EP3898401B1 - Transfert de liquides hydrocarbonés de navire à navire - Google Patents
Transfert de liquides hydrocarbonés de navire à navire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3898401B1 EP3898401B1 EP19842608.2A EP19842608A EP3898401B1 EP 3898401 B1 EP3898401 B1 EP 3898401B1 EP 19842608 A EP19842608 A EP 19842608A EP 3898401 B1 EP3898401 B1 EP 3898401B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tanker
- buoy
- hose
- hose string
- string
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 51
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 51
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 47
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 38
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003305 oil spill Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000272168 Laridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000305776 Rynchops Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
- B63B22/02—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel
- B63B22/021—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
- B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
- B63B27/30—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures
- B63B27/34—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures using pipe-lines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
- B63H25/42—Steering or dynamic anchoring by propulsive elements; Steering or dynamic anchoring by propellers used therefor only; Steering or dynamic anchoring by rudders carrying propellers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/002—Storage in barges or on ships
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
- B63B22/24—Buoys container type, i.e. having provision for the storage of material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/05—Size
- F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0352—Pipes
- F17C2205/0364—Pipes flexible or articulated, e.g. a hose
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/061—Fluid distribution for supply of supplying vehicles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/011—Barges
- F17C2270/0113—Barges floating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0118—Offshore
- F17C2270/0126—Buoys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system and a method of transferring hydrocarbon liquids between ships.
- the present invention relates to a system and a method of transferring oil between tankers using a single-point mooring buoy.
- the offshore oil and gas industry often uses floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) units to produce and store hydrocarbons.
- FPSO floating production storage and offloading
- the FPSO may, for example, receive hydrocarbons from a subsea platform, process them and store the resulting oil.
- the FPSO unit will then typically transfer the oil to a tanker that transports the oil ashore or to a transhipment point for export.
- a DP tanker is used to receive the oil from the FPSO unit. Typically this will be a Large Range tanker or Suezmax tanker that has a size of 120,000-200,000 DWT (tons deadweight).
- a DP tanker is equipped with systems that enable the tanker to automatically maintain its position and heading using its own propellers and thrusters. These DP tankers are, therefore, specialist vessels and are significantly more expensive than conventional oil tankers to build, charter and operate.
- the DP tanker may then move to a location where the oil can be transferred to a conventional (non-DP) tanker using ship-to-ship transfer methods.
- the conventional tanker may be another Suezmax tanker or a VLCC (very large crude carrier).
- VLCC very large crude carrier
- the DP tanker In some cases it is, therefore, necessary for the DP tanker to transport the oil significant distances to a suitable harbour or location at which the oil can be offloaded or transferred. This means that the DP tanker is in use for a significant period of time transporting the oil to the harbour and returning to the FPSO unit.
- the time taken can be around 14 days at a cost of around USD $50,000 per day and about USD $800,000 of fuel in total.
- additional DP tanker vessels are required to service the FPSO during this time period. These DP tankers may cost around USD $120M each.
- a solution that is being considered, to reduce the time that the DP tanker is away from the FPSO, is the provision of suitable ports or terminals in the desired locations closer to the FPSO or other production facility.
- the build cost of these is, however, in the region of USD $2 billion each.
- WO 2006/036325 discloses a combined riser, offloading and mooring system for the offloading of hydrocarbons from a floating production vessel onto a tanker.
- WO 99/62762 discloses a transfer system for transfer of fluids, such as hydrocarbons, between two floating structures.
- US 5803779 discloses a dynamically positioned loading buoy for transferring liquid from an offshore structure to a tanker.
- WO 2011/098527 discloses a system and method of transferring liquefied natural gas in a bow to stern configuration between two floating units.
- the present invention provides, in a first aspect, a method for ship-to-ship transfer of hydrocarbon liquids comprising:
- the present invention provides a system for ship-to-ship transfer of hydrocarbon liquids comprising:
- the system and method of the invention enables ship-to-ship transfer of hydrocarbon liquids in conditions in which a direct connection between two tankers may not be possible.
- the hydrocarbon liquid will typically be oil, but may be another hydrocarbon or a product derived from hydrocarbon processing.
- the hydrocarbon liquid may be a petrochemical product.
- the hydrocarbon liquid is pumped from the first tanker to the second tanker. In these embodiments the hydrocarbon liquid is pumped from the first tanker, through the first hose string, through the fluid conduit, through the second hose string and to the second tanker. In other embodiments the hydrocarbon liquid is pumped from the second tanker to the first tanker. In these embodiments the hydrocarbon liquid is pumped from the second tanker, through the second hose string, through the fluid conduit, through the first hose string and to the first tanker.
- the first hose string is a floating hose string and the second hose string is a floating hose string.
- the hose strings are preferably tied back to the buoy in a bight.
- the first and second hose strings may be tied back to the buoy in a bight during manoeuvring of the tankers and then untied once the tankers have departed.
- one or both of the first hose string and the second hose string includes a marine breakaway coupling.
- the first hose string is preferably connected to an emergency disconnect coupling provided on the first tanker.
- the second hose string is preferably connected to an emergency disconnect coupling provided on the second tanker.
- the first tanker is preferably moored to the buoy by a hawser.
- the second tanker is positioned a safe distance from the first tanker and the buoy, and maintains position using its dynamic positioning system.
- the second tanker is preferably positioned between 50m and 600m away from the first tanker.
- the first hose string is preferably connected to the midships manifold of the first tanker.
- the second hose string is connected to the second tanker at the bow of the second tanker. In other embodiments the second hose string is connected to the midships manifold of the second tanker.
- the method preferably includes flushing the second hose string with sea water.
- the method may include flushing the first hose string with sea water.
- the method comprises disconnecting the second hose string from the second tanker and tying the second hose string back to the buoy in a bight.
- the method preferably further comprises disconnecting the first hose string from the first tanker and tying the first hose string back to the buoy in a bight.
- the system for ship-to-ship transfer of hydrocarbon liquids preferably further comprises a first support craft equipped to handle the first hose string for connection to and disconnection from the first tanker.
- the system may additionally comprise a second support craft equipped to handle the second hose string for connection to and disconnection from the second tanker.
- the buoy comprises a surge protection system including a surge tank connected to the fluid conduit.
- a pressure relief valve between the fluid conduit and the surge tank permits hydrocarbon liquid to enter the surge tank from the fluid conduit when the pressure in the fluid conduit exceeds a predetermined level.
- a telemetry based monitoring system determines the level in the surge tank and includes an alarm function.
- the buoy comprises a telemetry system arranged to transmit data to and receive data from at least one of the first and second tankers.
- the present invention provides a method of transferring hydrocarbon liquids between two tankers using a single-point mooring (SPM) buoy.
- the method will typically be used to transfer crude oil, but may be used to transfer other hydrocarbon liquids including refined hydrocarbon products, liquefied natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. Accordingly, it will be understood that in the following description, references to oil and crude oil may be more generally considered to be references to any hydrocarbon liquid.
- this system will be used to transfer oil from a tanker equipped with a dynamic positioning system (DP tanker) to a conventional tanker, which does not include a dynamic positioning system.
- DP tanker dynamic positioning system
- DP tankers are significantly more expensive than conventional tankers, both in terms of build cost and daily running costs.
- This system has particular advantages in offshore locations which frequently experience adverse weather conditions, and where there is a reliance on tankers equipped with dynamic positioning to safely transfer oil for export, or transportation away from the offshore location or oil field.
- the single-point mooring buoy 10 is located in the vicinity of a floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) unit or other offshore oil production facility, such as an oil well or oil platform.
- FPSO floating production storage and offloading
- the buoy 10 is located less than one day DP vessel transit time from the FPSO unit or other facility.
- the buoy may, for example, be located between 8 km and 1000 km (5 miles and 700 miles) away from the FPSO unit or other facility. More preferably the buoy is located about 80 km (50 miles) away from the FPSO unit or other facility.
- the SPM buoy 10 comprises a main body 12 and a plurality of anchor chains or mooring chains 13 that anchor the buoy 10 to the seabed.
- the SPM buoy 10 is not connected to a pipeline end manifold or subsea piping, and therefore does not include a flexible riser.
- the SPM buoy 10 is configured to enable direct ship-to-ship transfer of goods and comprises a fluid conduit 14 terminating at a first end at a first hose connector or first port 16 and at a second end at a second hose connector or second port 18.
- the fluid conduit 14, therefore, directly connects the first port 16 and the second port 18.
- the SPM buoy 10 further comprises a surge protection system including an accumulator vessel or surge tank 20.
- a pipe 22 extends from the fluid conduit 14 to the surge tank 20.
- a pressure relief valve 24 is disposed in the pipe 22 and is configured to perm it fluid flow along the pipe 22 when the pressure in the fluid conduit 14 exceeds a pre-set value. If the pressure in the fluid conduit 14 rises above the pre-set value due to, for example, a valve on one of the tankers closing suddenly, the pressure relief valve 24 will open and permit oil to flow from the fluid conduit 14 into the surge tank 20.
- the SPM buoy 10 may include a pump arranged to pump hydrocarbon liquid from the surge tank 20. This allows the surge tank 20 to be emptied and the hydrocarbon liquid to be transferred to a tanker 2, 4.
- the SPM buoy 10 further comprises a telemetry system configured to gather information and transmit data to and from the tankers 2, 4.
- the data preferably includes weather conditions, sea conditions such as wave current, and location data.
- the tankers 2, 4 will receive the telemetry data from the buoy 10 and will use the data, in particular, to assist during mooring.
- the data will be used by the DP tanker 4 to hold position relative to the buoy 10 and the other tanker, as described further below.
- the DP tanker 4 will, therefore, be equipped with the necessary software to receive and process the telemetry data from the buoy 10, as well as from the other tanker.
- the data will include pressure, flow rates and other data related to the transfer of the liquid.
- the telemetry system may be configured to provide an emergency shutdown system.
- the emergency shutdown system may be configured to trigger emergency disconnect couplings on the tankers and to monitor conditions, such as for surge protection.
- the SPM buoy telemetry system may include means to detect if there is an oil spill around the buoy.
- Such a system may, for example, be a system developed by the modification of advanced instrument technology such as from https://www.nortekgroup.com
- a first hose or hose string 26 is connected at a first end 28 to the first hose connector (first port) 16 of the buoy 10.
- a second hose or hose string 30 is connected at a first end 32 to the second hose connector (second port) 18 of the buoy 10.
- Each of the first and second hose strings 26, 30 is preferably between 200m and 400m in length, and more preferably about 300m in length. The second hose string 30 may be longer than the first hose string 26.
- each of the hose strings 26, 30 comprises a floating hose.
- Each of the hose strings 26, 30 also includes a marine breakaway coupling (MBC) 34.
- the MBC 34 is configured to automatically shut off flow along the hose string 26, 30 in the event of an adverse tensile load on the hose string 26, 30.
- Each of the tankers 2, 4 preferably includes an emergency disconnect coupling, emergency shutoff and disconnect coupling or emergency release coupling (ERC) 36 connected to a manifold.
- ERC emergency disconnect coupling
- the ERC will form part of an emergency disconnect system which also includes associated software or control systems.
- the ERC 36 is designed, in an emergency situation, or when triggered by the telemetry system of the SPM buoy 10, to shut off flow through the coupling 36 and separate.
- the ERC 36 therefore causes the hose string 26, 30 to separate from the tanker 2, 4.
- a shut off valve mechanism within the ERC 36 blocks flow such that when the coupling 36 separates both parts of the coupling 36 are blocked or shut off such that there is no or minimal loss of oil from the hose string 26, 30.
- each of the hose strings 26, 30 When not in use, each of the hose strings 26, 30 is tied back to the buoy 10 in a bight. The hose strings 26, 30 therefore remain floating on the surface of the sea around the buoy 10.
- a mooring hawser 42 is connected to the SPM buoy 10 at its first end.
- the hawser 42 will typically be about 60m in length.
- a further pickup line or rope is preferably attached to the hawser 42.
- the pickup line is preferably about 200m in length.
- Two support craft or support vessels such as tugboats, (not shown) are available to assist in connecting the hawser 42 and the hose strings 26, 30 to the tankers 2, 4, as described further below.
- the support craft are also configured to assist in maintaining the position of one or both of the tankers 2, 4 if required.
- Each of the support craft will also be equipped with pollution and safety equipment, such as one or more of booms, oil spill recovery equipment (skimmers), storage tanks for recovered liquid, detergent spray, spray arms and firefighting equipment.
- a first, conventional tanker 2 approaches the SPM buoy 10.
- a first one of the support craft extends the mooring hawser 42.
- the first tanker 2 is moored to the buoy 10 by the hawser 42.
- the first hose string 26 is then extended and presented to the tanker 2 by the support craft.
- the second end 38 of the first hose string 26 is connected to the first tanker 2 at its midships manifold 44.
- the first support craft remains near the first tanker 2, to assist in manoeuvring the first tanker 2 if necessary.
- first tanker 2 As the first tanker 2 is connected to the SPM buoy 10 by the hawser 42 it will be appreciated that the first tanker 2 is free to weathervane around the buoy 10.
- a DP tanker 4 then approaches the SPM buoy 10 and maintains position at a pre-set location relative to the SPM buoy 10 and the first tanker 2.
- the DP tanker 4 is preferably positioned between 50m and 600m from both the first tanker 2 and the SPM buoy 10. In some situations the DP tanker 4 will maintain position off the starboard quarter of the first tanker 2. Telemetry received by the DP tanker 4 from the SPM buoy 10 and/or the first tanker will assist in maintaining the correct position, even when the first tanker 2 is weather-vaning.
- the second hose string 30 is then extended and presented to the DP tanker 4 by the second support craft.
- the second end 40 of the second hose string 30 is connected to the DP tanker 4 either at its midships manifold 46 or through its bow slot 48.
- the bow slot of a tanker is configured for loading; however, the bow slot of the DP tanker may be configured or adapted to permit discharge of oil from the DP tanker at required flow rates.
- Figure 2 illustrates an arrangement in which the second hose string 30 is connected to the midships manifold 46 of the DP tanker 4.
- Figures 3 and 4 illustrate arrangements in which the second hose string 30 is connected through the bow slot 48 of the DP tanker 4.
- the DP tanker 4 pumps oil through the second hose string 30, through the fluid conduit 14 of the buoy 10, and through the first hose string 26 to the first tanker 2.
- the DP tanker 4 Upon completion of the transfer of oil, the DP tanker 4 preferably flushes the second hose string 30 with sea water before the second hose string 30 is disconnected from the DP tanker 4. More preferably the DP tanker 4 flushes the second hose string 30, the fluid conduit 14 and the first hose string 26 with sea water. This means that the hose strings 26, 30 are not left full of oil when they are disconnected from the tankers 2, 4. This minimises the risk of an oil spillage during disconnect of the hose strings 26, 30 and when the hose strings 26, 30 are tied back to the buoy 10, for example if one or both of the hose strings 26, 30 is damaged due to a contact.
- the second hose string 30 is disconnected from the DP tanker 4 and is tied back to the SPM buoy 10 in a bight.
- the DP tanker 4 is then free to depart and return to the oil field or FPSO for re-loading.
- the first hose string 26 is disconnected from the first tanker 2 and is tied back to the buoy 10 in a bight.
- the hawser 42 is disconnected from the tanker 2 and the tanker 2 is then free to depart.
- the first tanker 2 may transport the oil to a local refinery or to another destination.
- the hose strings 26, 30 are tied back to the buoy 10 in a bight during manoeuvring of the tankers 2, 4. Once the tankers 2, 4 have departed the second ends 38, 40 of the hose strings 26, 30 may be released from the buoy 10 so that the hose strings 26, 30 extend from the buoy 10. The hose strings 26, 30 may therefore weathervane around the buoy 10.
- the first tanker 2 and the DP tanker 4 were of similar size or capacity such that a single DP tanker 4 transferred its cargo to the conventional tanker 2, which then departed.
- the class of both the DP tanker 4 and the conventional tanker 2 may be Suezmax, having a size of 120,000 - 200,000 DWT (tons deadweight).
- the conventional tanker 2 may be significantly larger than the DP tanker 4.
- a first DP tanker 4 may transfer its cargo to the conventional tanker 2 that is moored to the SPM buoy 10. After the first DP tanker 4 has departed the conventional tanker 2 may remain moored and await a second DP tanker 4.
- a second DP tanker 4 may then transfer its cargo to the same conventional tanker 2.
- the class of each of the DP tankers 4 may be Suezmax, having a size of 120,000 - 200,000 DWT (tons deadweight) and the class of the conventional tanker 2 may be Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) having a size of 200,000 - 320,000 DWT
- VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier
- the first tanker may be a floating storage tanker.
- the floating storage tanker is moored to the buoy by the hawser, as described above.
- the second end of the first hose string is connected to the midships manifold of the floating storage tanker.
- the DP tanker pumps oil through the second hose string, through the fluid conduit of the buoy, and through the first hose string to the floating storage tanker.
- the oil (or other hydrocarbon) may then be stored for a period of time on the floating storage tanker for future transfer to an export tanker.
- an export tanker may be moored to the floating storage tanker at the same time as the DP tanker is connected to the buoy by the second hose string.
- a third hose string is connected between the floating storage tanker and the export tanker.
- the DP tanker preferably pumps oil through the second hose string, through the fluid conduit of the buoy, through the first hose string, through pipelines of the floating storage tanker, and directly onto the export tanker via the third hose string.
- the transfer of hydrocarbon liquid may be from the first tanker 2 to the second tanker 4.
- the transfer of hydrocarbon liquid may be from the conventional tanker 2 to the DP tanker 4, rather than from the DP tanker 4 to the conventional tanker 2.
- the system of the present invention is more flexible than the provision of ports in fixed locations, and may be used in numerous locations around the world. Furthermore, the use of a single-point mooring buoy for the transfer of hydrocarbon liquids may be safer than bringing a tanker into a port.
- the present invention offers benefits and risk reduction by keeping oil tankers in deep water away from environmentally sensitive areas and therefore provides a safer, more reliable and more flexible system and method that allows oil, or other hydrocarbon liquid, to be transferred between a DP tanker and a conventional tanker and that may be utilised to minimise the period of time for which a DP tanker is away from an offshore production facility, such as an FPSO.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pipeline Systems (AREA)
- Loading And Unloading Of Fuel Tanks Or Ships (AREA)
Claims (24)
- - Procédé de transfert d'hydrocarbures liquides de navire à navire comprenant :- amarrer un premier pétrolier (2) à une bouée d'amarrage par point unique (10), la bouée ayant un premier orifice (16) et un second orifice (18) et une conduite de fluide (14) reliant les premier et second orifices, et le premier pétrolier étant un pétrolier classique qui ne comprend pas de système de positionnement dynamique pour maintenir une position à la bouée ;- relier un premier tuyau flexible (26) entre le premier orifice (16) de la bouée (10) et le premier pétrolier (2) ;- positionner un second pétrolier (4) près de la bouée (10), le second pétrolier ayant un système de positionnement dynamique pour maintenir une position près de la bouée ;- relier un second tuyau flexible (30) entre le second orifice (18) de la bouée (10) et le second pétrolier (4) ; et- pomper un hydrocarbure liquide entre les premier et second pétroliers (2, 4), via le premier tuyau flexible (26), la conduite de fluide (14) de la bouée, et le second tuyau flexible (30),la bouée d'amarrage par point unique (10) étant située entre 8 km et 1000 km (5 miles et 700 miles) d'une unité flottante de production, stockage et déchargement en mer (FPSO).
- - Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le premier tuyau flexible (26) est un tuyau flexible flottant et le second tuyau flexible (30) est un tuyau flexible flottant.
- - Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel le premier pétrolier (2) est amarré à la bouée (10) par une aussière (42).
- - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'un ou les deux du premier tuyau flexible (26) et du second tuyau flexible (30) comprennent un raccord à rupture marin (34).
- - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le premier tuyau flexible (26) est relié à un raccord à séparation d'urgence (36) prévu sur le premier pétrolier (2).
- - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le second tuyau flexible (30) est relié à un raccord à séparation d'urgence (36) prévu sur le second pétrolier (4).
- - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le second tuyau flexible (30) est relié au second pétrolier (4) à la proue du second pétrolier.
- - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le second pétrolier (4) est positionné entre 50 m et 600 m du premier pétrolier (2) .
- - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre, après que l'hydrocarbure liquide a été pompé entre les premier et second pétroliers (2, 4), rincer le second tuyau flexible (30) avec de l'eau de mer.
- - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre, après que l'hydrocarbure liquide a été pompé entre les premier et second pétroliers (2, 4), rincer le premier tuyau flexible (26) avec de l'eau de mer.
- - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre séparer le second tuyau flexible (30) du second pétrolier (4) et rattacher le second tuyau flexible (30) à la bouée (10) en une boucle.
- - Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre séparer le premier tuyau flexible (26) du premier pétrolier (2) et rattacher le second tuyau flexible (30) à la bouée (10) en une boucle.
- - Système pour le transfert d'hydrocarbures liquides de navire à navire comprenant :- une bouée d'amarrage par point unique (10), la bouée ayant un premier orifice (16) et un second orifice (18) et une conduite de fluide (14) reliant les premier et second orifices, et la bouée d'amarrage par point unique étant située entre 8 km et 1000 km (5 miles et 700 miles) d'une unité FPSO ;- un premier pétrolier (2) amarré à la bouée (10), le premier pétrolier (2) étant un pétrolier classique qui ne comprend pas de système de positionnement dynamique pour maintenir une position à la bouée ;- un premier tuyau flexible (26) relié entre le premier pétrolier et le premier orifice (16) de la bouée (10) ;- un second pétrolier (4) ayant un système de positionnement dynamique, le second pétrolier (4) pouvant maintenir une position près de la bouée ; et- un second tuyau flexible (30) relié entre le second pétrolier (4) et le second orifice (18) de la bouée (10), le premier tuyau flexible (26), la conduite de fluide (14) et le second tuyau flexible (30) étant configurés pour permettre à de l'hydrocarbure liquide d'être pompé entre les premier et second pétroliers (2, 4).
- - Système selon la revendication 13, dans lequel le premier tuyau flexible (26) est un tuyau flexible flottant et le second tuyau flexible (30) est un tuyau flexible flottant.
- - Système selon la revendication 13 ou la revendication 14, dans lequel le premier pétrolier est amarré à la bouée par une aussière.
- - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 15, dans lequel l'un ou les deux du premier tuyau flexible (26) et du second tuyau flexible (30) comprennent un raccord à rupture marin (34).
- - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 16, dans lequel le premier tuyau flexible (26) est relié à un raccord à séparation d'urgence (36) prévu sur le premier pétrolier (2).
- - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 17, dans lequel le second tuyau flexible (30) est relié à un raccord à séparation d'urgence (36) prévu sur le second pétrolier (4).
- - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 18, dans lequel le second tuyau flexible (30) est relié au second pétrolier (4) à la proue du second pétrolier.
- - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 19, dans lequel le second pétrolier (4) est positionné entre 50 m et 600 m du premier pétrolier (2) .
- - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 20, comprenant en outre une première embarcation de support équipée pour manipuler le premier tuyau flexible (26) pour une liaison au premier pétrolier (2) et une séparation de celui-ci.
- - Système selon la revendication 21, comprenant en outre une seconde embarcation de support équipée pour manipuler le second tuyau flexible (30) pour une liaison au second pétrolier (4) et une séparation de celui-ci.
- - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 22, dans lequel la bouée (10) comprend un réservoir amortisseur (20) relié à la conduite de fluide (14) .
- - Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 23, dans lequel la bouée (10) comprend un système de télémétrie agencé pour transmettre des données à au moins un des premier et second pétroliers (2, 4) et recevoir des données en provenance de celui-ci.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB201820998A GB2570403B (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | Ship-to-ship transfer of hydrocarbon liquids |
PCT/GB2019/053684 WO2020128530A1 (fr) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-12-23 | Transfert de liquides hydrocarbonés de navire à navire |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3898401A1 EP3898401A1 (fr) | 2021-10-27 |
EP3898401B1 true EP3898401B1 (fr) | 2022-09-28 |
Family
ID=65364417
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19842608.2A Active EP3898401B1 (fr) | 2018-12-21 | 2019-12-23 | Transfert de liquides hydrocarbonés de navire à navire |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3898401B1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112021002731B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3124398A1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2570403B (fr) |
UY (1) | UY38509A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2020128530A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
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JP2023512591A (ja) * | 2020-02-07 | 2023-03-27 | シングル・ブイ・ムアリングズ・インコーポレイテッド | データ転送システムを備えた係留ブイ |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5803779A (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 1998-09-08 | Deep Oil Technology, Incorporated | Dynamically positioned loading buoy |
AU4373099A (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 1999-12-20 | Single Buoy Moorings Inc. | Transfer pipe system |
GB0124610D0 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2001-12-05 | Alpha Thames Ltd | Early hydrocarbon extraction system |
US6763862B2 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2004-07-20 | Fmc Technologies, Inc. | Submerged flowline termination at a single point mooring buoy |
GB2396138B (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2004-10-27 | Bluewater Terminal Systems Nv | Off-shore mooring and fluid transfer system |
WO2006036325A1 (fr) * | 2004-09-28 | 2006-04-06 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Systeme mixte de colonne montante, de dechargement et d'amarrage |
MY175026A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2020-06-03 | Single Buoy Moorings | Bow loading station with double deck for cryogenic fluid |
AU2014224154B8 (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2015-07-02 | Woodside Energy Technologies Pty Ltd | System and method for heading control of a floating lng vessel using a set of real-time monitored cargo containment system strain data |
-
2018
- 2018-12-21 GB GB201820998A patent/GB2570403B/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-12-17 UY UY0001038509A patent/UY38509A/es unknown
- 2019-12-23 CA CA3124398A patent/CA3124398A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-12-23 WO PCT/GB2019/053684 patent/WO2020128530A1/fr active Search and Examination
- 2019-12-23 EP EP19842608.2A patent/EP3898401B1/fr active Active
- 2019-12-23 BR BR112021002731-9A patent/BR112021002731B1/pt active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3898401A1 (fr) | 2021-10-27 |
GB2570403B (en) | 2019-12-25 |
BR112021002731A2 (pt) | 2021-04-13 |
GB2570403A (en) | 2019-07-24 |
WO2020128530A1 (fr) | 2020-06-25 |
GB201820998D0 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
CA3124398A1 (fr) | 2020-06-25 |
BR112021002731B1 (pt) | 2022-03-15 |
UY38509A (es) | 2020-07-31 |
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