, be carried out simultaneously or staggered in time in any other device, for example in devices 202 or 203.
  • the method steps described in blocks 401-403 can be carried out continuously or repeatedly in time steps.
  • at least one current operating variable of the device 201 is recorded.
  • the current operating variable can include, for example, a currently available electrical power or a currently available storage capacity of the device 201.
  • an operating state of the device 201 is set.
  • the operating state is set as a function of the at least one current operating variable.
  • the operating state is set as a function of information from the smart contract of the device 201 and additionally as a function of information from the smart contract from at least one further device of the energy system 200.
  • the at least one further device can be device 202 and / or device 203, for example.
  • the setting of the operating state of the device 201 can take place, for example, from the point of view of optimizing the current operation of the device 201 or an overall optimization of a plurality of devices 201-203.
  • the now valid operating state of the device is entered in the distributed database system 250, for example in a block of a blockchain.
  • a way in which the now valid operating state is entered into the distributed database system can be defined in the smart contract of the device.
  • the at least one current operating variable can also be entered into the distributed database system 250, for example in accordance with a regulation that is defined in the smart contract of the device.
  • the method is based on the decentralized database system 250, in particular a decentralized blockchain system, for energy management and system optimization.
  • the basic features are that all participating devices in the system, hereinafter also referred to as participants, are connected to a blockchain-based network.
  • Participants are connected to a blockchain-based network.
  • Everyone Participant holds one or more smart contracts that govern the behavior of the participant and its associated electrical system within the system
  • a cryptocurrency can be used as a payment system within the system.
  • a public and a private network, in particular a data communication network are suitable as the data network.
  • a central management and / or control unit in the system can thus be replaced by a decentralized controller.
  • the decentralized control is guaranteed by the blockchain network.
  • the control and management mechanisms are reflected in the specific rules of the smart contracts for each participant in the system.
  • the system can thus autonomously find an operating optimum for each magazine.
  • a consensus decision is a group decision. There are different goals of a consensus procedure, such as: - Finding an agreement: a consensus mechanism should result in the group gaining as much agreement as possible;
  • the consensus mechanism should be such that every participant should actively participate in the overall process.
  • Attacking armies can only win if all generals coordinate their forces.
  • Message carriers are needed for the generals to coordinate with one another.
  • the messages can, however, be intercepted, changed or destroyed.
  • a smart contract for a device in an energy system does not include, for example, three different sections.
  • a first section relates, for example, to regulatory requirements of, for example, an energy system authority or energy network operator for the respective device.
  • the energy system authority can be, for example, a national government agency or a national or regional association of energy suppliers.
  • the first section specifies regulations and requirements for the energy system.
  • the regulations and requirements can serve to set the possibly conflicting parameters of environmental compatibility, energy security and energy fairness in the desired or desired proportions.
  • Energy justice can include, for example, energy affordability and energy accessibility.
  • the energy security can relate, for example, to the reliability of the energy system, for example with regard to availability, downtime and redundancies.
  • the regulatory requirements can therefore reflect the strategic goals of a country or region and therefore override other categories, for example to ensure a secure energy supply.
  • the regulatory requirements can also include, for example, technical specifications, such as a network frequency or permissible voltage ranges, requirements for messages and messages from the device, interfaces of the device and their behavior, and requirements for services to be provided by the device.
  • technical specifications such as a network frequency or permissible voltage ranges, requirements for messages and messages from the device, interfaces of the device and their behavior, and requirements for services to be provided by the device.
  • a second section concerns, for example, physical and technical properties and sizes of the device. These properties and variables can, for example, be specified by the manufacturer of the device and / or represent variables derived by the device from a current operating state. This can relate, for example, to a power curve, a prediction for an energy supply, a maintenance plan, a charge capacity, a charge status, a charge cycle number, a charge speed and / or a maximum power output.
  • the type of wind power generator can be defined, e.g. a double fed asynchronous machine (English: Double fed induction machine, DFIG), mag DD (direct drive), elec DD, up & down wind, multirotor, vertical and horizontal systems, helix, airborne systems with in-air or On-ground generation (kite systems).
  • DFIG Double fed induction machine
  • mag DD direct drive
  • elec DD up & down wind
  • multirotor vertical and horizontal systems
  • helix airborne systems with in-air or On-ground generation
  • the type or design of the solar cells for example silicon, perovskite, CIGS, CdTe, organic or multi-junction solar cells, or the type be defined by solar thermal systems, for example paraboir, Fresnel, tower, Stirling system.
  • inverter systems can be defined to support solar power systems.
  • the type can be defined, e.g. Tidal power plant, wave power plant or river power plant.
  • characteristics of a biomass power plant can be defined.
  • Hydro systems pump storage, river flow;
  • kinetic e.g. flywheel
  • potential e.g. air pressure
  • capacitors capacitors, superconductors of magnetic storage.
  • a third section relates, for example, to operator-specific information.
  • An operator of the device can for example be a customer of the energy system, an owner or owner of the device or an operator of the device.
  • Each operator can define individual rules for the behavior of the device based on individual preferences. These can, for example, be requirements or variables which an operator of the device specifies, for example to ensure reliable and economical operation of the device.
  • Thieves- Driver-specific information includes, for example, an energy price, which can also be time-dependent, a user profile, trading behavior, availability of the device over time and / or an amount of energy available for trading.
  • the first exemplary electrical system relates to a turbine of a wind turbine.
  • the regulatory requirements for the wind power plant stored in the smart contract can include, for example, technical requirements, such as a grid voltage, a grid frequency and auxiliary services.
  • the regulatory requirements for the turbine of the wind power plant can include requirements for interfaces, for example requirements for control and monitoring of the device (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, SCADA), as well as power setpoints.
  • the regulatory requirements can include requirements for a production data report.
  • the technical properties and sizes of the turbine of the wind power plant stored in the smart contract can include, for example, power curves, generation variability, an energy supply forecast and maintenance plans.
  • operating power ranges e.g. nominal power in kW
  • reactive power ranges e.g., nominal power in kW
  • frequency ranges e.g., nominal power in kW
  • reactive power ranges e.g., frequency ranges, voltage ranges, frequency change rate, voltage asymmetries, frequency control, active power control, rotation reserve, reactive power control, reactive power change rates, voltage control, power peaks, inertia reaction, synthetic inertia reaction, reserve active / reactive power, unregulated operating mode, start behavior after a power failure, isolated operation and resynchronization
  • Operating status information for example: turbine status (e.g. available, stopped, in maintenance), current wind speed, current electrical power, current reactive power, current frequency, current voltage and state of charge;
  • Predicted operating characteristics for example: predicted operating details for future periods (e.g. next 10min, next hour, etc.) and predicted downtimes (e.g. due to scheduled maintenance).
  • the operator-specific information for the turbine of the wind power plant stored in the smart contract can include, for example, energy prices, trading behavior and availability over time.
  • the second exemplary electrical system relates to an electric vehicle which is coupled to the energy system via a charging station, for example.
  • the regulatory requirements for the electric vehicle stored in the smart contract can include, for example, technical requirements, such as a network voltage, a network frequency and auxiliary services.
  • the regulatory requirements can include requirements for interfaces, for example requirements for a control and monitoring of the device (English: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, SCADA), as well as power setpoints.
  • SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
  • the regulatory requirements can include requirements for a production data report.
  • the technical properties and variables of the electric vehicle stored in the smart contract can include, for example, a charging capacity, charging cycles, a time profile of a charging current, a time profile of a discharge current and a charging status of a drive battery of the electric vehicle Vehicle include.
  • the operator-specific information stored in the smart contract can include, for example, a tradable amount of the electrical energy available in the drive battery, a price sensitivity and usage profiles.
  • the third exemplary electrical system relates to an electrical energy storage device.
  • the regulatory requirements for the electrical energy storage device stored in the smart contract can include, for example, technical requirements such as a network voltage, a network frequency and auxiliary services and network support services.
  • the regulatory requirements can include requirements for interfaces, for example requirements for control and monitoring of the device (English: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, SCADA), and power setpoints.
  • the regulatory requirements can include requirements for a production data report.
  • the technical properties and sizes of the electrical energy storage device stored in the smart contract can include, for example, a charge capacity, charging cycles, a charging current over time, a charging status, characteristics, maximum input and output power, charge predictions, electrical losses and operating limit values (maximum and minimum State of charge).
  • the operator-specific information stored in the smart contract can include, for example, price sensitivity and usage profiles.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour faire fonctionner un dispositif d'une pluralité de dispositifs (201-203) dans un système énergétique (200). Dans un système de base de données distribuées (250) associé au système énergétique (200), des contrats intelligents sont prévus pour ladite pluralité de dispositifs (201-203). Les contrats intelligents contiennent des informations spécifiques au dispositif pour les dispositifs correspondants. Le procédé (400) comprend la détection (401) d'au moins une variable de fonctionnement actuelle du dispositif et le réglage (402) d'un état de fonctionnement du dispositif en fonction de l'au moins une variable de fonctionnement actuelle et des informations des contrats intelligents du dispositif et des informations du contrat intelligent d'au moins un autre dispositif de la pluralité de dispositifs (201-203). Le procédé (400) comprend en outre la saisie (403) de l'état de fonctionnement du dispositif dans le système de base de données distribué.
EP20710427.4A 2019-02-25 2020-02-21 Fonctionnement d'un dispositif dans un système énergétique Pending EP3906603A1 (fr)

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EP19159008.2A EP3700055A1 (fr) 2019-02-25 2019-02-25 Fonctionnement d'un dispositif dans un système d'énergie au moyen de contrats intelligents
PCT/EP2020/054585 WO2020173820A1 (fr) 2019-02-25 2020-02-21 Fonctionnement d'un dispositif dans un système énergétique

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