EP3898120B1 - Bolt pushing device and method for operating same - Google Patents

Bolt pushing device and method for operating same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3898120B1
EP3898120B1 EP19808602.7A EP19808602A EP3898120B1 EP 3898120 B1 EP3898120 B1 EP 3898120B1 EP 19808602 A EP19808602 A EP 19808602A EP 3898120 B1 EP3898120 B1 EP 3898120B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
driving
energy
fastening element
control unit
nail gun
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19808602.7A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3898120A1 (en
Inventor
Tilo Dittrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hilti AG
Original Assignee
Hilti AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3898120A1 publication Critical patent/EP3898120A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C1/00—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices
    • B25C1/08—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C1/00—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C1/00—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices
    • B25C1/06—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by electric power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C1/00—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices
    • B25C1/008—Safety devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C1/00—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices
    • B25C1/04—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by fluid pressure, e.g. by air pressure
    • B25C1/047—Mechanical details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bolt driver for driving fasteners into a substrate in a driving direction.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating such a bolt driver.
  • a device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of claim 11 is from EP 2 656 974 A2 famous.
  • Such bolt driving devices usually include a driving piston that can be driven in a setting direction in order to push a fastener into the ground.
  • a driving piston that can be driven in a setting direction in order to push a fastener into the ground.
  • a fastening element cannot be driven into the subsoil as desired, but is slowed down or deflected, for example, by harder components of the subsoil. This can lead to setting failures in which the fastening element and/or the substrate are damaged.
  • a working device which comprises a drive-in energy information device.
  • the driving-in energy information device conveys information about the driving-in energy that was delivered during a previous driving-in process.
  • An actuator is connected to the driving-energy information device in a control-technical functional relationship in order to regulate the amount of driving-in energy to be delivered during a current driving-in process.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the setting quality of a bolt driver.
  • the object is achieved with a bolt driver for driving fasteners into a substrate in a driving direction, with a driving piston which can be driven in a setting direction in order to push a fastener into the substrate, with a control unit which is intended to carry out a driving process of the to control the bolt driver, with a sensor device for detecting a parameter during the driving-in process and for transmitting a signal dependent on the detected parameter to the control unit, with the control unit being provided for, depending on the detected parameter, still approaching the fastening element within the driving-in process to control transmitted drive-in energy.
  • control unit is provided for reducing the driving-in energy still to be transmitted to the fastening element during the driving-in process.
  • the control unit is preferably provided for ending the transmission of driving-in energy to the fastening element.
  • control unit is provided for diverting part of the driving-in energy provided for the driving-in process.
  • An advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the recorded parameter includes a force and/or acceleration acting on the fastening element during the driving-in process, preferably transversely to the driving-in direction.
  • the bolt driver comprises a drive which is provided for transferring driving-in energy to the driving piston while the driving piston drives the fastening element into the ground.
  • the drive preferably includes an overpressure chamber and is intended to generate an overpressure in the overpressure chamber and to allow the overpressure to act on the drive piston in order to transfer driving energy to the drive piston, the overpressure chamber having a relief valve that can be controlled by the control unit, and where the control unit is provided for controlling the driving-in energy still to be transmitted to the fastening element within the driving-in process by opening the blow-off valve during the driving-in process.
  • the overpressure chamber particularly preferably comprises a combustion chamber for a solid, liquid or gaseous fuel.
  • the drive also preferably includes an electrical energy store and a coil and is intended to electrically charge the electrical energy store, discharge it suddenly, conduct a discharge current that occurs through the coil and allow the electromagnetic energy released to act on the driving piston to generate driving energy to the driving piston, wherein the drive comprises a switch with which a current flow through the coil can be controlled, and wherein the control unit is provided for the driving energy still to be transmitted to the fastening element within the driving-in process by actuating the switch during the driving-in process Taxes.
  • the object is also achieved with a method for operating a bolt driver for driving fasteners into a substrate in a driving direction, with a driving piston which can be driven in a setting direction in order to push a fastener into the substrate, comprising a) detecting a parameter during a driving-in process, and b) controlling, preferably reducing, a driving-in energy still to be transmitted to the fastening element within the driving-in process as a function of the detected parameter.
  • the transmission of driving-in energy to the fastening element is particularly preferably terminated.
  • An advantageous embodiment is characterized in that part of the driving-in energy provided for the driving-in process is diverted.
  • the recorded parameter includes a force and/or acceleration acting on the fastening element during the driving-in process, in particular transversely to the driving-in direction.
  • a hand-held setting tool 10 for driving fasteners into a substrate is shown.
  • the setting tool 10 is designed as a bolt driver and has a receptacle 20 designed as a bolt guide, in which a fastening element 30 designed as a nail is received in order to be driven into the substrate along a setting axis A (in 1 to the left).
  • the setting tool 10 includes a magazine 40 in which the fasteners are received individually or in a magazine in the form of a fastener strip 50 and are gradually transported into the receptacle 20 .
  • the magazine 40 has a spring-loaded feed element, not designated in any more detail.
  • the setting tool 10 has a driving-in element 60 which includes a piston plate 70 and a piston rod 80 .
  • the driving-in element 60 is intended to convey the fastening element 30 out of the receptacle 20 along the setting axis A into the ground.
  • the driving-in element 60 is guided with its piston plate 70 in a guide cylinder 95 along the setting axis A.
  • the driving-in element 60 is in turn driven by a drive which comprises a squirrel-cage rotor 90 arranged on the piston plate 70, an excitation coil 100, a soft-magnetic frame 105, a circuit 200 and a capacitor 300 with an internal resistance of 5 mOhm.
  • the squirrel-cage rotor 90 consists of a preferably ring-shaped, particularly preferably circular ring-shaped element with a low electrical resistance, for example made of copper, and is attached to the piston plate 70 on the side of the piston plate 70 facing away from the receptacle 20, for example soldered, welded, glued, clamped or positively connected.
  • the piston plate itself is designed as a squirrel-cage rotor.
  • the switching circuit 200 is intended to bring about a rapid electrical discharge of the previously charged capacitor 300 and to conduct the discharge current thereby flowing through the excitation coil 100 which is embedded in the frame 105 .
  • the frame preferably has a saturation flux density of at least 1.0 T and / or an effective specific electrical conductivity of at most 10 6 S / m, so that one of the Excitation coil 100 magnetic field generated by the frame 105 and eddy currents are suppressed in the frame 105.
  • the driving-in element 60 with the piston plate 70 dips into an unspecified annular recess of the frame 105 that the squirrel-cage rotor 90 is arranged at a small distance from the excitation coil 100 .
  • an excitation magnetic field which is generated by a change in an electrical excitation current flowing through the excitation coil, penetrates the squirrel-cage rotor 90 and in turn induces a ring-shaped, circulating electrical secondary current in the squirrel-cage rotor 90 .
  • This building up and thus changing secondary current in turn generates a secondary magnetic field which opposes the excitation magnetic field, as a result of which the squirrel-cage rotor 90 experiences a Lorentz force which is repelled by the excitation coil 100 and drives the driving-in element 60 towards the receptacle 20 and the fastening element 30 received therein .
  • the setting tool 10 further comprises a housing 110, in which the drive is accommodated, a handle 120 with an actuating element 130 designed as a trigger, an electrical energy store 140 designed as an accumulator, a control unit 150, a release switch 160, a pressure switch 170, an temperature sensor 180 arranged on frame 105 for detecting a temperature of exciter coil 100 and electrical connecting lines 141, 161, 171, 181, 201, 301, which connect control unit 150 to electrical energy store 140, release switch 160, pressure switch 170, temperature sensor 180, circuit 200 and capacitor 300 respectively.
  • the setting tool 10 is supplied with electrical energy by means of a mains cable instead of the electrical energy store 140 or in addition to the electrical energy store 140 .
  • the control unit includes electronic components, preferably interconnected on a circuit board to form one or more control circuits, in particular one or more microprocessors.
  • the control unit 150 When the setting tool 10 is attached to a substrate (not shown) (in 1 left) is pressed, a non-specified pressing element actuates the pressing switch 170, which thereby transmits a pressing signal to the control unit 150 by means of the connecting line 171. Triggered by this, the control unit 150 initiates a capacitor charging process, in which electrical energy is transmitted by means of the connecting line 141 from the electrical energy store 140 to the control unit 150 and by means of the connecting lines 301 from the control unit 150 to the capacitor 300 in order to charge the capacitor 300 .
  • the control unit 150 comprises a switching converter, not designated in any more detail, which converts the electrical current from the electrical energy store 140 into a suitable charging current for the capacitor 300 .
  • the setting tool 10 When the capacitor 300 is charged and the driving element 60 is in its in 1 is in the ready-to-set position shown, the setting tool 10 is in a ready-to-set state. Since the capacitor 300 is only charged when the setting tool 10 is pressed against the ground, a setting process is only possible to increase the safety of bystanders when the setting tool 10 is pressed against the ground. In the exemplary embodiments that are not shown, the control unit already initiates the capacitor charging process when the setting tool is switched on or when the setting tool is lifted off the ground or when a previous driving-in process is completed.
  • the actuating element 130 If the actuating element 130 is actuated when the setting tool 10 is ready to be set, for example by pulling with the index finger of the hand gripping the handle 120, the actuating element 130 actuates the release switch 160, which thereby transmits a release signal to the control unit 150 via the connecting line 161. Triggered by this, the control unit 150 initiates a capacitor discharge process, in which electrical energy stored in the capacitor 300 is conducted from the capacitor 300 to the exciter coil 100 by means of the circuit 200 by discharging the capacitor 300 .
  • the circuit 200 shown schematically comprises two discharge lines 210, 220, which connect the capacitor 300 to the excitation coil 200 and of which at least one discharge line 210 is interrupted by a normally open discharge switch 230.
  • Circuit 200 forms an electrical oscillating circuit with excitation coil 100 and capacitor 300 .
  • This resonant circuit oscillating back and forth and/or negative charging of the capacitor 300 may have a negative effect on the efficiency of the drive, but can be prevented with the aid of a freewheeling diode 240 .
  • the discharge lines 210, 220 are electrically connected to an electrode 310, 320 of the capacitor 300, for example by soldering, welding, Screwing, jamming or positive locking.
  • the discharge switch 230 is preferably suitable for switching a discharge current with a high current intensity and is designed, for example, as a thyristor.
  • the discharge lines 210, 220 are at a small distance from one another, so that a parasitic magnetic field induced by them is as small as possible.
  • the discharge lines 210, 220 are combined to form a bus bar and held together with a suitable means, for example a holder or a clip.
  • the freewheeling diode is electrically connected in parallel with the discharge switch. In other exemplary embodiments that are not shown, no freewheeling diode is provided in the circuit.
  • the control unit 150 closes the discharge switch 230 by means of the connecting line 201, as a result of which a discharge current of the capacitor 300 flows through the excitation coil 100 at a high current intensity.
  • the rapidly increasing discharge current induces an excitation magnetic field which penetrates the squirrel-cage rotor 90 and in turn induces a ring-shaped circulating electrical secondary current in the squirrel-cage rotor 90 .
  • This secondary current which builds up in turn generates a secondary magnetic field which opposes the excitation magnetic field, as a result of which the squirrel-cage rotor 90 experiences a Lorentz force which is repelled by the excitation coil 100 and which drives the driving-in element 60 towards the receptacle 20 and the fastening element 30 received therein.
  • the piston rod 80 of the driving-in element 60 hits a head of the fastening element 30 (not designated in any more detail)
  • the fastening element 30 is driven into the ground by the driving-in element 60 .
  • the drive-in element is already in contact with the fastening element before or at the start of the capacitor discharge.
  • the capacitor 300 in particular its center of gravity, is arranged on the setting axis A behind the driving element 60, whereas the receptacle 20 is arranged in front of the driving element 60.
  • the capacitor 300 is therefore arranged axially offset with respect to the drive-in element 60 and radially overlapping with the drive-in element 60 .
  • a short length of the discharge lines 210, 220 can be achieved, as a result of which their resistances can be reduced and the efficiency of the drive can thus be increased.
  • a small distance between a center of gravity of the setting tool 10 and the setting axis A can be implemented. As a result, tilting moments in the event of a recoil of the setting tool 10 during a driving-in process are low.
  • the capacitor is arranged around the drive-in element.
  • the electrodes 310, 320 are arranged on opposite sides of a carrier film 330 wound around a winding axis, for example by metallization of the carrier film 330, in particular vapor-deposited, with the winding axis coinciding with the setting axis A.
  • the carrier film with the electrodes is wound around the winding axis in such a way that a passage remains along the winding axis.
  • the capacitor is arranged around the setting axis, for example.
  • the carrier film 330 With a charging voltage of the capacitor 300 of 1500 V, the carrier film 330 has a film thickness of between 2.5 ⁇ m and 4.8 ⁇ m, with a charging voltage of the capacitor 300 of 3000 V a film thickness of 9.6 ⁇ m, for example.
  • the carrier film is in turn composed of two or more individual films which are layered on top of one another.
  • the electrodes 310, 320 have a sheet resistance of 50 ohms/ ⁇ .
  • a surface of the capacitor 300 has the shape of a cylinder, in particular a circular cylinder, the cylinder axis of which coincides with the setting axis A.
  • a height of this cylinder in the direction of the winding axis is essentially as great as its diameter measured perpendicularly to the winding axis.
  • a low ratio of the height to the diameter of the cylinder results in a low internal resistance with a relatively high capacitance of the capacitor 300 and last but not least a compact design of the setting tool 10 .
  • a low internal resistance of the capacitor 300 is also achieved by a large line cross section of the electrodes 310, 320, in particular by a high layer thickness of the electrodes 310, 320, the effects of the layer thickness on a Self-healing effect and / or a lifetime of the capacitor 300 are to be considered.
  • the capacitor 300 is mounted on the rest of the setting tool 10 in a damped manner by means of a damping element 350 .
  • the damping element 350 dampens movements of the capacitor 300 relative to the rest of the setting device 10 along the setting axis A.
  • the damping element 350 is arranged on the end face 360 of the capacitor 300 and completely covers the end face 360 .
  • the electrical contacts 370, 380 protrude from the end face 360 and penetrate the damping element 350.
  • the damping element 350 has a clearance through which the electrical contacts 370, 380 protrude.
  • the connecting lines 301 each have a relief and/or expansion loop (not shown in detail).
  • a further damping element is arranged on the capacitor, for example on its end face remote from the receptacle.
  • the capacitor is then preferably clamped between two damping elements, that is to say the damping elements are in contact with the capacitor with a bias voltage.
  • the connecting lines have a rigidity which decreases continuously as the distance from the capacitor increases.
  • the setting tool has a housing (not shown), a handle (not shown) with an actuating element, a receptacle (not shown), a magazine (not shown), a driving element (not shown) and a drive for the driving element.
  • the drive comprises a squirrel-cage rotor (not shown) arranged on the driving element, an excitation coil 410, a soft-magnetic frame (not shown), a circuit 420, a capacitor 430, an electrical energy store 440 designed as an accumulator, and a control unit 450 with a direct-current direct-current Transformer (English "DC / DC converter") trained switching converter 451.
  • the switching converter 451 has an electrically connected to the electrical energy store 440 low-voltage side U LV and an electrically connected to the capacitor 430 high-voltage side U HV .
  • the switching circuit 420 is intended to bring about a rapid electrical discharge of the previously charged capacitor 430 and to conduct the discharge current that flows through the excitation coil 410 .
  • the circuit 420 comprises two discharge lines 421, 422, which connect the capacitor 430 to the excitation coil 420 and of which at least one discharge line 421 is interrupted by a normally open discharge switch 423.
  • a freewheeling diode 424 prevents an oscillating circuit formed by circuit 420 with excitation coil 410 and capacitor 430 from excessively oscillating back and forth.
  • the control unit 450 When the setting tool is pressed against the ground, the control unit 450 initiates a capacitor charging process, in which electrical energy is conducted from the electrical energy store 440 to the switching converter 451 of the control unit 450 and from the switching converter 451 to the capacitor 430 in order to charge the capacitor 430 charge.
  • the switching converter 451 converts the electrical current from the electrical energy store 440 at an electrical voltage of 22 V, for example, into a suitable charging current for the capacitor 430 at an electrical voltage of 1500 V, for example.
  • the control unit 450 initiates a capacitor discharge process, in which electrical energy stored in the capacitor 430 is routed from the capacitor 430 to the excitation coil 410 by means of the circuit 420 by discharging the capacitor 430 .
  • the control unit 450 closes the discharge switch 430, as a result of which a discharge current of the capacitor 430 flows through the excitation coil 410 at a high current intensity.
  • the squirrel-cage rotor (not shown) experiences a Lorentz force that is repelled by the excitation coil 410 and drives the driving element. Thereafter, the driving element is returned to a ready-to-set position by a resetting device (not shown).
  • An amount of energy of the current flowing through the excitation coil 410 during the rapid discharge of the capacitor 430 is controlled by the control unit 450, in particular in a continuously variable manner, by adjusting a charging voltage (U HV ) present at the capacitor 430 during and/or at the end of the capacitor charging process and before the start of the rapid discharge will.
  • U HV a charging voltage
  • the current flowing through the capacitor 430 is proportional to the charging voltage and can therefore be controlled by means of the charging voltage.
  • the capacitor is charged during the capacitor charging process until the charging voltage U HV has reached a target value. Then the charging current is switched off. If the charging voltage decreases before the rapid discharge, for example due to parasitic effects, the charging current is switched on again until the charging voltage U HV has reached the target value again.
  • the control unit 450 controls the amount of energy of the current flowing through the excitation coil 410 during the rapid discharge of the capacitor 430 as a function of a number of control variables.
  • the setting tool comprises a means designed as a temperature sensor 460 for detecting a temperature of the excitation coil 410 and a means for detecting a capacitance of the capacitor, which is designed, for example, as a calculation program 470 and the capacitance of the capacitor from a current intensity and an electrical voltage curve of the charging current during the capacitor charging process.
  • the setting tool comprises a means designed as an acceleration sensor 480 for detecting a mechanical load of the setting tool.
  • the setting tool includes a means for detecting a driving depth of the fastener into the ground, which includes an optical, capacitive or inductive proximity sensor 490, for example, which includes a reverse position of the driving element, which is not shown.
  • the setting tool also includes a means for detecting a speed of the driving element, which is a means designed as a first proximity sensor 500 for detecting a first point in time at which the driving element passes a first position during its movement towards the fastening element, a means designed as a second proximity sensor 510 for detecting a second point in time at which the driving-in element passes a second position during its movement towards the fastening element, and a means designed as a calculation program 520 for detecting a time difference between the first point in time and the second point in time.
  • the setting tool comprises an operating element 530 that can be adjusted by a user and a means designed as a barcode reader 540 for detecting a parameter of a fastening element to be driven in.
  • control variables as a function of which control unit 450 controls the amount of energy in the current flowing through excitation coil 410 during the rapid discharge of capacitor 430, include the temperature detected by temperature sensor 460 and/or the the capacitance of the capacitor calculated by calculation program 470 and/or the load magnitude of the setting tool recorded by acceleration sensor 480 and/or the depth of drive of the fastener recorded by proximity sensor 490 and/or the speed of the driving element calculated by calculation program 520 and/or the user set setting of the operating element 530 and/or the parameter of the fastening element detected by the barcode reader 540.
  • the setting tool also includes a sensor device designed as an acceleration sensor 550 for detecting an actual acceleration of the driving element during a driving process and for transmitting a signal that is dependent on the detected actual acceleration to the control unit 450.
  • the control unit 450 includes a memory 560 in which a target -Acceleration of the driving element is stored during a successful driving process. As soon as control unit 450 detects a difference between the target acceleration and the actual acceleration, for example if the driving element is braked more than would be expected during a trouble-free driving process, control unit 450 ends the transmission of driving energy to the fastening element. This is accomplished in that part of the driving energy provided for the driving process is diverted by opening the discharge switch 423 . The discharge current is used to charge the capacitor 430 or the battery 440, for example.
  • the acceleration sensor detects an acceleration acting on the fastening element during the driving-in process, transversely to the driving-in direction.
  • a hand-held setting tool 600 for driving fasteners into a substrate is shown schematically.
  • the setting tool 600 is designed as a bolt driver and has a housing 605 and a receptacle 610 designed as a bolt guide, in which a fastening element (not shown) is accommodated in order to be driven into the ground along a setting axis B (in 3 to the left).
  • the setting tool 600 includes a magazine 620 in which a plurality of fastening elements are received and are gradually transported into the receptacle 610 .
  • the setting tool 600 has a driving-in element 630 designed as a piston, which includes a piston plate 631 and a piston rod 632 .
  • the driving-in element 630 is intended to convey the fastening element out of the receptacle 610 along the setting axis B into the ground.
  • the driving element 630 with his Piston plate 631 is guided in a guide cylinder 640 along the setting axis B, which has a plurality of blow-out openings 645.
  • the driving-in element 630 is in turn driven by a drive 700 which has an overpressure chamber 650 designed as a combustion chamber for a combustion gas.
  • the drive 700 is intended to generate an overpressure in the overpressure chamber 650 in that a fuel in the form of liquid gas is conducted by means of an injection valve 660 from a fuel tank 670 through an injection line 680 into the overpressure chamber 650 and ignited there. Additionally or alternatively, an overpressure is generated in the overpressure chamber 650 in that a compressor 710 supplied with electrical energy by an electric battery 690 directs compressed air into the overpressure chamber 650 by means of a compressed air line 720 .
  • the driving-in element 630 transmits the driving-in energy to the fastening element by means of the piston rod 632.
  • This driving-in process is triggered by a user of the setting tool 600 actuating a trigger 730 designed as a trigger.
  • the setting tool 600 further comprises a control unit 740, a sensor device 750 arranged in the region of the driving-in element 630 and/or the receptacle 610 for detecting an actual acceleration of the driving-in element 630 during a driving-in process, and a first signal line 760 for transmitting one of the actual accelerations detected dependent signal from the sensor device 750 to the control unit 740.
  • the setting tool 600 further comprises a relief valve 770 arranged on the overpressure chamber for releasing excess pressure in the overpressure chamber 650 and a first control line 780 for transmitting a control signal from the control unit 740 to the relief valve 770.
  • the control unit 740 detects an unusual acceleration or deceleration of the driving element 630 by means of a signal transmitted from the sensor device 750 via the signal line 760, the control unit 740 reduces the transmission of driving energy to the driving element 630 and thus to the fastening element. This is accomplished in that the control unit 740 transmits a control signal to the blow-off valve 770 via the control line 780 in order to open the blow-off valve 770 . As a result, any overpressure that may still be present in the overpressure chamber 650 is partially or completely blown off, so that the Driving element is accelerated less or no longer. This reduces the risk of damage to the subsoil due to excessive driving energy.
  • the setting tool comprises an operating element 790, for example a reset button, by means of which a user can reset the control unit 740.

Description

Technisches Gebiettechnical field

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bolzenschubgerät zum Eintreiben von Befestigungselementen in einer Eintreibrichtung in einen Untergrund. Die Erfindung betrifft des Weiteren ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines derartigen Bolzenschubgeräts. Ein Gerät nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 11 ist aus der EP 2 656 974 A2 bekannt.The invention relates to a bolt driver for driving fasteners into a substrate in a driving direction. The invention also relates to a method for operating such a bolt driver. A device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of claim 11 is from EP 2 656 974 A2 famous.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Derartige Bolzenschubgeräte umfassen üblicherweise einen Treibkolben, der in einer Setzrichtung antreibbar ist, um ein Befestigungselement in den Untergrund zu schieben. Insbesondere bei heterogenen Untergründen kann es vorkommen, dass ein Befestigungselement nicht wie gewünscht in den Untergrund eintreibbar ist, sondern beispielsweise von härteren Bestandteilen des Untergrunds abgebremst oder abgelenkt wird. Hierdurch kommt es unter Umständen zu Setzausfällen, bei denen das Befestigungselement und/oder der Untergrund beschädigt werden.Such bolt driving devices usually include a driving piston that can be driven in a setting direction in order to push a fastener into the ground. Particularly in the case of heterogeneous subsoils, it can happen that a fastening element cannot be driven into the subsoil as desired, but is slowed down or deflected, for example, by harder components of the subsoil. This can lead to setting failures in which the fastening element and/or the substrate are damaged.

Aus der EP 2 656 974 A2 ist ein Arbeitsgerät bekannt, welches eine Eintreibenergieinformationseinrichtung umfasst. Durch die Eintreibenergieinformationseinrichtung werden Informationen über die Eintreibenergie vermittelt werden, welche bei einem vorangegangenen Eintreibvorgang abgegeben wurde. Ein Stellglied steht mit der Eintreibenergieinformationseinrichtung in einem regelungstechnischen Wirkzusammenhang, um die bei einem aktuellen Eintreibvorgang abzugebende Eintreibenergiemenge zu regeln. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Setzqualität eines Bolzenschubgeräts zu verbessern.From the EP 2 656 974 A2 a working device is known which comprises a drive-in energy information device. The driving-in energy information device conveys information about the driving-in energy that was delivered during a previous driving-in process. An actuator is connected to the driving-energy information device in a control-technical functional relationship in order to regulate the amount of driving-in energy to be delivered during a current driving-in process. The object of the invention is to improve the setting quality of a bolt driver.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Die Aufgabe ist gelöst bei einem Bolzenschubgerät zum Eintreiben von Befestigungselementen in einer Eintreibrichtung in einen Untergrund, mit einem Treibkolben, der in einer Setzrichtung antreibbar ist, um ein Befestigungselement in den Untergrund zu schieben, mit einer Steuereinheit, welche dafür vorgesehen ist, einen Eintreibvorgang des Bolzenschubgeräts zu steuern, mit einer Sensoreinrichtung zur Erfassung eines Parameters während des Eintreibvorgangs und zur Übermittlung eines von dem erfassten Parameter abhängigen Signals an die Steuereinheit, wobei die Steuereinheit dafür vorgesehen ist, in Abhängigkeit von dem erfassten Parameter eine auf das Befestigungselement innerhalb des Eintreibvorgangs noch zu übertragende Eintreibenergie zu steuern. Dadurch ist es möglich, noch während des Eintreibvorgangs die Eintreibenergie an unvorhergesehene Umstände wie beispielsweise ein ungewöhnliches Abbremsen des Befestigungselements anzupassen, so dass die Gefahr von Setzausfällen und/oder Beschädigungen des Befestigungselements und/oder des Untergrunds reduziert ist.The object is achieved with a bolt driver for driving fasteners into a substrate in a driving direction, with a driving piston which can be driven in a setting direction in order to push a fastener into the substrate, with a control unit which is intended to carry out a driving process of the to control the bolt driver, with a sensor device for detecting a parameter during the driving-in process and for transmitting a signal dependent on the detected parameter to the control unit, with the control unit being provided for, depending on the detected parameter, still approaching the fastening element within the driving-in process to control transmitted drive-in energy. This makes it possible to adapt the driving-in energy to unforeseen circumstances, such as unusual braking of the fastening element, while the driving-in process is still in progress, so that the risk of setting failures and/or damage to the fastening element and/or the substrate is reduced.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit dafür vorgesehen ist, die auf das Befestigungselement innerhalb des Eintreibvorgangs noch zu übertragende Eintreibenergie zu reduzieren. Bevorzugt ist die Steuereinheit dafür vorgesehen, die Übertragung von Eintreibenergie auf das Befestigungselement zu beenden.An advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the control unit is provided for reducing the driving-in energy still to be transmitted to the fastening element during the driving-in process. The control unit is preferably provided for ending the transmission of driving-in energy to the fastening element.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit dafür vorgesehen ist, einen Teil einer für den Eintreibvorgang bereitgestellten Eintreibenergie umzuleiten.An advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the control unit is provided for diverting part of the driving-in energy provided for the driving-in process.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erfasste Parameter eine auf das Befestigungselement während des Eintreibvorgangs einwirkende Kraft und/oder Beschleunigung, bevorzugt quer zur Eintreibrichtung, umfasst.An advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the recorded parameter includes a force and/or acceleration acting on the fastening element during the driving-in process, preferably transversely to the driving-in direction.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bolzenschubgerät einen Antrieb umfasst, welcher dafür vorgesehen ist, Eintreibenergie auf den Treibkolben zu übertragen, während der Treibkolben das Befestigungselement in den Untergrund eintreibt. Bevorzugt umfasst der Antrieb eine Überdruckkammer und ist dafür vorgesehen, in der Überdruckkammer einen Überdruck zu erzeugen und den Überdruck auf den Treibkolben einwirken zu lassen, um Eintreibenergie auf den Treibkolben zu übertragen, wobei die Überdruckkammer ein von der Steuereinheit steuerbares Abblasventil aufweist, und wobei die Steuereinheit dafür vorgesehen ist, die auf das Befestigungselement innerhalb des Eintreibvorgangs noch zu übertragende Eintreibenergie durch Öffnen des Abblasventils während des Eintreibvorgangs zu steuern. Besonders bevorzugt umfasst die Überdruckkammer eine Brennkammer für einen festen, flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoff. Ebenfalls bevorzugt umfasst der Antrieb einen elektrischen Energiespeicher und eine Spule und ist dafür vorgesehen, den elektrischen Energiespeicher elektrisch aufzuladen, schlagartig zu entladen, einen dabei auftretenden Entladestrom durch die Spule zu leiten und eine dabei freiwerdende elektromagnetische Energie auf den Treibkolben einwirken zu lassen, um Eintreibenergie auf den Treibkolben zu übertragen, wobei der Antrieb einen Schalter umfasst, mit welchem ein Stromfluss durch die Spule steuerbar ist, und wobei die Steuereinheit dafür vorgesehen ist, die auf das Befestigungselement innerhalb des Eintreibvorgangs noch zu übertragende Eintreibenergie durch Betätigen des Schalters während des Eintreibvorgangs zu steuern.An advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the bolt driver comprises a drive which is provided for transferring driving-in energy to the driving piston while the driving piston drives the fastening element into the ground. The drive preferably includes an overpressure chamber and is intended to generate an overpressure in the overpressure chamber and to allow the overpressure to act on the drive piston in order to transfer driving energy to the drive piston, the overpressure chamber having a relief valve that can be controlled by the control unit, and where the control unit is provided for controlling the driving-in energy still to be transmitted to the fastening element within the driving-in process by opening the blow-off valve during the driving-in process. The overpressure chamber particularly preferably comprises a combustion chamber for a solid, liquid or gaseous fuel. The drive also preferably includes an electrical energy store and a coil and is intended to electrically charge the electrical energy store, discharge it suddenly, conduct a discharge current that occurs through the coil and allow the electromagnetic energy released to act on the driving piston to generate driving energy to the driving piston, wherein the drive comprises a switch with which a current flow through the coil can be controlled, and wherein the control unit is provided for the driving energy still to be transmitted to the fastening element within the driving-in process by actuating the switch during the driving-in process Taxes.

Die Aufgabe ist ebenfalls gelöst bei einem Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Bolzenschubgeräts zum Eintreiben von Befestigungselementen in einer Eintreibrichtung in einen Untergrund, mit einem Treibkolben, der in einer Setzrichtung antreibbar ist, um ein Befestigungselement in den Untergrund zu schieben, umfassend a) Erfassen eines Parameters während eines Eintreibvorgangs, und b) Steuern, bevorzugt Reduzieren, einer auf das Befestigungselement innerhalb des Eintreibvorgangs noch zu übertragende Eintreibenergie in Abhängigkeit von dem erfassten Parameter. Besonders bevorzugt wird die Übertragung von Eintreibenergie auf das Befestigungselement beendet.The object is also achieved with a method for operating a bolt driver for driving fasteners into a substrate in a driving direction, with a driving piston which can be driven in a setting direction in order to push a fastener into the substrate, comprising a) detecting a parameter during a driving-in process, and b) controlling, preferably reducing, a driving-in energy still to be transmitted to the fastening element within the driving-in process as a function of the detected parameter. The transmission of driving-in energy to the fastening element is particularly preferably terminated.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Teil einer für den Eintreibvorgang bereitgestellten Eintreibenergie umgeleitet wird. Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erfasste Parameter eine auf das Befestigungselement während des Eintreibvorgangs einwirkende Kraft und/oder Beschleunigung insbesondere quer zur Eintreibrichtung umfasst.An advantageous embodiment is characterized in that part of the driving-in energy provided for the driving-in process is diverted. A further advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the recorded parameter includes a force and/or acceleration acting on the fastening element during the driving-in process, in particular transversely to the driving-in direction.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele im Einzelnen beschrieben sind. Es zeigen.

  • Fig. 1 ein Setzgerät in einem Längsschnitt,
  • Fig. 2 ein Schaltdiagramm des Setzgeräts aus Fig. 1 und
  • Fig. 3 schematisch ein Setzgerät in einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description, in which various exemplary embodiments are described in detail with reference to the drawing. Show it.
  • 1 a setting tool in a longitudinal section,
  • 2 a circuit diagram of the setting tool 1 and
  • 3 schematically a setting tool in a further embodiment.

Ausführungsbeispieleexemplary embodiments

In Fig. 1 ist ein handgeführtes Setzgerät 10 zum Eintreiben von Befestigungselementen in einen nicht gezeigten Untergrund dargestellt. Das Setzgerät 10 ist als Bolzenschubgerät ausgebildet und weist eine als Bolzenführung ausgebildete Aufnahme 20 auf, in welcher ein als Nagel ausgebildetes Befestigungselement 30 aufgenommen ist, um entlang einer Setzachse A in den Untergrund eingetrieben zu werden (in Fig. 1 nach links). Für eine Zuführung von Befestigungselementen zu der Aufnahme umfasst das Setzgerät 10 ein Magazin 40, in welchem die Befestigungselemente einzeln oder in Form eines Befestigungselementestreifens 50 magaziniert aufgenommen sind und nach und nach in die Aufnahme 20 transportiert werden. Das Magazin 40 weist dafür ein nicht näher bezeichnetes federbeaufschlagtes Vorschubelement auf. Das Setzgerät 10 weist ein Eintreibelement 60 auf, welches einen Kolbenteller 70 und eine Kolbenstange 80 umfasst. Das Eintreibelement 60 ist dafür vorgesehen, das Befestigungselement 30 aus der Aufnahme 20 heraus entlang der Setzachse A in den Untergrund zu befördern. Hierbei ist das Eintreibelement 60 mit seinem Kolbenteller 70 in einem Führungszylinder 95 entlang der Setzachse A geführt.In 1 a hand-held setting tool 10 for driving fasteners into a substrate, not shown, is shown. The setting tool 10 is designed as a bolt driver and has a receptacle 20 designed as a bolt guide, in which a fastening element 30 designed as a nail is received in order to be driven into the substrate along a setting axis A (in 1 to the left). For feeding fasteners to the receptacle, the setting tool 10 includes a magazine 40 in which the fasteners are received individually or in a magazine in the form of a fastener strip 50 and are gradually transported into the receptacle 20 . For this purpose, the magazine 40 has a spring-loaded feed element, not designated in any more detail. The setting tool 10 has a driving-in element 60 which includes a piston plate 70 and a piston rod 80 . The driving-in element 60 is intended to convey the fastening element 30 out of the receptacle 20 along the setting axis A into the ground. Here, the driving-in element 60 is guided with its piston plate 70 in a guide cylinder 95 along the setting axis A.

Das Eintreibelement 60 wird seinerseits von einem Antrieb angetrieben, welcher einen an dem Kolbenteller 70 angeordneten Kurzschlussläufer 90, eine Erregerspule 100, einen weichmagnetischen Rahmen 105, einen Schaltkreislauf 200 und einen Kondensator 300 mit einem Innenwiderstand von 5 mOhm umfasst. Der Kurzschlussläufer 90 besteht aus einem bevorzugt ringförmigen, besonders bevorzugt kreisringförmigen Element mit einem geringen elektrischen Widerstand, beispielsweise aus Kupfer, und ist auf der von der Aufnahme 20 abgewandten Seite des Kolbentellers 70 an dem Kolbenteller 70 befestigt, beispielsweise verlötet, verschweisst, verklebt, geklemmt oder formschlüssig verbunden. Bei nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen ist der Kolbenteller selbst als Kurzschlussläufer ausgebildet. Der Schaltkreislauf 200 ist dafür vorgesehen, eine elektrische Schnellentladung des zuvor aufgeladenen Kondensators 300 herbeizuführen und den dabei fliessenden Entladestrom durch die Erregerspule 100 zu leiten, welche in dem Rahmen 105 eingebettet ist. Der Rahmen weist bevorzugt eine Sättigungsflussdichte von mindestens 1,0 T und/oder eine effektive spezifische elektrische Leitfähigkeit von höchstens 106 S/m auf, so dass ein von der Erregerspule 100 erzeugtes Magnetfeld von dem Rahmen 105 verstärkt und Wirbelströme in dem Rahmen 105 unterdrückt werden.The driving-in element 60 is in turn driven by a drive which comprises a squirrel-cage rotor 90 arranged on the piston plate 70, an excitation coil 100, a soft-magnetic frame 105, a circuit 200 and a capacitor 300 with an internal resistance of 5 mOhm. The squirrel-cage rotor 90 consists of a preferably ring-shaped, particularly preferably circular ring-shaped element with a low electrical resistance, for example made of copper, and is attached to the piston plate 70 on the side of the piston plate 70 facing away from the receptacle 20, for example soldered, welded, glued, clamped or positively connected. In the exemplary embodiments that are not shown, the piston plate itself is designed as a squirrel-cage rotor. The switching circuit 200 is intended to bring about a rapid electrical discharge of the previously charged capacitor 300 and to conduct the discharge current thereby flowing through the excitation coil 100 which is embedded in the frame 105 . The frame preferably has a saturation flux density of at least 1.0 T and / or an effective specific electrical conductivity of at most 10 6 S / m, so that one of the Excitation coil 100 magnetic field generated by the frame 105 and eddy currents are suppressed in the frame 105.

In einer setzbereiten Position des Eintreibelements 60 (Fig. 1) taucht das Eintreibelement 60 mit dem Kolbenteller 70 so in eine nicht näher bezeichnete ringförmige Vertiefung des Rahmens 105 ein, dass der Kurzschlussläufer 90 in geringem Abstand gegenüber der Erregerspule 100 angeordnet ist. Dadurch durchsetzt ein Erregermagnetfeld, welches durch eine Änderung eines durch die Erregerspule fliessenden elektrischen Erregerstroms erzeugt wird, den Kurzschlussläufer 90 und induziert in dem Kurzschlussläufer 90 seinerseits einen ringförmig umlaufenden elektrischen Sekundärstrom. Dieser sich aufbauende und damit sich ändernde Sekundärstrom erzeugt wiederum ein Sekundärmagnetfeld, welches dem Erregermagnetfeld entgegengesetzt ist, wodurch der Kurzschlussläufer 90 eine von der Erregerspule 100 abstossende Lorentz-Kraft erfährt, welche das Eintreibelement 60 auf die Aufnahme 20 sowie das darin aufgenommene Befestigungselement 30 zu antreibt.In a ready-to-set position of the driving element 60 ( 1 ) the driving-in element 60 with the piston plate 70 dips into an unspecified annular recess of the frame 105 that the squirrel-cage rotor 90 is arranged at a small distance from the excitation coil 100 . As a result, an excitation magnetic field, which is generated by a change in an electrical excitation current flowing through the excitation coil, penetrates the squirrel-cage rotor 90 and in turn induces a ring-shaped, circulating electrical secondary current in the squirrel-cage rotor 90 . This building up and thus changing secondary current in turn generates a secondary magnetic field which opposes the excitation magnetic field, as a result of which the squirrel-cage rotor 90 experiences a Lorentz force which is repelled by the excitation coil 100 and drives the driving-in element 60 towards the receptacle 20 and the fastening element 30 received therein .

Das Setzgerät 10 umfasst weiterhin ein Gehäuse 110, in welchem der Antrieb aufgenommen ist, einen Griff 120 mit einem als Abzug ausgebildeten Betätigungselement 130, einen als Akkumulator ausgebildeten elektrischen Energiespeicher 140, eine Steuereinheit 150, einen Auslöseschalter 160, einen Anpressschalter 170, ein als an dem Rahmen 105 angeordneter Temperatursensor 180 ausgebildetes Mittel zur Erfassung einer Temperatur der Erregerspule 100 und elektrische Verbindungsleitungen 141, 161, 171, 181, 201, 301, welche die Steuereinheit 150 mit dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 140, dem Auslöseschalter 160, dem Anpressschalter 170, dem Temperatursensor 180, dem Schaltkreislauf 200 beziehungsweise dem Kondensator 300 verbinden. Bei nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen wird das Setzgerät 10 anstelle des elektrischen Energiespeichers 140 oder zusätzlich zu dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 140 mittels eines Netzkabels mit elektrischer Energie versorgt. Die Steuereinheit umfasst elektronische Bauteile, vorzugsweise auf einer Platine miteinander zu einem oder mehreren Steuerstromkreisen verschaltet, insbesondere einen oder mehrere Mikroprozessoren.The setting tool 10 further comprises a housing 110, in which the drive is accommodated, a handle 120 with an actuating element 130 designed as a trigger, an electrical energy store 140 designed as an accumulator, a control unit 150, a release switch 160, a pressure switch 170, an temperature sensor 180 arranged on frame 105 for detecting a temperature of exciter coil 100 and electrical connecting lines 141, 161, 171, 181, 201, 301, which connect control unit 150 to electrical energy store 140, release switch 160, pressure switch 170, temperature sensor 180, circuit 200 and capacitor 300 respectively. In the exemplary embodiments that are not shown, the setting tool 10 is supplied with electrical energy by means of a mains cable instead of the electrical energy store 140 or in addition to the electrical energy store 140 . The control unit includes electronic components, preferably interconnected on a circuit board to form one or more control circuits, in particular one or more microprocessors.

Wenn das Setzgerät 10 an einen nicht gezeigten Untergrund (in Fig. 1 links) angepresst wird, betätigt ein nicht näher bezeichnetes Anpresselement den Anpressschalter 170, welcher dadurch mittels der Verbindungsleitung 171 ein Anpresssignal an die Steuereinheit 150 überträgt. Davon ausgelöst leitet die Steuereinheit 150 einen Kondensator-Aufladevorgang ein, bei welchem elektrische Energie mittels der Verbindungsleitung 141 von dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 140 zu der Steuereinheit 150 und mittels der Verbindungsleitungen 301 von der Steuereinheit 150 zu dem Kondensator 300 geleitet wird, um den Kondensator 300 aufzuladen. Die Steuereinheit 150 umfasst hierzu einen nicht näher bezeichneten Schaltwandler, welcher den elektrischen Strom aus dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 140 in einen geeigneten Ladestrom für den Kondensator 300 umwandelt. Wenn der Kondensator 300 aufgeladen und das Eintreibelement 60 in seiner in Fig. 1 dargestellten setzbereiten Position ist, befindet sich das Setzgerät 10 in einem setzbereiten Zustand. Dadurch, dass die Aufladung des Kondensators 300 erst durch das Anpressen des Setzgeräts 10 an den Untergrund bewirkt wird, ist zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit von umstehenden Personen ein Setzvorgang nur dann ermöglicht, wenn das Setzgerät 10 an den Untergrund angepresst ist. Bei nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen leitet die Steuereinheit den Kondensator-Aufladevorgang bereits bei einem Einschalten des Setzgeräts oder bei einem Abheben des Setzgeräts von dem Untergrund oder bei Beendigung eines vorausgegangenen Eintreibvorgangs ein.When the setting tool 10 is attached to a substrate (not shown) (in 1 left) is pressed, a non-specified pressing element actuates the pressing switch 170, which thereby transmits a pressing signal to the control unit 150 by means of the connecting line 171. Triggered by this, the control unit 150 initiates a capacitor charging process, in which electrical energy is transmitted by means of the connecting line 141 from the electrical energy store 140 to the control unit 150 and by means of the connecting lines 301 from the control unit 150 to the capacitor 300 in order to charge the capacitor 300 . For this purpose, the control unit 150 comprises a switching converter, not designated in any more detail, which converts the electrical current from the electrical energy store 140 into a suitable charging current for the capacitor 300 . When the capacitor 300 is charged and the driving element 60 is in its in 1 is in the ready-to-set position shown, the setting tool 10 is in a ready-to-set state. Since the capacitor 300 is only charged when the setting tool 10 is pressed against the ground, a setting process is only possible to increase the safety of bystanders when the setting tool 10 is pressed against the ground. In the exemplary embodiments that are not shown, the control unit already initiates the capacitor charging process when the setting tool is switched on or when the setting tool is lifted off the ground or when a previous driving-in process is completed.

Wenn bei setzbereitem Setzgerät 10 das Betätigungselement 130 betätigt wird, beispielsweise durch Ziehen mit dem Zeigefinger der Hand, welche den Griff 120 umgreift, betätigt das Betätigungselement 130 den Auslöseschalter 160, welcher dadurch mittels der Verbindungsleitung 161 ein Auslösesignal an die Steuereinheit 150 überträgt. Davon ausgelöst leitet die Steuereinheit 150 einen Kondensator-Entladevorgang ein, bei dem in dem Kondensator 300 gespeicherte elektrische Energie mittels des Schaltkreislaufs 200 von dem Kondensator 300 zu der Erregerspule 100 geleitet wird, indem der Kondensator 300 entladen wird.If the actuating element 130 is actuated when the setting tool 10 is ready to be set, for example by pulling with the index finger of the hand gripping the handle 120, the actuating element 130 actuates the release switch 160, which thereby transmits a release signal to the control unit 150 via the connecting line 161. Triggered by this, the control unit 150 initiates a capacitor discharge process, in which electrical energy stored in the capacitor 300 is conducted from the capacitor 300 to the exciter coil 100 by means of the circuit 200 by discharging the capacitor 300 .

Der in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellte Schaltkreislauf 200 umfasst hierzu zwei Entladeleitungen 210, 220, welche den Kondensator 300 mit der Erregerspule 200 verbinden und von denen zumindest eine Entladeleitung 210 von einem normalerweise geöffneten Entladeschalter 230 unterbrochen ist. Der Schaltkreislauf 200 bildet mit der Erregerspule 100 und dem Kondensator 300 einen elektrischen Schwingkreis. Ein Hin- und Herschwingen dieses Schwingkreises und/oder ein negatives Aufladen des Kondensators 300 wirkt sich unter Umständen negativ auf einen Wirkungsgrad des Antriebs aus, lässt sich aber mit Hilfe einer Freilaufdiode 240 unterbinden. Die Entladeleitungen 210, 220 sind mittels an einer der Aufnahme 20 zugewandten Stirnseite 360 des Kondensators 300 angeordneter elektrischer Kontakte 370, 380 des Kondensators 300 elektrisch mit jeweils einer Elektrode 310, 320 des Kondensators 300 verbunden, beispielsweise durch Verlöten, Verschweissen, Verschrauben, Verklemmen oder Formschluss. Der Entladeschalter 230 eignet sich vorzugsweise zum Schalten eines Entladestroms mit hoher Stromstärke und ist beispielsweise als Thyristor ausgebildet. Ausserdem haben die Entladeleitungen 210, 220 einen geringen Abstand zueinander, damit ein von ihnen induziertes parasitäres Magnetfeld möglichst gering ist. Beispielsweise sind die Entladeleitungen 210, 220 zu einer Sammelschiene ("Bus Bar") zusammengefasst und mit einem geeigneten Mittel, beispielsweise einem Halter oder einer Klammer, zusammengehalten. Bei nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen ist die Freilaufdiode elektrisch parallel zu dem Entladeschalter geschaltet. Bei weiteren nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen ist keine Freilaufdiode in dem Schaltkreis vorgesehen.the inside 1 For this purpose, the circuit 200 shown schematically comprises two discharge lines 210, 220, which connect the capacitor 300 to the excitation coil 200 and of which at least one discharge line 210 is interrupted by a normally open discharge switch 230. Circuit 200 forms an electrical oscillating circuit with excitation coil 100 and capacitor 300 . This resonant circuit oscillating back and forth and/or negative charging of the capacitor 300 may have a negative effect on the efficiency of the drive, but can be prevented with the aid of a freewheeling diode 240 . The discharge lines 210, 220 are electrically connected to an electrode 310, 320 of the capacitor 300, for example by soldering, welding, Screwing, jamming or positive locking. The discharge switch 230 is preferably suitable for switching a discharge current with a high current intensity and is designed, for example, as a thyristor. In addition, the discharge lines 210, 220 are at a small distance from one another, so that a parasitic magnetic field induced by them is as small as possible. For example, the discharge lines 210, 220 are combined to form a bus bar and held together with a suitable means, for example a holder or a clip. In the case of exemplary embodiments that are not shown, the freewheeling diode is electrically connected in parallel with the discharge switch. In other exemplary embodiments that are not shown, no freewheeling diode is provided in the circuit.

Zur Einleitung des Kondensator-Entladevorgangs schliesst die Steuereinheit 150 mittels der Verbindungsleitung 201 den Entladeschalter 230, wodurch ein Entladestrom des Kondensators 300 mit hoher Stromstärke durch die Erregerspule 100 fliesst. Der schnell ansteigende Entladestrom induziert ein Erregermagnetfeld, welches den Kurzschlussläufer 90 durchsetzt und in dem Kurzschlussläufer 90 seinerseits einen ringförmig umlaufenden elektrischen Sekundärstrom induziert. Dieser sich aufbauende Sekundärstrom erzeugt wiederum ein Sekundärmagnetfeld, welches dem Erregermagnetfeld entgegengesetzt ist, wodurch der Kurzschlussläufer 90 eine von der Erregerspule 100 abstossende Lorentz-Kraft erfährt, welche das Eintreibelement 60 auf die Aufnahme 20 sowie das darin aufgenommene Befestigungselement 30 zu antreibt. Sobald die Kolbenstange 80 des Eintreibelements 60 auf einen nicht näher bezeichneten Kopf des Befestigungselements 30 trifft, wird das Befestigungselement 30 von dem Eintreibelement 60 in den Untergrund eingetrieben. Bei nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen liegt das Eintreibelement bereits vor oder zu Beginn der Kondensatorentladung an dem Befestigungselement an. Dadurch ist es verstärkt möglich, Eintreibenergie auf das Eintreibelement zu übertragen, während das Eintreibelement das Befestigungselement in den Untergrund eintreibt. Überschüssige Bewegungsenergie des Eintreibelements 60 wird von einem Bremselement 85 aus einem federelastischen und/oder dämpfenden Material, beispielsweise Gummi, aufgenommen, indem sich das Eintreibelement 60 mit dem Kolbenteller 70 gegen das Bremselement 85 bewegt und von diesem bis zu einem Stillstand abgebremst wird. Danach wird das Eintreibelement 60 von einer nicht näher bezeichneten Rückstellvorrichtung in die setzbereite Position zurückgestellt.To initiate the capacitor discharge process, the control unit 150 closes the discharge switch 230 by means of the connecting line 201, as a result of which a discharge current of the capacitor 300 flows through the excitation coil 100 at a high current intensity. The rapidly increasing discharge current induces an excitation magnetic field which penetrates the squirrel-cage rotor 90 and in turn induces a ring-shaped circulating electrical secondary current in the squirrel-cage rotor 90 . This secondary current which builds up in turn generates a secondary magnetic field which opposes the excitation magnetic field, as a result of which the squirrel-cage rotor 90 experiences a Lorentz force which is repelled by the excitation coil 100 and which drives the driving-in element 60 towards the receptacle 20 and the fastening element 30 received therein. As soon as the piston rod 80 of the driving-in element 60 hits a head of the fastening element 30 (not designated in any more detail), the fastening element 30 is driven into the ground by the driving-in element 60 . In the case of exemplary embodiments that are not shown, the drive-in element is already in contact with the fastening element before or at the start of the capacitor discharge. As a result, it is increasingly possible to transfer driving-in energy to the driving-in element while the driving-in element drives the fastening element into the ground. Excess kinetic energy of the driving element 60 is absorbed by a braking element 85 made of a resilient and/or damping material, for example rubber, in that the driving element 60 moves with the piston plate 70 against the braking element 85 and is braked by the latter until it comes to a standstill. Thereafter, the driving-in element 60 is returned to the ready-to-set position by a resetting device, which is not specified in more detail.

Der Kondensator 300, insbesondere sein Schwerpunkt, ist auf der Setzachse A hinter dem Eintreibelement 60 angeordnet, wohingegen die Aufnahme 20 vor dem Eintreibelement 60 angeordnet ist. In Bezug auf die Setzachse A ist der Kondensator 300 also axial versetzt zu dem Eintreibelement 60 und radial überlappend mit dem Eintreibelement 60 angeordnet. Dadurch lässt sich einerseits eine geringe Länge der Entladeleitungen 210, 220 verwirklichen, wodurch sich deren Widerstände reduzieren und damit ein Wirkungsgrad des Antriebs erhöhen lässt. Andererseits lässt sich ein geringer Abstand eines Schwerpunkts des Setzgeräts 10 zur Setzachse A verwirklichen. Dadurch sind Kippmomente bei einem Rückstoss des Setzgeräts 10 während eines Eintreibvorgangs gering. Bei einem nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Kondensator um das Eintreibelement herum angeordnet.The capacitor 300, in particular its center of gravity, is arranged on the setting axis A behind the driving element 60, whereas the receptacle 20 is arranged in front of the driving element 60. In relation to the setting axis A, the capacitor 300 is therefore arranged axially offset with respect to the drive-in element 60 and radially overlapping with the drive-in element 60 . As a result, on the one hand, a short length of the discharge lines 210, 220 can be achieved, as a result of which their resistances can be reduced and the efficiency of the drive can thus be increased. On the other hand, a small distance between a center of gravity of the setting tool 10 and the setting axis A can be implemented. As a result, tilting moments in the event of a recoil of the setting tool 10 during a driving-in process are low. In an embodiment that is not shown, the capacitor is arranged around the drive-in element.

Die Elektroden 310, 320 sind auf einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten an einer um eine Wickelachse aufgewickelten Trägerfolie 330 angeordnet, beispielsweise durch Metallisierung der Trägerfolie 330, insbesondere aufgedampft, wobei die Wickelachse mit der Setzachse A zusammenfällt. Bei nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen ist die Trägerfolie mit den Elektroden so um die Wickelachse gewickelt, dass ein Durchlass entlang der Wickelachse verbleibt. Insbesondere in diesem Fall ist der Kondensator beispielsweise um die Setzachse herum angeordnet. Die Trägerfolie 330 weist bei einer Ladespannung des Kondensators 300 von 1500 V eine Foliendicke zwischen 2,5 µm und 4,8 µm, bei einer Ladespannung des Kondensators 300 von 3000 V eine Foliendicke von beispielesweise 9,6 µm auf. Bei nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen ist die Trägerfolie ihrerseits aus zwei oder mehr übereinandergeschichteten Einzelfolien zusammengesetzt. Die Elektroden 310, 320 weisen einen Schichtwiderstand von 50 Ohm/□ auf.The electrodes 310, 320 are arranged on opposite sides of a carrier film 330 wound around a winding axis, for example by metallization of the carrier film 330, in particular vapor-deposited, with the winding axis coinciding with the setting axis A. In the case of exemplary embodiments that are not shown, the carrier film with the electrodes is wound around the winding axis in such a way that a passage remains along the winding axis. In this case in particular, the capacitor is arranged around the setting axis, for example. With a charging voltage of the capacitor 300 of 1500 V, the carrier film 330 has a film thickness of between 2.5 μm and 4.8 μm, with a charging voltage of the capacitor 300 of 3000 V a film thickness of 9.6 μm, for example. In the case of exemplary embodiments which are not shown, the carrier film is in turn composed of two or more individual films which are layered on top of one another. The electrodes 310, 320 have a sheet resistance of 50 ohms/□.

Eine Oberfläche des Kondensators 300 hat die Form eines Zylinders, insbesondere Kreiszylinders, dessen Zylinderachse mit der Setzachse A zusammenfällt. Eine Höhe dieses Zylinders in Richtung der Wickelachse ist im Wesentlichen so gross wie sein senkrecht zur Wickelachse gemessener Durchmesser. Durch ein geringes Verhältnis von Höhe zu Durchmesser des Zylinders werden ein geringer Innenwiderstand bei relativ hoher Kapazität des Kondensators 300 und nicht zuletzt eine kompakte Bauweise des Setzgeräts 10 erreicht. Ein geringer Innenwiderstand des Kondensators 300 wird auch durch einen grossen Leitungsquerschnitt der Elektroden 310, 320 erreicht, insbesondere durch eine hohe Schichtdicke der Elektroden 310, 320, wobei die Auswirkungen der Schichtdicke auf einen Selbstheilungseffekt und/oder eine Lebensdauer des Kondensators 300 zu berücksichtigen sind.A surface of the capacitor 300 has the shape of a cylinder, in particular a circular cylinder, the cylinder axis of which coincides with the setting axis A. A height of this cylinder in the direction of the winding axis is essentially as great as its diameter measured perpendicularly to the winding axis. A low ratio of the height to the diameter of the cylinder results in a low internal resistance with a relatively high capacitance of the capacitor 300 and last but not least a compact design of the setting tool 10 . A low internal resistance of the capacitor 300 is also achieved by a large line cross section of the electrodes 310, 320, in particular by a high layer thickness of the electrodes 310, 320, the effects of the layer thickness on a Self-healing effect and / or a lifetime of the capacitor 300 are to be considered.

Der Kondensator 300 ist mittels eines Dämpfelements 350 gedämpft an dem übrigen Setzgerät 10 gelagert. Das Dämpfelement 350 dämpft Bewegungen des Kondensators 300 relativ zum übrigen Setzgerät 10 entlang der Setzachse A. Das Dämpfelement 350 ist an der Stirnseite 360 des Kondensators 300 angeordnet und bedeckt die Stirnseite 360 vollständig. Dadurch werden die einzelnen Wicklungen der Trägerfolie 330 von einem Rückstoss des Setzgeräts 10 gleichmässig belastet. Die elektrischen Kontakte 370, 380 ragen dabei von der Stirnfläche 360 ab und durchdringen das Dämpfelement 350. Das Dämpfelement 350 weist zu diesem Zweck jeweils eine Freistellung auf, durch welche die elektrischen Kontakte 370, 380 hindurchragen. Die Verbindungsleitungen 301 weisen zum Ausgleich von Relativbewegungen zwischen dem Kondensator 300 und dem übrigen Setzgerät 10 jeweils eine nicht näher dargestellte Entlastungs- und/oder Dehnungsschlaufe auf. Bei nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen ist ein weiteres Dämpfelement an dem Kondensator angeordnet, beispielsweise an dessen von der Aufnahme abgewandten Stirnseite. Bevorzugt ist der Kondensator dann zwischen zwei Dämpfelementen eingespannt, das heisst die Dämpfelemente liegen mit einer Vorspannung an dem Kondensator an. Bei weiteren nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen weisen die Verbindungsleitungen eine Steifigkeit auf, welche mit zunehmendem Abstand vom Kondensator kontinuierlich abnimmt.The capacitor 300 is mounted on the rest of the setting tool 10 in a damped manner by means of a damping element 350 . The damping element 350 dampens movements of the capacitor 300 relative to the rest of the setting device 10 along the setting axis A. The damping element 350 is arranged on the end face 360 of the capacitor 300 and completely covers the end face 360 . As a result, the individual windings of the carrier foil 330 are evenly loaded by a recoil of the setting tool 10 . The electrical contacts 370, 380 protrude from the end face 360 and penetrate the damping element 350. For this purpose, the damping element 350 has a clearance through which the electrical contacts 370, 380 protrude. To compensate for relative movements between the capacitor 300 and the rest of the setting device 10, the connecting lines 301 each have a relief and/or expansion loop (not shown in detail). In exemplary embodiments that are not shown, a further damping element is arranged on the capacitor, for example on its end face remote from the receptacle. The capacitor is then preferably clamped between two damping elements, that is to say the damping elements are in contact with the capacitor with a bias voltage. In further exemplary embodiments which are not shown, the connecting lines have a rigidity which decreases continuously as the distance from the capacitor increases.

In Fig. 2 ist ein elektrisches Schaltdiagramm 400 eines nicht weiter gezeigten Setzgeräts zum Eintreiben von Befestigungselementen in einen nicht gezeigten Untergrund dargestellt. Das Setzgerät weist ein nicht gezeigtes Gehäuse, einen nicht gezeigten Griff mit einem Betätigungselement, eine nicht gezeigte Aufnahme, ein nicht gezeigtes Magazin, ein nicht gezeigtes Eintreibelement und einen Antrieb für das Eintreibelement auf. Der Antrieb umfasst einen nicht gezeigten, an dem Eintreibelement angeordneten Kurzschlussläufer, eine Erregerspule 410, einen nicht gezeigten weichmagnetischen Rahmen, einen Schaltkreislauf 420, einen Kondensator 430, einen als Akkumulator ausgebildeten elektrischen Energiespeicher 440 und eine Steuereinheit 450 mit einem beispielsweise als Gleichstrom-Gleichstrom-Transformator (englisch «DC/DC converter») ausgebildeten Schaltwandler 451. Der Schaltwandler 451 weist eine elektrisch mit dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 440 verbundene Niederspannungsseite ULV und eine elektrisch mit dem Kondensator 430 verbundene Hochspannungsseite UHV auf.In 2 an electrical circuit diagram 400 of a setting tool, not shown, for driving fasteners into a substrate, not shown, is shown. The setting tool has a housing (not shown), a handle (not shown) with an actuating element, a receptacle (not shown), a magazine (not shown), a driving element (not shown) and a drive for the driving element. The drive comprises a squirrel-cage rotor (not shown) arranged on the driving element, an excitation coil 410, a soft-magnetic frame (not shown), a circuit 420, a capacitor 430, an electrical energy store 440 designed as an accumulator, and a control unit 450 with a direct-current direct-current Transformer (English "DC / DC converter") trained switching converter 451. The switching converter 451 has an electrically connected to the electrical energy store 440 low-voltage side U LV and an electrically connected to the capacitor 430 high-voltage side U HV .

Der Schaltkreislauf 420 ist dafür vorgesehen, eine elektrische Schnellentladung des zuvor aufgeladenen Kondensators 430 herbeizuführen und den dabei fliessenden Entladestrom durch die Erregerspule 410 zu leiten. Der Schaltkreislauf 420 umfasst hierzu zwei Entladeleitungen 421, 422, welche den Kondensator 430 mit der Erregerspule 420 verbinden und von denen zumindest eine Entladeleitung 421 von einem normalerweise geöffneten Entladeschalter 423 unterbrochen ist. Eine Freilaufdiode 424 unterbindet ein übermässiges Hin- und Herschwingen eines von dem Schaltkreislauf 420 mit der Erregerspule 410 und dem Kondensator 430 gebildeten Schwingkreises.The switching circuit 420 is intended to bring about a rapid electrical discharge of the previously charged capacitor 430 and to conduct the discharge current that flows through the excitation coil 410 . For this purpose, the circuit 420 comprises two discharge lines 421, 422, which connect the capacitor 430 to the excitation coil 420 and of which at least one discharge line 421 is interrupted by a normally open discharge switch 423. A freewheeling diode 424 prevents an oscillating circuit formed by circuit 420 with excitation coil 410 and capacitor 430 from excessively oscillating back and forth.

Wenn das Setzgerät an den Untergrund angepresst wird, leitet die Steuereinheit 450 einen Kondensator-Aufladevorgang ein, bei welchem elektrische Energie von dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 440 zu dem Schaltwandler 451 der Steuereinheit 450 und von dem Schaltwandler 451 zu dem Kondensator 430 geleitet wird, um den Kondensator 430 aufzuladen. Der Schaltwandler 451 wandelt dabei den elektrischen Strom aus dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 440 bei einer elektrischen Spannung von beispielsweise 22 V in einen geeigneten Ladestrom für den Kondensator 430 bei einer elektrischen Spannung von beispielsweise 1500 V um.When the setting tool is pressed against the ground, the control unit 450 initiates a capacitor charging process, in which electrical energy is conducted from the electrical energy store 440 to the switching converter 451 of the control unit 450 and from the switching converter 451 to the capacitor 430 in order to charge the capacitor 430 charge. The switching converter 451 converts the electrical current from the electrical energy store 440 at an electrical voltage of 22 V, for example, into a suitable charging current for the capacitor 430 at an electrical voltage of 1500 V, for example.

Von einer Betätigung des nicht gezeigten Betätigungselements ausgelöst leitet die Steuereinheit 450 einen Kondensator-Entladevorgang ein, bei dem in dem Kondensator 430 gespeicherte elektrische Energie mittels des Schaltkreislaufs 420 von dem Kondensator 430 zu der Erregerspule 410 geleitet wird, indem der Kondensator 430 entladen wird. Zur Einleitung des Kondensator-Entladevorgangs schliesst die Steuereinheit 450 den Entladeschalter 430, wodurch ein Entladestrom des Kondensators 430 mit hoher Stromstärke durch die Erregerspule 410 fliesst. Dadurch erfährt der nicht gezeigte Kurzschlussläufer eine von der Erregerspule 410 abstossende Lorentz-Kraft, welche das Eintreibelement antreibt. Danach wird das Eintreibelement von einer nicht gezeigten Rückstellvorrichtung in eine setzbereite Position zurückgestellt.Triggered by an actuation of the actuating element, which is not shown, the control unit 450 initiates a capacitor discharge process, in which electrical energy stored in the capacitor 430 is routed from the capacitor 430 to the excitation coil 410 by means of the circuit 420 by discharging the capacitor 430 . To initiate the capacitor discharge process, the control unit 450 closes the discharge switch 430, as a result of which a discharge current of the capacitor 430 flows through the excitation coil 410 at a high current intensity. As a result, the squirrel-cage rotor (not shown) experiences a Lorentz force that is repelled by the excitation coil 410 and drives the driving element. Thereafter, the driving element is returned to a ready-to-set position by a resetting device (not shown).

Ein Energiebetrag des die Erregerspule 410 bei der Schnellentladung des Kondensators 430 durchfliessenden Stroms wird von der Steuereinheit 450 insbesondere stufenlos gesteuert, indem eine am Kondensator 430 anliegende Ladespannung (UHV) während und/oder am Ende des Kondensator-Aufladevorgangs und vor Beginn der Schnellentladung eingestellt wird. Eine in dem geladenen Kondensator 430 gespeicherte elektrische Energie und damit auch der Energiebetrag des die Erregerspule 410 bei der Schnellentladung des Kondensators 430 durchfliessenden Stroms sind proportional zur Ladespannung und damit mittels der Ladespannung steuerbar. Der Kondensator wird während des Kondensator-Aufladevorgangs so lange geladen, bis die Ladespannung UHV einen Sollwert erreicht hat. Dann wird der Ladestrom abgeschaltet. Wenn die Ladespannung vor der Schnellentladung abnimmt, beispielsweise durch parasitäre Effekte, wird der Ladestrom wieder zugeschaltet, bis die Ladespannung UHV den Sollwert wieder erreicht hat.An amount of energy of the current flowing through the excitation coil 410 during the rapid discharge of the capacitor 430 is controlled by the control unit 450, in particular in a continuously variable manner, by adjusting a charging voltage (U HV ) present at the capacitor 430 during and/or at the end of the capacitor charging process and before the start of the rapid discharge will. A stored in the charged capacitor 430 electrical energy and thus also the amount of energy of the excitation coil 410 during the rapid discharge of The current flowing through the capacitor 430 is proportional to the charging voltage and can therefore be controlled by means of the charging voltage. The capacitor is charged during the capacitor charging process until the charging voltage U HV has reached a target value. Then the charging current is switched off. If the charging voltage decreases before the rapid discharge, for example due to parasitic effects, the charging current is switched on again until the charging voltage U HV has reached the target value again.

Die Steuereinheit 450 steuert den Energiebetrag des die Erregerspule 410 bei der Schnellentladung des Kondensators 430 durchfliessenden Stroms in Abhängigkeit mehrerer Steuergrössen. Zu diesem Zweck umfasst das Setzgerät ein als Temperatursensor 460 ausgebildetes Mittel zur Erfassung einer Temperatur der Erregerspule 410 und ein Mittel zur Erfassung einer Kapazität des Kondensators, welches beispielsweise als Berechnungsprogramm 470 ausgebildet ist und die Kapazität des Kondensators aus einem Verlauf einer Stromstärke und einer elektrischen Spannung des Ladestroms während des Kondensator-Aufladevorgangs berechnet. Weiterhin umfasst das Setzgerät ein als Beschleunigungssensor 480 ausgebildetes Mittel zur Erfassung einer mechanischen Belastungsgrösse des Setzgeräts. Weiterhin umfasst das Setzgerät ein Mittel zur Erfassung einer Eintreibtiefe des Befestigungselements in den Untergrund, welches einen beispielsweise optischen, kapazitiven oder induktiven Annäherungssensor 490 umfasst, welcher eine Umkehrposition des nicht gezeigten Eintreibelements umfasst. Weiterhin umfasst das Setzgerät ein Mittel zur Erfassung einer Geschwindigkeit des Eintreibelements, welches ein als erster Annäherungssensor 500 ausgebildetes Mittel zur Erfassung eines ersten Zeitpunkts, zu dem das Eintreibelement während seiner Bewegung auf das Befestigungselement zu eine erste Position passiert, ein als zweiter Annäherungssensor 510 ausgebildetes Mittel zur Erfassung eines zweiten Zeitpunkts, zu dem das Eintreibelement während seiner Bewegung auf das Befestigungselement zu eine zweite Position passiert, und ein als Berechnungsprogramm 520 ausgebildetes Mittel zur Erfassung einer Zeitdifferenz zwischen dem ersten Zeitpunkt und dem zweiten Zeitpunkt aufweist. Weiterhin umfasst das Setzgerät ein von einem Benutzer einstellbares Bedienelement 530 und ein als Strichcode-Leser 540 ausgebildetes Mittel zur Erfassung einer Kenngrösse eines einzutreibenden Befestigungselements.The control unit 450 controls the amount of energy of the current flowing through the excitation coil 410 during the rapid discharge of the capacitor 430 as a function of a number of control variables. For this purpose, the setting tool comprises a means designed as a temperature sensor 460 for detecting a temperature of the excitation coil 410 and a means for detecting a capacitance of the capacitor, which is designed, for example, as a calculation program 470 and the capacitance of the capacitor from a current intensity and an electrical voltage curve of the charging current during the capacitor charging process. Furthermore, the setting tool comprises a means designed as an acceleration sensor 480 for detecting a mechanical load of the setting tool. Furthermore, the setting tool includes a means for detecting a driving depth of the fastener into the ground, which includes an optical, capacitive or inductive proximity sensor 490, for example, which includes a reverse position of the driving element, which is not shown. The setting tool also includes a means for detecting a speed of the driving element, which is a means designed as a first proximity sensor 500 for detecting a first point in time at which the driving element passes a first position during its movement towards the fastening element, a means designed as a second proximity sensor 510 for detecting a second point in time at which the driving-in element passes a second position during its movement towards the fastening element, and a means designed as a calculation program 520 for detecting a time difference between the first point in time and the second point in time. Furthermore, the setting tool comprises an operating element 530 that can be adjusted by a user and a means designed as a barcode reader 540 for detecting a parameter of a fastening element to be driven in.

Die Steuergrössen, in deren Abhängigkeit die Steuereinheit 450 den Energiebetrag des die Erregerspule 410 bei der Schnellentladung des Kondensators 430 durchfliessenden Stroms steuert, umfassen die von dem Temperatursensor 460 erfasste Temperatur und/oder die von dem Berechnungsprogramm 470 berechnete Kapazität des Kondensators und/oder die von dem Beschleunigungssensor 480 erfasste Belastungsgrösse des Setzgeräts und/oder die von dem Annäherungssensor 490 erfasste Eintreibtiefe des Befestigungselements und/oder die von dem Berechnungsprogramm 520 berechnete Geschwindigkeit des Eintreibelements und/oder die von dem Benutzer eingestellte Einstellung des Bedienelements 530 und/oder die von dem Strichcode-Leser 540 erfasste Kenngrösse des Befestigungselements.The control variables, as a function of which control unit 450 controls the amount of energy in the current flowing through excitation coil 410 during the rapid discharge of capacitor 430, include the temperature detected by temperature sensor 460 and/or the the capacitance of the capacitor calculated by calculation program 470 and/or the load magnitude of the setting tool recorded by acceleration sensor 480 and/or the depth of drive of the fastener recorded by proximity sensor 490 and/or the speed of the driving element calculated by calculation program 520 and/or the user set setting of the operating element 530 and/or the parameter of the fastening element detected by the barcode reader 540.

Das Setzgerät umfasst weiterhin eine als Beschleunigungssensor 550 ausgebildete Sensoreinrichtung zur Erfassung einer Ist-Beschleunigung des Eintreibelements während eines Eintreibvorgangs und zur Übermittlung eines von der erfassten Ist-Beschleunigung abhängigen Signals an die Steuereinheit 450. Die Steuereinheit 450 umfasst einen Speicher 560, in dem eine Soll-Beschleunigung des Eintreibelements während eines erfolgreichen Eintreibvorgangs abgespeichert ist. Sobald die Steuereinheit 450 eine Differenz aus der Soll-Beschleunigung und der Ist-Beschleunigung feststellt, beispielsweise wenn das Eintreibelement stärker abgebremst wird als bei einem störungsfreien Eintreibvorgang zu erwarten wäre, beendet die Steuereinheit 450 die Übertragung von Eintreibenergie auf das Befestigungselement. Dies wird dadurch bewerkstelligt, dass ein Teil der für den Eintreibvorgang bereitgestellten Eintreibenergie umgeleitet wird, indem der Entladeschalter 423 geöffnet wird. Der Entladestrom wird beispielsweise dafür verwendet, den Kondensator 430 oder die Batterie 440 aufzuladen. Bei nicht gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen erfasst der Beschleunigungssensor eine auf das Befestigungselement während des Eintreibvorgangs einwirkende Beschleunigung quer zur Eintreibrichtung.The setting tool also includes a sensor device designed as an acceleration sensor 550 for detecting an actual acceleration of the driving element during a driving process and for transmitting a signal that is dependent on the detected actual acceleration to the control unit 450. The control unit 450 includes a memory 560 in which a target -Acceleration of the driving element is stored during a successful driving process. As soon as control unit 450 detects a difference between the target acceleration and the actual acceleration, for example if the driving element is braked more than would be expected during a trouble-free driving process, control unit 450 ends the transmission of driving energy to the fastening element. This is accomplished in that part of the driving energy provided for the driving process is diverted by opening the discharge switch 423 . The discharge current is used to charge the capacitor 430 or the battery 440, for example. In exemplary embodiments that are not shown, the acceleration sensor detects an acceleration acting on the fastening element during the driving-in process, transversely to the driving-in direction.

In Fig. 3 ist ein handgeführtes Setzgerät 600 zum Eintreiben von Befestigungselementen in einen nicht gezeigten Untergrund schematisch dargestellt. Das Setzgerät 600 ist als Bolzenschubgerät ausgebildet und weist ein Gehäuse 605 und eine als Bolzenführung ausgebildete Aufnahme 610 auf, in welcher ein nicht gezeigtes Befestigungselement aufgenommen ist, um entlang einer Setzachse B in den Untergrund eingetrieben zu werden (in Fig. 3 nach links). Für eine Zuführung von Befestigungselementen zu der Aufnahme umfasst das Setzgerät 600 ein Magazin 620, in welchem mehrere Befestigungselemente aufgenommen sind und nach und nach in die Aufnahme 610 transportiert werden. Das Setzgerät 600 weist ein als Kolben ausgebildetes Eintreibelement 630 auf, welches einen Kolbenteller 631 und eine Kolbenstange 632 umfasst. Das Eintreibelement 630 ist dafür vorgesehen, das Befestigungselement aus der Aufnahme 610 heraus entlang der Setzachse B in den Untergrund zu befördern. Hierbei ist das Eintreibelement 630 mit seinem Kolbenteller 631 in einem Führungszylinder 640 entlang der Setzachse B geführt, welcher mehrere Ausblasöffnungen 645 aufweist.In 3 a hand-held setting tool 600 for driving fasteners into a substrate (not shown) is shown schematically. The setting tool 600 is designed as a bolt driver and has a housing 605 and a receptacle 610 designed as a bolt guide, in which a fastening element (not shown) is accommodated in order to be driven into the ground along a setting axis B (in 3 to the left). In order to feed fastening elements to the receptacle, the setting tool 600 includes a magazine 620 in which a plurality of fastening elements are received and are gradually transported into the receptacle 610 . The setting tool 600 has a driving-in element 630 designed as a piston, which includes a piston plate 631 and a piston rod 632 . The driving-in element 630 is intended to convey the fastening element out of the receptacle 610 along the setting axis B into the ground. Here is the driving element 630 with his Piston plate 631 is guided in a guide cylinder 640 along the setting axis B, which has a plurality of blow-out openings 645.

Das Eintreibelement 630 wird seinerseits von einem Antrieb 700 angetrieben, welcher eine als Brennkammer für ein Brenngas ausgebildete Überdruckkammer 650 aufweist. Der Antrieb 700 ist dafür vorgesehen, in der Überdruckkammer 650 einen Überdruck zu erzeugen, indem ein als Flüssiggas ausgebildeter Brennstoff mittels eines Einspritzventils 660 aus einem Brennstofftank 670 durch eine Einspritzleitung 680 in die Überdruckkammer 650 geleitet und dort entzündet wird. Zusätzlich oder alternativ wird in der Überdruckkammer 650 ein Überdruck erzeugt, indem ein von einer elektrischen Batterie 690 mit elektrischer Energie versorgter Verdichter 710 verdichtete Luft mittels einer Druckluftleitung 720 in die Überdruckkamer 650 leitet. Sobald der Überdruck auf den Kolbenteller 631 und damit auf das Eintreibelement 630 einwirkt, überträgt das Eintreibelement 630 mittels der Kolbenstange 632 die Eintreibenergie auf das Befestigungselement. Dieser Eintreibvorgang wird durch Betätigung eines als Abzug ausgebildeten Auslösers 730 durch einen Benutzer des Setzgeräts 600 ausgelöst.The driving-in element 630 is in turn driven by a drive 700 which has an overpressure chamber 650 designed as a combustion chamber for a combustion gas. The drive 700 is intended to generate an overpressure in the overpressure chamber 650 in that a fuel in the form of liquid gas is conducted by means of an injection valve 660 from a fuel tank 670 through an injection line 680 into the overpressure chamber 650 and ignited there. Additionally or alternatively, an overpressure is generated in the overpressure chamber 650 in that a compressor 710 supplied with electrical energy by an electric battery 690 directs compressed air into the overpressure chamber 650 by means of a compressed air line 720 . As soon as the excess pressure acts on the piston plate 631 and thus on the driving-in element 630, the driving-in element 630 transmits the driving-in energy to the fastening element by means of the piston rod 632. This driving-in process is triggered by a user of the setting tool 600 actuating a trigger 730 designed as a trigger.

Das Setzgerät 600 umfasst weiterhin eine Steuereinheit 740, eine im Bereich des Eintreibelements 630 und/oder der Aufnahme 610 angeordnete Sensoreinrichtung 750 zur Erfassung einer Ist-Beschleunigung des Eintreibelements 630 während eines Eintreibvorgangs sowie eine erste Signalleitung 760 zur Übermittlung eines von der erfassten Ist-Beschleunigung abhängigen Signals von der Sensoreinrichtung 750 an die Steuereinheit 740. Das Setzgerät 600 umfasst weiterhin ein an der Überdruckkammer angeordnetes Abblasventil 770 zum Ablassen eines Überdrucks in der Überdruckkammer 650 sowie eine erste Steuerleitung 780 zur Übermittlung eines Steuersignals von der Steuereinheit 740 an das Abblasventil 770.The setting tool 600 further comprises a control unit 740, a sensor device 750 arranged in the region of the driving-in element 630 and/or the receptacle 610 for detecting an actual acceleration of the driving-in element 630 during a driving-in process, and a first signal line 760 for transmitting one of the actual accelerations detected dependent signal from the sensor device 750 to the control unit 740. The setting tool 600 further comprises a relief valve 770 arranged on the overpressure chamber for releasing excess pressure in the overpressure chamber 650 and a first control line 780 for transmitting a control signal from the control unit 740 to the relief valve 770.

Sobald die Steuereinheit 740 mittels eines von der Sensoreinrichtung 750 über die Signalleitung 760 übermittelten Signals eine ungewöhnliche Beschleunigung oder Verzögerung des Eintreibelements 630 feststellt, reduziert die Steuereinheit 740 die Übertragung von Eintreibenergie auf das Eintreibelement 630 und damit auf das Befestigungselement. Dies wird dadurch bewerkstelligt, dass die Steuereinheit 740 mittels der Steuerleitung 780 ein Steuersignal an das Abblasventil 770 übermittelt, um das Abblasventil 770 zu öffnen. Dadurch wird ein in der Überdruckkammer 650 gegebenenfalls noch vorhandener Überdruck teilweise oder vollständig abgeblasen, so dass das Eintreibelement weniger beziehungsweise nicht mehr beschleunigt wird. Damit wird die Gefahr einer Beschädigung des Untergrunds aufgrund einer überschüssigen Eintreibenergie reduziert. Das Setzgerät umfasst schliesslich ein Bedienelement 790, beispielsweise einen Resetknopf, mittels dessen ein Benutzer die Steuereinheit 740 zurückstellen kann.As soon as the control unit 740 detects an unusual acceleration or deceleration of the driving element 630 by means of a signal transmitted from the sensor device 750 via the signal line 760, the control unit 740 reduces the transmission of driving energy to the driving element 630 and thus to the fastening element. This is accomplished in that the control unit 740 transmits a control signal to the blow-off valve 770 via the control line 780 in order to open the blow-off valve 770 . As a result, any overpressure that may still be present in the overpressure chamber 650 is partially or completely blown off, so that the Driving element is accelerated less or no longer. This reduces the risk of damage to the subsoil due to excessive driving energy. Finally, the setting tool comprises an operating element 790, for example a reset button, by means of which a user can reset the control unit 740.

Die Erfindung wurde anhand einer Reihe von in den Zeichnungen dargestellten und nicht dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben. Die einzelnen Merkmale der verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispiele sind einzeln oder in beliebiger Kombination miteinander anwendbar, soweit sie sich nicht widersprechen. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass das erfindungsgemässe Setzgerät auch für andere Anwendungen einsetzbar ist.The invention has been described with reference to a series of exemplary embodiments shown and not shown in the drawings. The individual features of the various exemplary embodiments can be used individually or in any combination with one another, provided they do not contradict one another. It is pointed out that the setting tool according to the invention can also be used for other applications.

Claims (14)

  1. Nail gun for driving fastening elements into a substrate in a driving-in direction, comprising a drive piston (60) which can be driven in a setting direction in order to push a fastening element into the substrate, comprising a control unit (150) which is provided for controlling a driving-in process of the nail gun, comprising a sensor device (750) for detecting a parameter during the driving-in process and for transmitting a signal, which is dependent on the detected parameter, to the control unit (150), characterized in that the control unit (150) is provided for controlling driving-in energy, which is still to be transmitted to the fastening element as part of the driving-in process, depending on the detected parameter.
  2. Nail gun according to Claim 1, wherein the control unit (150) is provided for reducing the driving-in energy which is still to be transmitted to the fastening element as part of the driving-in process.
  3. Nail gun according to Claim 2, wherein the control unit (150) is provided for ending the transmission of driving-in energy to the fastening element.
  4. Nail gun according to either of Claims 1 and 2, wherein the control unit (150) is provided for redirecting a portion of driving-in energy which is provided for the driving-in process.
  5. Nail gun according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the detected parameter comprises a force and/or acceleration which acts on the fastening element during the driving-in process.
  6. Nail gun according to Claim 5, wherein the detected parameter comprises a force and/or acceleration which acts on the fastening element during the driving-in process transversely in relation to the driving-in direction.
  7. Nail gun according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a drive (700) which is provided for transmitting driving-in energy to the drive piston (60) as the drive piston (60) drives the fastening element into the substrate.
  8. Nail gun according to Claim 7, wherein the drive (700) comprises a positive-pressure chamber (650) and is provided for generating a positive pressure in the positive-pressure chamber (650) and allowing the positive pressure to act on the drive piston (60) in order to transmit driving-in energy to the drive piston (60), wherein the positive-pressure chamber (650) has a blow-off valve (770) which can be controlled by the control unit (150), and wherein the control unit (150) is provided for controlling the driving-in energy, which is still to be transmitted to the fastening element as part of the driving-in process, by opening the blow-off valve (770) during the driving-in process.
  9. Nail gun according to Claim 8, wherein the positive-pressure chamber (650) comprises a combustion chamber for a solid, liquid or gaseous fuel.
  10. Nail gun according to Claim 7, wherein the drive (700) comprises an electrical energy store (440) and a coil (100) and is provided for electrically charging the electrical energy store (440), promptly discharging said electrical energy store, conducting a discharge current, which is produced in the process, through the coil (100) and allowing electromagnetic energy which is released in the process to act on the drive piston (60) in order to transmit driving-in energy to the drive piston (60), wherein the drive (700) comprises a switch (230) with which a current flow through the coil (100) can be controlled, and wherein the control unit (150) is provided for controlling the driving-in energy, which is still to be transmitted to the fastening element as part of the driving-in process, by operating the switch (230) during the driving-in process.
  11. Method for operating a nail gun for driving fastening elements into a substrate in a driving-in direction, comprising a drive piston (60) which can be driven in a setting direction in order to push a fastening element into the substrate, comprising
    - detecting a parameter during a driving-in process,
    characterized by
    - controlling, in particular reducing, driving-in energy, which is still to be transmitted to the fastening element as part of the driving-in process, depending on the detected parameter.
  12. Method according to Claim 11, further comprising
    - ending the transmission of driving-in energy to the fastening element.
  13. Method according to either of Claims 11 and 12, further comprising
    - redirecting a portion of driving-in energy which is provided for the driving-in process.
  14. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 11 to 13, wherein the detected parameter comprises a force and/or acceleration which acts on the fastening element during the driving-in process, in particular transversely in relation to the driving-in direction.
EP19808602.7A 2018-12-19 2019-11-27 Bolt pushing device and method for operating same Active EP3898120B1 (en)

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EP18214155.6A EP3670098A1 (en) 2018-12-19 2018-12-19 Bolt pushing device and method for operating same
PCT/EP2019/082711 WO2020126366A1 (en) 2018-12-19 2019-11-27 Nail gun and method for operating a nail gun

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WO2023285307A1 (en) 2021-07-10 2023-01-19 Rhefor Gbr Setting tool
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EP2656974A2 (en) * 2012-04-25 2013-10-30 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Handheld work tool and method for operating a hand-held tool
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WO2020126366A1 (en) 2020-06-25
US20210387317A1 (en) 2021-12-16
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