EP3895234A1 - Separator for electrochemical energy accumulators and converters - Google Patents
Separator for electrochemical energy accumulators and convertersInfo
- Publication number
- EP3895234A1 EP3895234A1 EP19816668.8A EP19816668A EP3895234A1 EP 3895234 A1 EP3895234 A1 EP 3895234A1 EP 19816668 A EP19816668 A EP 19816668A EP 3895234 A1 EP3895234 A1 EP 3895234A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- separator
- separator according
- acids
- weight
- vinyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- -1 Vinyl halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001253 acrylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylphosphonic acid Chemical class OP(O)(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N linalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- HUOBWFKCWUVATL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2-ethenylbenzene Chemical class CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C HUOBWFKCWUVATL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QOVCUELHTLHMEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical class CCCCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 QOVCUELHTLHMEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DMADTXMQLFQQII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decyl-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 DMADTXMQLFQQII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical class CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BDHGFCVQWMDIQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylimidazole Chemical class CC1=NC=CN1C=C BDHGFCVQWMDIQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical class C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical class C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical class CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008360 acrylonitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical class NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical class CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical class C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical group N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005499 phosphonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 26
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 22
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 4
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001690 polydopamine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000671 polyethylene glycol diacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004750 melt-blown nonwoven Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel zinc Chemical compound [Ni].[Zn] QELJHCBNGDEXLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007723 transport mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B zirconium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[Zr+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 2
- ICCCRCJXHNMZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2-dimethyl-3-prop-2-enoyloxypropyl) 2,2-dimethyl-3-prop-2-enoyloxypropanoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C=C ICCCRCJXHNMZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZODNDDPVCIAZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enoyloxypropyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(O)COC(=O)C=C ZODNDDPVCIAZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYWOJODOMFBVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,6-trimethylphenanthrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2C3=CC(C)=CC=C3C=CC2=C1C MYWOJODOMFBVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRJNEUBECVAVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(ethenyl)benzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 PRJNEUBECVAVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEERVPDNCOGWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(ethenyl)benzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 WEERVPDNCOGWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,9-Nonanediol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCO ALVZNPYWJMLXKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCHGODLGROULLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CO.OCC(CO)(CO)CO ZCHGODLGROULLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNYSXXARASJZSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)butyl benzoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FNYSXXARASJZSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C=C LEJBBGNFPAFPKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTPIZGPBYCHTGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,2-bis(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxymethyl)butoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCC(CC)(COCCOC(=O)C=C)COCCOC(=O)C=C MTPIZGPBYCHTGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJRSZGKUUZPHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxypropoxy)propoxy]propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)COC(C)COC(C)COC(=O)C=C LJRSZGKUUZPHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXEWWQYSYQOUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[5-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxan-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC1(CO)COC(C(C)(C)CO)OC1 HXEWWQYSYQOUSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YYPNJNDODFVZLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-2-enoic acid Chemical class CC(C)=CC(O)=O YYPNJNDODFVZLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQMIAEWUVYWVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoyloxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)CCOC(=O)C=C FQMIAEWUVYWVNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMXLPMFCQMQFCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1CC(C(O)=O)CC2OC21C CMXLPMFCQMQFCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A Natural products C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003003 Li-S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical group OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXRNWUYCCQFHIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C UXRNWUYCCQFHIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INXWLSDYDXPENO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-[[3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2,2-bis(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)C=C)(CO)COCC(COC(=O)C=C)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C INXWLSDYDXPENO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRMBQHTWUBGQDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[2,2-bis(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)butoxymethyl]-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)butyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)C=C)(CC)COCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C XRMBQHTWUBGQDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYMBCBXJSPPHJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Br].[V] Chemical compound [Br].[V] FYMBCBXJSPPHJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRXYMHTYEQQBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Br].[Zn] Chemical compound [Br].[Zn] ZRXYMHTYEQQBLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- IYNRVIKPUTZSOR-HWKANZROSA-N ethenyl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC=C IYNRVIKPUTZSOR-HWKANZROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFYWKOUKJFCBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC=C FFYWKOUKJFCBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLCTWBJQROOONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C=C BLCTWBJQROOONQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001566 impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,3-benzoxazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHDKQNHKDMEASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-prop-2-enoylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NC(=O)C=C CHDKQNHKDMEASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
- C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
- C08F290/06—Polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F290/062—Polyethers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
- C25B13/08—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on organic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/52—Separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/02—Diaphragms; Separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0239—Organic resins; Organic polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2810/00—Chemical modification of a polymer
- C08F2810/20—Chemical modification of a polymer leading to a crosslinking, either explicitly or inherently
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to separators for electrochemical
- Energy storage and converters especially separators for batteries, i.e. Primary cells & secondary cells, capacitors, fuel cells,
- Electrolysers and / or combinations thereof are examples of Electrolysers and / or combinations thereof.
- the task of a separator in electrochemical energy stores and converters is to electrically separate the respective half cells from one another. At the same time, it should enable a high ionic conductivity between the half cells in order to optimize the necessary charge balance. In addition, the separator should have high mechanical strength and chemical stability against electrolytes used. The separator therefore largely determines the service life and performance of electrochemical energy stores and converters.
- separators known in practice are that in them the ionic conductivity is often not decoupled from the air permeability and thus from the pore structure of the separators. To the required high
- Pore sizes in known separators are generally significantly larger than the ionic radii of the ions to be transported (e.g. Li-cation in Li-Ion, Li-S or Li-metal batteries), so there can be no ion-selective mass transport through the separator.
- an undesirable mass passage of, for example, gases, electrode particles or degradation products, ionic compounds and dendrites cannot be reliably prevented with a pore-related transport mechanism.
- US 20180069220 A1 describes a composite separator for use in Li-ion batteries.
- the composite separator consists of a microporous polyolefin membrane, which is coated with a porous coating of inorganic particles and an organic binder.
- the particles and the binder are matched to one another in terms of their surface energy, so that the coating adheres better to the PO membrane.
- the ion transport in this separator is essentially made possible by the pore structure of the separator, so that there is no decoupling of conductivity and air permeability or porosity.
- US 20180198156 A1 describes a separator for use in Li-sulfur batteries, which is coated with polydopamine and a conductive material.
- the coating is said to prevent the polysulfide shuttle, among other things, by means of the polydopamine.
- the polydopamine of lithium can also be reduced, which is equivalent to self-discharge of the battery.
- an emulsion binder layer is applied between the porous substrate and the porous coating.
- the ion transport in this separator is essentially defined by the pore structure of the separator, so that there is also no decoupling of the ion conductivity from the air permeability or porosity.
- US 20180062142 A1 describes a separator for use in Li-sulfur batteries, which is coated with a functional layer.
- the functional layer consists of at least 2 carbon nanotube layers and at least 2 graphene oxide layers that contain manganese dioxide particles. This functional layer is intended to increase the service life of the battery according to the invention.
- the ion transport in this separator is essentially made possible by the pore structure of the separator, so that none too
- the first layer consists of an ion-conducting, linear polymer
- the second layer consists of inorganic particles with an organic binder
- a third layer can consist of a porous substrate.
- the ion transport in this separator is essentially due to the pore structure of the separator enables, so that there is no decoupling of conductivity and air permeability or porosity.
- US 8703330 describes a cylindrical nickel-zinc battery that contains a multi-layer battery separator to make the electrodes electrical
- the multi-layer separator consists of a microporous barrier layer and a porous wetting layer.
- the microporous barrier layer in the separator is supposed to form zinc dendrites
- the barrier layer typically consists of a microporous PO membrane that is poorly wetted by aqueous electrolytes. This poor wetting leads to an increased
- the object of the invention is therefore, separators with a high
- Energy stores and / or converters in particular separators for batteries, accumulators, capacitors, fuel cells, electrolysers and / or combinations thereof, the separator containing a porous substrate equipped with a comb polymer, the comb polymer having a
- the aforementioned separator makes it possible to decouple the ionic conductivity of the separator from its air permeability and thus from its pore structure. Without relying on one
- Pore size possible, by means of a targeted reduction in the pore size, the passage of particles (for example electrode particles or
- the Lewis acidic and / or Lewis basic functionalities enable selective charge transport, as a result of which undesired ions can be prevented from passing through the separator.
- the separator according to the invention has high conductivity with high mechanical stability combined.
- the separator according to the invention can be manufactured in one layer and still meet all the requirements placed on it. This is advantageous in terms of production and costs.
- the separator according to the invention is particularly suitable for batteries, capacitors, fuel cells, electrolysers and / or combinations thereof.
- Preferred batteries are lithium-ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-iron
- Batteries nickel-zinc batteries, alkaline-manganese batteries, lead-acid batteries, magnesium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, zinc-air batteries and lithium-air batteries.
- redox flow batteries in particular vanadium redox flow batteries, vanadium bromine redox flow batteries, iron chromium redox flow batteries, zinc bromine redox flow batteries and organic redox flow batteries.
- Capacitors in particular supercapacitors, double-layer capacitors, hybrid capacitors and
- fuel cells in particular LT polymer electrolyte fuel cells, HT polymer electrolyte fuel cells, alkalis
- Fuel cells direct methanol fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells and reversible fuel cells.
- the separator has a comb polymer
- the comb polymer has a polymer main chain and a plurality of side chains covalently bonded to the polymer main chain, at least one of the side chains having at least one Lewis acid and / or Lewis basic functionality.
- the advantage of using a comb polymer compared to linear polymers is that they have a lower tendency to crystallize. As a result, the comb polymers generally have lower densities and thus high side chain mobility.
- Another advantage of using a comb polymer is that it is possible to modify the chemical structure of the polymer backbone and the side chains independently of one another.
- a plurality of side chains is understood to mean that at least two repeating units of the main chain have at least one of the side chains according to the invention.
- Comb polymer 10 to 3000 more preferably 50 to 2000, even more preferably 100 to 2000 of the side chains according to the invention.
- Repeating units of the main chain have at least one, preferably one to two, of the side chains according to the invention.
- a polymer main chain is understood to mean the longest chain of atoms of a polymer that is covalently bonded to one another.
- the polymer main chain preferably has a molecular weight of
- At least 580 g / mol for example from 580 g / mol to 50,000 g / mol, preferably from 1000 g / mol to 20,000 g / mol, more preferably from 1500 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol and / or at least 8 repeating units,
- the polymer main chain has on average at least 3, for example 3 to 2000, preferably 10 to 1000, more preferably 50 to 500, in particular 50 to 250, side chains. Different main chains can have different numbers of side chains.
- the main polymer chain preferably has polymerized monomers, the monomers being selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylamides, methacrylamides, vinylamides, vinylpyridines, N-vinylimidazoles, N-vinyl-2-methylimidazoles, vinyl halides, styrenes, 2-methylstyrenes, 4-methylstyrenes, 2- (n-butyl) styrenes, 4- (n-butyl) styrenes, 4- (n-decyl) styrenes, N, N-diallylamines, N, N-diallyl-N-alkylamines , vinyl and allyl substituted nitrogen heterocycles, vinyl ethers, vinyl sulfonic acids, allylsulfonic acids, vinylphosphonic acids, styrene sulfonic acids, acrylonitriles and methacrylonitriles,
- Particularly preferred polymerized monomers for the main polymer chain are acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylates, methacrylates, vinylsulfonic acids, vinylphosphonic acids, styrene sulfonic acids, styrene and / or mixtures thereof.
- a side chain is covalently attached to the
- the side chain preferably has a molecular weight of at least 220 g / mol, for example from 220 g / mol to 5000 g / mol, preferably from 220 g / mol to 4500 g / mol, preferably from 360 g / mol to 4000 g / mol, more preferably from 450 g / mol to 2500 g / mol, even more preferably 600 g / mol to 2500 g / mol, in particular 700 g / mol to 2500 g / mol and / or at least 5 repetitions,
- the polymer side chain preferably has polymerized monomers, the monomers being selected from the group consisting of
- Vinyl halides styrenes, 2-methylstyrenes, 4-methylstyrenes, 2- (n-butyl) styrenes, 4- (n-butyl) styrenes, 4- (n-decyl) styrenes, N, N-diallylamines, N, N-diallyl -N-alkylamines, vinyl- and allyl-substituted nitrogen heterocycles, vinyl ethers, acrylonitriles and methacrylonitriles, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, vinylsulfonic acids, allylsulfonic acids, vinylphosphonic acids, styrene sulfonic acids and / or mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred polymerized monomers for the polymer side chain are acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylates, methacrylates, vinylsulfonic acids, vinylphosphonic acids, styrene sulfonic acids and / or mixtures thereof.
- the side chain is formed from polymerized macromonomers.
- the term “formed” is understood to mean that the side chain consists of at least 95% by weight, preferably 100% by weight, of the macromonomer. Be under a macromonomer
- Macromonomers preferably have a molecular weight of at least 140 g / mol, for example from 140 g / mol to 10,000 g / mol, preferably from 220 g / mol to 5000 g / mol, preferably from 360 g / mol to 2000 g / mol, more preferably from 360 g / mol to 1500 g / mol, more preferably 450 g / mol to 1500 g / mol, in particular 600 g / mol to 1500 g / mol.
- in the at least one side chain in the at least one side chain
- the comb polymer preferably also has other monomers, for example acrylic acids,
- Methacrylic acids acrylates, methacrylates, vinyl sulfonic acids,
- the comb polymer is preferably at least partially crosslinked.
- networking is understood to mean the following types of networking:
- At least one polymer main chain of the comb polymer lies with
- At least one further polymer main chain of the comb polymer is covalently bound before; and or
- At least one side chain of the comb polymer is covalently bonded before; and or
- At least one side chain of the comb polymer is covalently bonded to at least one further side chain of the comb polymer;
- Crosslinking of the comb polymer can be carried out using conventional crosslinking methods known to the person skilled in the art, e.g. radical and / or ionic crosslinking, polymer-analogous crosslinking, coordinative crosslinking and / or electrode beam crosslinking take place.
- the crosslinking of the comb polymer preferably takes place via the
- the copolymerized crosslinking units can be obtained by copolymerizing bifunctional or multifunctional monomers in the preparation of the comb polymer.
- Polymerization is particularly suitable for compounds which can polymerize and / or crosslink at two or more positions in the molecule.
- Such compounds preferably have two identical or similar reactive ones
- Preferred bifunctional or multifunctional monomers are, for example, diacrylates, dimethylacrylates, triacrylates, trimethacrylates, tetraacrylates, tetramethacrylates, pentaacrylates, pentamethacrylates, hexaacrylates,
- Hexamethacrylates diacrylamides, dimethacrylamides, triacrylamides,
- the proportion of the crosslinking units is 1% by weight to 75% by weight, more preferably 2% by weight to 55% by weight, even more preferably 2% by weight to 45% by weight and in particular 2% by weight. % 25% by weight.
- the proportion of crosslinking units corresponds to the proportion of bifunctional or multifunctional monomers based on the
- the thickness of the separator according to the invention is from 10 pm to 2000 pm, more preferably from 10 pm to 600 pm, still more preferably from 14 pm to 300 pm more preferably from 14 pm to 200 pm, more preferably from 14 pm to 150 pm.
- the weight of the separator is from 6 g / m 2 to 400 g / m 2 , more preferably from 8 g / m 2 to 250 g / m 2 , even more preferably from 10 g / m 2 to 150 g / m 2 , in particular from 10 g / m 2 to 100 g / m 2 .
- the Lewis acidic and / or Lewis basic functionalities are selected from primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary amino groups, imino, enamino, lactam, nitrate, Nitrite, carboxyl, carboxylate, ketyl, aldehyde, lactone, carbonate, sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfide, sulfite, sulfate, sulfonamide, thioether, phosphonylphosphonate, phosphate, phosphoric acid esters -, ether, hydroxyl, hydroxide, halide, coordinatively bound metal ion, in particular
- Transition metal ion, thiocyanate and / or cyanide groups Transition metal ion, thiocyanate and / or cyanide groups.
- Lewis acidic and / or Lewis basic are particularly preferred
- the conductivity of the separator according to the invention is in 1 molar LiPF6 in
- the separator preferably has Lewis acidic and / or Lewis basic functionalities selected from lactone, ether, carboxyl and / or sulfonate groups.
- the electrical resistance of the separator according to the invention in 30% KOH is less than 0.3 0hm * cm 2 , particularly preferably between 0.05 0hm * cm 2 and 0.2 0hm * cm 2 .
- the separator preferably has Lewis acidic and / or Lewis basic functionalities, selected from carboxyl, carboxylate, phosphonate and / or sulfonate groups.
- the air permeability of the separator according to the invention is from 0 l / (s * m 2 ) to 400 l / (s * m 2 ), preferably from 0 l / (s * m 2 ) to 200 l (s * m 2 ), more preferably from 0 l / (s * m 2 ) to 100 l / (s * m 2 ), even more preferably from 0 l / (s * m 2 ) to 50 l / (s * m 2 ).
- the Gurley value of the separator according to the invention measured according to ASTM D-726-58 with an air volume of 50 cm 3 , is at least 500 s, more preferably at least 750 s. The expert knows that he has the Gurley value through
- Degradation products dendrites and gases can be prevented or at least reduced.
- the electrolyte absorption of the membrane is 2% by weight to 600% by weight. More preferably 10% by weight to 400% by weight, still more preferably 10% by weight to 250% by weight, in particular 25% by weight to 150% by weight.
- the separator according to the invention has a porosity of 5% to 75%, more preferably 15% to 65%, in particular 15% to 60%.
- the separator according to the invention has a shrinkage of the area at 120 ° C. of 0.1% to 10%, more preferably of 0.1% to 5%.
- the proportion of comb polymer in the separator according to the invention is preferably 20% by weight to 200% by weight, more preferably 50% by weight to 150 % By weight, in particular 75% by weight to 130% by weight, in each case based on the weight of the porous substrate.
- the separator has a porous substrate.
- a porous substrate is understood according to the invention to mean a flat structure which is suitable as a base material for use as a separator, in particular in batteries, capacitors, fuel cells, electrolysers and / or combinations thereof.
- the porous substrate preferably has a thickness, measured according to test specification DIN EN ISO 9073-2, from 8 pm to 500 pm, more preferably from 10 pm to 500 pm, more preferably from 10 pm to 250 pm, in particular from 10 pm to 200 pm , on.
- the porous substrate also preferably has a weight, measured according to test specification ISO 9073-1, of 3 g / m 2 to 300 g / m 2 , more preferably 5 g / m 2 to 200 g / m 2 , even more preferably 5 g / m 2 to 150 g / m 2 , in particular 5 g / m 2 to 100 g / m 2 .
- the porous substrate has a porosity of 25% to 90%, more preferably from 35% to 80%, in particular from 40% to 75%, before the comb polymer is applied.
- microporous membranes such as preferably polyester membranes, are particularly suitable as porous substrates, in particular
- Polyolefin membranes especially polypropylene or
- Polyethylene membranes Polyimide membranes, polyurethane membranes, polybenzimidazole membranes, polyether ether ketone membranes,
- Polyether sulfone membranes polytetrafluoroethylene membranes, Polyvinylidene fluoride membranes, polyvinyl chloride membranes and / or laminates thereof.
- microporous membranes are polyolefin membranes, polyester membranes, polybenzimidazole membranes, polyimide membranes and / or laminates thereof.
- the microporous membranes have an inorganic coating, preferably based on aluminum oxide, boehmite, silicon dioxide, zirconium phosphate, titanium dioxide, diamond, graphene, expanded graphite, boron nitride and / or mixtures thereof.
- Coatings based on aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium phosphate, boron nitride and / or mixtures thereof are particularly preferred.
- the porous substrate is selected from textile fabrics, in particular fabrics, knitted fabrics, papers and / or nonwovens. Advantage of textiles
- Sheets are that they have low thermal shrinkage and high mechanical stability. This is advantageous for use in batteries, capacitors, fuel cells, electrolysers and / or combinations thereof, since it increases the safety of the same.
- Nonwovens are particularly preferred because they combine a high isotropy of their physical properties with an inexpensive production.
- Nonwovens can be spunbond nonwovens, meltblown nonwovens, wet nonwovens, dry nonwovens, nanofiber nonwovens and spun from solution
- spunbonded nonwovens are preferred because they are particularly easy by specifically adjusting the distribution of the
- Fiber thicknesses can be provided with a high mechanical strength.
- meltblown nonwovens are preferred because they can be provided with a small fiber thickness and a very homogeneous distribution with respect to the fiber thicknesses.
- dry nonwovens are preferred because they have a high tensile strength of the fibers. In a particularly preferred
- the textile fabric is a wet nonwoven, since it can be manufactured with a very uniform fiber distribution, a low weight and a particularly small thickness.
- a thin thickness of the porous nonwoven substrate enables electrochemical energy stores and converters with a high energy density and power density.
- the nonwoven in particular in its embodiment as a wet nonwoven, can have staple fibers and / or short cut fibers.
- staple fibers are understood to be fibers with a limited length of preferably 1 mm to 80 mm, more preferably 3 mm to 30 mm.
- short-cut fibers are understood to be fibers with a length of preferably 1 mm to 12 mm, more preferably 3 mm to 6 mm.
- the average titer of the fibers can vary depending on the desired structure of the nonwoven. Has proven to be cheap
- fibers with an average titer of 0.06 dtex to 3.3 dtex, preferably from 0.06 dtex to 1.7 dtex, preferably from 0.06 dtex to 1.0 dtex, has been proven.
- Pore sizes and inner surface as well as the density of the nonwoven affects.
- proportions of at least 5% by weight, preferably from 5% by weight to 35% by weight, particularly preferably from 5% by weight to 20% by weight, of microfibers, based in each case on the total amount of fibers in the nonwoven fabric have been found to be proven particularly favorable. So it was found in practical tests that with the above parameters a particularly homogeneous
- Coating can be achieved.
- the fibers can be designed in a wide variety of forms, for example as flat, hollow, round, oval, trilobal, multilobal, bico and / or island in the sea fibers. According to the invention, the
- the fibers can contain a wide variety of fiber polymers, preferably polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, viscose, cellulose, polyamides, in particular polyamide 6 and polyamide 6.6, polyester,
- polyesters are preferred, in particular polyethylene terephthalate and / or polybutylene terephthalate, copolyesters, polyolefins, in particular polyethylene and / or polypropylene, and / or mixtures thereof. Polyesters are preferred, in particular
- Polyolefins are that due to their hydrophobic surface, they do not restrict the mobility of hydrophilic side chains.
- the fibers advantageously contain the abovementioned materials in a proportion of more than 50% by weight, preferably more than 90% by weight, more preferably from 95% by weight to 100% by weight. They very particularly preferably consist of the materials mentioned above, with usual impurities and
- the fibers of the nonwoven fabric can be present as matrix fibers and / or binding fibers.
- Binding fibers in the sense of the invention are fibers which, for example during the process of making the nonwoven fabric, can form strengthening points and / or strengthening regions at least at some crossing points of the fibers by heating to a temperature above their melting point and / or softening point.
- the binding fibers can form cohesive connections with other fibers and / or with themselves.
- a framework can be built and a thermally bonded nonwoven can be obtained.
- the binding fibers can also melt completely and thus solidify the nonwoven.
- the binding fibers can be formed as core-sheath fibers, in which the sheath is the binding component, and / or as undrawn fibers.
- Matrix fibers in the sense of the invention are fibers which, in contrast to the binding fibers, are present in a significantly clearer fiber form.
- An advantage of the presence of the matrix fibers is that the stability of the
- Total fabric can be increased.
- the separator according to the invention can be produced in a simple manner using a method which comprises the following steps:
- Formation of a comb polymer which contains a polymer main chain and a plurality of side chains covalently bonded to the polymer main chain and at least one of the side chains has at least one Lewis acid and / or Lewis basic functionality.
- the reaction mixture comprises a bi- or multifunctional monomer. This can lead to cross-linking of the comb polymer formed during the polymerization.
- a bifunctional or multifunctional monomer can also be present in the reaction mixture for crosslinking the comb polymer.
- the macromonomer could itself be networkable units
- crosslinking of the comb polymer can take place via crosslinking units polymerized into the polymer main chain and / or polymer side chain
- the copolymerized crosslinking units can be obtained by copolymerizing bifunctional or polyfunctional monomers in the preparation of the comb polymer.
- crosslinking are those described above.
- Radical crosslinking is particularly preferred.
- the polymerization of the monomers and / or macromonomers with the formation of the comb polymer preferably takes place radically and / or ionically.
- the polymerization can preferably be initiated thermally and / or radiation-induced.
- Another object of the present invention relates to the use of the separator according to the invention for the separation of the electrochemical flalb cells in electrochemical energy stores and / or converters, preferably in batteries, in particular in primary or secondary
- Another object of the present invention relates to a
- electrochemical energy store and / or converter preferably batteries, in particular primary or secondary batteries, capacitors,
- the basis weight of the separator according to the invention was reduced to
- the thickness of the separator according to the invention was measured according to the test specification DIN EN ISO 9073-2.
- the measuring area is 2 cm 2 , the measuring pressure 1000 cN / cm 2 .
- the Gurley values of the separators are determined based on ASTM D-726-58. The test determines the time it takes for a certain volume of air (50 cm 3 ) to flow through a standard area of a material under a slight pressure. The air pressure is given by an inner cylinder with a specific diameter and standardized weight, floating in an outer cylinder, partly filled with an oil, which acts as an air seal. If it is not possible to determine the air permeability of the Gurley separators, this means that the separators are so tight that no air permeability can be measured.
- the ionic resistance of the separators according to the invention is determined by means of impedance spectroscopy.
- aqueous electrolytes For this purpose, the samples to be examined are placed in the aqueous electrolyte for 5 hours (30% KOH for examples in Table 2; 10% sulfuric acid for examples in Table 3) so that they are completely wetted with electrolyte. These patterns will follow placed between two polished stainless steel stamps and the impedance measured from 1 Hz to 100 kHz.
- the electrolyte absorption is determined according to EN 29073-03.
- LiPF6 in propylene carbonate (1 molar) is used, for aqueous electrolytes 30% KOH.
- a polysulfide solution is prepared by dissolving stoichiometric amounts of LI2S and elemental sulfur in DOL / DME (50:50 (vol.%)) At 60 ° C with stirring.
- DOL / DME 50:50 (vol.%)
- two glass half cells are separated by a separator. Pure, transparent DOL / DME (50:50 (vol.%)) Is placed in one cell, 0.5 M red-brown polysulfide solution in DOL / DME (50:50 (vol.%)) In the other half cell.
- the extent of sulfide permeation through the separators at 23 ° C. is determined by the color change of the transparent DOL / DME (50:50 (vol.%)) After 1 hour, 2 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours.
- the air permeability is determined based on DIN EN ISO 9237, the test result is given in dm 3 / s * m 2 .
- Example 1 To determine the shrinkage, 100 mm x 100 mm samples are punched out and stored for one hour at 120 ° C. in a Labdryer from Mathis. The shrinkage of the samples is then determined.
- Example 1 To determine the shrinkage, 100 mm x 100 mm samples are punched out and stored for one hour at 120 ° C. in a Labdryer from Mathis. The shrinkage of the samples is then determined.
- Example 1 To determine the shrinkage, 100 mm x 100 mm samples are punched out and stored for one hour at 120 ° C. in a Labdryer from Mathis. The shrinkage of the samples is then determined.
- Example 1 Example 1 :
- a wet PET nonwoven (basis weight: 40 g / m 2 ; thickness 0.1 mm) was functionalized with a solution consisting of 70 g of a PEG
- a PP wet nonwoven (basis weight: 50 g / m 2 ; thickness 0.1 mm) was mixed with a solution consisting of 67.5 g of a PEG-functionalized acrylate (Mn PEG: 480 g / mol), 10 g of a PEG diacrylate (Mn PEG: 250 g / mol), 166.3 g of water and 5.1 g of a commercially available UV radical initiator coated and irradiated with UV light for 60 seconds. The resulting coated nonwoven fabric was then washed in a water bath and dried at 100 ° C. The experiment was repeated 4 times and the mean values of the thicknesses and weights were determined. A coated nonwoven fabric with a thickness of 0.11 mm and a weight per unit area of 89.2 g / m 2 was obtained.
- a PP wet nonwoven (basis weight: 50.2 g / m 2 ; thickness 0.103 mm) was treated with a solution consisting of 135 g of a PEG-functionalized acrylate (Mn PEG: 480 g / mol), 25 g of a PEG diacrylate (Mn PEG: 250 g / mol), 320 g of water and 5 g of a commercially available UV radical initiator coated and irradiated with UV light for 45 seconds.
- the resulting coated nonwoven fabric was then washed in a water bath and dried at 100 ° C.
- a coated nonwoven fabric with a thickness of 0.117 mm and a weight per unit area of 87.4 g / m 2 was obtained.
- a PET nonwoven fabric (weight 85 g / m 2 ; thickness 0.12 mm) is made with a
- the polyurethane acrylate is not a comb polymer that has at least one side chain with a molecular weight of at least 60 g / mol and / or at least 5 repeat units. Rather, the side chains preferably have a molecular weight of 500 to 1000 g / mol. During drying there is thermal crosslinking of the
- Polyurethane acrylates A coated nonwoven fabric with a thickness of 0.128 mm and a weight of 145 g / m 2 is obtained. Examples 1-3 have no Gurley air permeability. This means that there are no continuous pores. The electrical resistance of the separators, measured in 1 M LiPF6 dissolved in
- Propylene carbonate is very small and of the same order of magnitude as with commercial separators. There is no dependence of the electrical conductivity on the pore sizes of the continuous pores. A diffusion of sulfide ions through the separator (in dimethyl ether) could not be determined.
- PP wet nonwovens were coated with a solution consisting of 62.5 g of acrylic acid, 6 g of a crosslinking agent, 125.5 g of water and 2 g of a commercially available UV radical initiator and continuously irradiated with UV light.
- a solution consisting of 62.5 g of acrylic acid, 6 g of a crosslinking agent, 125.5 g of water and 2 g of a commercially available UV radical initiator and continuously irradiated with UV light.
- the electrical resistance in 30% KOH of the separators can be set independently of the air permeability, ie independently of the pore sizes of the continuous pores. The electrical conductivity is thus decoupled from the pore size.
- Table 2 Separators for aqueous alkaline electrolytes.
- a wet PP nonwoven fabric (basis weight: 50.2 g / m 2 ; thickness 0.12 mm) was treated with a solution consisting of 12.5 kg of acrylic acid, 600 g of a crosslinking agent, 6.3 kg of water and 200 g of a commercially available solution UV radical initiator coated and continuously irradiated with UV light.
- the resulting coated nonwoven fabric was then washed in a water bath and dried at 100 ° C.
- a coated nonwoven fabric with a thickness of 0.125 mm 10 and a weight per unit area of 77 g / m 2 was obtained.
- Example 8 the electrical resistance, measured in 10% H2SO4, is lower than that of the commercially available Nafion membrane (see Table 3).
- Example 9 the electrical conductivity, measured in 10% H2SO4 15, is greater than in the commercially available perfluorosulfonic acid membrane
Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE102018131928.2A DE102018131928A1 (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Separator for electrochemical energy storage and converters |
PCT/EP2019/083964 WO2020120310A1 (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2019-12-06 | Separator for electrochemical energy accumulators and converters |
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US (1) | US20220056186A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3895234A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN113169415A (en) |
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US6359019B1 (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 2002-03-19 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Graft polymeric membranes and ion-exchange membranes formed therefrom |
JP3218291B2 (en) * | 1998-12-14 | 2001-10-15 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Battery diaphragm |
JP4020296B2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2007-12-12 | キヤノン株式会社 | Ionic conduction structure, secondary battery and method for producing them |
DE10220817A1 (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-27 | Celanese Ventures Gmbh | Process for producing a grafted polymer electrolyte membrane and its use in fuel cells |
JP2005019064A (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2005-01-20 | Canon Inc | Ion conduction structure, secondary battery and method for manufacturing them |
DE102005057644A1 (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2006-06-14 | Pemeas Gmbh | New functionalized polyazole containing repeating imidazole units useful in the application of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells |
US8703330B2 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2014-04-22 | Powergenix Systems, Inc. | Nickel zinc battery design |
CN101926031B (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2013-05-01 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Electricity storage material and electricity storage device |
DE102011117262A1 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-02 | Li-Tec Battery Gmbh | Use of comb polymers in lithium ion batteries |
DE102012016317A1 (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2014-02-20 | Jenabatteries GmbH | Redox flow cell for storing electrical energy |
JP6191763B2 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2017-09-06 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | Separation membrane, lithium-sulfur battery, battery module, method for producing separation membrane, method for producing lithium-sulfur battery |
KR102018299B1 (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2019-11-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Separator for lithium secondary battery and a method of making the same |
DK3297063T3 (en) | 2015-05-11 | 2020-08-24 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd | COMPOSITE MEMBRANE AND LITHIUM-ION BATTERY THEREFORE |
KR102038543B1 (en) | 2016-01-28 | 2019-10-30 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | A Separator For Lithium-Sulfur Battery Having Composite Coating Layer Containing Polydopamine, Manufacturing Method Thereof, And Lithium-Sulfur Battery Comprising The Same |
DE102016207081A1 (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2017-10-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Process for the preparation of a single ion conductive lithium polyelectrolyte |
EP3246969B1 (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2018-12-12 | Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. | Separator for rechargeable battery and rechargeable lithium battery including the same |
CN107785523B (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2019-12-03 | 清华大学 | Lithium-sulfur cell diaphragm and lithium-sulfur cell |
DE102016226291A1 (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2018-07-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Protective layer with improved contacting for lithium cells and / or lithium batteries |
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