EP3899487A1 - Partikelsensor und betriebsverfahren hierfür - Google Patents
Partikelsensor und betriebsverfahren hierfürInfo
- Publication number
- EP3899487A1 EP3899487A1 EP19832910.4A EP19832910A EP3899487A1 EP 3899487 A1 EP3899487 A1 EP 3899487A1 EP 19832910 A EP19832910 A EP 19832910A EP 3899487 A1 EP3899487 A1 EP 3899487A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particle sensor
- control signal
- particles
- particle
- asc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge
- H01T19/04—Devices providing for corona discharge having pointed electrodes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/28—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a plasma reactor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/05—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a particulate sensor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0003—Determining electric mobility, velocity profile, average speed or velocity of a plurality of particles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N2015/0042—Investigating dispersion of solids
- G01N2015/0046—Investigating dispersion of solids in gas, e.g. smoke
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
- G01N27/68—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using electric discharge to ionise a gas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T23/00—Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. into the atmosphere
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the disclosure relates to a particle sensor with a particle charging device for charging particles in a fluid stream.
- the disclosure further relates to an operating method for such
- Preferred embodiments relate to a particle sensor with a particle charging device for charging particles in a fluid stream, the particle charging device having a corona electrode for generating a corona discharge, and the particle sensor being designed to apply a pulsed control signal to the corona electrode.
- the pulsed control signal avoids an undesirably strong influence on charged particles, in particular by means of the particle charging device, of electrically charged particles.
- Embodiments are avoided by the pulsed control signal to unnecessarily influence a trajectory of the charged particles by the corona discharge, which could possibly influence the determination of information about the charged particles or particles.
- the control signal is particularly preferably selected in further embodiments such that individual pulses of the control signal each result in a (likewise pulsed) corona discharge in the area of the corona electrode, which however, is not maintained due to the pulsed drive signal. Rather, the named corona discharge ends when a corresponding pulse of the control signal ends.
- an ignition frequency of the corona discharge can correspond to the pulse frequency of the pulsed control signal (and an ignition duration or burning duration of the corona discharge can generally correspond to the pulse width of individual pulses of the control signal).
- a sufficient number of ions can advantageously be generated by means of the pulsed corona discharge in order to electrically charge particles of the fluid flow, without, however, significantly influencing a trajectory of the charged particles by the corona discharge.
- the fluid flow can be an exhaust gas flow from an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
- the particles can be soot particles, such as those that arise during the combustion of fuel by an internal combustion engine.
- the principle according to the embodiments can be used both for sensing and as a solid
- trained particles e.g. soot particles, as they are contained in an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine
- liquid particles e.g. aerosol
- Particle sensor has a sensor unit for determining information about charged particles, in particular about particles charged by means of the particle charging device, the sensor unit in particular being designed to determine the information about charged particles by means of the principle of influence and / or by means of the escaping current principle.
- the sensor unit has at least one sensing electrode, which is preferably arranged downstream of the particle charging device with respect to the fluid flow. Particles which are electrically charged by means of the particle charging device move past the sensing electrode, as a result of which a corresponding electrical signal results from the sensing electrode due to influence. The signal can are evaluated in order to obtain information about a number and / or concentration of the particles or the like in the fluid stream.
- the system containing the particle sensor or at least some components of the particle sensor can face the outside (or in relation to a target system into which the Particle sensor or the components are or will be installed) are electrically isolated, and an electrical current is measured, which the charged particles carry out in the form of their electrical charge from the otherwise electrically insulated and therefore closed system.
- the electrical current under consideration can flow from the corona electrode through the
- Corona discharge flows into a counter electrode, and an optional trap electrode captures remaining ions (which, for example, did not contribute to the electrical charging of particles), which were generated by the corona discharge.
- the current which is generated by the charged particles must be added to the counterelectrode again so that their electrical potential remains constant, for example equal to a first predefinable reference potential such as the ground potential. This current is known as the "escaping current" and is a measure of the concentration of charged particles.
- the counter electrode can therefore be e.g. can also be seen as a virtual ground electrode.
- Particle charging device which can be used for electrically charging the particles, but the trajectory of the charged particles is not essential or to a lesser extent - compared to a stationary corona discharge.
- Control signal has pulses with a maximum pulse width of 10 ms or less, preferably 3 ms or less. This also enables reliable electrical charging of the particles, but the trajectory of the charged particles is influenced to an even lesser extent than with larger pulse widths.
- a minimum pulse width of the pulses of the drive signal is 10 microseconds, ps, or more. This advantageously ensures that a sufficient number of ions are generated by means of the pulsed corona discharge in order to bring about a reliable electrical charging of particles in the fluid stream.
- a minimum pulse width of the pulses of the drive signal is 100 ps or more, preferably 1000 ps or more.
- Pulse pause between two successive pulses of the control signal is greater than a flight time of particles through a charging zone in the area of the corona discharge.
- Particle sensor is designed to determine a first variable and / or to receive it from an external unit, the first variable being a
- the operation of the particle sensor and / or the particle charging device can be controlled particularly precisely, in particular adapted to the speed of the particles in the fluid flow.
- the particle sensor or the particle charging device and / or a control device assigned to it or itself can determine the first variable.
- the particle sensor or the particle charging device and / or a control device assigned to it or it can receive the first variable from the external unit.
- the external unit can be, for example, a control unit of the target system, for example a control unit of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, in the exhaust tract of which the particle sensor can be used.
- Particle sensor is designed to determine at least one of the following elements depending on the first variable: a) a minimum pulse width of the pulses of the control signal, b) a maximum pulse width of the pulses of the
- the particle sensor in particular being designed to use the corona electrode as a function of the determined element or elements
- Velocity of the particles in the fluid flow that is, for example, to a current exhaust gas velocity of an internal combustion engine to which the particle sensor is assigned.
- a maximum pulse width of the control signal for the corona electrode for generating the corona discharge can be chosen to be comparatively small, because the particles to be electrically charged by means of the particle charging device remain in the area of influence of the electric field for a comparatively long time the corona electrode, which could undesirably distract them.
- a maximum pulse width of the control signal for the corona electrode for generating the corona discharge can be selected to be comparatively large because the particles are comparatively short in the area of influence of the electrical field of the corona electrode, so that they can be deflected less strongly as a result.
- the particle charging device has a corona electrode for generating a corona discharge, the particle sensor acting on the corona electrode with a pulsed control signal.
- the pulsed control signal has one or more pulses with a predefinable pulse width and / or predefinable pulse pauses between successive pulses, which also, e.g.
- Control signal pulses with a maximum pulse width of 100 milliseconds, ms, or less, in particular 10 ms or less, preferably 3 ms or less, and / or wherein a minimum pulse width of the pulses of
- Drive signal is 10 microseconds, ps, or more, especially 100 ps or more, preferably 1000 ps or more.
- Particle sensor determines a first variable and / or receives it from an external unit, the first variable characterizing a speed of the particles in the fluid flow, the particle sensor in particular
- Control signal in particular a time profile of the control signal, determined as a function of the first variable.
- Corona current which is used to generate the corona electrode
- Corona discharge is supplied as a function of a speed of the fluid flow and / or one or the pulse width and / or as a function of a pulse pause between two successive pulses.
- Further preferred embodiments relate to the use of the particle sensor according to the embodiments and / or the method according to the embodiments to determine information relating to particles (e.g. particle concentration, number of particles) in an exhaust gas stream
- trained particles e.g. soot particles, as they are contained in an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine
- liquid particles e.g. aerosol
- Figure 1 schematically shows a side view of a particle sensor according to
- Figure 2 schematically shows a side view of a particle sensor according to
- FIG. 3 schematically shows the arrangement of the particle sensor according to FIG. 2
- Figure 4 schematically shows a side view of details of a particle sensor
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a control signal according to other preferred
- FIG. 6 schematically shows a transit time of particles according to further preferred embodiments
- FIG. 7A schematically shows a simplified flow diagram of a method according to preferred embodiments
- FIG. 7B schematically shows a simplified flow diagram of a method according to further preferred embodiments
- FIG. 8 schematically shows a block diagram of a control device according to further preferred embodiments.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a side view of a particle sensor 100 according to preferred embodiments.
- the particle sensor 100 has one
- Particle charging device 110 which is designed to electrically charge particles P of a fluid stream A1, as a result of which charged particles P 'are obtained.
- the particle charging device 110 has a corona electrode 112 for at least temporarily generating a corona discharge 114.
- the particle sensor 100 is designed to apply a pulsed control signal ASC to the corona electrode 112, which leads to a corona discharge 114 (“pulsed corona discharge”) on the corona electrode 112 only temporarily, in particular in accordance with the pulse pattern of the control signal ASC builds up.
- the fluid flow A1 can be an exhaust gas flow (or a part of the exhaust gas flow) of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
- the particles P, P ′′ can be soot particles, such as those that arise during the combustion of fuel by an internal combustion engine.
- the principle according to the embodiments can be used both for sensing particles formed as solids (e.g.
- Soot particles as they are contained in an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine) as well as for sensing e.g. liquid particles (e.g. aerosol) can be used.
- liquid particles e.g. aerosol
- Particle sensor 100 has a sensor unit 120 for determining information about charged particles P ′′, in particular about by means of the
- the Particle charging device 110 charged particles P ', in particular the sensor unit 120 being designed to determine the information about charged particles P' by means of the principle of influence and / or by means of the escaping current principle.
- the sensor unit 120 has at least one sensing electrode 122, which is preferably arranged downstream of the particle charging device 110 with respect to the fluid flow A1, cf. the schematic side view of the particle sensor 100a according to FIG. 2.
- the particle sensor 100a has a presently planar carrier element 102, which is, for example, a substrate (optionally laminate, having several layers) made of a ceramic material.
- the carrier element 102 has a length L and a thickness d1, which is preferably substantially smaller than the length L. These are on a first surface 102a of the carrier element 102
- Particle charging device 110 and further components 112, 122 of the particle sensor 100a are arranged.
- the signal from the sensing electrode 122 can be evaluated in order to obtain information about a number and / or concentration of the particles P ′ or the like in the fluid stream A1.
- the particle sensor 100a has a counter electrode 114a for the corona electrode 112, the
- Counter electrode 114a as shown in FIG. 2 is also arranged on the first surface 102a of the carrier element 102.
- the counter electrode 114a can also be embodied outside of the embodiment
- Carrier element 102 may be arranged, for example on a protective tube R1, which is described below with reference to Figure 3.
- the particle sensor 100a has an optional trap electrode 124, which serves to deflect (“trapping”) charged particles of the fluid stream A1. Excess ions that have been generated by means of the particle charging device 110 can thus be removed from the fluid stream A1, for example, so that they do not contribute to the measurement by the sensing electrode 122.
- the optional trap electrode 124 is preferred with respect to the flow direction x between the particle charging device 110 and the optional sensing electrode 122.
- a counter electrode (not shown) can also be provided for the trap electrode 124.
- the protective tube R1 (FIG. 3) already mentioned above can also serve, for example, as a counter electrode for the trap electrode 124.
- the system containing the particle sensor 100a or at least some components 102, 110, 112 of the particle sensor 100a can be electrically external be isolated and there will be an electric current
- the electrical current under consideration can flow from the corona electrode 112 through the corona discharge 114 into one or the counter electrode 114a, and the optional trap electrode 124 captures the remaining ions.
- the current which is generated by the charged particles P '(and leaves the sensor with the fluid flow A1), must
- Counter electrode 114a is added again so that its electrical potential remains constant, for example equal to a first predeterminable reference potential such as the ground potential.
- This current is known as the "escaping current" and is a measure of the concentration of charged particles.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows the arrangement of the particle sensor 100a according to FIG. 2 in a target system Z, which is, for example, an exhaust tract of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
- An exhaust gas flow in the exhaust tract is designated by the reference symbol A2 in the present case.
- a protective tube arrangement composed of two tubes R1, R2 arranged concentrically to one another, the particle sensor 100a being arranged in the inner tube R1 such that its first surface 102a essentially runs parallel to a longitudinal axis LA of the inner tube R1, also compare the vertical coordinate axis x in FIG. 3.
- the lengths and the relative arrangement of the tubes R1, R2 to one another are selected such that the Venturi effect results in suction, in which the exhaust gas flow A2 causes a fluid flow P1 or A1 out of the inner tube R1 in FIG. 3 in a vertical direction Direction upwards.
- the further arrows P2, P3, P4 indicate the continuation of this fluid flow caused by the Venturi effect through an intermediate space between the two tubes R1, R2 to the surroundings of the protective tube arrangement.
- the arrangement shown in FIG. 3 results in a comparatively uniform overflow of the particle sensor 100a or its first surface 102a aligned along the fluid flow P1 (in particular in the sense of a laminar flow), which enables efficient detection of particles in the fluid flow A1, P1 P enables.
- the particle sensor 100a is protected from direct contact with the main exhaust gas flow A2.
- the inner tube R1 can be designed, for example, to be electrically conductive, and the counter electrode 114a described above with reference to FIG. 3
- the reference symbol R2 indicates an optional electrical connection of the outer pipe R2 and / or the inner pipe R1 with a reference potential such as the ground potential, so that the pipe in question or both pipes advantageously simultaneously with their fluidic conducting function as an electrical counterelectrode, for example for the trap -Electrode 124 (and / or for the corona electrode 114), compare FIGS. 1, 2, can be used.
- the block arrow P5 symbolizes in FIG. 3 an optional fresh gas supply, in particular fresh air supply, which is preferred in some
- Embodiments may be desired, with other preferred ones
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a side view of details of a particle sensor 100, 100a according to further preferred embodiments.
- a corona electrode 112 ' arranged on the carrier element 102' and a counter electrode 114a 'assigned to the corona electrode 112', which is, for example, an inner surface of the inner tube R1 Figure 3 acts.
- An electrical field 114 ' is formed between the electrodes 112', 114a ', which can influence a trajectory T1, T2 of a charged particle P' (FIG. 1).
- An ion drift takes place in the electrical field 114 'from the corona electrode 112' to the counter electrode 114a ', as a result of which particles P can be electrically charged.
- the first trajectory T1 results, for example, from a comparatively massive (heavy) and / or comparatively fast charged particle.
- the electric field 114 ′′ caused by the corona discharge 114 has a comparatively small influence on the first trajectory T1.
- the second trajectory T2 results, for example, in the case of a comparatively low-mass (light) and / or comparatively slow charged particle, in which the electric field 114 ', as can be seen in FIG.
- Corona discharge 114 using the optional trap electrode 124 Corona discharge 114 using the optional trap electrode 124.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a temporal course of a pulsed Control signal ASC for the corona electrode 112 of the particle sensor 100
- the time course ASC characterizes e.g. a time course of an electrical voltage or an electrical potential with which the corona electrode 112 is applied.
- a first pulse 1 begins at time t01 and ends at time t02, which results in a pulse width PB, and a subsequent second pulse 2 begins at time t03 and ends at time t04. Outside the pulses 1, 2 mentioned, the control signal ASC has no non-vanishing value.
- a pulse amplitude is plotted on the vertical axis PA.
- the pulse amplitude PA for the individual pulses 1, 2 is selected such that a corona discharge 114 occurs at the corona electrode 112 within the relevant pulse width PB (ie during the occurrence of a pulse 1, 2).
- a pulse pause PP is defined between the successive pulses 1, 2, which in the present case results from the time difference between the times t03, t02.
- Control signal ASC during at least one pulse pause PP can also be specified so that it is slightly below an ignition voltage for the corona discharge 114 (not shown), e.g. by a predeterminable threshold value lower than the ignition voltage. This ensures that the corona discharge 114 is not already ignited during the pulse pause PP by the control signal ASC thus specified. Furthermore, this will result in
- the corona discharge 114 can be rapidly ignited because the value of the
- Control signal ASC must be increased comparatively slightly (e.g. to the amplitude value of pulse 2) in order to ignite the corona discharge 114.
- Control signal ASC pulses 1, 2 with a maximum pulse width PB of 100 milliseconds, ms, or less. This results in a pulse Corona discharges 114 occurring in the area of the corona electrode 112 (FIG. 1) of the particle charging device 110, which can be used for electrically charging the particles P, but the flight path T1, T2 (FIG. 4) of the charged particles P '(FIG. 1) is not essential affect.
- Control signal ASC pulses 1, 2 having a maximum pulse width PB of 10 ms or less, preferably 3 ms or less. This can also result in a reliable electrical charging of the particles P, but the trajectory of the charged particles P 'is influenced to an even lesser extent by the corona discharge 114 than in the case of larger pulse widths.
- a minimum pulse width PB of the pulses 1, 2 of the control signal is 100 ps or more, preferably 1000 ps or more.
- Pulse pause PP between two successive pulses 1, 2 of the
- Control signal ASC is greater than a flight time of particles through a charging zone in the region 114 'of the corona discharge 114.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows a transit time t_t of particles P through a region of the electric field 114 ′ of the corona discharge 114 (FIG. 4) according to further preferred embodiments, plotted against an exhaust gas velocity vex, which for example the exhaust gas flow A2 (FIG. 3) or the fluid flow A1 in the area of the particle sensor.
- the transit time t_t indicates how long a particle P is in the area of the electric field 114 'as a function of the exhaust gas velocity vex, wherein its trajectory can be influenced as already described. It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the transit time t_t decreases sharply as the exhaust gas velocity vex increases.
- Corona discharge 114 occurs. Therefore, in particular, the case may arise that comparatively slow and / or light electrically charged particles P 'are already trapped by the electric field of the corona discharge 114, as a result of which they are no longer accessible for measurement or evaluation by the sensor unit 120 . This may be the case with other preferred ones
- Embodiments can be avoided by the pulsed actuation of the corona electrode 112 already described above with reference to FIG. 5.
- the transit time t_t (FIG. 6) can have an influence on the electrical charge of the charged particles P ′, so that in some embodiments a sensor signal determined by the optional sensor unit 120 (FIG. 1) is dependent on the
- a maximum time or transit time t_max can be specified in which the particles P of the fluid stream A1 may be exposed to the electric field 114 '(FIG. 4) of the corona discharge 114, so that little or no trapping of the particles (for example max. 50 %) occurs through the electric field 114 'of the corona discharge 114.
- the maximum time t_max can be selected so that even the smallest particles still to be measured (e.g.
- the corona discharge 114 does not trap, or does not trap too strongly.
- a (minimum and / or maximum) pulse width PB (FIG. 5) for the pulsed actuation of the corona electrode 112 by means of the pulses 1, 2 as a function of the maximum time t_max can be determined.
- the maximum time t_max can assume values in the range of 0.1 ms ⁇ t_max ⁇ 10ms or 1 ms ⁇ t_max ⁇ 3ms.
- a pulse width PB is determined or specified which is less than the maximum time t_max.
- the corona current with which the corona electrode 112 is used to generate the corona current can be provided that the corona current with which the corona electrode 112 is used to generate the corona current
- Corona discharge 114 is supplied, as a function of the maximum time t_max and / or as a function of the selected pulse width PB and / or as a function of the selected pulse pause PP.
- the charging efficiency for the electrical charging of the particles P of the fluid stream A1 can thus advantageously be influenced. Another is advantageous
- Pulse widths PB are not expected to reduce the lifespan of the corona electrode 112 due to corona currents which may be increased according to some embodiments.
- a value is selected for the pulse pauses PP between two successive pulses 1, 2, which is greater than or equal to a typical transit time t_t (FIG. 6) of the particles under consideration through the spatial area of the electric field 114 ′ of the corona discharge 114.
- the pulse pause PP can therefore be advantageous depending on a current exhaust gas velocity or
- Flow rate of the fluid flow A1 can be selected.
- Particle sensor 100, 100a is designed to determine a first variable and / or to receive it from an external unit, the first variable characterizing a speed of the particles P (FIG. 1) in the fluid stream A1. As a result, the operation of the particle sensor and / or the
- Particle charging device can be controlled and / or regulated particularly precisely, in particular to be adapted to the speed of the particles in the fluid stream A1 or the exhaust gas speed vex, see also reference symbol A2 according to FIG. 3.
- the particle sensor or the particle charging device 110 and / or one assigned to it or it can be controlled and / or regulated particularly precisely, in particular to be adapted to the speed of the particles in the fluid stream A1 or the exhaust gas speed vex, see also reference symbol A2 according to FIG. 3.
- Control device itself determine the first size.
- the particle sensor or the particle charging device and / or a control device assigned to it or it can receive the first variable from the external unit.
- the external unit can be, for example, a control device of the target system, for example a control device of a
- Particle sensor can be used.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows a simplified block diagram of a
- Control device 1100 according to further preferred embodiments.
- control device 1100 can be designed to control the operation of the particle charging device 110 from FIG. 1.
- control device 1100 can be designed to apply the pulsed control signal ASC to the corona electrode 112.
- control device 1100 is designed to:
- the control device 1100 has at least one computing device 1102, at least one storage device 1104 assigned to the computing device 1102 for at least temporarily storing a computer program PRG, the computer program PRG being designed in particular to control the operation of the particle charging device 110. Under the control of the
- Computer program PRG can be implemented in further preferred embodiments, for example the method according to the embodiments, in particular also the determination of a pulse width PB and / or pulse pause PP and / or to be used for controlling the corona electrode 112
- the computing device 1102 has at least one of the following elements: a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor (DSP), a programmable logic module (for example FPGA, field programmable gate array), an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit), a hardware circuit. Combinations of these are also conceivable in further preferred embodiments.
- the memory device 1104 has at least one of the following elements: a volatile memory 1104a, in particular working memory (RAM), a non-volatile memory 1104b, in particular flash EEPROM.
- the computer program PRG is preferably stored in the non-volatile memory 1104b.
- control device 1100 is designed for the first variable G1, which has already been described above, and which represents the speed of the particles P in the fluid stream A1 or the
- control device 1100 can be designed to receive the first variable G1 from an external unit 300, for example a control device for a
- the control device 1100 can, for example, store the first variable G1 at least temporarily in the working memory 1104a.
- a data exchange with the external unit 300 can take place, for example, via a preferably bidirectional data interface 1106.
- the corona electrode 112 can be actuated with the pulsed actuation signal ASC, for example, via a control interface 1108, the one
- Particle sensor 100, 100a is designed to determine at least one of the following elements as a function of the first variable: a) a minimum pulse width PB (FIG. 5) of pulses 1, 2 of the control signal ASC, b) a maximum pulse width of the pulses of the control signal , c) a minimum pulse pause PP between two successive pulses of the control signal, d) a maximum pulse pause between two successive pulses of the
- Control signal e) a pulse amplitude or a corona current
- the particle sensor is designed to adapt the corona electrode 112 as a function of the element determined (that is to say, for example, with the minimum and / or maximum pulse width PB and / or the minimum and / or maximum pulse pause PP and / or pulse amplitude PA as a function of the first variable G1 ) head for.
- operation of the particle sensor 100, 100a and / or the particle charging device 110 can be adapted particularly precisely to the speed of the particles P in the fluid stream A1, that is to say, for example, to a current exhaust gas speed vex of an internal combustion engine to which the particle sensor is assigned.
- a maximum pulse width PB of the control signal ASC for the corona electrode 112 for generating the corona discharge 114 can be chosen to be comparatively small because the particles to be electrically charged by means of the particle charging device 110 are comparatively small long in the area of influence of the electric field 114 'of the corona electrode 112, as a result of which they could be undesirably deflected.
- a maximum pulse width PB of the control signal ASC for the corona electrode 112 for generating the corona discharge 114 can be chosen to be comparatively small because the particles to be electrically charged by means of the particle charging device 110 are comparatively small long in the area of influence of the electric field 114 'of the corona electrode 112, as a result of which they could be undesirably deflected.
- the corona current may be increased above a nominal value in order to enable sufficient ionization or electrical charging of the particles despite the comparatively small pulse width PB.
- a maximum pulse width PB of the control signal for the corona electrode for generating the corona discharge can be selected to be comparatively large because the particles are comparatively short in the area of influence of the electrical field of the corona electrode, so that they are deflected less as a result can.
- the corona current can be set, for example, to the nominal value described above or to a lower value, because a reliable electrical charging of the particles is ensured due to the larger pulse width PB increased transit time.
- FIGS. 1-10 Further preferred embodiments relate to a method for operating a particle sensor 100, 100a, in particular according to FIGS.
- FIG. 7A schematically shows a simplified one Flow chart.
- the particle sensor 100, 100a applies a pulsed control signal ASC to the corona electrode 112 (FIG. 5).
- information relating to the charged particles P ′ can be determined, for example, by the optional sensor unit 120, for example by means of the principle of influence and / or by means of the escaping current principle and / or by means of another principle that relates to a Evaluation of electrically charged particles P 'is based.
- FIG. 7B schematically shows a simplified flow diagram according to further preferred embodiments.
- the particle sensor determines (for example by means of the control device 1100, FIG. 8) the first variable G1, which is the
- the particle sensor receives the first variable G1 in step 210 from an external unit 300 (FIG. 8).
- the particle sensor determines (or calculates or forms) the control signal ASC, in particular the time profile of the control signal ASC, as a function of the first variable G1.
- the control signal ASC can be determined in step 212 as a function of a particle size or particle mass of interest.
- the corona electrode 112 is actuated with the pulsed actuation signal ASC, which was previously determined in step 212.
- Further preferred embodiments relate to the use of the particle sensor according to the embodiments and / or the method according to the embodiments to determine information relating to particles P (e.g. particle concentration, number of particles) in an exhaust gas stream A1, A2 of an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle.
- particles P e.g. particle concentration, number of particles
- the principle according to the embodiments can be used both for sensing and as a solid
- formed particles P e.g. soot particles as they are contained in an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine
- liquid particles P e.g. aerosol
- Some preferred embodiments enable the following advantages: no or less trapping of small particles in the area of the
- Corona discharge 114 no or less dependence of the charge of the particles P on the exhaust gas velocity vex.
- the principle according to others preferred embodiments advantageously enables a particularly precise and uniform electrical charging of the particles P.
- the particle sensor can be used in particular in the area of particle filters for internal combustion engines, in particular diesel particle filters (DPF) and / or gasoline particle filters (GPF), in particular for realizing a diagnosis, for example on-board diagnosis (OBD).
- DPF diesel particle filters
- GPF gasoline particle filters
- OBD on-board diagnosis
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102018222534.6A DE102018222534A1 (de) | 2018-12-20 | 2018-12-20 | Partikelsensor und Betriebsverfahren hierfür |
PCT/EP2019/086142 WO2020127617A1 (de) | 2018-12-20 | 2019-12-19 | Partikelsensor und betriebsverfahren hierfür |
Publications (1)
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EP3899487A1 true EP3899487A1 (de) | 2021-10-27 |
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EP19832910.4A Withdrawn EP3899487A1 (de) | 2018-12-20 | 2019-12-19 | Partikelsensor und betriebsverfahren hierfür |
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EP (1) | EP3899487A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102018222534A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020127617A1 (de) |
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SU748192A1 (ru) * | 1978-02-01 | 1980-07-15 | Куйбышевский авиационный институт | Способ измерени объемной концентрации дисперсной фазы аэрозол |
FI118278B (fi) * | 2003-06-24 | 2007-09-14 | Dekati Oy | Menetelmä ja anturilaite hiukkaspäästöjen mittaamiseksi polttomoottorin pakokaasuista |
JPWO2018163845A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-10 | 2020-01-16 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 電荷発生素子及び微粒子数検出器 |
DE102017208849A1 (de) * | 2017-05-24 | 2018-11-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Partikelsensor und Herstellungsverfahren hierfür |
-
2018
- 2018-12-20 DE DE102018222534.6A patent/DE102018222534A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-12-19 WO PCT/EP2019/086142 patent/WO2020127617A1/de unknown
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WO2020127617A1 (de) | 2020-06-25 |
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