EP3903395A1 - Energy system, local energy market and method for operating an energy system - Google Patents

Energy system, local energy market and method for operating an energy system

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Publication number
EP3903395A1
EP3903395A1 EP20704403.3A EP20704403A EP3903395A1 EP 3903395 A1 EP3903395 A1 EP 3903395A1 EP 20704403 A EP20704403 A EP 20704403A EP 3903395 A1 EP3903395 A1 EP 3903395A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energy
control unit
optimization
subsystem
storage capacity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20704403.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sebastian Schreck
Sebastian THIEM
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3903395A1 publication Critical patent/EP3903395A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/003—Load forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future load demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/008—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks involving trading of energy or energy transmission rights
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J3/144—Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/62—The condition being non-electrical, e.g. temperature
    • H02J2310/64—The condition being economic, e.g. tariff based load management
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S50/00—Market activities related to the operation of systems integrating technologies related to power network operation or related to communication or information technologies
    • Y04S50/10—Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy system according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a local energy market according to the preamble of patent claim 10 and a method for operating an energy system according to the preamble of claim 13.
  • Local energy systems that provide and / or consume electrical energy locally through their energy subsystems will gain more and more importance in the future due to the liberalization of the energy market.
  • Examples of local energy systems are a supply area of a distribution system operator, a city district and / or a municipality. Local energy systems do not generate the electrical energy centrally - as has been known up to now - through power plants, but decentrally using components of smaller energy subsystems, for example combined heat and power plants and / or private photovoltaic systems.
  • the energy provided locally is also consumed locally by the energy subsystems of the energy system.
  • a local energy system thus typically has producers, consumers and prosumers who are involved in the energy exchange and who generate and / or consume the exchanged electrical energy themselves. If electrical energy can still be traded between the energy subsystems by means of such a local energy system, then these form a local energy market.
  • Known energy systems can also have an energy storage device, in particular a battery storage device.
  • a battery storage device For example, many private residential buildings (energy subsystem) include a photovoltaic system with an associated battery storage system.
  • the battery storage should typically with regard to its own, i.e. with regard to the energy subsystem internal use, should be used as optimally as possible.
  • the battery store can be used by further energy subsystems of the energy system, that is to say by energy subsystems external to the energy subsystem comprising the battery store.
  • the electrical energy generated by means of a photovoltaic system of an energy subsystem could be temporarily stored by means of a battery store of a further energy subsystem of the energy system.
  • the present invention is based on the object of enabling internal and external use of an energy store within an energy system.
  • the energy system comprises at least one central control unit and at least one energy subsystem, wherein the energy subsystem comprises an energy store, in particular a battery store, with a total storage capacity, and the control unit is designed at least to control the energy store based on an optimization.
  • the total storage capacity of the energy store can be divided into a first partial capacity and a second partial capacity by the control unit for optimization, the first partial capacity being provided for internal use with respect to the energy subsystem and the second partial capacity for external use with respect to the energy subsystem.
  • the first partial capacity is for internal use and for the energy subsystem Second partial capacitance designed and / or usable for an external use with respect to the energy subsystem.
  • control also includes a regulation.
  • control unit can also be a control unit.
  • the energy store is in particular an electrochemical energy store, for example a battery store and / or a (redox) flow battery, a thermal store (heat store), a thermomechanical and / or mechanical store, for example a flywheel, and / or some other store that enables storage and withdrawal of energy.
  • electrochemical energy store for example a battery store and / or a (redox) flow battery
  • thermal store heat store
  • thermomechanical and / or mechanical store for example a flywheel
  • a use of the energy store or its partial capacities within the meaning of the present invention is any use of the energy store, for example for storing energy, for temporarily storing energy, for withdrawing energy and / or for other uses, for example as an emergency power reserve.
  • a distinction is only made between the internal and external use of the energy stored by means of the energy store, the relative terms internal and external referring to the energy subsystem comprising the energy store.
  • An optimization within the meaning of the present invention is a mathematical optimization based on an objective function.
  • the objective function is minimized or maximized.
  • the values of the variables of the objective function are determined such that the objective function is minimized or maximized.
  • optimal means that the objective function is minimized or maximized.
  • the objective function is optimized under a plurality of constraints which variables and / or parameters of the objective function must meet. Optimization, that is, finding the optimal objective function and thus the optimal values of the variables of the objective function, is extremely complex Systems, such as energy systems in the present case, are typically only possible with computer support.
  • the operation of the energy system is optimized by means of the optimization, for example with regard to the highest possible energetic efficiency of the energy system, the lowest possible carbon dioxide emissions and / or the lowest possible costs / operating costs.
  • the most optimal possible future operation of the energy system is typically simulated.
  • the energy system can be operated as optimally as possible in the future.
  • the simulation / optimization is particularly necessary because it is not possible to install or build innumerable energy systems to find an energy system that is as optimal as possible.
  • the parameters provided for optimization which, for example, parameterize or initialize the target function, are typically physical variables that were recorded at a given point in time or from historical data by means of measurements on the energy system present.
  • the parameterization and thus the target function is based on physically recorded measurement data from the energy system. This ensures that the energy system is modeled in a physically realistic manner by the objective function.
  • Computer-aided optimization thus provides an important technical tool for those skilled in the art in order to design and / or operate energy systems as efficiently as possible.
  • An energy subsystem of the energy system is a subunit of the energy system that provides and / or consumes energy.
  • a single-family residential building which has a photovoltaic system and a battery storage system is such an energy subsystem.
  • the total capacity of the energy store of the energy subsystem is divided into the first partial capacity and the second partial capacity.
  • the first partial capacity is provided for internal use with respect to the energy system subsystem.
  • the second partial capacity is provided for use external to the energy subsystem, for example for use by other energy subsystems of the energy system.
  • the total capacity of the energy store is equal to the sum of the first and second partial capacities.
  • the optimization thus symbolically knows which or how much of the energy stored by means of the energy store is intended for internal or external use.
  • the inventive division of the energy store makes it possible to track which amount of energy is intended for internal use and which amount of energy is intended for external use.
  • the control unit which enables this division and this identification of the energy, forms a central control unit with regard to the energy subsystems of the energy system.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that the virtual division of the energy store by the control device does not take place a priori, ad hoc or manually, but was calculated or determined as optimally as possible based on the optimization. As a result, the energy store can be operated as optimally as possible with regard to its internal and / or external use. Since the energy storage is only divided virtually within the optimization, the partial capacities have the same physical charging and discharging conditions.
  • the present invention thus provides an energy system which enables optimal operation of the energy store with regard to the internal consumption of energy and external use by further energy subsystems. In other words, mixed operation (internal / external) of the energy store is advantageously made possible.
  • no structural adjustments to the energy storage device are required here. In other words, existing energy storage devices according to the present invention can be integrated without any further structural effort.
  • the mixed operation of the energy store also provides flexibility of the energy system with regard to the generation and consumption of energy. Overall, this leads to a higher resource efficiency, since, for example, the energy store of an energy subsystem can be used by another energy subsystem of the energy system. Overall, this promotes and increases the share of renewable energies in the energy system. Furthermore, this is done as efficiently as possible, that is, that the energy store is operated in an optimized manner for internal and external use.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that the operator of the energy storage system is also required to provide evidence in accordance with Section 61k EEG.
  • the local energy market according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises an energy system with several energy subsystems and electrically coupling the energy subsystems of the power grid for exchanging electrical energy, with electrical energy being exchangeable between the energy subsystems according to the optimization by means of the power grid, and by the optimization of the offers and / or bids of the energy subsystems transmitted to the control unit with regard to their consumption and / or provision of electrical energy can be taken into account.
  • the energy subsystems within the local energy market can submit offers to sell their generated electrical energy or offers to purchase electrical energy. The offers are taken into account during the optimization by the control unit.
  • the division of the energy store into the first and second partial capacitance that is to say into an internal and external use with respect to one of the energy subsystems, is also taken into account.
  • Other forms of energy for example heat and / or cold, can be provided in addition to or as an alternative to electrical energy, for example by means of a heating network, district heating network and / or cooling network.
  • the method according to the invention for operating an energy system wherein the energy system comprises at least one energy subsystem and a central control unit, and the energy subsystem has an energy store with a total storage capacity, and the control unit controls the energy store based on optimization, is characterized in that that the total storage capacity of the energy storage is divided into a first partial capacity and a second partial capacity by the control unit for the optimization, the first partial capacity being used for internal use with respect to the energy subsystem and the second partial capacity for external use with respect to the energy subsystem.
  • the first and second partial capacitance are variables of the optimization.
  • the first and second partial capacities are taken into account in the optimization in that these form variables of the target function.
  • the sum of the two partial capacities is always less than or equal to the total capacity, in particular equal to the total capacity of the energy store. This advantageously optimizes the (virtual) division of the total capacity of the energy store as much as possible.
  • control unit is designed to control charging and / or discharging of the energy store based on a solution to the optimization.
  • control unit is designed to operate the energy store in accordance with the optimization solution and, if necessary, taking into account trading results of the local energy market.
  • the energy storage device is operated as optimally as possible in accordance with the optimization solution by the control unit. This advantageously further improves the efficiency of the energy system. In particular, it is ensured that the energy store and the energy subsystems are operated in accordance with the optimization solution.
  • the energy system comprises a data interface for transferring data containers between the energy subsystem and the control unit, the data of the transferred data containers being at least partially able to be taken into account in the optimization by the control unit.
  • information in the form of data or data containers can be exchanged bidirectionally or unidirectionally by means of the data interface between the control unit and the energy subsystems.
  • the data can be used at least partially during the optimization be taken into account by the control unit.
  • measurement data that correspond to or are based on parameters of the energy system are transmitted through the energy subsystems to the control unit and taken into account in the optimization.
  • the energy system comprises a database for storing and / or reading the data containers exchanged by means of the data interface.
  • the transmitted data can thereby be stored by the control unit, so that the control unit is aware of the real operating behavior of the respective energy subsystems. From this it can advantageously be determined whether the energy store was operated according to the present invention.
  • the database is preferably designed with its blockchain.
  • no central database which is present, for example, within the control unit, is formed, but rather a decentralized database is formed by means of a block chain. Nevertheless, the control unit can at least partially, in particular completely, embrace the block chain. The block chain can still be distributed decentrally to the individual energy subsystems of the energy system. As an alternative or in addition, a central database, for example of a network operator, can be provided.
  • the offers and / or bids to the control unit are indirect via peer-to-peer and / or via a block chain. Alternatively or in addition, this can be done by querying a central database.
  • the energy subsystem comprising the energy store is a single-family dwelling or an apartment building.
  • typical local energy producers and energy consumers that is to say single-family houses and multi-family houses, can advantageously be integrated by the local energy system.
  • Every single-family dwelling or apartment building forms an energy subsystem of the energy system.
  • single-family houses provide electrical energy by means of a photovoltaic system.
  • some of the single-family houses and / or multi-family houses can each have an energy store which, according to the present invention, can be used effectively and particularly efficiently by other single-family houses and / or multi-family houses of the energy system.
  • the energy store of one of the single-family houses or multi-family houses can be used for the other single-family houses or multi-family houses of the energy system through the present invention and / or one of its configurations.
  • the energy subsystem comprising the energy store can be a commercial installation, an industrial installation and / or some other technical installation.
  • the energy system preferably comprises a plurality of energy subsystems and a power network that electrically couples the energy subsystems for exchanging electrical energy.
  • the single figure shows a schematic circuit diagram of an energy system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the figure shows a circuit diagram of an energy system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention or a local energy market 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the figure is explained using the example of the local energy system 1 and for electrical energy, with what has been said can be transferred directly and clearly to the local energy market 10 and other forms of energy, for example heat and / or cold.
  • the energy system 1 comprises an energy subsystem 4, for example a single-family house, with an energy storage device 40, for example a battery storage device. Furthermore, the energy system 1 comprises further energy subsystems 5, for example further single-family houses and / or multi-family houses. The further energy subsystems 5 can also have one energy store or several energy stores, for example battery stores. Furthermore, the case of electrical energy is considered, the present invention not being restricted to electrical energy and other forms of energy, for example heat and / or cold, being alternatively or additionally conceivable.
  • the energy subsystem 4 and the further energy subsystems 5 are coupled via a power grid 7 for the exchange of electrical energy, that is to say electrical current or current.
  • the energy system 1 comprises a central control unit 2 with a database 3.
  • the control unit 2 is not assigned to any of the energy subsystems 4, 5, but is superordinate to the energy subsystems 4, 5 and thus central to the energy subsystems 4, 5. In this sense, the control unit 2 forms a central coordination platform that controls, regulates and / or coordinates the distribution of energy within the energy system.
  • the energy subsystem 4 which has the energy store 40, further comprises a photovoltaic system 45 and an electrical load 46.
  • the photovoltaic system generates electrical see energy (electricity) that is fed into the power grid 7 and / or stored or temporarily stored by means of the energy store 40.
  • the power supply is marked by the arrow with the reference numeral 424.
  • the energy subsystem 4 can draw power from the power grid 7. This reference is identified by the arrow with the reference number 423.
  • the infeed 424 and the outfeed 423 represent physical currents.
  • the energy storage 40 for example a battery storage, of the energy subsystem 4 can also be charged via the reference 423 from the power grid 7.
  • a physical discharge of the energy store 40 can also take place via the power grid 7 and is identified with the reference symbol 424.
  • the energy subsystem 4 also comprises a local measuring unit 43 and a local control unit 44.
  • the local control unit 44 is provided for the local control of the energy store 40.
  • the local control unit 44 can in turn be controlled by means of the central control unit 2, so that the energy storage device 40 can be controlled overall by means of the central control unit 2.
  • the local measuring unit 43 can detect or measure values of physical variables of the energy store and / or of the energy subsystem 4. Furthermore, the measuring unit 43 can transmit the recorded measured variables (measured values / measured data) to the central control unit 2, for example for storage in the database 3, by means of a data interface 523. The transmitted measurement data can be taken into account when optimizing the operation of the energy system 1, which is carried out by the control unit 2.
  • the further energy sub-systems 5 have a corresponding data interface 523. Furthermore, the further energy subsystems 5 have a corresponding interface 423 for drawing electrical energy from the power grid 7 and 424 for feeding electrical energy into the power grid 7.
  • the control unit 2 is designed to divide the total capacity of the energy store 40 into a first partial capacity 41 and a second partial capacity 42.
  • This virtual division of the energy store 40 is symbolized in the figure by the reference number 24.
  • a corresponding virtual electricity purchase is symbolized or identified by arrow 421 and a corresponding virtual electricity output is symbolized or identified by arrow 422.
  • the division 24 of the energy storage device 40 is taken into account by the control unit 2 when optimizing the operation of the energy system 1, in particular when optimizing the operation of the energy subsystem 4.
  • the first partial capacity 41 and the second partial capacity 42 are variables of an objective function that is optimized, that is to say is minimized or maximized.
  • first partial capacitance 41 is provided for internal use and the second partial capacitance 42 is provided for external use in relation to the energy subsystem 4.
  • the current of the energy store 40 identified by means of the second partial capacitance 42 is provided for the further energy subsystems 5.
  • the electrical current identified by means of the first partial capacitance 41 is intended for internal use, that is to say for use within the energy subsystem 4 (internal consumption).
  • the division 24 does not take place a priori, ad hoc, manual and / or fixed, but is determined or calculated as optimally as possible by the control unit 2. This is the case because the first partial capacitance 41 and the second partial capacitance 42 are taken into account as variables in the optimization.
  • the sum of the partial capacities 41, 42 results in the total capacity, that is to say the total physical capacity of the energy store 40.
  • the present invention advantageously enables a mixed use in terms of internal and external use Operation of the energy store 40, which is as optimal as possible.
  • self-consumption optimization and an optimization of the energy store 40 on the market side can be carried out.
  • the central database 3 can also be used to check the actual operation of the energy subsystems 4, 5, for example on the basis of measurement data recorded by the measuring unit 43 and transmitted to the central control unit 2 or the database 3 via the data interface 400 or 523 become. Thus, a control of the optimal operation of the energy subsystems 4, 5 calculated and determined according to the central control unit 2 can also take place.
  • the optimal calculation of the partial capacitances 41, 42 by means of the control unit 2 is typically time-dependent.
  • the division 24 of the energy store 40 into the first and second partial capacitance 41, 42 is typically dynamic over time.
  • the distribution is thus flexibly optimized for the energy flows within the energy system.
  • a time step of the optimization is an hour, a quarter of an hour or a shorter time range.
  • the time steps used can depend on the optimization horizon, i.e. on the period that is considered as a whole during the optimization, for example a year or a day (English: day-ahead).
  • the invention thus enables mixed operation of the energy store 40 with regard to the internal and external use of the stored energy, so that both the internal operation and the external and overall operation of the local energy market are improved.

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Abstract

An energy system (1) is proposed, comprising at least one central control unit (2) and at least one energy sub-system (4), wherein the energy sub-system (4) comprises an energy storage device (40) having a total storage capacity, and the control unit (2) is designed at least to control the energy storage unit (40) based on an optimization. According to the invention, the total storage capacity of the energy storage device (40) can be divided by the control unit (2) for the optimization into a first partial storage capacity (41) and a second partial storage capacity (42), wherein the first partial storage capacity (41) is provided for an internal use with regard to the energy sub-system (4) and the second partial storage capacity (42) is provided for an external use with regard to the energy sub-system (4). The invention furthermore relates to a local energy market (10) and to a method for operating an energy system (1).

Description

Beschreibung description
Energiesystem, lokaler Energiemarkt und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Energiesystems Energy system, local energy market and procedures for operating an energy system
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Energiesystem gemäß dem Oberbe griff des Patentanspruches 1. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfin dung einen lokalen Energiemarkt gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Pa tentanspruches 10 sowie ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Ener giesystems gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 13. The invention relates to an energy system according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a local energy market according to the preamble of patent claim 10 and a method for operating an energy system according to the preamble of claim 13.
Lokale Energiesysteme, die durch ihre Energiesubsysteme lokal elektrische Energie bereitstellen und/oder verbrauchen, ge winnen zukünftig aufgrund der Liberalisierung des Energie marktes immer mehr an Bedeutung. Beispiele für lokale Ener giesysteme sind ein Versorgungsgebiet eines Verteilernetzbe treibers, ein Stadtviertel und/oder eine Gemeinde. Lokale Energiesysteme erzeugen die elektrische Energie nicht - wie es bisher bekannt ist - zentral durch Kraftwerke, sondern de zentral mittels Komponenten kleinerer Energiesubsysteme, bei spielsweise Blockheizkraftwerke und/oder private Photovolta ikanlagen. Der Verbrauch der lokal bereitgestellten Energie erfolgt ebenso lokal durch die Energiesubsysteme des Energie systems. Ein lokales Energiesystem weist somit typischerweise Erzeuger, Verbraucher und Prosumenten (englisch: Prosumer) auf, die im Energieaustausch stehen und die ausgetauschte elektrische Energie selbst erzeugen und/oder selbst verbrau chen. Kann mittels eines solchen lokalen Energiesystems wei terhin elektrische Energie zwischen den Energiesubsystemen gehandelt werden, so bilden diese einen lokalen Energiemarkt aus . Local energy systems that provide and / or consume electrical energy locally through their energy subsystems will gain more and more importance in the future due to the liberalization of the energy market. Examples of local energy systems are a supply area of a distribution system operator, a city district and / or a municipality. Local energy systems do not generate the electrical energy centrally - as has been known up to now - through power plants, but decentrally using components of smaller energy subsystems, for example combined heat and power plants and / or private photovoltaic systems. The energy provided locally is also consumed locally by the energy subsystems of the energy system. A local energy system thus typically has producers, consumers and prosumers who are involved in the energy exchange and who generate and / or consume the exchanged electrical energy themselves. If electrical energy can still be traded between the energy subsystems by means of such a local energy system, then these form a local energy market.
Bekannte Energiesysteme können weiterhin einen Energiespei cher, insbesondere einen Batteriespeicher, aufweisen. Bei spielsweise umfassen viele private Wohngebäude (Energiesub system) eine Photovoltaikanlage mit einem zugehörigen Batte riespeicher. Hierbei soll der Batteriespeicher typischerweise bezüglich der eigenen, das heißt bezüglich des Energiesubsys- tems internen Verwendung, möglichst optimal genutzt werden. Allerdings wäre es ebenfalls vorteilhaft, wenn der Batterie speicher durch weitere Energiesubsysteme des Energiesystems, das heißt durch bezüglich des den Batteriespeicher umfassen den Energiesubsystems externe Energiesubsysteme, verwendbar ist. Dadurch könnte die mittels einer Photovoltaikanlage ei nes Energiesubsystems erzeugte elektrische Energie mittels eines Batteriespeichers eines weiteren Energiesubsystems des Energiesystems zwischengespeichert werden. Known energy systems can also have an energy storage device, in particular a battery storage device. For example, many private residential buildings (energy subsystem) include a photovoltaic system with an associated battery storage system. In this case, the battery storage should typically with regard to its own, i.e. with regard to the energy subsystem internal use, should be used as optimally as possible. However, it would also be advantageous if the battery store can be used by further energy subsystems of the energy system, that is to say by energy subsystems external to the energy subsystem comprising the battery store. As a result, the electrical energy generated by means of a photovoltaic system of an energy subsystem could be temporarily stored by means of a battery store of a further energy subsystem of the energy system.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde eine interne und externe Verwendung eines Energiespeichers inner halb eines Energiesystems zu ermöglichen. The present invention is based on the object of enabling internal and external use of an energy store within an energy system.
Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Energiesystem mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruches 1, durch einen lokalen Energiemarkt mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruches 10 sowie durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruches 13 gelöst. In den abhängigen Patentansprü chen sind vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung angegeben. The object is achieved by an energy system with the features of independent claim 1, by a local energy market with the features of independent claim 10 and by a method with the features of independent claim 13. In the dependent claims, advantageous configurations and developments of the invention are specified.
Das erfindungsgemäße Energiesystem umfasst wenigstens eine zentrale Steuereinheit und wenigstens ein Energiesubsystem, wobei das Energiesubsystem einen Energiespeicher, insbesonde re einen Batteriespeicher, mit einer Gesamtspeicherkapazität umfasst, und die Steuereinheit wenigstens zur Steuerung des Energiespeichers basierend auf einer Optimierung ausgebildet ist. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Gesamtspeicherkapazität des Energiespeichers durch die Steuereinheit für die Optimierung in eine erste Teilkapazität und eine zweite Teilkapazität un terteilbar, wobei die erste Teilkapazität für eine bezüglich des Energiesubsystems interne Verwendung und die zweite Teil kapazität für eine bezüglich des Energiesubsystems externe Verwendung vorgesehen ist. The energy system according to the invention comprises at least one central control unit and at least one energy subsystem, wherein the energy subsystem comprises an energy store, in particular a battery store, with a total storage capacity, and the control unit is designed at least to control the energy store based on an optimization. According to the invention, the total storage capacity of the energy store can be divided into a first partial capacity and a second partial capacity by the control unit for optimization, the first partial capacity being provided for internal use with respect to the energy subsystem and the second partial capacity for external use with respect to the energy subsystem.
Mit anderen Worten ist die erste Teilkapazität für eine be züglich des Energiesubsystems interne Verwendung und die zweite Teilkapazität für eine bezüglich des Energiesubsystems externe Verwendung ausgebildet und/oder verwendbar. In other words, the first partial capacity is for internal use and for the energy subsystem Second partial capacitance designed and / or usable for an external use with respect to the energy subsystem.
Der Begriff der Steuerung umfasst vorliegend ebenfalls eine Regelung. Dadurch kann die Steuereinheit ebenfalls eine Re geleinheit sein. In the present case, the term control also includes a regulation. As a result, the control unit can also be a control unit.
Der Energiespeicher ist insbesondere ein elektrochemischer Energiespeicher, beispielsweise ein Batteriespeicher und/oder eine (Redox- ) Flussbatterie, ein thermischer Speicher (Wärme speicher), ein thermomechanischer und/oder mechanischer Spei cher, beispielsweise ein Schwungrad, und/oder ein sonstiger Speicher, der eine Speicherung und Ausspeicherung von Energie ermöglicht . The energy store is in particular an electrochemical energy store, for example a battery store and / or a (redox) flow battery, a thermal store (heat store), a thermomechanical and / or mechanical store, for example a flywheel, and / or some other store that enables storage and withdrawal of energy.
Eine Verwendung des Energiespeichers beziehungsweise seiner Teilkapazitäten im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung ist jeg liche Nutzung des Energiespeichers, beispielsweise zur Spei cherung von Energie, zur Zwischenspeicherung von Energie, zur Ausspeicherung von Energie und/oder zur sonstigen Nutzung, beispielsweise als Notstromreserve. Lediglich die interne und externe Verwendung der mittels des Energiespeicher gespei cherten Energie wird erfindungsgemäß unterschieden, wobei die relativen Begriffe intern und extern sich auf das den Ener giespeicher umfassende Energiesubsystem beziehen. A use of the energy store or its partial capacities within the meaning of the present invention is any use of the energy store, for example for storing energy, for temporarily storing energy, for withdrawing energy and / or for other uses, for example as an emergency power reserve. According to the invention, a distinction is only made between the internal and external use of the energy stored by means of the energy store, the relative terms internal and external referring to the energy subsystem comprising the energy store.
Eine Optimierung im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine mathematische Optimierung basierend auf einer Zielfunktion. Hierbei wird die Zielfunktion minimiert oder maximiert. Mit anderen Worten werden die Werte der Variablen der Zielfunkti on derart bestimmt, dass die Zielfunktion minimiert oder ma ximiert wird. In diesem Sinne bedeutet optimal, dass die Zielfunktion minimiert oder maximiert ist. Typischerweise er folgt die Optimierung der Zielfunktion unter einer Mehrzahl von Nebenbedingungen, die Variablen und/oder Parameter der Zielfunktion erfüllen müssen. Die Optimierung, das heißt das Auffinden der optimalen Zielfunktion und somit der optimalen Werte der Variablen der Zielfunktion ist für äußerst komplexe Systeme, beispielsweise wie vorliegend Energiesysteme, typi scherweise nur computergestützt möglich. Hierbei wird mittels der Optimierung der Betrieb des Energiesystems optimiert, beispielsweise im Hinblick auf eine möglichst hohe energeti sche Effizienz des Energiesystems, eine möglichst geringe Kohlenstoffdioxidemission und/oder auf möglichst geringe Kos ten/Betriebskosten. Mit anderen Worten wird typischerweise ein möglichst optimaler zukünftiger Betrieb des Energiesys tems simuliert. Mittels dieser Simulation kann das Energie system zukünftig möglichst optimal betrieben werden. Die Si mulation/Optimierung ist insbesondere deshalb erforderlich, da nicht unzählige Energiesysteme zum Auffinden eines mög lichst optimalen Energiesystems installiert beziehungsweise gebaut werden können. Die für die Optimierung vorgesehenen Parameter, die beispielsweise die Zielfunktion parametrisie- ren beziehungsweise initialisieren, sind typischerweise phy sikalische Größen, die zu einem gegebenen Zeitpunkt oder aus historischen Daten mittels Messungen am vorliegenden Energie system erfasst wurden. Mit anderen Worten basiert die Para metrisierung und somit die Zielfunktion auf physikalisch er fassten Messdaten des Energiesystems. Dadurch wird sicherge stellt, dass das Energiesystem physikalisch realistisch durch die Zielfunktion modelliert wird. Die computergestützte Opti mierung stellt somit ein wichtiges technisches Werkzeug für den Fachmann bereit, um Energiesysteme möglichst effizient auszulegen und/oder zu betreiben. An optimization within the meaning of the present invention is a mathematical optimization based on an objective function. Here the objective function is minimized or maximized. In other words, the values of the variables of the objective function are determined such that the objective function is minimized or maximized. In this sense, optimal means that the objective function is minimized or maximized. Typically, the objective function is optimized under a plurality of constraints which variables and / or parameters of the objective function must meet. Optimization, that is, finding the optimal objective function and thus the optimal values of the variables of the objective function, is extremely complex Systems, such as energy systems in the present case, are typically only possible with computer support. The operation of the energy system is optimized by means of the optimization, for example with regard to the highest possible energetic efficiency of the energy system, the lowest possible carbon dioxide emissions and / or the lowest possible costs / operating costs. In other words, the most optimal possible future operation of the energy system is typically simulated. Using this simulation, the energy system can be operated as optimally as possible in the future. The simulation / optimization is particularly necessary because it is not possible to install or build innumerable energy systems to find an energy system that is as optimal as possible. The parameters provided for optimization, which, for example, parameterize or initialize the target function, are typically physical variables that were recorded at a given point in time or from historical data by means of measurements on the energy system present. In other words, the parameterization and thus the target function is based on physically recorded measurement data from the energy system. This ensures that the energy system is modeled in a physically realistic manner by the objective function. Computer-aided optimization thus provides an important technical tool for those skilled in the art in order to design and / or operate energy systems as efficiently as possible.
Ein Energiesubsystem des Energiesystems ist eine Untereinheit des Energiesystems, die Energie bereitstellt und/oder ver braucht. Beispielsweise ist ein Einfamilienwohngebäude, wel ches eine Photovoltaikanlage und einen Batteriespeicher auf weist, ein solches Energiesubsystem. An energy subsystem of the energy system is a subunit of the energy system that provides and / or consumes energy. For example, a single-family residential building which has a photovoltaic system and a battery storage system is such an energy subsystem.
Gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die Gesamtkapazität des Energiespeichers des Energiesubsystems in die erste Teilkapa zität und die zweite Teilkapazität unterteilt. Hierbei er folgt dies erfindungsgemäß für beziehungsweise bei der Opti mierung. Mit anderen Worten erfolgt keine physikalische Auf- teilung des Energiespeichers, sondern gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung eine virtuelle Aufteilung bei der Optimierung, wel che durch die Steuereinheit durchgeführt wird, beziehungswei se durch diese durchführbar ist. Hierbei ist die erste Teil kapazität für eine bezüglich des Energiesystemsubsystems in terne Verwendung vorgesehen. Die zweite Teilkapazität ist für eine bezüglich des Energiesubsystems externen Verwendung, beispielsweise für eine Verwendung durch weitere Energiesub systeme des Energiesystems, vorgesehen. Hierbei ist die Ge samtkapazität des Energiespeichers gleich der Summe der ers ten und zweiten Teilkapazität. Vorteilhafterweise weiß die Optimierung somit sinnbildlich, welche beziehungsweise wie viel von der mittels des Energiespeichers gespeicherte Ener gie für eine interne oder externe Verwendung vorgesehen ist. Mit anderen Worten wird durch die erfindungsgemäße Aufteilung des Energiespeichers nachverfolgbar, welche Energiemenge für eine interne Verwendung und welche Energiemenge für eine ex terne Verwendung vorgesehen ist. Die Steuereinheit, die diese Aufteilung und diese Kennzeichnung der Energie ermöglicht, bildet hierbei bezüglich der Energiesubsysteme des Energie systems eine zentrale Steuereinheit aus. According to the present invention, the total capacity of the energy store of the energy subsystem is divided into the first partial capacity and the second partial capacity. Here he follows this according to the invention for or in the optimization. In other words, there is no physical division of the energy store, but according to the present invention a virtual division during the optimization, which is carried out by the control unit or can be carried out by it. Here, the first partial capacity is provided for internal use with respect to the energy system subsystem. The second partial capacity is provided for use external to the energy subsystem, for example for use by other energy subsystems of the energy system. Here, the total capacity of the energy store is equal to the sum of the first and second partial capacities. Advantageously, the optimization thus symbolically knows which or how much of the energy stored by means of the energy store is intended for internal or external use. In other words, the inventive division of the energy store makes it possible to track which amount of energy is intended for internal use and which amount of energy is intended for external use. The control unit, which enables this division and this identification of the energy, forms a central control unit with regard to the energy subsystems of the energy system.
Ein weiterer Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, dass die virtuelle Aufteilung des Energiespeichers durch die Steuer vorrichtung nicht a priori, ad hoc oder manuell erfolgt, son dern auf der Optimierung basierenden möglichst optimal be rechnet beziehungsweise ermittelt wurde. Dadurch kann der Energiespeicher bezüglich seiner internen und/oder externen Verwendung möglichst optimal betrieben werden. Da die Auftei lung des Energiespeichers lediglich virtuell innerhalb der Optimierung erfolgt, weisen die Teilkapazitäten dieselben physikalischen Ladebedingungen und Entladebedingungen auf.Another advantage of the present invention is that the virtual division of the energy store by the control device does not take place a priori, ad hoc or manually, but was calculated or determined as optimally as possible based on the optimization. As a result, the energy store can be operated as optimally as possible with regard to its internal and / or external use. Since the energy storage is only divided virtually within the optimization, the partial capacities have the same physical charging and discharging conditions.
Für die Verwendung der mittels der ersten Teilkapazität ge speicherten Energie können somit Gebühren und/oder Steuern anfallen und abgeführt werden. Für die zweite Teilkapazität kann eine Ladevergütung und/oder Entladevergütung vorgesehen sein . Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt somit ein Energiesystem be reit, welches einen optimalen Betrieb des Energiespeichers bezüglich des Eigenverbrauches der Energie und einer externen Verwendung durch weitere Energiesubsysteme ermöglicht. Mit anderen Worten wird vorteilhafterweise ein gemischter Betrieb ( intern/extern) des Energiespeichers ermöglicht. Hierbei sind vorteilhafterweise keine baulichen Anpassungen des Energie speichers erforderlich. Mit anderen Worten können bereits be stehende Energiespeicher gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung oh ne weiteren baulichen Aufwand integriert werden. For the use of the energy stored by means of the first partial capacity, fees and / or taxes can therefore arise and be deducted. A charge and / or discharge charge can be provided for the second partial capacity. The present invention thus provides an energy system which enables optimal operation of the energy store with regard to the internal consumption of energy and external use by further energy subsystems. In other words, mixed operation (internal / external) of the energy store is advantageously made possible. Advantageously, no structural adjustments to the energy storage device are required here. In other words, existing energy storage devices according to the present invention can be integrated without any further structural effort.
Vorteilhafterweise wird weiterhin durch den gemischten Be trieb des Energiespeichers eine Flexibilität des Energiesys tems in Bezug auf die Erzeugung und den Verbrauch der Energie bereitgestellt. Dies führt insgesamt zu einer höheren Res sourceneffizienz, da beispielsweise der Energiespeicher eines Energiesubsystems durch ein weiteres Energiesubsystems des Energiesystems verwendbar ist. Insgesamt wird dadurch der An teil erneuerbarer Energien im Energiesystem gefördert und er höht. Weiterhin erfolgt dies möglichst effizient, das heißt, dass der Energiespeicher für die interne und externe Verwen dung optimiert betrieben wird. Advantageously, the mixed operation of the energy store also provides flexibility of the energy system with regard to the generation and consumption of energy. Overall, this leads to a higher resource efficiency, since, for example, the energy store of an energy subsystem can be used by another energy subsystem of the energy system. Overall, this promotes and increases the share of renewable energies in the energy system. Furthermore, this is done as efficiently as possible, that is, that the energy store is operated in an optimized manner for internal and external use.
Ein weiterer Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung ist, dass die Nachweispflicht des Betreibers des Energiespeichers gemäß § 61k EEG ebenfalls gegeben ist. Another advantage of the present invention is that the operator of the energy storage system is also required to provide evidence in accordance with Section 61k EEG.
Der erfindungsgemäße lokale Energiemarkt, ist dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass dieser ein Energiesystem mit mehreren Energie subsystemen und ein die Energiesubsysteme elektrisch koppeln des Stromnetz zum Austausch von elektrischer Energie umfasst, wobei mittels des Stromnetzes elektrische Energie zwischen den Energiesubsystemen gemäß der Optimierung austauschbar ist, und durch die Optimierung an die Steuereinheit übermit telte Angebote und/oder Gebote der Energiesubsysteme bezüg lich ihres Verbrauchs und/oder Bereitstellung an elektrischer Energie berücksichtigbar sind. Mit anderen Worten können die Energiesubsysteme innerhalb des lokalen Energiemarktes Angebote zum Verkauf ihrer erzeugten elektrischen Energie oder Angebote zum Bezug von elektrischer Energie abgeben. Hierbei werden die Angebote bei der Optimie rung durch die Steuereinheit berücksichtigt. Ebenfalls wird die Aufteilung des Energiespeichers in die erste und zweite Teilkapazität, das heißt in eine bezüglich eines der Energie subsysteme interne und externe Verwendung berücksichtigt. Weitere Energieformen, beispielsweise Wärme und/oder Kälte, können ergänzend oder alternativ analog zur elektrischen Energie, beispielsweise mittels eines Wärmenetzes, Fernwärme netzes und/oder Kältenetzes, vorgesehen sein. The local energy market according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises an energy system with several energy subsystems and electrically coupling the energy subsystems of the power grid for exchanging electrical energy, with electrical energy being exchangeable between the energy subsystems according to the optimization by means of the power grid, and by the optimization of the offers and / or bids of the energy subsystems transmitted to the control unit with regard to their consumption and / or provision of electrical energy can be taken into account. In other words, the energy subsystems within the local energy market can submit offers to sell their generated electrical energy or offers to purchase electrical energy. The offers are taken into account during the optimization by the control unit. The division of the energy store into the first and second partial capacitance, that is to say into an internal and external use with respect to one of the energy subsystems, is also taken into account. Other forms of energy, for example heat and / or cold, can be provided in addition to or as an alternative to electrical energy, for example by means of a heating network, district heating network and / or cooling network.
Es ergeben sich zum erfindungsgemäßen lokalen Energiesystem gleichartige und gleichwertige Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen gemäßen lokalen Energiemarktes. Similar and equivalent advantages to the local energy market according to the invention result from the local energy system according to the invention.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Energiesys tems, wobei das Energiesystem wenigstens ein Energiesubsystem und eine zentrale Steuereinheit umfasst, und das Energiesub system einen Energiespeicher mit einer Gesamtspeicherkapazi- tät aufweist, und die Steuereinheit den Energiespeicher ba sierend auf einer Optimierung steuert, ist gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass die Gesamtspeicherkapazität des Energiespei chers durch die Steuereinheit für die Optimierung in eine erste Teilkapazität und eine zweite Teilkapazität unterteilt wird, wobei die erste Teilkapazität für eine bezüglich des Energiesubsystems interne Verwendung und die zweite Teilkapa zität für eine bezüglich des Energiesubsystems externe Ver wendung verwendet wird. The method according to the invention for operating an energy system, wherein the energy system comprises at least one energy subsystem and a central control unit, and the energy subsystem has an energy store with a total storage capacity, and the control unit controls the energy store based on optimization, is characterized in that that the total storage capacity of the energy storage is divided into a first partial capacity and a second partial capacity by the control unit for the optimization, the first partial capacity being used for internal use with respect to the energy subsystem and the second partial capacity for external use with respect to the energy subsystem.
Es ergeben sich zum erfindungsgemäßen lokalen Energiesystem gleichartige und gleichwertige Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens . Similar and equivalent advantages of the method according to the invention result from the local energy system according to the invention.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die erste und zweite Teilkapazität Variablen der Optimierung. Mit anderen Worten werden die erste und zweite Teilkapazität dadurch bei der Optimierung berücksichtigt, dass diese Vari ablen der Zielfunktion ausbilden. Als Nebenbedingung der Op timierung kann herangezogen werden, dass die Summe der beiden Teilkapazitäten stets kleiner gleich der Gesamtkapazität, insbesondere gleich der Gesamtkapazität, des Energiespeichers ist. Vorteilhafterweise wird dadurch die (virtuelle) Auftei lung der Gesamtkapazität des Energiespeichers möglichst opti miert . According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first and second partial capacitance are variables of the optimization. In other words, the first and second partial capacities are taken into account in the optimization in that these form variables of the target function. As a secondary condition of optimization, it can be used that the sum of the two partial capacities is always less than or equal to the total capacity, in particular equal to the total capacity of the energy store. This advantageously optimizes the (virtual) division of the total capacity of the energy store as much as possible.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Steuereinheit dazu ausgebildet ein Laden und/oder ein Entla den des Energiespeichers basierend auf einer Lösung der Opti mierung zu steuern. In an advantageous development of the invention, the control unit is designed to control charging and / or discharging of the energy store based on a solution to the optimization.
Mit anderen Worten ist die Steuereinheit zum Betrieb des Energiespeichers gemäß der Lösung der Optimierung und gegebe nenfalls unter Berücksichtigung von Handelsergebnisse des lo kalen Energiemarktes ausgebildet. Somit wird der Energiespei cher gemäß der Lösung der Optimierung durch die Steuereinheit vorteilhafterweise möglichst optimal betrieben. Dadurch wird vorteilhafterweise die Effizienz des Energiesystems weiter verbessert. Insbesondere wird sichergestellt, dass der Ener giespeicher sowie die Energiesubsysteme gemäß der Lösung der Optimierung betrieben werden. In other words, the control unit is designed to operate the energy store in accordance with the optimization solution and, if necessary, taking into account trading results of the local energy market. Thus, the energy storage device is operated as optimally as possible in accordance with the optimization solution by the control unit. This advantageously further improves the efficiency of the energy system. In particular, it is ensured that the energy store and the energy subsystems are operated in accordance with the optimization solution.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst das Energiesystem eine Datenschnittstelle zum Übertragen von Datencontainern zwischen dem Energiesubsystem und der Steuer einheit, wobei die Daten der übertragenen Datencontainer we nigstens teilweise bei der Optimierung durch die Steuerein heit berücksichtigbar sind. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the energy system comprises a data interface for transferring data containers between the energy subsystem and the control unit, the data of the transferred data containers being at least partially able to be taken into account in the optimization by the control unit.
Mit anderen Worten können Informationen in Form von Daten be ziehungsweise Datencontainern mittels der Datenschnittstelle zwischen der Steuereinheit und den Energiesubsystemen bidi rektionalen oder unidirektional ausgetauscht werden. Hierbei können die Daten wenigstens teilweise bei der Optimierung durch die Steuereinheit berücksichtigt werden. Beispielsweise werden Messdaten, die Parametern des Energiesystems entspre chen oder zugrunde liegen, durch die Energiesubsysteme an die Steuereinheit übertragen und bei der Optimierung berücksich tigt . In other words, information in the form of data or data containers can be exchanged bidirectionally or unidirectionally by means of the data interface between the control unit and the energy subsystems. The data can be used at least partially during the optimization be taken into account by the control unit. For example, measurement data that correspond to or are based on parameters of the energy system are transmitted through the energy subsystems to the control unit and taken into account in the optimization.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst das Energiesystem eine Datenbank zum Speichern und/oder Lesen der mittels der Datenschnittstelle ausgetauschten Datencon tainer . According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the energy system comprises a database for storing and / or reading the data containers exchanged by means of the data interface.
Insbesondere können dadurch die übertragenen Daten durch die Steuereinheit gespeichert werden, sodass die Steuereinheit in Kenntnis des realen Betriebsverhaltens der jeweiligen Ener giesubsysteme ist. Hieraus kann vorteilhafterweise bestimmt werden, ob der Energiespeicher gemäß der vorliegenden Erfin dung betrieben wurde. In particular, the transmitted data can thereby be stored by the control unit, so that the control unit is aware of the real operating behavior of the respective energy subsystems. From this it can advantageously be determined whether the energy store was operated according to the present invention.
Hierbei ist die Datenbank bevorzugt mit seiner Blockkette (englisch: Blockchain) ausgebildet. In this case, the database is preferably designed with its blockchain.
Mit anderen Worten wird keine zentrale Datenbank, die bei spielsweise innerhalb der Steuereinheit vorliegt, ausgebil det, sondern es wird eine dezentrale Datenbank mittels einer Blockkette ausgebildet. Dennoch kann die Steuereinheit die Blockkette wenigstens teilweise, insbesondere vollständig um fassen. Die Blockkette kann weiterhin auf die einzelnen Ener giesubsysteme des Energiesystems dezentral verteilt sein. Al ternativ oder ergänzend kann eine zentrale Datenbank, bei spielsweise eines Netzbetreibers, vorgesehen sein. In other words, no central database, which is present, for example, within the control unit, is formed, but rather a decentralized database is formed by means of a block chain. Nevertheless, the control unit can at least partially, in particular completely, embrace the block chain. The block chain can still be distributed decentrally to the individual energy subsystems of the energy system. As an alternative or in addition, a central database, for example of a network operator, can be provided.
Insbesondere ist es bezüglich des lokalen Energiemarktes von Vorteil, wenn die Angebote und/oder Gebote an die Steuerein heit mittels Peer-to-Peer und/oder mittels Blockkette über mittelbar sind. Alternativ oder ergänzend kann dies mittels einer Abfrage einer zentralen Datenbank erfolgen. In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das den Energiespeicher umfassende Energiesubsystem ein Einfami lienwohnhaus oder ein Mehrfamilienwohnhaus . In particular, with regard to the local energy market, it is advantageous if the offers and / or bids to the control unit are indirect via peer-to-peer and / or via a block chain. Alternatively or in addition, this can be done by querying a central database. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the energy subsystem comprising the energy store is a single-family dwelling or an apartment building.
Vorteilhafterweise können dadurch typische lokale Energieer zeuger und Energieverbraucher, das heißt Einfamilienwohnhäu ser und Mehrfamilienwohnhäuser, durch das lokale Energiesys tem eingebunden werden. Jedes Einfamilienwohnhaus beziehungs weise jedes Mehrfamilienwohnhaus bildet hierbei jeweils ein Energiesubsystem des Energiesystems aus. Insbesondere stellen Einfamilienwohnhäuser mittels einer Photovoltaikanlage elekt rische Energie bereit. Weiterhin können einige der Einfamili enwohnhäuser und/oder Mehrfamilienwohnhäuser jeweils einen Energiespeicher aufweisen, der gemäß der vorliegenden Erfin dung effektiv und besonders effizient durch weitere Einfami lienwohnhäuser und/oder Mehrfamilienwohnhäuser des Energie systems verwendet werden kann. Mit anderen Worten wird der Energiespeicher eines der Einfamilienwohnhäuser oder Mehrfa milienwohnhäuser für die weiteren Einfamilienwohnhäuser be ziehungsweise Mehrfamilienwohnhäuser des Energiesystems durch die vorliegende Erfindung und/oder einer ihrer Ausgestaltun gen nutzbar. Alternativ oder ergänzend kann das den Energie speicher umfassende Energiesubsystem eine Gewerbeanlage, eine Industrieanlage und/oder eine sonstige technische Anlage sein . As a result, typical local energy producers and energy consumers, that is to say single-family houses and multi-family houses, can advantageously be integrated by the local energy system. Every single-family dwelling or apartment building forms an energy subsystem of the energy system. In particular, single-family houses provide electrical energy by means of a photovoltaic system. Furthermore, some of the single-family houses and / or multi-family houses can each have an energy store which, according to the present invention, can be used effectively and particularly efficiently by other single-family houses and / or multi-family houses of the energy system. In other words, the energy store of one of the single-family houses or multi-family houses can be used for the other single-family houses or multi-family houses of the energy system through the present invention and / or one of its configurations. Alternatively or in addition, the energy subsystem comprising the energy store can be a commercial installation, an industrial installation and / or some other technical installation.
Bevorzugt umfasst das Energiesystem mehrere Energiesubsysteme und ein die Energiesubsysteme elektrisch koppelndes Stromnetz zum Austausch von elektrischer Energie. The energy system preferably comprises a plurality of energy subsystems and a power network that electrically couples the energy subsystems for exchanging electrical energy.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung er geben sich aus den im Folgenden beschriebenen Ausführungsbei spielen sowie anhand der Zeichnung. Dabei zeigt die einzige Figur ein schematisches Schaltbild eines Energiesystems gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung. Further advantages, features and details of the invention he will play from the Ausführungsbei described below and based on the drawing. The single figure shows a schematic circuit diagram of an energy system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Gleichartige, gleichwertige oder gleichwirkende Elemente kön nen in der Figur mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen sein. Die Figur zeigt ein Schaltbild eines Energiesystems 1 gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung beziehungswei se einen lokalen Energiemarkt 10 gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung. Die Figur wird anhand des Bei spiels des lokalen Energiesystems 1 und für elektrische Ener gie erläutert, wobei das Gesagte unmittelbar und eindeutig auf den lokalen Energiemarkt 10 und weitere Energieformen, beispielswiese Wärme und/oder Kälte, übertragbar ist. Identical, equivalent or equivalent elements can be provided with the same reference symbols in the figure. The figure shows a circuit diagram of an energy system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention or a local energy market 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The figure is explained using the example of the local energy system 1 and for electrical energy, with what has been said can be transferred directly and clearly to the local energy market 10 and other forms of energy, for example heat and / or cold.
Das Energiesystem 1 umfasst ein Energiesubsystem 4, bei spielsweise ein Einfamilienwohnahaus , mit einem Energiespei cher 40, beispielsweise einem Batteriespeicher. Ferner um fasst das Energiesystem 1 weitere Energiesubsysteme 5, bei spielsweise weitere Einfamilienwohnhäuser und/oder Mehrfami lienwohnhäuser. Die weiteren Energiesubsysteme 5 können eben falls einen Energiespeicher oder mehrere Energiespeicher, beispielsweise Batteriespeicher, aufweisen. Im Weiteren wird der Fall von elektrischer Energie betrachtet, wobei die vor liegende Erfindung nicht auf elektrische Energie einge schränkt ist und weitere Energieformen, beispielsweise Wärme und/oder Kälte, alternativ oder ergänzend denkbar sind. The energy system 1 comprises an energy subsystem 4, for example a single-family house, with an energy storage device 40, for example a battery storage device. Furthermore, the energy system 1 comprises further energy subsystems 5, for example further single-family houses and / or multi-family houses. The further energy subsystems 5 can also have one energy store or several energy stores, for example battery stores. Furthermore, the case of electrical energy is considered, the present invention not being restricted to electrical energy and other forms of energy, for example heat and / or cold, being alternatively or additionally conceivable.
Das Energiesubsystem 4 und die weiteren Energiesubsysteme 5 sind über ein Stromnetz 7 zum Austausch von elektrischer Energie, das heißt elektrischem Strom oder Strom, gekoppelt. Weiterhin umfasst das Energiesystem 1 eine zentrale Steuer einheit 2 mit einer Datenbank 3. Die Steuereinheit 2 ist kei nem der Energiesubsysteme 4, 5 zugeordnet, sondern diesbezüg lich den Energiesubsystemen 4, 5 übergeordnet und somit be züglich der Energiesubsysteme 4, 5 zentral. Die Steuereinheit 2 bildet in diesem Sinne eine zentrale Koordinationsplattform aus, die die Verteilung der Energie innerhalb des Energiesys tems steuert, regelt und/oder koordiniert. The energy subsystem 4 and the further energy subsystems 5 are coupled via a power grid 7 for the exchange of electrical energy, that is to say electrical current or current. Furthermore, the energy system 1 comprises a central control unit 2 with a database 3. The control unit 2 is not assigned to any of the energy subsystems 4, 5, but is superordinate to the energy subsystems 4, 5 and thus central to the energy subsystems 4, 5. In this sense, the control unit 2 forms a central coordination platform that controls, regulates and / or coordinates the distribution of energy within the energy system.
Das Energiesubsystem 4, welches den Energiespeicher 40 auf weist, umfasst weiterhin eine Photovoltaikanlage 45 und eine elektrische Last 46. Die Photovoltaikanlage erzeugt elektri- sehe Energie (Strom) , die in das Stromnetz 7 eingespeist und/oder mittels des Energiespeichers 40 gespeichert bezie hungsweise zwischengespeichert werden kann. Die Stromeinspei sung ist durch den Pfeil mit dem Bezugszeichen 424 gekenn zeichnet. Weiterhin kann das Energiesubsystem 4 Strom vom Stromnetz 7 beziehen. Dieser Bezug ist durch den Pfeil mit dem Bezugszeichen 423 gekennzeichnet. Die Einspeisung 424 und die Ausspeisung 423 stellen physikalische Ströme dar. Über den Bezug 423 aus dem Stromnetz 7 kann ebenfalls der Energie speicher 40, beispielsweise ein Batteriespeicher, des Ener giesubsystems 4 geladen werden. Eine physikalische Entladung des Energiespeichers 40 kann ebenfalls über das Stromnetz 7 erfolgen und ist mit dem Bezugszeichen 424 gekennzeichnet. The energy subsystem 4, which has the energy store 40, further comprises a photovoltaic system 45 and an electrical load 46. The photovoltaic system generates electrical see energy (electricity) that is fed into the power grid 7 and / or stored or temporarily stored by means of the energy store 40. The power supply is marked by the arrow with the reference numeral 424. Furthermore, the energy subsystem 4 can draw power from the power grid 7. This reference is identified by the arrow with the reference number 423. The infeed 424 and the outfeed 423 represent physical currents. The energy storage 40, for example a battery storage, of the energy subsystem 4 can also be charged via the reference 423 from the power grid 7. A physical discharge of the energy store 40 can also take place via the power grid 7 and is identified with the reference symbol 424.
Das Energiesubsystem 4 umfasst weiterhin eine lokale Messein heit 43 sowie eine lokale Steuereinheit 44. Die lokale Steu ereinheit 44 ist zur lokalen Steuerung des Energiespeichers 40 vorgesehen. Die lokale Steuereinheit 44 ist wiederum mit tels der zentralen Steuereinheit 2 steuerbar, sodass insge samt der Energiespeicher 40 mittels der zentralen Steuerein heit 2 steuerbar ist. The energy subsystem 4 also comprises a local measuring unit 43 and a local control unit 44. The local control unit 44 is provided for the local control of the energy store 40. The local control unit 44 can in turn be controlled by means of the central control unit 2, so that the energy storage device 40 can be controlled overall by means of the central control unit 2.
Die lokale Messeinheit 43 kann Werte physikalischer Größen des Energiespeichers und/oder des Energiesubsystems 4 erfas sen beziehungsweise messen. Weiterhin kann die Messeinheit 43 die erfassten Messgrößen (Messwerte/Messdaten) mittels einer Datenschnittstelle 523 an die zentrale Steuereinheit 2, bei spielsweise zur Speicherung innerhalb der Datenbank 3, über mitteln. Die übermittelten Messdaten können bei einer Opti mierung des Betriebes des Energiesystems 1, die die Steuer einheit 2 durchführt, berücksichtigt werden. Eine entspre chende Datenschnittstelle 523 weisen die weiteren Energiesub systeme 5 auf. Weiterhin weisen die weiteren Energiesubsyste me 5 eine entsprechende Schnittstelle 423 zum Bezug von elektrischer Energie aus dem Stromnetz 7 und 424 zur Einspei sung elektrischer Energie in das Stromnetz 7 auf. Die Steuereinheit 2 ist dazu ausgebildet, die Gesamtkapazität des Energiespeichers 40 in eine erste Teilkapazität 41 und eine zweites Teilkapazität 42 aufzuteilen. Diese virtuelle Aufteilung des Energiespeichers 40 ist in der Figur durch das Bezugszeichen 24 symbolisiert. Ein entsprechender virtueller Strombezug ist durch den Pfeil 421 und eine entsprechende virtuelle Stromabgabe ist durch den Pfeil 422 symbolisiert beziehungsweise gekennzeichnet. Die Aufteilung 24 des Ener giespeichers 40 wird durch die Steuereinheit 2 bei der Opti mierung des Betriebes des Energiesystems 1, insbesondere bei der Optimierung des Betriebs des Energiesubsystems 4, berück sichtigt. Mit anderen Worten sind die erste Teilkapazität 41 und die zweite Teilkapazität 42 Variablen einer Zielfunktion, die optimiert, das heißt minimiert oder maximiert wird. The local measuring unit 43 can detect or measure values of physical variables of the energy store and / or of the energy subsystem 4. Furthermore, the measuring unit 43 can transmit the recorded measured variables (measured values / measured data) to the central control unit 2, for example for storage in the database 3, by means of a data interface 523. The transmitted measurement data can be taken into account when optimizing the operation of the energy system 1, which is carried out by the control unit 2. The further energy sub-systems 5 have a corresponding data interface 523. Furthermore, the further energy subsystems 5 have a corresponding interface 423 for drawing electrical energy from the power grid 7 and 424 for feeding electrical energy into the power grid 7. The control unit 2 is designed to divide the total capacity of the energy store 40 into a first partial capacity 41 and a second partial capacity 42. This virtual division of the energy store 40 is symbolized in the figure by the reference number 24. A corresponding virtual electricity purchase is symbolized or identified by arrow 421 and a corresponding virtual electricity output is symbolized or identified by arrow 422. The division 24 of the energy storage device 40 is taken into account by the control unit 2 when optimizing the operation of the energy system 1, in particular when optimizing the operation of the energy subsystem 4. In other words, the first partial capacity 41 and the second partial capacity 42 are variables of an objective function that is optimized, that is to say is minimized or maximized.
Weiterhin ist die erste Teilkapazität 41 für eine interne Verwendung und die zweite Teilkapazität 42 für eine externe Verwendung in Bezug auf das Energiesubsystem 4 vorgesehen.Furthermore, the first partial capacitance 41 is provided for internal use and the second partial capacitance 42 is provided for external use in relation to the energy subsystem 4.
Mit anderen Worten ist der mittels der zweiten Teilkapazität 42 gekennzeichnete Strom des Energiespeichers 40 für die wei teren Energiesubsysteme 5 vorgesehen. Der mittels der ersten Teilkapazität 41 gekennzeichnete elektrische Strom ist für die interne Verwendung, das heißt für die Verwendung inner halb des Energiesubsystems 4 (Eigenverbrauch) vorgesehen. Dadurch kann vorteilhafterweise eine Trennung beziehungsweise Kennzeichnung bezüglich interner und externer Verwendung des mittels des Energiespeichers 40 gespeicherten Strom erfolgen. Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt hierbei die Aufteilung 24 nicht a priori, ad hoc, manuell und/oder fest, sondern diese wird durch die Steuereinheit 2 möglichst optimal ermittelt bezie hungsweise berechnet. Das ist deshalb der Fall, da die erste Teilkapazität 41 und die zweite Teilkapazität 42 als Variab len bei der Optimierung berücksichtigt werden. Als Nebenbe dingung ist hierbei vorgesehen, dass die Summe der Teilkapa zitäten 41, 42 die Gesamtkapazität, das heißt die physikali sche Gesamtkapazität des Energiespeichers 40, ergibt. Dadurch ermöglicht die vorliegende Erfindung vorteilhafterweise einen bezüglich der internen und der externen Verwendung gemischten Betrieb des Energiespeichers 40, der möglichst optimal ist. Somit kann für den lokalen Energiemarkt 10 eine Eigenver brauchsoptimierung sowie eine marktseitige Optimierung des Energiespeichers 40 durchgeführt werden. Insbesondere ergibt sich für den lokalen Energiemarkt 10 eine größere Flexibili tät . In other words, the current of the energy store 40 identified by means of the second partial capacitance 42 is provided for the further energy subsystems 5. The electrical current identified by means of the first partial capacitance 41 is intended for internal use, that is to say for use within the energy subsystem 4 (internal consumption). As a result, a separation or identification with regard to internal and external use of the current stored by means of the energy store 40 can advantageously take place. According to the invention, the division 24 does not take place a priori, ad hoc, manual and / or fixed, but is determined or calculated as optimally as possible by the control unit 2. This is the case because the first partial capacitance 41 and the second partial capacitance 42 are taken into account as variables in the optimization. As a secondary condition, it is provided here that the sum of the partial capacities 41, 42 results in the total capacity, that is to say the total physical capacity of the energy store 40. As a result, the present invention advantageously enables a mixed use in terms of internal and external use Operation of the energy store 40, which is as optimal as possible. Thus, for the local energy market 10, self-consumption optimization and an optimization of the energy store 40 on the market side can be carried out. In particular, there is greater flexibility for the local energy market 10.
Mittels der zentralen Datenbank 3 kann weiterhin der tatsäch liche Betrieb der Energiesubsysteme 4, 5, beispielsweise an hand von Messdaten, die mittels der Messeinheit 43 erfasst und mittels der Datenschnittstelle 400 beziehungsweise 523 an die zentrale Steuereinheit 2 beziehungsweise die Datenbank 3 übermittelt worden sind, überprüft werden. Somit kann eben falls eine Kontrolle über den gemäß der zentralen Steuerein heit 2 berechneten und bestimmten optimalen Betrieb der Ener giesubsysteme 4, 5 erfolgen. The central database 3 can also be used to check the actual operation of the energy subsystems 4, 5, for example on the basis of measurement data recorded by the measuring unit 43 and transmitted to the central control unit 2 or the database 3 via the data interface 400 or 523 become. Thus, a control of the optimal operation of the energy subsystems 4, 5 calculated and determined according to the central control unit 2 can also take place.
Die optimale Berechnung der Teilkapazitäten 41, 42 mittels der Steuereinheit 2 ist typischerweise zeitabhängig. Mit an deren Worten ist die Aufteilung 24 des Energiespeichers 40 in die erste und zweite Teilkapazität 41, 42 typischerweise zeitlich dynamisch. Somit wird die Aufteilung flexibel auf die Energieflüsse innerhalb des Energiesystems optimiert. Beispielsweise ist ein Zeitschritt der Optimierung eine Stun de, eine Viertelstunde oder ein kürzerer Zeitbereich. Die verwendeten Zeitschritte können vom Optimierungshorizont, das heißt von dem Zeitraum der gesamtheitlich bei der Optimierung betrachtet wird, beispielsweise ein Jahr oder ein Tag (eng lisch: Day-Ahead) , abhängen. The optimal calculation of the partial capacitances 41, 42 by means of the control unit 2 is typically time-dependent. In other words, the division 24 of the energy store 40 into the first and second partial capacitance 41, 42 is typically dynamic over time. The distribution is thus flexibly optimized for the energy flows within the energy system. For example, a time step of the optimization is an hour, a quarter of an hour or a shorter time range. The time steps used can depend on the optimization horizon, i.e. on the period that is considered as a whole during the optimization, for example a year or a day (English: day-ahead).
Die Erfindung ermöglicht somit einen gemischten Betrieb des Energiespeichers 40 in Bezug auf die interne und externe Ver wendung der gespeicherten Energie, sodass sowohl der interne Betrieb als auch der externe und insgesamt der Betrieb des lokalen Energiemarktes Betrieb verbessert werden. The invention thus enables mixed operation of the energy store 40 with regard to the internal and external use of the stored energy, so that both the internal operation and the external and overall operation of the local energy market are improved.
Obwohl die Erfindung im Detail durch die bevorzugten Ausfüh rungsbeispiele näher illustriert und beschrieben wurde, so ist die Erfindung nicht durch die offenbarten Beispiele ein geschränkt oder andere Variationen können vom Fachmann hie raus abgeleitet werden, ohne den Schutzumfang der Erfindung zu verlassen. Although the invention has been illustrated and described in more detail by the preferred Ausfüh approximately examples, so the invention is not restricted by the examples disclosed, or other variations can be derived therefrom by the person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.
Bezugszeichenliste List of reference symbols
1 Energiesystem 1 energy system
2 zentrale Steuereinheit 2 central control unit
3 Datenbank 3 database
4 Energiesubsystem 4 energy subsystem
5 weitere Energiesubsysteme 5 other energy subsystems
10 Lokaler Energiemarkt 10 Local energy market
24 Aufteilung der Gesamtspeicherkapazität 40 Energiespeieher 24 Distribution of the total storage capacity 40 energy stores
41 erste Teilkapazität 41 first partial capacity
42 zweite Teilkapazität 42 second partial capacity
43 lokale Messeinheit 43 local measuring unit
44 lokale Steuereinheit 44 local control unit
45 Photovoltaikanlage 45 photovoltaic system
4 6 elektrische Last 4 6 electrical load
42 1 Virtueller Strombezug 42 1 Virtual electricity consumption
422 Virtuelle Sromabgabe 422 Virtual power delivery
423 Physikalischer Strombezug 423 Physical electricity consumption
424 Physikalische Stromabgabe 424 Physical power output
523 Datenschnittstelle 523 data interface

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Energiesystem (1), umfassend eine zentrale Steuereinheit (2) und wenigstens ein Energiesubsystem (4), wobei das Ener giesubsystem (4) einen Energiespeicher (40) mit einer Gesamt speicherkapazität umfasst, und die Steuereinheit (2) wenigs tens zur Steuerung des Energiespeichers (40) basierend auf einer Optimierung ausgebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gesamtspeicherkapazität des Energiespeichers (40) durch die Steuereinheit (2) für die Optimierung in eine erste Teilspeicherkapazität (41) und eine zweite Teilspeicherkapa zität (42) unterteilbar ist, wobei die erste Teilspeicherka pazität (41) für eine bezüglich des Energiesubsystems (4) in terne Verwendung und die zweite Teilspeicherkapazität (42) für eine bezüglich des Energiesubsystems (4) externe Verwen dung vorgesehen ist. 1. Energy system (1), comprising a central control unit (2) and at least one energy subsystem (4), wherein the energy subsystem (4) comprises an energy store (40) with a total storage capacity, and the control unit (2) at least for control of the energy store (40) is formed based on an optimization, characterized in that the total storage capacity of the energy store (40) can be subdivided by the control unit (2) for the optimization into a first partial storage capacity (41) and a second partial storage capacity (42), wherein the first partial storage capacity (41) for internal use with respect to the energy subsystem (4) and the second partial storage capacity (42) for external use with respect to the energy subsystem (4).
2. Energiesystem (1) gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich net, dass die erste und zweite Teilspeicherkapazität (41, 42) Variablen der Optimierung sind. 2. Energy system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second partial storage capacity (41, 42) are variables of the optimization.
3. Energiesystem (1) gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn zeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (2) dazu ausgebildet ist ein Laden und/oder ein Entladen des Energiespeichers (4) basie rend auf einer Lösung der Optimierung zu steuern. 3. Energy system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control unit (2) is designed to control charging and / or discharging of the energy store (4) based on a solution of the optimization.
4. Energiesystem (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü che, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieses eine Datenschnitt stelle (523) zum Übertragen von Datencontainern zwischen dem Energiesubsystem (4) und der Steuereinheit (2) umfasst, wobei die Daten der übertragenen Datencontainer wenigstens teilwei se bei der Optimierung durch die Steuereinheit (2) berück sichtigbar sind. 4. Energy system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a data interface (523) for transferring data containers between the energy subsystem (4) and the control unit (2), the data of the transferred data container at least partially se can be taken into account during optimization by the control unit (2).
5. Energiesystem (1) gemäß Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeich net, dass dieses eine Datenbank (3) zum Speichern und/oder Lesen der mittels der Datenschnittstelle (523) ausgetauschten Datencontainer umfasst. 5. Energy system (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises a database (3) for storing and / or reading the data containers exchanged by means of the data interface (523).
6. Energiesystem (1) gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeich net, dass die Datenbank (3) mittels einer Blockkette ausge bildet ist. 6. Energy system (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the database (3) is formed out by means of a block chain.
7. Energiesystem (1) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Energiesubsystem (4) eine Messeinheit (43) zum Erfassen physikalischer Messgrößen des Energiespeichers (40) umfasst, wobei mittels der Messeinheit (44) die erfassten Messgrößen mittels Datencontainer über die Datenschnittschnittstelle (523) zur Steuereinheit (2) über tragbar sind. 7. Energy system (1) according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the energy subsystem (4) comprises a measuring unit (43) for detecting physical measured variables of the energy store (40), the measured variables being measured by means of the measuring unit (44) Data container via the data interface (523) to the control unit (2) are portable.
8. Energiesystem (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü che, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das den Energiespeicher (40) umfassende Energiesubsystem (4) ein Einfamilienwohnhaus oder Mehrfamilienwohnhaus ist. 8. Energy system (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy subsystem (4) comprising the energy store (40) is a single-family dwelling or multi-family dwelling.
9. Energiesystem (1) gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü che, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieses mehrere Energiesub systeme (4, 5) und ein die Energiesubsysteme (4, 5) 9. energy system (1) according to one of the preceding Ansprü surface, characterized in that this several energy sub-systems (4, 5) and the energy sub-systems (4, 5)
elektrisch koppelndes Stromnetz (7) zum Austausch von electrically coupling power network (7) for exchanging
elektrischer Energie umfasst. includes electrical energy.
10. Lokaler Energiemarkt (10), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieser ein Energiesystem (1) gemäß Anspruch 9 umfasst, und mittels des Stromnetzes (7) elektrische Energie zwischen den Energiesubsystemen (4, 5) gemäß der Optimierung austauschbar ist, wobei durch die Optimierung an die Steuereinheit (2) übermittelte Angebote und/oder Gebote der Energiesubsysteme (4, 5) bezüglich ihres Verbrauchs und/oder Bereitstellung an elektrischer Energie berücksichtigbar sind. 10. Local energy market (10), characterized in that it comprises an energy system (1) according to claim 9, and by means of the power grid (7) electrical energy between the energy subsystems (4, 5) can be exchanged according to the optimization, with the optimization Offers and / or bids of the energy subsystems (4, 5) transmitted to the control unit (2) can be taken into account with regard to their consumption and / or provision of electrical energy.
11. Lokaler Energiemarkt (10), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Angebote und/oder Gebote an die Steuereinheit (2) mittels Peer-to-Peer und/oder mittels Blockkette übermittelbar sind. 11. Local energy market (10), characterized in that the offers and / or bids can be transmitted to the control unit (2) by means of peer-to-peer and / or by means of a block chain.
12. Lokaler Energiemarkt (10), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens das den Energiespeicher (40) umfassende Energie subsystem (4) zur Übermittlung eines Angebotes für die Spei cherung von elektrischer Energie mittels des Energiespeichers (40) an die Steuereinheit (2) ausgebildet ist. 12. Local energy market (10), characterized in that at least the energy subsystem (4) comprising the energy store (40) is designed to transmit an offer for the storage of electrical energy by means of the energy store (40) to the control unit (2) .
13. Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Energiesystems (1), wobei das Energiesystem (1) wenigstens ein Energiesubsystem (4) und ei ne zentrale Steuereinheit (2) umfasst, und das Energiesubsys tem (4) einen Energiespeicher (40) mit einer Gesamtspeicher- kapazität aufweist, wobei die Steuereinheit (2) den Energie speicher basierend auf einer Optimierung steuert, gekenn zeichnet dadurch, dass die Gesamtspeicherkapazität des Ener giespeichers (40) durch die Steuereinheit (2) für die Opti mierung in eine erste Teilspeicherkapazität (41) und eine zweite Teilspeicherkapazität (42) unterteilt wird, wobei die erste Teilspeicherkapazität (41) für eine bezüglich des Ener giesubsystems (4) interne Verwendung und die zweite Teilspei cherkapazität (42) für eine bezüglich des Energiesubsystems (40) externe Verwendung verwendet wird. 13. A method for operating an energy system (1), wherein the energy system (1) comprises at least one energy subsystem (4) and a central control unit (2), and the energy subsystem (4) comprises an energy store (40) with a total storage capacity wherein the control unit (2) controls the energy storage based on an optimization, characterized in that the total storage capacity of the energy storage (40) by the control unit (2) for the optimization in a first partial storage capacity (41) and a second Partial storage capacity (42) is divided, the first partial storage capacity (41) being used for internal use with respect to the energy subsystem (4) and the second partial storage capacity (42) being used for external use with respect to the energy subsystem (40).
14. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 13, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass die Steuereinheit (2) ein Laden und/oder ein Entladen des Energiespeichers (40) basierend auf einer Lösung der Optimie rung steuert. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the control unit (2) controls charging and / or discharging of the energy store (40) based on a solution to the optimization.
15. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 13 oder 14, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass das Energiesystem (1) mehrere Energiesubsysteme (4, 5) aufweist, wobei die Steuereinheit (2) basierend auf der Optimierung den Austausch an elektrischer Energie zwi schen den Energiesubsystemen (4, 5) unter Berücksichtigung der Aufteilung des Energiespeichers (40) in die erste und zweite Teilkapazität (41, 42) steuert. 15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the energy system (1) has several energy subsystems (4, 5), wherein the control unit (2) based on the optimization, the exchange of electrical energy between the energy subsystems (4, 5 ) taking into account the division of the energy store (40) into the first and second partial capacitance (41, 42).
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