EP3900153A1 - Procédé et dispositif de détection de corps étrangers électriquement conducteurs lors de la transmission d'énergie inductive - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de détection de corps étrangers électriquement conducteurs lors de la transmission d'énergie inductive

Info

Publication number
EP3900153A1
EP3900153A1 EP18833421.3A EP18833421A EP3900153A1 EP 3900153 A1 EP3900153 A1 EP 3900153A1 EP 18833421 A EP18833421 A EP 18833421A EP 3900153 A1 EP3900153 A1 EP 3900153A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
resonant circuit
current
primary coil
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP18833421.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mike Böttigheimer
Nejila Parspour
Stefanie HERMANN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universitaet Stuttgart
Original Assignee
Universitaet Stuttgart
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universitaet Stuttgart filed Critical Universitaet Stuttgart
Publication of EP3900153A1 publication Critical patent/EP3900153A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/60—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
    • B60L53/124—Detection or removal of foreign bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for detecting electrically conductive foreign bodies in the inductive energy transmission between a primary coil and a secondary coil, in particular in the case of inductive charging processes, in which at least one
  • the invention also relates to a device which is designed to carry out the method.
  • Inductive energy transmission is a contactless transmission technology that can be used, for example, to charge the battery of an electric vehicle.
  • the primary coil is in the floor of a parking space and the secondary coil is on the underbody of the vehicle.
  • the advantage of such a charging system is that no charging cable has to be inserted manually and the components of the
  • inductive transmission links do not take up space above ground and are not at risk of vandalism.
  • metallic foreign objects such as coins can easily get into the transmission field.
  • Electrically conductive foreign bodies are heated in an alternating magnetic field by induced eddy currents and magnetic reversal. The degree of heating depends on the electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of the object as well as the magnetic flux density and the frequency of the field. By heating such a foreign body, there is a risk that people on
  • Sensor coils are recognized. However, camera and lighting systems get dirty easily. Weight measurement is disturbed by rain or snow and is too imprecise for small objects. Temperature monitoring can also be disturbed by environmental influences and also only detects a foreign body when it is already very hot. Measurable properties in the primary coil change only slightly with small foreign bodies. The detection is therefore too imprecise and unreliable for small objects.
  • DE 10 2012 218 589 A1 discloses a charging device for charging the energy store of a portable electrical device, in which a sensor coil arrangement with at least one sensor coil is used within the transmission path, from whose frequency or phase detuning can be determined whether an electrical conductive foreign body is located within the transmission path.
  • the sensor coil is connected between a reference potential and the first input of a synchronous rectifier, the second input of which is connected to the resonance circuit for the excitation of the primary coil. Due to the synchronous rectifier there is a phase difference between the synchronous rectifier and the synchronous rectifier.
  • Resonant circuit and the sensor coil can be determined. With this method, however, only foreign bodies can be detected that generate a power loss greater than approx. 1% of the nominal power. This makes it suitable
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for
  • the task is with the procedure and the
  • At least one sensor coil is placed between the primary coil and the
  • the primary coil, secondary coil and sensor coil are each to be understood as components which are formed from at least one winding or conductor loop of a current conductor.
  • the sensor coil is provided with at least one
  • a sensor resonant circuit which is based on the excitation frequency of the Primary coil is matched.
  • This excitation frequency is determined in a known manner using a suitable one
  • Control circuit for the primary coil set thus includes
  • the sensor coil as well as the capacitance, which are selected to suit the excitation frequency of the primary coil.
  • the inductance of the sensor coil is significantly smaller than the inductance of the
  • Primary coil selected, preferably by a factor of at least 5 and particularly preferably of at least 30 smaller than the inductance of the primary coil. A phase position of the detected current in the sensor resonant circuit with respect to a reference signal is then used to determine whether between the primary coil and the secondary coil
  • Metallic or other electrically conductive foreign bodies influence the behavior of coupled coils by changing the coupling factor and the self-inductances and thus on the amplitude and phase position of the current in the
  • the phase position of the current also changes in comparison to a reference signal, for example the voltage at the primary coil.
  • a reference signal for example the voltage at the primary coil.
  • the amount of the phase position or the phase shift relative to the reference signal moves outside of a predeterminable one
  • Transmission path and energy transmission is preferably interrupted.
  • the proposed device comprises at least one sensor coil, which is arranged above the primary coil is, preferably at a distance of more than 1mm and less than 5cm and below the upper edge of the
  • the sensor coil is
  • the evaluation device is designed such that it detects the current in the sensor resonant circuit and from a phase position of the
  • the method and the device also allow an adaptation to a change in the working point in the primary circuit with the primary coil by the
  • Detection device consisting of sensor resonant circuit and evaluation device after each change of
  • a phase shift detected during this calibration between the current in the sensor resonant circuit and the reference signal is then compensated for or taken into account in the evaluation when subsequent detection processes are carried out.
  • the compensation can take place, for example, via a delay element for the detected current signal.
  • the phase shift detected during the calibration can also be carried out in a controller
  • Evaluation device can be subtracted from the phase position of the current detected during the detection in the sensor resonant circuit.
  • Another possibility of compensation is to suitably adjust the capacitance in the resonant circuit sensor. This can, for example.
  • the senor resonant circuit is connected to a cascade of capacitances which can be switched on individually or in groups.
  • the calibration thus results in an offset adjustment to the in usually existing phase offset between current and voltage in the primary circuit.
  • the voltage curve in the primary circuit in particular the voltage at the primary coil, and the input voltage of the
  • Primary coil or the primary circuit is based on a PWM signal (PWM: pulse width modulation), this PWM signal is preferably used as a reference signal.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • Sensor coils distributed over the surface of the primary coil or to be arranged at defined positions over this surface. Crossings of the sensor coils are also possible. Each sensor coil is in turn connected with at least one capacitance to form a sensor resonant circuit that is based on the excitation frequency of the
  • Phase positions of the current in comparison to the reference signal and the positions of the respective sensor coils can also be the approximate position of a detected one
  • the foreign body can be determined.
  • the foreign body is closest to the sensor coil with the greatest phase shift compared to the reference signal
  • Triangulation or similar techniques based on the phase shifts recorded and the Positions of the individual sensor coils can be performed.
  • the proposed method and the associated device are particularly suitable for the detection of foreign bodies in the automotive sector, since they are independent of the
  • Detection sensitivity is very high and independent of the operating point of the energy transmission path.
  • Sensitivity of detection is also independent of the nominal transmission power over a wide range.
  • the method and the device are particularly suitable for applications with high transmission powers, but can of course also be used for applications with lower transmission powers if required.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a
  • Fig. 3 shows a circuit diagram to illustrate the energy transmission and detection in the proposed method and the proposed device
  • Fig. 4 shows an example of the comparison with
  • Fig. 5 shows an example of the comparison result in FIG. 5 without (partial illustration A) and with (partial illustration B) foreign bodies in the transmission path;
  • Fig. 6 shows an example of a measurement of the
  • Fig. 7 shows two examples of the geometry of
  • the primary coil 1 is, for example, in the floor of a parking space and the secondary coil 2 is on the underbody of the vehicle 3
  • these are formed as compensated conductor loops, which are preferably placed in the area enclosed by the primary coil 1 or above this area.
  • the sensor coils 5 are each with a
  • Capacitance connected to a resonant circuit, which is tuned to the excitation frequency of the primary coil 1, and therefore coupled to the primary coil 1.
  • the transmission field indicated by the magnetic field lines in FIG. 2 induces a voltage in each of the conductor loops or sensor coils 5, as a result of which currents are formed which are in each case detected by a current transformer.
  • the detection and evaluation device 6 is also indicated in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows an electrical circuit diagram for an embodiment of such a transmission link.
  • the primary circuit contains the primary coil Li and one
  • Capacity Ci s The voltage U N on the primary side is set by an inverter, which preferably works with pulse width or pulse width modulation.
  • the energy transfer takes place by coupling the
  • FIG. 3 also shows the proposed one
  • this phase position is recorded in relation to a reference signal.
  • the PWM signal of the inverter is preferably used as the reference signal for driving the primary circuit
  • the proposed device is calibrated so that the phase angle between the voltage (PWM signal) in the primary circuit and the current in the sensor circuit is 0 ° in a state without foreign bodies. This can be done via a delay element in the line path of the tapped current signal.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a comparison of the two signals, ie the PWM signal (PWM) and the current signal (SENS) after prior calibration. It can be seen from the figure that the detected current signal in this example is firstly compared with a comparator 7 Binary signal and then using the delay element 8 (delay) compared to the PWM signal to a phase angle of 0 °.
  • the XOR comparison of the two signals gives a value of 0 if there is no foreign body in the transmission path.
  • FIG. 5A shows the PWM signal, the SENS signal and the XOR signal at the phase angle of 0 ° and the duty cycle of 0%. If there is a foreign body within the transmission path, an amount of the phase angle of 0 ° and also a duty cycle of 0% are obtained, as is indicated by way of example in FIG. 5B, which in turn shows the three signals of FIG. 5A.
  • offset depends on the phase angle on the primary side for G ⁇ ih and can be calibrated out in various ways with the proposed method three variants are given below.
  • the sensor resonant circuit is expanded with the help of an x - stage cascade of capacitors that can be switched on individually or in groups. With this cascade it is possible, depending on the operating or working point in the primary circuit, to set the sensor resonant circuit so that no offset occurs.
  • the offset of the phase angle cjp ensor of the current in the sensor resonant circuit can also be compared to the
  • Voltage in the sensor resonant circuit can be measured as a reference signal. This process is complete
  • Figure 6 shows an example of a measurement with a rectangular sensor winding with dimensions of 2x20cm, in which different one after the other
  • FIG. 6 shows the measured phase shift on the y-axis and indicates the different foreign bodies on the x-axis with the numbers 1 to 15, the lateral dimensions of which are also indicated in the figure.
  • the figure shows that the amount of the phase shift of the current in the
  • FIG. 7 shows, by way of example in partial illustration A, a simple geometry of the sensor winding of a sensor coil 5 and in partial illustration B a more complex geometry of a sensor coil 5, as can be used in the proposed method and the associated device.
  • the proposed method reacts to the change in inductance of the sensor coil by the
  • Suitable geometries of the sensor coils 5 can lower the inductance of the sensor winding without the
  • Figure 7B shows one
  • Areas also have, for example, circular or elliptical shapes.
  • the sensor winding or sensor coil is in the preferred application in which the primary coil
  • the primary coil is usually located under a cover.
  • the sensor coil is preferably as close as possible to the surface of this cover integrated or attached to be as close as possible to foreign objects lying on the cover.
  • the sensor resonant circuit with the sensor coil can be completely potential-free
  • the method and the device enable a very precise detection of metallic foreign bodies.
  • the phase position with respect to a passive winding results in a significantly higher change than if the phase position in energy
  • the separate resonant circuit is more sensitive than other changes in measured values on the sensor winding.
  • the position of the metallic foreign body can also be determined by arranging a plurality of sensor coils with corresponding resonant circuits, for example in the form of an array.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de détection de corps étrangers électriquement conducteurs lors de la transmission d'énergie inductive entre une bobine primaire (1) et une bobine secondaire (2). Selon l'invention, au moins une bobine de capteur (5) est disposée entre la bobine primaire (1) et la bobine secondaire (2) et un courant qui circule dans la bobine de capteur (5) pendant la transmission d'énergie en raison de la tension induite est détecté et interprété. La bobine de capteur (5) est ici connectée à au moins une capacité pour former un circuit oscillant qui est accordé à la fréquence d'excitation de la bobine primaire (1). La présence de corps étrangers électriquement conducteurs (4) entre la bobine primaire (1) et la bobine secondaire (2) est alors déterminée à partir de la position de phase du courant dans le circuit oscillant par rapport à un signal de référence. Le procédé et le dispositif permettent d'obtenir une sensibilité élevée, même aux corps étrangers électriquement conducteurs de petite taille dans le trajet de transmission d'énergie.
EP18833421.3A 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 Procédé et dispositif de détection de corps étrangers électriquement conducteurs lors de la transmission d'énergie inductive Pending EP3900153A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2018/086201 WO2020125994A1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 Procédé et dispositif de détection de corps étrangers électriquement conducteurs lors de la transmission d'énergie inductive

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3900153A1 true EP3900153A1 (fr) 2021-10-27

Family

ID=65013660

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18833421.3A Pending EP3900153A1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 Procédé et dispositif de détection de corps étrangers électriquement conducteurs lors de la transmission d'énergie inductive

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US11894696B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3900153A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020125994A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5729143A (en) 1996-06-03 1998-03-17 Zircon Corporation Metal detector with nulling of imbalance
US8446046B2 (en) 2008-10-03 2013-05-21 Access Business Group International Llc Power system
JP2013192391A (ja) * 2012-03-14 2013-09-26 Sony Corp 検知装置、受電装置、送電装置及び非接触給電システム
JP5976385B2 (ja) 2012-05-07 2016-08-23 ソニー株式会社 検知装置、受電装置、送電装置及び非接触給電システム
US9726518B2 (en) * 2012-07-13 2017-08-08 Qualcomm Incorporated Systems, methods, and apparatus for detection of metal objects in a predetermined space
DE102012218589B4 (de) 2012-10-12 2022-08-04 Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH Ladevorrichtung zur Ladung des Energiespeichers eines tragbaren elektrischen Geräts
CN107257167B (zh) 2014-05-27 2020-01-21 松下知识产权经营株式会社 送电装置以及无线电力传输系统
US10302795B2 (en) * 2014-12-30 2019-05-28 Witricity Corporation Systems, methods, and apparatus for detecting ferromagnetic foreign objects in a predetermined space
DE102017214603B4 (de) * 2017-08-22 2024-05-23 Universität Stuttgart Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Detektion von elektrisch leitfähigen Fremdkörpern bei der induktiven Energieübertragung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11894696B2 (en) 2024-02-06
WO2020125994A1 (fr) 2020-06-25
US20220029470A1 (en) 2022-01-27

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